FACE PRESENTATION • DIGNOSTIC LANDMARKS-EYES,NOSE MOUTH AND CHIN • POSITION-MENTO ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR,MENTO TRANSVERSE • MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES-FETUS IS DEAD OR ALIVES WITH ANOMALIES INCOMPATABLE WITH LIFE,ALLOW VAGINAL DELIVERY • MENTO ANTERIOR ,R/O FPD FACE PRESENTATION AND BROW IF LABOUR IS PROGRESSING WELL MENTO POSTERIOR- C/S BROW -NORMALLY INCOMPATABLE WITH VAGINAL DELIVERY DIAGNOSTIC LANDMARKS-ROOT OF THE NOSE,SUPRAORBITAL RIDGES,ANTERIOR FONTANEL MANAGEMENT - CESARIAN SECTION SHOULDER PRESENTATION • DIAGNOSTIC LANDMARKS • UTERUS IS ENLARGED TRANSVERSLY AND SHORTENED VERTICALLY • EMPTINESS AT THE LOWER POLE • ON PV PALPABLE CLAVICLE ,RIBS ARM PROLAPSE MANAGEMENT • WITH FETUS ALIVE –C/SECTION • WITH FETUS DEAD-DESTRUCTIVE OPERATION,OR C/S • COMPOUND PRESENTAION • PROLAPSE OF ONE OR MORE LIMBS IN CEPHALIC PRESENTATION • PROLAPSE OF HAND OR ARM IN BREECH PRESEENTATION COMPOUND PRESENTATION • PUSH THE HAND ABOVE THE FETAL HEAD • ARM MAY BE DIFFICULT TO REPLACE AND CESARIAN SECTION MAY BE NECESSARY • MALPOSITION • INCORRECT POSITIONING OF THE VERTEX • OCCIPITO POSTERIOR POSITION • PERSISTENT O.P.P 0CCIPITO POSTERIOR POSITION • • • • • DIAGNOSIS PALPATION AUSCULTATION VAGINAL EXAMINATION LONG ROTATION-135° --OCCIPITO ANTERIORSVD EXPECTED • SHORT ROTATION- 45°--FACE TO PUBIS—AVD OR C/SECTION MALPRESENTATION ANY PRESENTATION OTHER THAN THE NORMAL VERTEX OF THE FETAL HEAD MALPRESENTAION • • • • • FACE BROW SHOULDER BREECH COMPOUND CAUSES OF MALPRENTATION • • • • • HIGH PARITY PREMATURITY FETAL ANOMALIES POLYHYDRAMNIOS MILD CPD BREECH PRESENTATION WHEN THE BUTTOCKS AND/OR THE FEET ARE THE PRESENTING PARTS THE COMMONEST MALPRESENTATION HAS HIGHER PERINATAL MORTALITY AND MORBIDTY CAUSES OF BREECH PRESENTATIONPREMATURITY,MULTIPLE PREGNANCY,FETAL MALFORMATION,HYDRAMNIOUS CLASSIFICATION AND RISKS • • • • COMPLETE FRANK FOOTLING INTRAPARTUM RISK TO THE FETUS-CORD ACCIDENTS,FRACTURE AND DISLOCATION OF LIMBS,DAMAGE TO INTRA-ABDOMINAL ORGANS,INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE,DAMAGE TO THE CERVICAL SPINE AND BRACHIAL PLEXUS MANAGEMENT • UNCOMPLICATED BREECH • ELECTIVE C/S? • PLANNED VAGINAL DELIVERY? FRANK BREECH • C0MPLETE BREECH • FOOTLING VAGINAL DELIVERY • KEEP MEMBRANES INTACT AS LONG AS POSSIBLE • BREECH IS SMALLER THAN THE AFTER COMING HEAD • BEFORE BEARING DOWN THE CERVIX MUST BE FULLY DILATED • LET THE BREECH DESCEND TO THE PERINEUM ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS • ANTERIOR BUTTOCKS BEGIN TO DISTEND PERINEUM- ACTION? THEN POSTERIOR BUTTOCKS- ACTION? • HIPS –LEGS FLEXED- ACTION? • HIPS- LEGS EXTENDED-ACTION? • UMBILICUS- ACTION? • SCAPULA- ACTION? • NAPE OF THE NECK-ACTION? SPECIAL MANOEUVRES • • • • • • PINARDS MAURICEAU-SMELLIE-VEIT LØVESET PRAGUE REVERSE PRAGUE FORCEPS Complications of breech delivery • EXTENDED ARMS • NUCHAL ARM • OCCIPUT POSTERIOR OF THE AFTERCOMING HEAD • HEAD ENTRAPMENT BY INCOMPLETELY DILATED CERVIX BREACH EXTRACTION • IS THERE A PLACE FOR BREECH EXTRACTION?