Offender
Behavior Programs
in English Prison
GAVIN （YE, GANG） | February 2012
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Acknowledgements
Kathy Williams
Mel Lloyd-Smith
Lisa Anthony
CLL staff
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1. Research Background
2. Quick Fact of OBPs
3. Features of OBPs
4. Enlightenment
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1. Research Background
1.1 Prison Reform
Does Prison work?
and What works?
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(socialist review ,1926)
Reformers should be not to
reform the prison system, but
to abolish it…
Thirty years ago the prison
population was 30,000. Today
Fenner Brockway
it is 10,000.
British politician
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“What works?—questions and answers
about prison reform”(Martinson, 1974)
analyzed 231 studies of programs from
1945 to 1967
Conclusion: Noting Works
(David B. Taylor, 2005)
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From Noting Works
to What Works
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1. Research Background
1.2 Offender Behavior Programs
(OBPs)
OBPs is a series of activities aimed at
working with offenders to reduce
reoffending, by changing the way
offenders think. (MOJ)
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1. Research Background
1.3 English Prison System
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MOJ
NOMS
HMPS
NPS
……
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123 prisons
Prison
population:
85,083
(30/01/15)
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2. OBPs in English Prison
HMPS have been running
accredited OBPs since the early
1990s, and has achieved a great
deal.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.1 Categories
43 accredited programs:
Domestic Violence
General Offending
Sex Offending
Substance Misuse
Violence
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Cate. 1: Domestic Violence (2)
aim to reduce violent behavior in intimate
relationships.
Building Better Relationships(BBR)
Healthy Relationship Programme(HRP)
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Cate. 2: General Offending (11)
consist of a range of interventions based on
life skills acquisition and CBT. They are
designed to address the link between thinking,
attitudes, beliefs and offending.
Belief in Change
Cognitive Skills Booster(CSB)
Democratic Therapeutic Community(DTC)
Enhanced Thinking Skills(ETS)
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Cate. 3: Sex Offending (8)
Aim to reduce offending by adult male sex
offenders.
Core Programme(CP)
Extended Programme(EP)
Healthy Sexual Functioning(HSF)
Rolling Programme(RP)
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Cate. 4: Substance Misuse (16)
are designed to address the link between
substance use and offending.
Prisons Addressing Substance Related
Offending(P-ASRO)
P-ASRO for Women
Short Duration Programme(SDP)
Building Skills for Recovery(BSR)
FOCUS
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Cate. 5: Violence (6)
The programs also target associated and
contributory risk factors including weapons
and peer/gang related behaviors as well as
work on identity.
Aggression Replacement Training(ART)
Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage
it(CALM)
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.2 Amount and Structure
From 2009/10, MOJ issued its accredited
programs annually.
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Accredited program starts and completions
delivered in prison
between 2009/10 and 2013/14
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Accredited program starts and completions
delivered in prison by cate.
between 2009/10 and 2013/14
DV
GO
SO
SM
V
DV
GO
SO
SM
V
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
As a therapeutic community(TC),
Prison Grendon got more
exciting achievements in
the field of offender
treatment.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
Grendon prison was opened in 1962 as an
“experimental prison,” originally structured
more like a psychiatric hospital, in the
eighties, control was passed to a Governor.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
Currently Grendon can house up to 238
residents, with six wings.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
Inmates are received from prisons only, and
after be assessed, will be allocated to one of
the wings, where they might stay for up to
eighteen months or more.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
Genders and Player characterise the therapy
as "social analysis", which combines a
mixture of frank behavioral and
conditioning elements of therapy with
social skills and modelling, cognitive and
more psychodynamic elements.
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2. OBPs in English Prison
2.3 A Special Example: Grendon
There are many follow-up studies about it.
The results mostly can be concluded that,
those who stayed longer in therapy at
Grendon tended to do better.
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3. Features of OBPs
All of those programs shaped gradually,
and showed four characters.
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3. Features of OBPs
3.1 Based on sound theories
Cognitive Behavior Theory (CBT)
Social Learning Theory
Life Skills Acquisition
Neuro-Cognition
Desistance
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3. Features of OBPs
3.2 Focus on high risk offenders
The average annual overall cost of a
prison place in England and Wales for
2012-13 was £36,808. This has fallen since
2008-09 from £45,000
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3. Features of OBPs
3.2 Focus on high risk offenders
According to principles of RNR, English
prisons use the OASys to assess offenders
and identify who are in high risk, then
give priority services to them.
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3. Features of OBPs
3.3 Resource Integration
United management. NOMS can
coordinate the development and delivery
of all programs across prisons and
communities.
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3. Features of OBPs
3.3 Resource Integration
Introduction of social resources. NHS,
Universities and institutions, some
charities are widely involved in OBPs.
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Rehabilitation of
Addicted Prisoners
Trust
(RAPt)
Based on London
provides its 12-step
programs in 14
prisons
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3. Features of OBPs
3.3 Resource Integration
Promote connection of programs.
Correction is sometimes a relay
movement. If a high-risk offender
participated in some programs in prison,
he will get aftercare and support from the
communities after released.
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3. Features of OBPs
3.4 Accredited and evaluated
Accredited is implemented by CSAP.
Accredited results are divided into four
grades:
Accredited， Recognised,
Promising and No Further Review.
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4. Enlightenment to Shanghai
English prison has accumulated rich
experience in OBPs, however, are facing
some difficult, such as, reduction of budgets,
and poor record of reoffending–46% of
adults are reconvicted within one year of
release.
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4. Enlightenment to Shanghai
4.1 Developing assessment tool
To rehabilitate prisoners, you must
acquire their risk and needs, and so on,
you must rely on an accurate assessment
tool.
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4. Enlightenment to Shanghai
4.2 Exploring program management
In order to make the programs run in a
long-term steady way, development,
implementation, coordination,
monitoring and evaluation, each link of
programs is important.
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4. Enlightenment to Shanghai
4.3 Starting from CBT programs
According to the literature, those
programs based on CBT have obvious and
wide effect. Therefore, we can step by
step, from easy to difficult, developing
some CBT programs firstly.
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4. Enlightenment to Shanghai
4.4 Integrating various resources
It is important to integrate all kinds of
resources to promote treatment programs
effectively. We could determine some
experimental units and assign some
experienced staff, and to do more
exploration.
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THANK YOU FOR
APPRECIATION
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