Thermodynamics
the study of energy transformations and
transfer
THREE QUESTIONS to be addressed:
1. Will a reaction occur when two substances
are mixed together?
2. What energy changes are associated with a
spontaneous reaction?
3. What concentration of reactants and
products will be established at equilibrium?
surroundings
system
energy transfer
energy transformations
In chemistry the system will be
a chemical or physical change.
Laws of Thermodynamics
• 1st - the total amount of energy in
the universe is constant (energy is
conserved)
• 2nd - in any spontaneous change the
entropy of the universe increases
• 3rd - the entropy of any pure,
perfect crystalline solid at absolute
zero is equal to zero
Thermodynamic quantities
• Entropy
• Enthalpy
• Free Energy
• Relate to the Equilibrium Constant