Yogyakarta State University
in collaboration with
ISBN i 979-26-1819-8
*+.1'-'=. "
JLICED Children,
is
conducting an
Race
and Ethnicity Learning Group
Proceeding
International Seminar
Early Childhood Education in and for Socio Cultural Diversity
building)
[As a foundation to develop character
Publishing Institute
Yo
gyakarta State UniversitY
Director of Publication
Sugito
Chief Editor
Widyastuti Purbani
Secretary
Ika Budi MarYatun
Editor
Anies RohidaYah
Lay Out
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Administrator
Anies RohidaYah
Address
International Office,
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gyakarta State University
ISBN : 979-26-1'8L9'8
O 2010 Yogyakarta State University
without the prior
Att .igh, rell..r"d. No part of this publicatlon may be reproduced
permission of Yogyakarta State University
wrltten
Printed in YogYakarta
By Citra Media
All arricles in the Proceeding of Early Childhood Education
Diversity (As a foundation to develop character building)
in and for Socio Cultural
are not the official opinions and
from the articles are soie responsibilities of
standings of editors. contents and consequences resuited
individual writers
Table of Contents
Words from the Rector
Foreword from the Chairman
Table of Contents
ii
ul
iv
Part One
Multiculturalism & Early childhood Education in General
I.
Early Childhood Multicultural Education
Patricia G. Ramsey
Part Two
How to Develop Programs in Multicultural and Early Childhood
Education
2'
Perspective Transformation: Making Meaning of parenting Experiences
Sugito
Preschool : Promoting Children,s Social Competence
Siti Partini Suardiman
10
1B
Developing Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Young Children to Lessen the Influence
of Gender
Stereotypes on the Impediment of Career Development
4.
Yulia Ayriza
27
Part Three
Educational Research in Multicultural Diversity
5'
6'
How Gender and Race Intersect in Early Childhood Teachers'Account
of South
African Children
Dheviaa Bhana
Principles of Research Methods in Early Childhood Education: Multicultural
Approaches
Suyata
A1
AL
50
Part Four
Language
7
'
B.
Parents'Attitude and Approaches to Supporting Children's Biliteracy Development
and Bilingualism in Australian Home Context
Muhammad Basri Jafar
Child-directed Sueech:
A way to Help children Develop Linguistic and Social competence
Titik Su d artinah........
IV
55
6B
Part Five
Parenting & Parenting Education
g.
parental Involvement of Parents Without Special Needs Children in Inclusive
Education
Resnia Novitasari,.
75
10.
Spiritual Parenting Education as an Alternative to Reduce Neglecting Behavior
Rumiani.....
B1
11.
Role of Parents in Multicultural Awareness in Early childhood
92
Wuri Wuryandani
1-2. The Role of Parents and Teachers in Early Childhood Character Building
9B
Fitri Lestarl /ssom........
Part Six
Character & Character Building
13,
14.
15.
1,6.
Wood Baby Dolls Vs Ragnarok: The Difference in Toy Preference of Children Based
-l
on Gender Reasons
Arundati Shinta........
School, Home and Community Partnerships in Early Childhood Character Education
L06
Winda Dewi Listvasari.........'...
177
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People - Character Building in Early Childhood
Education
Dyah N urwidita............
1.25
Building a Nation Personality System in Cultural Diversity Through the Early
Childhood Education
S. Wisni Septiarti &MulYadi'.'
133
Part Seven
Model
-
L7.
A Compensatory Preschool Program for Children at Barak Sosial Ampera
PInkan M.Indira....
18.
Negotiating "the Nationalist" and "the Islamic" Voices in Early Childhood Education
Ali Formen.
Ig.
Receiving Socio-cultural Diversity in Reggio Emilia's Schools Ilnsight from the Visit
to Reggio Emiiia)
lka Budi Marvatun...
Salatiga
< A-
l+J
1-4
t1l
161,
Part Eight
Teaching
20. The Role of Music in Character
Building
r69
Yeni Rachmawati..........
21. The Child Goes Green via Traditional Games
I A Part of Early-Childhood Character Euilding)
23.
Khristianto
1E5
Utilize Play Activities during Recess/Break Time to Improve Multicultural
Awareness in Kindergartens
Wawan S. Suherman & Endang Sulistyowati
L94
BRAIN GYM Improving Creative Potencies in Early Childhood in Social Diversity by
Traditional Culture
Siti Irene Astuti D................
200
Part Nine
Program, Multicultural Research & National Building
24.
25.
Multicultural Values in Indonesian Primary Schools:
A Case Study in Makassar Metropolitan Area
Mansur AkiI & Amiru\\ah.................
2L5
The Instilling of National Vision Through Games for Young Children
L. H endrowibows..........
224
VI
Rer
6a a343e 2a1a
Ce rt i fi ca te
This is to certify that
S. Wisni Septiorti, M.Si
has participated as a
Presenler
in the lnternational Seminar on
Education
in and for Socio-cultural Diversity
Early Childhood
(As a Foundation to Develop Character Building)
organized by Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia,
in coltaboration with Una
(A Gtobal Learning Initiative on Chitdren and Ethnic Diversity)
o.n May 19-20,2010
Rector,
Yogyakarta, May 20, 2010
Chairperson
t^^rql
Dr. Rothmat Wahab, M. Pd., M.A.
Dr. Sugito, M.A.
NrP 19570110 198403 1 002
NIP 19600410 198503 1 002
Building a Nation Personality System in Cultural Diversity
Through the Early Childhood Education
Septiarti &Mulyadi
Yogyakarta State University
S. Wisni
swseptiarti@yahoo. co. id
Abstract
Forming a society that has a cutturat diversity in Indonesia's heatth can not be
taken for granted or a trial and error, but should be pursued systematicalty,
programmaticatly, integrated and sustainable, and even necessary acceleration
(acceteration). One important strategy to acceterate is the multicuttural
education which was held early on through "the gotden trianget" atl educationat
institutions, both format, non-format and even informat.
Cuttural diversity or mutticulturalism is often referred to as a retatively new
terminotogy present
in the current gtobat discourse.
MutticutturaI in
perspective of the Indonesian nation is not something surprising. Personal
character and the Indonesian peopte atready familiar with remarkable diversity
of the Indonesian peopte who have this diversity. However, the current
phenomenon for humans in some parts of the wortd is the diversity of mankind
is deemed to be the cause of disintegration, disharmony, suffering and even
misery. There is strife and war which is seen as a resutt of this diversity that
gave birth to the human attitude toward superficiatity. So experts betieve that
mutticulturaI awareness should be inculcated and become part of the
consciousness of mankind in various aspects of tife. To instit[ an awareness of
the need of effective methods. Education uttimatetv considered as a sotution to
this,
Ptanting mutticuttural consciousness
at an earty age woutd be a step that
is
very creative and strategic efforts to manage cuttural diversity. When the
system is a dynamic personatity to nationaI identity then it can not be
separated from culture and socia[ system more open, inkutsif and adaptive to
any changes. Mutticutturat approach in the education process, including
community-based non-formaI and informa[ educationa[ institutions is
considered to have a central role in the devetopment of the personatity system.
Therefore an earty age is the most crucial period in the formation of
personatity, the educational strategies with parents as the primary group that
is most responsibte for the development of the personatity system that
emphasizes respect for differences.
Keywords: early childhood, the personality of the nation, multicultural education.
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Introduction
When a famity formed through marriage witl resutt in many consequences, especiatly
when the marriage occurred between two different cultures. ln the terminotogy of
the social sciences, a marriage between men and women is not only about the two
peopte atone but has been involved in sociat, economic, cuttural and even two
families or more. Perhaps the less pteasant consequences do not occur when the chitd
has not been the resutt of their marriage, because of adjustments made as comptex if
the comptex has not been any kid. This mixing of cuttures through marriage impties
the growth of seeds of different conscious or unconscious witl bring many new
problems and lasting at [east require conformity to completion during the current
marriage.
Adaptation to the norms, values for the individual society is a socio-cuttural
activity that must be passed by every member of society in various forms. Infants born
from a mixture of two or more cultures is a common social phenomenon in this
pturalistic society. Ratph Linton, an anthropologist describes that every baby is born
tike a barbarian who should serve as a civitized human. This means that a chitd witt
have the abitity to be civitized if through a process that not onty through education
witt be his parents but also through another process catted socialization, the process
of continuous adjustment to the socio-cuttural value system of his community. ln
connection with buitding a personatity that is never separated from the cutture of the
nation's social system (the ptura[), dynamic, even futt of uncertainty because of the
impact of gtobatization.
When we look
at the
of socio-cuttura[ crises in
society can occur in various events. Socio-potiticat disintegration, verticaI or
horizontal citizen disputes originating from the euphoria that was atmost too far; loss
of social control in the face of difficutt tife of our society easity cause a rampage,
phenomena, the emergence
doing a variety of anarchist actions, and even committed suicide. People are starting
to lose my abitity to empathize, potiteness, mutuaI respect and respect for
differences of variance. Building a mutticuttural awareness at an earty age for the
development of the nation's personality system becomes very important in the
context of Indonesia, which have such great cuttural diversity. Early age (0-5 years) is
a crucial age, the formation of character and personatity of chitdren.
Earty age wit[ determine subsequent growth and human development. Because,
at an earty age the basics of chitd's personatity has been formed. At that time atso,
the chitdren experienced one crisis catted the basic formation of a personatity crisis.
lf they get a proper education witl form the basics of a strong personatity. Conversety,
if you got the wrong education witl form the basis of personatity that is not good.
Therefore, education is the cornerstone of efforts to form a personality.
Besides, efforts to achieve and maintain the integrity of the nation and a
mutticulturat country of Indonesia to another purpose of the conduct of communityL34li;:}ng;t
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liased edueation" As patterns and basic principles of national education systems, the
systematic organization of education, programmed, integrated and sustained into an
advantage" Strategic steps that can be done one of them is through an organized
approach to multicuttural education through formal educational institutions, nonformal and informat. Non-formal and informal education have an equal rote to shape
the personatity of eanly ehitdhood organized by and for people from as stated in Act
No. 20 of the National Education System 2003 (Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan
Nasional No.20 Tahun 2003).
This article wi[[ ittustrate the complexity of cuttural diversity in its retevance to
eanty chitdhood education by parents, society in generat in non-formal and informal
education systems towards modern society an inctusive, adaptive and open. The ideas
of inctusive education through a mutticutturaI approach into a toot for development of
the nation's personatity system. Buitding a chitd's personatity system did not escape
the social system, cutture is organized through a multicuttural approach to teaching
the attitude of mutual acceptance, respect for cuttural vatues and even different
betiefs does not grow itself automaticatty. Especiatly in a person there is a tendency
to expect others to be tike him (Rustan lbrahim, 2008)
Discussion
Development of the Individual and the Situation of Cultural Diversity.
i
United States President John F. Kennedy and President Adotfo Lopez Meteos
Mexico in 1962. When driving, pay attention to watches Kennedy President of
i :: =r.tn
praised Lopez " how beautiful your watches" Lopez immediatety
i Atexico. Kerrrredy atso
i ga',e his watch to the U.S. president said: "These watches belong to you now."
I
I
t<ennedy was embarrassed by the gift. He tried to resist, but the president of
"thot in his country when someone likes something, something that
I Mexico exptained
I shoutd be given to him. Ownership is a matter of feetings and human needs, not
private property, "Kennedy was impressed by that exptanation and received the watch
I
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with humititv.
I
i
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Shortty thereafter, President Lopez turned to the U.S. president and said: "
your wif e" was answered by Kennedy: "pleose take back your watch."
I now beautiful
| (Stewart L. Tubbs, Sytvia Moss, 2001)
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Diatogue between the two presidents as described can be expt3ined as fo[[ows:
1.
How is the cultural diversity of social reatity which can be an inspiration how to
understand a different culture is a form of continuous setf-adjustment,
integrated into the norms and vatues of society.
2. That individuals in a ptural society groups claimed to respect, accept that other
peopte or different groups have the same rights to live and thrive.
3. That every society has o woy of life different, unique, and may atso not be
easily understood by other community members.
In simpte communities generatty have a higher degree of homogeneity so that
the values and norms has become ctear, while in modern society, more open, with the
heterogeneity of vatues and norms are relatively ctear (muttipte meanings) according
to Emile Durkheim and atso Talcot Parson (George Ritzer and Dougtas J Goodman
with The Modern Sociologicol Theory, 2007\. When someone has the abitity to
understand another culture it witt be wise in tife with o In the context of education,
learning to tive together with others (tearning to live together) becomes retevant to
be discussed in this paper to an understanding of cuttural diversity possessed by each
individual even since earty chitdhood.thers, even though he was different social
backgrounds, cultures and religions.
In the perspective of symbotic interactionist theory, according to
Herbert
Btumer (George Ritzer and Dougtas J.Goodman,2007)) humans interact with other
human beings through various ways including through symbots, signs and atso the
[anguage which sometimes can onty be understood or not understood at att by the
perpetrators of the interaction but the interaction continues Uniqueness is that
humans interpret each other and mutualty define the actions both through verbal and
non verbat communication.
When a chitd is born he does not have a personatity for two or three years he
lived and grew up with a variety of behavior. Son of the tiving, ftourished in a
patterned interaction with the community, whether that community is good or bad,
pteasant or unpteasant, which is expected or unexpected, such as can differentiate
with other parts of the body and stitt many others until he was an adult . Attitude
himself grew up with social interaction. In the process of interacting with others, the
chitd begins to claim that the actions of others is definitety her and she began to
respond with her own reaction repeated. Chitdren witt learn to think of personatity
traits are copied from others, for example, a chitd is arrested or imitate something
that he met with his intettigence he began to expect the introduction of new and
creative re-use witt be considered with intetligence.
The sociotogist, Peter L. Berger and Luckmann (George Ritzer and Dougtas
J.Goodman, 2007\ defines sociatization as the primary sociatization of individuals
135
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served first as a chitd to learn to become members of society (famities). Primary
sociatization took place when chitdren aged 1-5 years or when the chitd does not go to
schoot. Chitdren begin to recognize famity members and family environment.
Gradualty he began to distinguish themsetves with others around her famity. In this
stage, the rote of the people ctosest to the chitd becomes very important because a
chitd is doing in timited interaction patterns in it.
When sociotogists
of
structuratist functionalism ftow assume
that
each
component has a function of the other components because the social system which is
Dahrendof Ratph
buitt on the basis of the functioning of meaning. Not so with
statement's (George Ritzer, 2007\, the originator of the theory of conftict by stating
the
that not atl of the integration, harmonization, or the social construction
created
through the adaptation course. Sociat confticts have become an integral part in the
process toward a change, because the individual is active and has the abitity to
change the existing social order. Similarty, an individuat, atso has a personatity that is
not static, but develop with produce certain tendencies. lt's not against individuals
but the cutture of individual deterministic influence on the cuttural environment, and
this can be created through education from an earty age. The reason this is
particutarty retevant because the peopte of Indonesia who have socio-cutturaI
diversity.
Multicultural Approach As Part of Building a Personality System
Tatking about mutti-cultural society, our minds are focused
on
a diversity of valuabte but vutnerable to social conflict. Therefore, as part of its
mutticuttura[ approach to learning becomes an important discourse to be apptied in
the education system both in formal, non format and informat. Understanding
diversity in the community mentioned that God created everything good there, and
even human beings were created by him as the highest than any creature on earth.
But instead there would be human intervention makes it evil (Things Every God make
good; mon meddles with Them and they want changed from evil). One of the many
treatments of adutts to chitdren is viotence. The low [eve[ of protection for chitdren
in Indonesia is one of the causes of the increasing cases of viotence that occurs in
chitdren. Increasing the number of cases of viotence against chitdren within two years
from 1626 cases in 2008 increased to 1891 cases in 2009. From 1891 data on 2009
cases, there were 891 cases of viotence occurred in the school environment. The
number of cases of viotence against chitdren continues to rise (Source: The Rifka
Annisa; Resources Devetopment Center; For the Etimination of Viotence against
Women in the Wotd Vision Indonesia rifka-annisa.or.id/...lworld-vision'diakses dated
May 5,2010).
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Being true if the situation through a variety of ways inctuding the issuance of
chitd protection laws continue to be disosialiasasikan to various parties as a reference
to keep protect chitdren from a[[ interference irresponsibte adults. Ctearty mentioned
in the Law of the Repubtic of lndonesia Number 23 Year 2003 on the protection of
chitdren to make the wortd safe for the chitd (a word fit for chitdren). lf the famity
environment and educational institutions are no longer providing security to children,
where more chitdren can get their rights. Viotence instead of education, education
does not have to with viotence.
Being a responsible parent and can provide educational supplies for their
children is not easy. Characteristics of education in the family, usuatly the most
prominent is about the method of modeting. An educator prosecuted become mentors
to their students (Titaar, 1999). The reason is the interaction within the famity was so
intense, so that indirectty or directly that there are individuals in these famities
ldentify and sociatize with each other after the first chitd doing imitations.
Process hetd a multicutturaI approach to education with respect to the
difference. Various educational praxis was even tabeted retigious, has not been
effective to educate the youth (schoot) background to appreciate others. Tend to
emphasize differences. Some community leaders and academics through the Centre
for Research and Inter Retigious Diatogue (CRID) with the theme of the Brotherhood of
Knitting Back to Indonesia's West Katimantan Syarif Hidayatuttah State lstamic
University (UlN) Jakarta would [ike to extend it untit whenever that differences witI
never run out, it shoutd rewarded rather than hightight his own retigion and cutture.
Multicultural means ideatize each other differences, not etiminate them.
Agreed with the above statements on numerous occasions seminars and
writings HAR Titaar, a Professor of Education who are reatty concerned educationa[
praxis in retation to cuttural diversity (2002, 2004) suggests that mutticultural
education does not aim to etiminate differences but etiminating prejudices, create
diatogue, to know the difference so that the resutting sense of mutual respect and
appreciate. From here is expected to show the cuttural capitat of a nation because
the peopte who have lost their cuttural capitat witt be very prone to rupture. This
cultural capital of local wisdom born of weatth nations that if etected coutd become a
huge force. In the Indonesian context, known compound, into strategic mutticuttural
education to be able to manage diversity creatively, so that the confticts that arise as
a resutt of transformation and social reform can be managed intettigentty and be part
of the enlightened tife of the nation into.
More specificatty, T Raka Joni suggested had 4 (four) levets that are integrated
to be done to facititate the growth of abitity to respect diversity. The four levets are:
138
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2.
3.
Personal tevet (personal [evet), through parenting (parenting)
institt the abitity and the habit of respecting cultural diversity
in a family
to
Organizationa[ levet (organizationa[ levet), both in formal education,
institutions or emptoyers.
Societal [eve[ (community tevet) in a broad sense, which shoutd always have to
prioritize tribute to diversitY.
(the [eve[ of
systemic) through legistation.
ptanting
awareness at an earty age
personal
rnutticultural
[eve[,
Especiatty on a
in a period of parenting is a very creative and strategic diversity management
in the nation. As the saying goes "tearn in a smatl time like carving on a rock" so
that respect for differences witt be embedded within a tifetong human
chitd.the future.
Introducing a paradigm of mutticulturalism on the chitd during parenting can be
detiver messages about
done through various ways, including with how
mutticutturatism by exampte in daity [ife, or by submitting stories that contain
4. System-tevet
to
messages about mutticutturatism, among others, from the fairy tales, legends,
inctuding through the medium of tetevision The abitity to respect diversity and
differences in a ptural state of Indonesia becomes necessity that can not be bargained
and shoutd be owned by each of its citizens, if this country wants to remain in
existence.
Mutticultural education for chitdren of earty age is very important to be
encouraged as a foundation for the devetopment of Indonesian society more open,
tolerant and democratic. One Day Seminar and Workshop on Multicultural Education
Forum hetd lnterfaith Chitd We're Different We're Just in Love Humanity Nursery
Agency (Percik) Satatiga, Central Java, Saturday (31/10). The seminar was attended
etementary school teacher, Ml, school week, TPQ and TPA, as wetl as a number of
parents. (Kompas.com. November 2, 2009).
To devetop this capabitity, the path of education - whether informa[, formal
and non formal education - is a media which is very strategic. Through this pathway,
mutticuttural education is a theme that must be appointed to develop the abitity to
respect diversity. These themes themes such as religion / divinity, humanity, national
origin / nationatity, democracy and social justice.
Earty Chitdhood Education aims to devetop various competencies chitdren from
an earty age as a preparation for life and can sociatize with the environment.
Associated with poticy development, earty chitdhood education through educational
institutions and informal non format 2008 Enrotlment in Rough (GER) Earty Chitdhood
Education (ECD) has only reached 50.62%, white the Ministry of Education Strategic
Ptan target was 53.90% in 2009 , whereas the Mittennium Development Goats target of
75%
in 2015.
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Untit now, schoots or any educational institution is the ideal social system
which consists of etements interretated system of behavior which, if managed in a
system of inctusive education, is open can devetop a personatity system, develop a
chitd's abitity and tatent, devetop the socia[ inteltigence of children, develop
intettigence Interpersonal chitd, stimutates the devetopment of emotional intettigence
of chitdren, and to devetop the chitd's social communication" UNESCO as a world
institution in the fietd of education through various sociatization hightights the
importance of strengthening the relationship between education and cultural
diversity.
Earty chitdhood education is in fact is a shared responsibitity between famities,
communities and governments. SchooI as the assistant to the continuation of
education within the famity, because education is first and foremost is obtained by
children in the famity. Famity as the smattest social unit is the most important
environmenta[ education and the first, in the sense of famity is the most responsibte
environmentat educate their chitdren.
Conclusion
The system is described as the nation's personality patterns of behavior and habits of
individuats who coltected within himself and used to adjust to att stimuti both from
outside and from within. Personality system according to the theory of action systems
Tatcot Parson, is a series of systems that can not be separated between the social and
cuttural systems that have an inftuence on individuats continuatty resutted in the
formation ndividu behaviors and ultimatety shape the personatity system. This
,rynamic personatity system that witt be increasingty characterized by the interaction
between children and immediate famity members. Therefore the environnnental
impact of diverse, unique and dynamic personatity system that chitdren survive and
thrive in a diverse socio-cutturat systems create unique personalities as welt.
The concept of system is used to anatyze the behavior and sociat phenomena
with a wider variety of systems or with sub systems inctuded. An exampte is the
interaction between the famity catted a system, the chitd is a sub system and society
is the supra-system, apart relation verticatty can atso be viewed in a horizontal
retationship of a system with a variety of systems equivatent. ln the view of Talcott
Parsons, the community and a tiving organism is an open systems that interact and
'inftuence each other with their environment.
As tong as children are trained to disciptine in learning and growing knowledge
witt be more mature and stable personality. Mutticutturat education for young children
is very important to be encouraged as a foundation for the devetopment of Indonesian
society more open and advanced. Buitding a nation's personatity system through
mutticuttural education that put "different" the same height and same vatues become
very important in the paradigm of education for tolerance, democracy and
inclusivism, and rejection of discrimination and exctusivism developed in the social
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system of cultural diversity. Then buitd a mutticuttural awareness at an earty age is
very important in the context of socio-cuttural diversity of the nation Indoensia as
fact. Educational paradigm that ignores the chitd's devetopment from an early age,
and more emphasis on development of cognitive (intetlectuat) atone may produce a
less civitized human beings.
References
Departemen Pendidikan Nasionat. 2003. Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003
Tentang Sfsfem Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta.
Joni, T Raka. 2008. "Nurturing Cultural Diversity Competence in Indonesia" . Paper
presented at the 5th Congress of the Asia Pacific Association of
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