w
w
ap
eP
m
e
tr
.X
w
om
.c
GEOGRAPHY
s
er
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
9696/02, 9696/03
Papers 2 and 3
October/November 2004
3 hours
INSERT
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This insert contains all the Figures referred to in the questions.
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
SP (DR) S60878/4
© UCLES 2004
[Turn over
© UCLES 2004
23°S
0°
23°N
cT
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
Continental tropical
cT
Air mass movement
Maritime tropical
mT
Key:
Air masses
mT
source
Intertropical convergence zone
mT
source
mT
dry
cT
mT
moist
mT
source
mT
moist
mT
mT
source dry
mT
dry
cT
source
cT
Tropical air mass source regions
Fig.1 for Question 2
mT
moist
mT
moist
mT
source
mT
dry
cT
source
mT 23°S
moist
0°
mT
23°N
source
Intertropical convergence zone
cT
source
2
© UCLES 2004
B
CONSOLIDATE
BEHIND INLAND
DEFENCE
Extensive land-fill
cliff strengthening
improved land
drainage
A
DO NOTHING
LET COAST
ERODE/FLOOD
Rehousing, resiting
of buildings and
highways.
Pay compensation
OPTIONS
Achieved
by:
Traditional ‘hard’
engineering: sea
walls, groynes
revetments
C
MAINTAIN
EXISTING
COASTLINE
Near shore filling
beach nourishment
D
EXTEND OUT
TO SEA
Some Options for the Defence of Coastlines Under Threat from Erosion
Fig. 2 for Question 4
3
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
[Turn over
© UCLES 2004
30°
0°
30°
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
Low to moderate seismic risk
120°
60°
High to very high seismic risk
0°
60°
120°
Active volcanoes
Seismic (earthquake) Risk and Active Volcanoes
Fig. 3 for Question 6
4
5
Fig. 4A for Question 8
Annual rainfall in the Sahel 1900-2000 in relation to the average for 1951-80
Annual rainfall
% difference from the average
40
more than
average
20
average rainfall
0
-20
less than
average
-40
1900
© UCLES 2004
1920
1940
1960
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
1980
2000
[Turn over
6
Fig. 4B for Question 8
Stages in the spread of the desert into a small area of the Sahel
Key:
village
well
desert
Stage 1
N
0
1
km
Stage 2
Stage 3
© UCLES 2004
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
2
7
Fig. 5 for Question 10
The product life cycle model
stage 1
early
stage 3
mature
stage 2
growth
stage 4
decline/
obsolescence
sales
$
time
early
stage
growth
management
2
1
scientific
engineering
know how
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
1
inputs
unskilled and
semiskilled
labour
external
economies
of scale
capital
© UCLES 2004
1
3
mature
3
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
[Turn over
8
Fig. 6 for Question 11
The ship MV Greenpeace at a wind farm off the coast of Denmark
© UCLES 2004
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
9
Fig. 7 for Question 12
Global water demand, 1900, 1990 and 2000
6000
5000
4000
km3/year
3000
2000
1000
2000
1990
1900
total
storage
urban
industry
agriculture
0
sector
© UCLES 2004
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
[Turn over
© UCLES 2004
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
San Pedro
de Alcántara
San Pedro
de Alcántara
Alc ntara
Estepona
Estepona
Manilva
airport
land over 200 m
camping
self-catering
hotel
Manilva
1000
5000
bed spaces
Marbella
Marbella
0
km
Nerja
10
Rincón de
la Victoria
Torre del
Mar
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
Torre del
Mar
Málaga
Rincón de
la Victoria
Fuengirola Benalmadena Torremolinos
Fuengirola
Benalmadena
Torremolinos
Málaga
laga
Tourism development on the Costa del Sol, Spain, 1988
Fig. 8 for Question 14
Nerja
10
11
Fig. 9 for Question 16
The core-periphery model of regional development
eripheral
D p
reg
ion
B
upward
transition region
A
growth
core
region
resour C
ce fro
region ntier
Key:
flows of labour, capital, goods
and commodities
© UCLES 2004
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04
12
BLANK PAGE
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
9696/02,03 Insert O/N04