Foreword of The Rector
On behalf of Yogyakarta State University, I would like to welcome all participants of the International
Conference on Current Issues in Education. We are honored to conduct this conference and to give you
opportunities to join in a most pleasant and enlightening educational experience during your time in Yogyakarta.
By participating in this conference, we join a lengthy and prideful tradition of inquiry and dissemination.
The conference has become a major forum for the advancement of knowledge related to many issues in
education.
To many presenters who have travelled from many parts of the world, I extend my gratitude for your effort
and willingness to participate in this event. Throughout your effort, we feel confident in the continuing success
of the conference.
The topic of the conference is a very important field in our global and changing society that becomes very
complex. It is very essential to promote better future generations who have strong, honest, independent, and
religious characteristics.
The paper in this proceeding presents many topics, perspectives, and methodology that stimulate debates
and dialogue, so that it is resourceful for scholars and researchers who are interested in current issues in
education.
I hope that you have an enjoyable stay at YSU and find the conference productive and rewarding.
Yogyakarta,
Prof. Dr. Rochmat Wahab, M.Pd., M.A
Rector of Yogyakarta State University
i
Foreword of the Director
This proceeding compiles all papers from the invited speakers and complementary papers in the 1st
International Conference on Current Issues in Education (ICCIE) 2012 held at Yogyakarta State University,
Indonesia on 15-16 September 2012. The conference is held by the Study Program of Educational Policy,
Faculty of Education & Doctoral Program of Educational Sciences, Graduate School, Yogyakarta State
University, Indonesia in collaboration with Faculty of Education, the National University of Malaysia.
As we know, in the modern era, there are fast and paradoxical changes in human life. These bring several
consequences, including those in education. To respond to these issues, some possible solutions are needed,
which of course require the cooperation between education experts and practitioners in all parts of the world.
Thus, bringing about three main subthemes, i.e. Comparative Education: Global and Local Issues, Religious and
Moral Issues in Education, and Sociocultural Issues in Education, the conference attracts many participants who
are willing to share their thoughts and experiences in education. Participants come from many countries, i.e.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Netherlands, Japan, Bangladesh, Singapore, Iran, India, Pakistan, Taiwan,
Nigeria, and Afghanistan.
We would like to convey our highest appreciation to our main speaker, Prof. Dr. Rochmat Wahab, M.Pd.,
M.A. (Rector of Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia). We would also like to extend our gratitude to the
plenary session speakers — Prof. Yutaka Otsuka, Ph.D. (Hiroshima University, Japan), Coloma Pastora, Ph.D.
(Central Luzon State University, Philippines), Prof. Suyata, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Yogyakarta State University,
Indonesia), Prof. Micha de Winter (Utrecht University, Netherlands), Prof. Madya. Dr. Haji Maimun Aqsa Lubis
(The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia), Dr. Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, M.A. (Pondok Pesantren Gontor,
Indonesia), Assoc. Prof.Dr. Abdul Razak Ahmad (The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia), Prof.
Zamroni, Ph.D. (Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia), Prof. Md. Wahiduzzaman, Ph.D. (University of
Dhaka, Bangladesh), Dr. Vincent P. Costa, Ed.D. (Education Development Specialist, USA) — as well as to
presenters of the parallel sessions. They contributed much to the success of the conference, which is also
indebted to the participants as well as the officials who support this conference for their will, commitment, and
collegiality in sharing their experiences and thoughts in this occasion.
Hopefully this proceeding will give deeper insights about education.
Yogyakarta,
Prof. Dr. Sodiq A. Kuntoro, M.Ed.
Director of Publication
ii
Table of Contents
i
Foreword of the Rector
ii
Foreword of the Director
iii
Table of Contents
INVITED SPEAKERS
Strengthening the Identity of Various Communities in Nation Building:
Issues and Challenges
Abdul Aziz Rahman & Abdul Razaq Ahmad
1
Developing Literacy in Children Through Classroom-Based Reading Programs
Dr. Vincent P. Costa, Ed.D.
7
Telecentre Symbiosis and Lifelong Learning
Jalaluddin Abdul Malek
11
Social Issues in Tertiary Education of Bangladesh
M. Wahiduzzaman
21
Moral Education And The Importance of Child-Participation
Micha de Winter
27
Global and Local Issues in Education:
The Philippine Scenario
Pastora S. Coloma
33
Borrowing Policy Versus Indigenous Reference in Solving the Failing Education:
Internationalization and Denationalization Trends
Suyata
38
The Development and Trends in Comparative Education in Japan:
a Methodological Consideration with Emphasis on Fieldwork
Yutaka Otsuka
42
The Inspired Teacher:
A cultural approach to close achievement gap.
Zamroni
54
Religious Education in Islam
(based on theory of worldview)
Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi
61
iii
PARALEL SESSION SPEAKERS
Physical Education And Students' Violence Behaviors: Review on Effort of Developing Prosocial
Behavior Through Physical Education to Overcome Students' Violence Behaviors
Dimyati
1
A Community Based Program to Fulfill Early Childhood Development Needs
Irma Vania Oesmani
8
Impact of Job Involvement on Job Productivity of Female School Teachers
Mamoona Naz, Anum Javed, Tayyaba Gul Niazi, Anum Saleem, Sumra Arif
12
The Influence of Motivation towards Achievement of English Language among Students in Pahang
Rural Areas
Mastura Kamarudin, Abdul Razaq Ahmad & Zalizan Mohd Jelas
19
Asserting Identity through Social Capital: Community Education as a New Social Movement in
India
Muhammed Haneefa
28
Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy-Based Psychoeducation for Developing Peers' Positive
Attitude toward Students with Special Needs in Inclusive School
Muryantinah M. Handayani, Pramesti Pradna Paramita
36
Entrepreneurship Resilience of Entrepreneurship Education Students in Higher Educational
Institutions
Noorul Najwa Binti Mohd Ghazlan
42
Teachers’ Perspective towards Development of Preschoolers in Cognitive, Affective, and
Psychomotor Domain
Norliah Binti Kasim, Rohaty Binti Mohd. Majzub & Abdul Razaq Ahmad
47
Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Waste Management at Elementary School
(Case Study of Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera)
Nur'aini, Sjarkowi, Waspodo, Faizal
54
A Clash of Religion and Secular Education System in The Malay States, 1896-1957
Ramli Saadon
61
Non-Formal Education as Agent of Human Capital Development
Seri Syamsidatul Safrun Mohd Thani, Ahmad Rafaai Ayudin, Hafidzah binti Omar
67
Difficulties in Learning Programming: Views of Students
Siti Rosminah MD Derus, Ahmad Zamzuri Mohamad Ali
74
Relationships between Self Efficacy and Academic Cheating Behavior on Students in Faculty of
Psychology, Bandung Islamic University
Susandari, Endang Pudjiastuti, Shellia Erfiani
79
Engaging Controversial Issue in History Class through Critical Pedagogy
Tsabit Azinar Ahmad
81
Inculcation of Good Values through Community-Based Education in Putrajaya Intelligent City
Abdul Aziz Rahman, Jalaluddin Abdul Malek
89
iv
Application of Cultural Diversity Education in Ethnic Relations Subject: A Perspective
Ahmad Ali Bin Seman, Warti bt Kimi & Saipo bin Ayub
95
Poverty: an impediment to the education of the Nigerian Child
Dr. Charles C. Nnajieto
102
The Relationship of Culture, Leadership Integrity and it’s Achivement of La Salle’s Secondary
School in Malaysia
Jasmi bin Husin, Muhammad Hussin
107
Peranakan Chinese Leather Puppet Kelantan Malay Oral Tradition In Appreciation
Kharul Bariah Bt Haroen, Mohd Fazil bin Musa
119
Role of School to Develop Positive Attitude towards Science among the Secondary Students of
Bangladesh
Md. Ahmedul Azam, Zakia Haque Liza
124
Redefining Parental Partnership in Managing School
Moh. Syahrun Ibrahim
130
Culture Development of Social Science Education Study Program Yogyakarta State University
Muhsinatun Siasah Masruri
134
Development of Knowledge Workers for Malaysian Biotechnology Industry
Noraziyati Bazlin Binti Sheik Salem, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof
140
Entrepreneurial Intentions among Malaysian Undergraduates through Entrepreneurship Education
using Descriptive Statistics and SEM Methodology.
Parimala Rengiah, Ilham Sentosa
146
Teachers' Academic Qualification on Indonesia Teaching Program (Indonesia Mengajar): Do They
Holds the Bachelor’s Degree in Education?
Priadi Surya
155
Conflict in Improving the Quality of the School
Siti Irene Astuti D
160
Education for Disadvantaged Students in Sociocultural Contexts of Thailand
Thasaneeya Ratanaroutai Nopparatjamjomras, Suchai Nopparatjamjomras
165
Reproduction of Social Inequality among Schools
Tuti Budirahayu
168
Moving Forward; School Needs to be a Learning Organization
Zulystiawati
181
The Idea of Character Building: A History of Turkish Thought
Daya Negeri Wijaya
186
K.H. Ahmad Dahlan’s and Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Concepts of Education in the Perspective of
Character Education
Dyah Kumalasari
191
Elements of Islamic Education in the Shoot Uniformed Syllabus Cadet Unit School Youth (TKRS)
Ministry of Education Malaysia
Fazida binti Haji Othman
198
v
Adapting Uniqueness of Fables a Source Ecological Information
Suryadarma IGP
208
Islamic Arts: A Review of Human Development and Benefits towards Perfection
Ma’amor bin Yusoff, Ahmad Tarmizi bin Salleh
215
Sexual Education Comprehensive Approach by Islam
Mohd Puzi bin Othman, Mohamad Nor bin Haron
220
The Education at Islamic Bording Schools; Religious Humanism Perspective Study
Mukodi
227
Pedagogy Of Teaching Worship in Islamic Education
Nur Hanani Hussin, Mohd Aderi Che Noh, Ab. Halim Tamuri
234
Holistic Value Education to Develop Children's Character in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam Yogyakarta.
Rukiyati
241
Plagiarism: Its Causes and Approaches to Preventing it
Siti Mahripah
249
The Implementation of Humanism Leadership Values "Hasta Brata" in Education Perspective
Siti Supeni
254
Local, National, and Global Language in Classroom for Character Education: Enhancing
Graduates’ Competitive Ability
Sukarno
259
The Strategy of Religious Humanist Education in Schools
Supardi
265
The Top of Form Transmission & Internalization of Moral Based on Local Wisdom Through
School Culture
Syamsul Ma'arif
271
Developing Sociocultural Based English Material for Elementary Schools Student in Yogyakarta
Province
Ali Mustadi
279
Basic Training on Inclusive Education Practice: Different Story from Different School
Aryani Tri Wrastari, Wiwin Hendriani, Tino Leonardi
290
International Recognition on School Management-through Intergration With Occupational Safety
And Health (Osh) Management System
Azman Sah Sabali
296
Mothers’ Attitudes, Maternal Treatment Styles, Communication Competence and Deaf Children’s
Self-Esteem in Iran Deaf High Schools
Effat Hamed Sardar, Rusnani Abdul Kadir, Rohani Bt Ahmad Tarmiz, Maria Chong Bt
Abdullah
303
National Character Building through Multicultural Education
Farida Hanum
309
Personality Profile of Gifted Student
Fitri Andriani
315
vi
The Role of Headmasters as a Manager of Change in the Implementation of Standard Curicullum
for Primary Schools (SCPS) in Malaysia
Mahani Bt Md. Hashim, Jamallulail B. Abd Wahab
320
Individualized Education Program (IEP) in Inclusive Early Childhood Education
Martha Christianti
324
Multimedia Software (CD) Interactive: Game Art Contemporary Kompang
Mohamad Isa bin Ramlan
327
Historical Thinking Skills in Malaysian Integrated Secondary School Curriculum
Mohd Fauzi Ali, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, Ahmad Ali Seman
334
Application of Rational Choice Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior in The Multiethnic
Classroom Management towards Ethnic Tolerance in Malaysia
Mohd Richard Neles, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, Fazilah Idris
340
Inclusive Education in Surabaya's Primary Schools: Current Issues and Future Directions
Pramesti Pradna Paramita, Muryantinah Mulyo Handayani
348
Paradigm and Policy on Kindergarten Education: Multicase Study of Three Types of Kindergarten
Wawan S. Suherman
353
The Implemetation of Inclusive Education at Regular School: A Study Case at SDN Pela
Mampang 01 Pagi, Mampang Prapatan Jakarta Selatan
Yasinta Deka Widiatmi
359
Malaysia’s History Curriculum : Issues And Challenges
Zarina Mohd Hamid, Anuar Ahmad
346
Decision Support System's Model for Study Program Development at Colleges
Adrian
370
Comparative of Keigo in Japanese Language with Krama in Javanese Language
Anastasia Dewi Wulandari
377
Evaluating the Theaching Effectiveness of Vocational English at Vocational Secondary School
Estu Widodo
382
Developing a Model of Item Bank for Regional Final Exam in the Era of Regional Autonomy and
Decentralization
Heri Retnawati, Samsul Hadi
390
Research on Effect of Combining Inquiry Learning Cycle and Science Magic on Learning
Outcome in Friction for Eighth Grades
Jang-Long Lin, Po-Chen Lai, Hsiao-Wen Li, Ying-Chi Chan
395
"The Last, the least and the lost" Providing Access to Private Higher Education: The One La Salle
Schoolarship Fund Campaign Experience
Marco M. Polo
405
The Role of Administrators in the Schools of Aboriginal Students : A Case Study in the State of
Pahang, Malaysia
Norwaliza Abdul Wahab, Abdul Razak Ahmad, Zalizan Mohd Jelas, Wan Hasmah Wan Mamat,
Ramle Abdullah
411
vii
Teaching Evaluation based on Kaizen
Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati
418
Identifying a Problem of Biology Education Research; Preliminary Study of Research Skills
Participants of Professional Teacher Education Program
Rini Solihat, Nuryani Rustaman, Ari Widodo, Saefudin
424
Proposing a Model for Evaluating the Effective Factors on Collaboration of the Learning Groups in
Smart Schools (Case Study: Teachers’ View of the Smart High Schools in Tehran)
Shafiepour Motlagh, Farhad, Hossein Nazari
429
Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation of School Based Curriculum in Salatiga 2011/2012
Slameto
437
Comparative Study of the Application of Theacher Quality Standard and its Instruments
Sri Wening
445
Inventory Performance Measurement for Extra-Curricular Management Based on Policy
Assessment
Zalina Mohd Tahir, Norihan Abu Hassan, Nooraini Othman
450
Enhancing Students’ Level of Geometric Thinking through Van Hiele’s Phase-Based Learning:
Quantitative & Qualitative analyses
Abdul Halim Abdullah, Effandi Zakaria
458
Students’ Centred and Creativity of Teachers in Handling the Learning of History
Ahmad Ali Seman, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, Warti Kimi
469
The Improvement of Grade 1 Students’ Early Reading Skill at Mardi Putera Surabaya by using
PAKEM
Dewi Mayangsari, Endah Mastuti
476
Paradigm Shift on Educational Technology and its Posibilities for Transformative Action
Edi Subkhan
483
Digital Studio vs Conventional Studio in Teaching Architectural Design Process
Isham Shah Hassan, Mohd Arif Ismail, Ramlee Mustapha
491
Religious group: A Learning Media for Older Adults (Study of Experiential Learning Model for
Older Adults)
Made Dharmawan Rama Adhyatma
497
Inventive Skills Issues and Implementation
Masnaini, Kamisah Osman, Rian Vebrianto
503
Interactive Multimedia Application As Teaching Aids For Secondary School Teachers
Mohd Jasmy Abd Rahman, Mohd Arif Hj. Ismail, Abd Razaq Ahmad
508
Learning Strategies as Contributing Factors to Enhance Students’ Motivation in ESL Learning
Puteri Aini Megat Yusop, Abdul Razaq Ahmad
513
Augmented Reality (AR) Flash Cards for Children (ARFC)
Saayah binti Abu
529
Skills and Leadership Of History Teacher Towards Effective Learning
Selvam Sinnan & Abd Razak Ahmad
528
viii
The Infusion of Creative and Critical Thinking Skills in the Teaching of Short Stories.
Siti Salina Mustakim, Othman Lebar, Ghazali Mustapha
533
Who Benefits the Most from the Integration of Technology in Integral Calculus Lessons?
Tuan Salwani Awang @ Salleh, Effandi Zakaria
539
Communication Leadership Changes towards Excellent Organization
Zanariah @ Janariah Binti Mohd Tabiee, Mohd Izham Bin Mohd Hamzah
549
Current Issues on Education in Afghanistan
Bahman Rezaie, Mohammad Basir Qurbani
554
Reinventing Education Policy in Indonesia
Maya Mustika Kartika Sari
560
A Comparison between Democretic Leadership Behavior of Government Primary School Leaders
in Indonesia and Bangladesh
Shanta Akther Sheema
563
The Power of Informal and Reflective Learning of Adult in Workplace: Experience from College
Leadership
Sugito
568
Beyond Manpower Approach and Competency-Based Education for Indonesian Sustainability
Development
Tatang M. Amirin
573
Poverty and Education: A Reflection on the Current Educational Policies in Indonesia
Widya Kiswara
580
The Critical Thinking Skills Improvement through Character Building Course among Freshmen in
Universitas Indonesia
Wuri Prasetyawati
585
Role of Gender Knowledge in Teaching and Social Life: A Critical Review.
Tri Wahyuni Floriasti
589
The Association between Elementary School Students’ Epistemological Beliefs and Perceptions
toward Teaching Approaches in Predicting Study Process
Aryani Tri Wrastari
593
ix
241
HOLISTIC VALUE EDUCATION TO BUILD CHILDREN’S
CHARACTERS
IN SDIT ALAM NURUL ISLAM YOGYAKARTA
Rukiyati
Faculty of Education
Yogyakarta State University
ruki1961@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic holistic value education developed in SDIT Alam
Nurul Islam. This study employed qualitative- naturalistic method. The research subjects were the students,
principal, teachers, school staff, alumni, school founders, and students‟ parents. The research subjects were
selected using the snow ball sampling technique. The sample size was determined by the principle of information
saturation. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, document study, audio visual, and
field journals. The data credibility was enhanced through three types of triangulation: source, method, and
outcome. The data were analyzed through three stages of activities: data reduction, data display, and conclusion
drawing. The findings of the study can be concluded as follows. 1) The concept of education in SDIT Alam
Nurul Islam is Islamic education integrated with nature. 2) The students are made accustomed to interaction with
nature in order to be aware of and think about their existence as part of the nature that God has created so that
their awareness, feelings, and moral actions grow in the context of Allah‟s servants and leaders in the earth. 2)
The objective of Islamic value education is to develop characters of good people, scientists, and leaders. 3) The
curriculum is integrated and combined the national curriculum, nature school curriculum, and integrated Islamic
school curriculum. 4) The value education methods applied are varied, such as the example, dialog, game,
training or practice, and story-telling methods. 5) The interaction between teachers and students is
democratic/egalitarian and open, based on strong ukhuwah (brotherhood) and mutual respect.
Keywords: Islamic holistic value education, characters, SDIT Alam
1.
Introduction
The phenomena of moral degradation and
violence intensity indicate that education has not
fully succeeded in building students‟ characters in
order that they become good people. It might be
suspected that one reason is that value education
has not been comprehensive and holistic enough
and is still focused on indoctrination and cognition.
In fact, the goal of education is holistic and
comprehensive in nature in that it supports,
encourages, and facilitates the development of the
students to be whole human beings (Armstrong,
2006: 39); in practice, however, a lot of educational
activities do not lead to the attainment of such a
goal. Gutek (1988: 2-3) states that the formulation
of educational theories and practices in several
aspects are related to metaphysics, epistemology,
and axiology. The subjects, experiences, and skills
in the curriculum reflect the concepts of reality
believed by a particular community supporting the
existence of a school, a constituted knowledge
system, and believed values. Therefore, the
implementation of value education much depends
on the underlying philosophical perspective.
Value education is closely related to character
building. Kneller (1971: 29) states that “education
is widely regarded as a moral enterprise”. John
Dewey (1916: 216) proposes the relationship
between moral values and characters as follows:
“Morals concern nothing less than the whole
character, and the whole character is identical with
the man in all his concrete make-up and
manifestations”. It can be concluded that moral
values are reflected in human characters.
Kirschenbaum (1995: 57) states that value
education and or moral education has two
complementary goals, namely assisting learners to
lead to their satisfactory personal life and their
constructive social life. Thomas Lickona (1991: 2)
asserts that character education (which is the same
as value education) is an attempt to develop virtue
as a foundation of useful, meaningful, and
productive life and a foundation of a just,
affectionate, and advanced society. Further,
Lickona (2008: 1) argues that a good character has
three primary components, namely moral knowing,
moral feeling, moral action. Moral knowing
includes moral awareness, moral value recognition,
perspective, moral reasoning, decision making, and
self-knowledge.
Moral
feeling
comprises
conscience awareness, self-respect, empathy, love
242
of virtue, self-control, and modesty. Moral action
includes competency, good will, and habit.
Darmiyati Zuchdi (2010: 35) states that value
education needs a variety of approaches that
Kirschenbaum calls a comprehensive approach,
which is considered capable of providing solutions
to problems more thoroughly than a single
approach. The term „comprehensive‟ in value
education covers the content, method, process,
setting and evaluation of value education leading to
the integration of a variety of components.
By reasoning paradigms, value education can
be distinguished into two, namely secular and
holistic. Secular value education emphasizes more
on immanent aspects than transcendent ones. The
relation among human beings is emphasized more
but that between human beings and God does not
become the focus. As a result, secular value
education is not holistic. Its development does not
much lead to the formation of human beings as
religious beings (homo religious). It emphasizes
more on social values such as love and affection,
cooperation, trust, acceptance, joy, self-dignity,
respect for diversity, compromise, truth,
understanding of others, and respect (Hawley &
Hawley, 1975: 13). Lickona (1991: 67) states that
there are two important universal moral values,
namely respect and responsibility.
Matthew Davidson, et al. in Education Week,
November 2007, explain that the character role in
all types of school achievement, both the curricular
and non-curricular ones. The results of the study
concluded that a character consists of two main
components: performance character and moral
character. The performance character consists of all
values enabling one to attain the high actualization
of potentials in the workplace or classroom. The
moral character includes all values enabling one to
behave most ethically in the relationship with other
people and to play a role as a citizen. The
conclusion describes value education in a secular
paradigm.
On the other hand, a paradigm of value
education
incorporating
(Islamic)
religious
teachings is holistic in nature because it
acknowledges human beings as creatures
possessing the horizontal dimension attempting to
actualize their humanistic values and as creatures
possessing the vertical dimension obliged to make
efforts to actualize divine values in the self. Holistic
education comprises learners‟ intellectuality,
humanity, religiosity, and sociability aspects
(Rosyadi, 2004: 10). Mujamil Qomar (2005: 171)
states that Islam never confronts one type of
knowledge with another. Islam tries to
accommodate a variety of scientific approaches
with a variety of types of resulting knowledge.
Islam admits all types of scientific approaches and
the results because it views that all types of
knowledge come from Allah.
Islam wishes to develop al-akhlaqul karimah
(good moral conduct) in which the manifestation
patterns are to actualize the values of Iman (faith),
Islam (submission), and Ihsan (virtue). Iman
functions as an inner strength that guides one to be
close to God and to make muhasabah
(introspection) on what s/he will do, is doing, and
has done. In Al-Qur‟an there are a lot of good
values such as obligations to do virtue, keep
promises, be patient, be honest, obey Allah, give
alms in Allah‟s way, do justly, and apologize (QS.
Al-Baqarah (2): 177; QS. Al-Mukminun (23): 1-11;
QS. Al-Nur (24): 37; QS. Al-Furqan (25): 35-37;
QS. Al-Fath (48): 39 dan QS. Ali Imran (3): 134).
The obligation to respect good moral conduct
highly is emphasized in a hadith (saying) Prophet
Muhammad Saw told by Abdullah Ibn Amr: ”The
best among you is the one with the best moral
conduct” (HR. Tirmidzi) (Marzuki, 2009: 16). In
essence, human beings‟ good moral conduct is the
quality of self manifested on the basis of a belief in
God‟s oneness and a wish to live a good life by
conforming to God‟s rules as stated in Al-Quran
and the prophet‟s hadiths.
Specifically, in Islamic value education there
are a variety of methods to build learners‟
characters so that they become people with good
moral conduct or perfect people. Abdurrahman anNahlawi (1995: 204), whose thoughts are often
quoted by experts of Islamic education in Indonesia
(Nizar, 2002, Rosyadi, 2004, Nata, 2010),
specifically proposes seven educational methods in
Islam to attain the goal to be perfect people, i.e. 1)
education through the dialogic method based on Al
Qur‟an and hadiths, 2) education through stories
based on Al Qur‟an and hadiths, 3) education
through examples from Al Qur‟an and hatdiths, 4)
education through good examples, 5) education
through application and implementation of good
deeds, 6) education through ibrah (learning) and
advice, and 7) education through targhib
(something joyful) and tarhib (something scary).
In addition to such an opinion, Noeng
Muhadjir (2003: 164) proposes an alternative model
of moral value development through an
internalization process. Moral values are introduced
to learners by inviting them to participate in doing a
particular good moral deed, informing them of the
rationale, and making them actively participate in
defending such a moral deed. They also need to
develop their emotional sensitivity, conation, and
religious faith through internalization so that they
are sensitive to moral values in those three levels.
Because religious faith may increase or decrease,
internalization through rationale or other means is
expected to increase learners‟ moral and religious
faith.
A preliminary study in Sekolah Dasar Islam
Terpadu (SDIT) Alam Nurul Islam located in Dusun
Village, Nogotirto, Sleman, Yogyakarta leads to a
243
hypothesis that there is a practice of holistic and
comprehensive value education based on the
concept of Islamic education. This school is the
only nature-integrated school in Indonesia (as stated
by its founders) so that the conceptualization of the
educational philosophy that it designs is unique and
has innovative values in its praxis.
In relation to such a background, it is
necessary to study the philosophical concept of
holistic Islamic value education according to the
founders of and teachers in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
and practices of holistic Islamic value education
implemented in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam in terms of
the educational science perspective, with the
following problem formulation:
a. What is the concept of holistic Islamic value
education to build students‟ characters like
according to the founders of and teachers in
SDIT Alam Nurul Islam?
b. What are practices of holistic Islamic value
education like in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam?
c. What are the students‟ characters built by SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam like?
2.
Research Method
This was a naturalistic qualitative study with
the setting of SDIT Alam Nurul Islam located in
Mundung-Cambahan Village, Nogotirto, Gamping,
Sleman, Yogyakarta. The school was established in
April 2002 by referring to the Ciganjur School of
Nature pioneered by Lendo Novo, combined with
the concept of an integrated Islamic school.
The research subjects comprised students, the
principal, teachers, school staff, alumni, founders of
the school/members of the board, and students‟
parents. The research object was the phenomena of
holistic Islamic value education in the environment
of Nurul Islam elementary school, both inside and
outside the classrooms, indicated by the school
founders‟ attitudes, opinions, and perspectives, the
teachers‟ opinions, views, and behaviors, the
principal‟s and staff‟s attitudes, views, and
behaviors, the students‟ attitudes and behaviors, the
interaction among subjects in the school
environment, especially the interaction between the
principal and the students, the principal and the
teachers and other staff members, the interaction
between the teachers and the students in relation to
holistic Islamic value education, the students‟ views
and reasoning, the communication established
among the principal, the teachers, and the students,
the body language and gesture used, and the school
environment and atmosphere, all of which
constituted a whole and unity; these became the
data sources.
The data collecting techniques and
instruments could be explained as follows. The data
were those on the views of holistic Islamic value
education according to the figures in SDIT Alam
Nurul Islam (the founders, principal, and teachers)
and those on the goals of education in SDIT Alam
Nurul Islam. These data were collected through indepth interviews with the school founders,
foundation board members, and some senior
teachers and through documents.
The data on the school culture developed in
SDIT Alam Nurul Islam comprised the curriculum,
teacher-student interactions, methods, and media
for holistic Islamic value education. These data
were collected through in-depth interviews and
observations on the learning activities inside and
outside the classrooms and observations on the
school environment. Besides, the data were
collected through documents.
The data on the students‟ profiles and
characters were collected through observations and
in-depth interviews with the students and alumni as
well as the students‟ parents. The interviews were
conducted by referring to the interview guide. The
observations were conducted when the learning
activities were in progress. The results of the
observations were directly written down in the field
log book and directly recorded using a camcorder.
The data credibility in this study was
enhanced through source, method, and result
triangulations (Muhadjir, 2011: 170) (Alwasilah,
2003: 181-183). The source triangulation was
carried out by proposing the same questions to the
principal, teachers, students, and parents. Based on
the consistent answers from different subjects, the
collected data were valid. The method triangulation
was conducted by matching the data from the
interviews with those from the observations. If
there was a difference, the researcher directly asked
the research subjects so that the obtained data were
credible. The result triangulation was carried out by
asking the research subjects to read the draft of the
research results to check the truth. The data were
analyzed through a process of simultaneously
involving three activities, namely data reduction,
data display, and conclusion drawing/verification
(Miles & Huberman, 1992:15-21). As a framework,
a plan was made regarding the domains to be
revealed. The obtained data were written down on
small cards called data cards in order to categorize
and organize the data display.
3. Research Findings and Discussion
3.1. The Concept and Goal of Education
According to the School Founders and
Teachers
The idea to establish SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
is motivated by the fact that educational practices at
present are not implemented as they should be
because generally children become only the object
in education. The school becomes a burden for
them, not a comfortable place for learning. The
founders have a concern over such a condition and
intended to establish a comfortable school for
children, in which both the teachers and the
244
students become the subjects. The students can
have freedom to explore and create, are not
confined by closed classrooms, and enjoy school
activities.
Conceptually the school founders explain the
meaning of the nature-based school as follows:
“The children are really taught to understand
nature, that it is God‟s creation, not just a
reality as it is. The universe is a learning
centre; consequently the organization of the
rooms in the nature-based school is design to
function as a life laboratory. The benefit of the
universe refers to Al Quran, the surah of Ali
Imran 190-191: Inna fi khalqis samawati wal
ardh, wakhtilaafil laili wannahari la ayatil
liulil albaab. Alladziina yadzkuruunallaha
qiiyaama wa qu’uudawwa ‘alaa junuubihim
wayatafakkaruuna fii khalqis saamaamawati
wal ardh. The children are made accustomed
to having interaction with the universe,
viewing it as a God-praising reality. They
have interaction with the universe with their
intellectuality. The universe becomes a means
for the creatures to make devotion to God,
meaning that human beings are God‟s
servants. The moral attitude to build is the
awareness internalized in the self of the
children; Robbana maa khalaqta hadzaa
baathiila” (W/SI#11/30/04/2011).”
Therefore, the school teaches the children to
understand that the universe is God‟s creation as a
sign of His greatness. The universe is created by
God not without a purpose, but it is created for the
benefits of human beings as, among others, a
learning resource.
The notion of ”alam” is not limited to „nature‟
only, but it refers to „universe‟. It is not limited to
the visible nature but refers to the universe in a
broad meaning as God‟s creation. Understanding
the universe means placing the self as a servant
created by God with a mission of becoming a leader
in the earth who will be responsible to God for
his/her leadership. A responsible leader carries out
the mandate very carefully in the interaction with
other human beings and in treating the natural
environment (animals, plants, and other physical
environments). Life is not only in the world but also
in the hereafter.
The school culture is developed by providing
independence and freedom. The school does not
confine the students but lets them develop their
interests, creativity, and exploration as far as they
do not put themselves and others in danger. The
general goal of the school is stated in the school‟s
missions, namely developing the students to be
abdullah (God‟s servant) and khalifatullah (leader
in the earth). There are four missions, namely
guiding and assisting the learners to be people who
obey Allah and the Prophet (pious personality),
young scientists, leaders, and entrepreneurs. The
students‟ characters to be built are SIP (sholih,
ilmuwan and pemimpin, which literally mean piety,
scientific spirit, and leadership).
The founders view that each child is God‟s
servant who is unique and has always to be loved,
guided, assisted, and attended in order to grow to be
person with a whole personality with a balance
among intellectual, emotional, and spiritual
intelligences. One of the teachers states that: ”...
educating means giving children good examples
and guiding and assisting them with affection”.
The students and alumni give high
appreciation to the educational process and good
examples provided by the teachers. The alumni are
grateful that they can have basic education in SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam.
In relation to the learning process, the concept
applied is developing the joy of learning. The
school founders and managerial personnel state that
it is very important for the children‟s development.
The process is carried out by involving the physical
and social environments as learning resources with
a variety of activities inside and outside the
classrooms. The learning process involving the
direct interaction with the nature will make the
students enjoy learning and in the future the results
will be manifested in the learning culture. The
learning culture is not indicated by the students‟
academic scores but by the joy of learning and
exploring to understand the universe.
The learning of characters has become the
primary attention and focus since the school was
established up to the present. Long before the
government made the Character Education
Movement at school, the founders and teachers
have thought of the importance of characters in
formal education at school. The character building
starts from Islamic concepts or teachings adjusted
to the development in the modern era. Building
children‟s characters aims to prepare them as a
generation that builds the civilization to make
human life better and more civilized in accordance
with Islamic values. The process is carried out
through integration in a whole curriculum covering
the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects.
The school admits that preparing the students
in order to possess the characters of SIP (sholih,
ilmuwan and pemimpin, which literally mean piety,
scientific spirit, and leadership) is not easy. As
Moslems who follow the Prophet‟s hadiths, the
children need to be educated to be entrepreneurs. It
is realized that they need to be prepared since the
beginning. The human civilization can be designed
to be better if since the beginning the children as
the expected future generation receive strong
character education to support the mission of
developing civilization. The characters of SIP are
the elaboration of the concept of whole human
beings as stated in Islamic teachings.
245
3.2. The Curriculum of Holistic Value
Education in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
The curriculum of SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
refers to the school‟s missions to build students‟
characters of SIP (sholih, ilmuwan and pemimpin,
which literally mean piety, scientific spirit, and
leadership). The actualization of the potentials of
the students‟ intelligence is manifested in learning
activities emphasizing a balance of intellect,
emotion, and skill (activities involving the head,
heart and hand). The learning activities are
designed in such a way with a thematic curriculum
to make the children have whole understandings of
life phenomena. The integrated curriculum model
was initially learned by the founders and teachers
through internship in Sekolah Alam Ciganjur.
Because knowledge is essentially one and comes
from the One, there is no separation of knowledge.
Human beings make grouping and dichotomy of
sciences because of their limitation to understand
knowledge from Allah.
The school tries to integrate Islamic values
into the general subjects in order that the students
acquire whole understanding and understanding of
the universe. The general subjects refer to the
national curriculum in accordance with the
standards set by the Ministry of Education and
Culture. Besides incorporating Islamic values
designed to be integrated into the main subjects in
the elementary school, the curriculum of SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam also provides some subjects as
the characteristics of an integrated Islamic school,
namely Qiroati (Al Quran reading and writing),
Arabic, Al-Islam, women‟s matters (for female
students), and religious obedience practices.
As a nature-based school, SDIT Alam Nurul
Islam has a specific curriculum, consisting of the
learning
activities
in:
Class
Opening,
Outbound/Scouting,
Field
Trip
(Outing),
Entrepreneurship Practice (Market Day), and
Nature Managing Practice. The nature-based
curriculum is continuously evaluated, maintained,
and developed in its implementation so that it
becomes the characteristic of SDIT Alam Nurul
Islam.
3.3. The Methods of Value Education in SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam
Value education in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
employs a variety of methods in order that the
students understand and internalize characters more
easily to be inherent in the self. The methods
include
the
example,
dialog,
practice,
game/simulation, competition, and story-telling
methods.
The example method is applied by making
the teachers and the school‟s managerial personnel
good examples for the students. Good examples are
demonstrated through a variety of techniques, such
as the teachers‟ and principal‟s early presence at
school. They ready by the gate at 7 a.m. and even
the principal arrives at school earlier at around 6
a.m. The coming students are greeted with a
handshake. The principal caress the students‟ heads,
greet them, and communicate with them in a soft
voice. The teachers wash their own plates and
glasses in the dish washing area after the lunch,
together with the students so that the students can
see that their teachers also do the same thing as they
do.
Value
education
requires
rational
understandings and value clarification so that the
students do not feel that the inculcated values are
something forceful in nature (Simon, et al., 1978: 23). Therefore, a dialog becomes a method applied in
SDIT Alam Nurul Islam. While sitting around on
the floor, the teachers first raise questions such as:
“Today, who will share experiences first?”,
“Yesterday, who said prayers five times”, “During
the last vacation, where did you go?” With such
questions, a lot of students give responses and tell
their experiences. Even some brave and extrovert
students tell their dreams in the dialog session so
that their friends laugh because some of the dreams
are unusual. For the shy students, usually the
teachers ask them to tell their experiences.
The self-practice or training method is applied
everyday in relation with the implementation of
spiritual values in the students, manifested in saying
prayers together reading Al Quran and Qiroati,
memorizing 30 sections of Al Quran, memorizing
prayers, practicing preaching or kultum (a sevenminute lecture), and practicing muhasabah (selfreflection). In addition, there are practices to
develop leadership spirit inside and outside the
classrooms (outbound). The leadership training in
the classroom is carried out by giving responsibility
to each student in turn everyday to be the leader of
the Dhuha prayer and the collective prayers, the
leader of the prayers in the classrooms, and a
person in charge of cleaning the classroom.
The outbound activity is a form of the learning
of leadership and management behaviors in the
open nature with a unique and simple but effective
approach because this is not focused on theories but
on direct application related to basic values in daily
life such as mutual trust, honesty, mutual care,
mutual
help,
creativity,
proactivity,
and
communication.
The entrepreneurship training becomes a
custom in SDIT Alam Nurul Islam through the
”Market Day” activity each Wednesday as the
application of the Prophet‟s hadith stating that one
of the nine ways to earn a living is trade. The values
to be inculcated are to train the students to be
willing to take a risk. The students sell snacks and
drinks, toys, stationery, and hand-made toys and
perform plays.
The nature-cultivating training is conducted
by learning to plant trees, raise animals, make
246
compost, grow vegetables in used plastic bottles,
etc. In essence these aim to make the students
realize God‟s greatness by making themselves close
to nature and maintaining its sustainability. The
students are trained to be responsible for other
living creatures‟ sustainability; to do so they get an
assignment of taking care of animals under their
responsibility.
The young scientist training is carried out
through a variety of activities that stimulate the
students‟ reasoning power and creativity to find out
a scientific truth in the object they find or study.
The school emphasizes education for life skills and
the principle of learning by doing as proposed by
John Dewey. One of Grade IV teachers states:
“Once I taught Social Studies...about
occupations. I asked the students to carry out a
survey around the village together on
occupations. They collected data on the head
of the family, the number of people, the
occupation, and the expense in detail... I
developed their understanding of statistics
especially, but I did not tell them about
statistics but a census. To investigate a
community such a way could be applied. They
knew that “oh, this is a survey” through
learning by doing and they were happy.”
(W/SI#9/3010/2010).
The school employs a variety of learning
media such as those from the school environment
(soil, rivers, trees, and animals), movies, programs
for mathematics through the computer, internet, life
of the community around the school, and science
laboratory. The students are trained to conduct
experiments and also learn outside the school called
outing. The aim is that they can visit museums,
temples, craft industry centers like Kasongan, and
dairy cow raising centers in order to obtain direct
experiences which will enrich their scientific
insights.
The game method, besides in the outbound
activities, is also applied in the English and Arabic
subjects. A pictured card game containing Islamic
teachings in English and Arabic becomes media for
the students to learn vocabulary and sentences in
English and Arabic and simultaneously to learn
Islamic values which become the contents. Dramas
with Islamic themes are also performed and there is
a Ramadhan-welcoming parade supported by all the
students and teachers.
The story telling method is often employed
both inside and outside the classrooms. The
teachers often tell stories of good examples from
the Prophet and his close friends and those of
successful people at present that can serve as good
examples. After telling the stories, the teachers
open dialogs to give the students opportunities to
express their opinions and reflections.
3.4. The
Children’s
Performances
and
Characters Built by SDIT Alam Nurul
Islam
The students SDIT Alam Nurul Islam
represents the profiles of the children who are openminded, have great curiosity, and are brave to ask
questions and express opinions. The teachers also
state that the students are cheerful children, like to
make friends, get acquainted with adults easily, are
not clumsy or shy, and are always active and noisy
but keep conforming to the rules and regulations.
The students very much enjoy learning in SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam with several reasons; there are
outbound activities, the teachers are kind, they are
willing to play soccer, there are a lot of outdoor
activities, there are a lot of trees, there is a wide
yard, the learning activities are carried out on the
floor, and so on.
In terms of the cognitive aspect, it is revealed
that the students‟ moral knowing is good. Although
they are still children, the students can think
logically about the matters related to vice and
virtue. In terms of the inculcation of religious
values to build children‟s characters, education has
been successfully implemented, indicated by the
reflection of pious characters in daily life and by
the students‟ enthusiasm when they are saying their
collective prayers and reading Al-Maksurah in the
classrooms every day. The prayers are in order,
serious, and not playful. The memorization of short
surahs in Section 30 of Al Quran is carried out in a
relaxing manner, but they are serious. Besides,
there are also activities leading to the growth of
social piety by involving the students in the
distribution of the sacrifice meat and the Ramadhan
alms to the community around the school.
The appreciation of the values of leadership,
autonomy, cooperation, and creativity, which are
the objectives of the outbound learning, have been
inculcated in the children‟s self, although they do
not know much about the real objectives of the
outbound activities.
The alumni perform themselves as people who
are pious, autonomous and creative, and love
nature. They manifest the pious values by
consistently carrying out compulsory religious
activities such as saying prayers five times a day
and fasting during Ramadhan although they do not
do voluntary religious activities such as fasting on
Monday and Thursday which the school formally
advised due to being busy with the school that takes
much time and the circle of friends not supportive
enough.
The scientific values have been inculcated and
manifested in the alumni, indicated by their
academic achievement in junior high schools
(JHSs) and senior high schools (SHSs) so that they
can continue their study to SHSs/Islamic SHSs and
higher education institutions with a lot of
prospective students and tight competition. The
247
alumni show the values of leadership through
activities in a variety of school and socio-religious
organizations, such as scouting, Islamic spirituality,
mosque youth study groups, and entrepreneurship
groups. The values of entrepreneurship are
manifested by a male alumnus who has a business
group in collaboration with his JHS friends SMP
and a female alumnus who sells veils and intends to
be a successful entrepreneur and motivator. The
values of bravery and love of nature are also
reflected by an alumnus who likes outdoor
activities such as mountain climbing, hiking, and
scouting activities. They really have absorbed the
outbound spirit. The alumni also show themselves
as people with clear life destinations both in the
world and in the hereafter.
4.
Conclusions
The concept of holistic value education
according to the founders of and teachers in SDIT
Alam Nurul Islam is based on the ontological
foundation regarding the existence of human beings
as abdullah (Allah‟s servants) and khalifatullah
(leaders in the earth). The goal of education is to
build a young generation capable of holding the
position catering for humanity to develop an
advanced civilization. The school‟s mission is to
build children with the characters of SIP (sholih,
ilmuwan and pemimpin, which literally mean piety,
scientific spirit, and leadership).
The implemented curriculum is an integrated
one as a result of the integration of the nature-based
curriculum, the national curriculum, and the
integrated Islamic school curriculum. Islamic
values come from Al Quran and the Prophet‟s
hadiths, integrated with scientific values in modern
sciences through holistic thematic learning.
Although at a glance the curriculum is very
compact, in practice the students enjoy the learning
activities because the school tries to create the joy
of learning through the strategy of learning by
doing and the student-centered learning,
characterized by active, creative, and joyful
learning.
The value education methods applied are
varied, such as the example, dialog, game, training
or practice, and story-telling methods. The training
or practice method is the method mostly used in
SDIT Alam Nurul Islam. The students‟ characters
have led to positive attitudes and behaviors in
accordance with Islamic values. The characters of
pious people, scientists, and leaders begin to
develop among the students and alumni.
The practice of value education in SDIT Alam
Nurul Islam can be a reference for further thoughts
for teachers and educational experts regarding the
concept and practice of value education in
Indonesia, related to the implementation of the
concept of learning in nature and understanding the
nature of life, an integrated life, teachers‟
behavioral examples, acceptance, and affection in
educating the students, and the application of a
variety of value education methods.
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