The Chemistry of Life
Chapter Two
--Matter=
--Element=
-CHNOPS
--Periodic Table
--Atom=
-Compound=
-Molecule=
-Sub-atomic particles:
Protons=
Neutrons=
Electrons=
-Atomic Number=
-Atomic Structure:
-Nucleus=
-Energy Shell=
-Orbital=
-Octet Rule=
Why atoms form Chemical Bonds?
How do atoms form Chemical Bonds?
Chemical Bond Types:
1. Ionic Bond:
-Ion=
-electron donor (oxidation)=
-electron acceptor (reduction)=
-Ionic Bond=
-Example: Sodium Choloride
2. Covalent Bond=
-single bond=
-double bond=
-electronegativety=
-Nonpolar Covalent Bond=
-Polar Covalent Bond=
3. Hydrogen Bond=
Water
--Composed of…
--components held together by--water molecules are held in
mass by -Water is a Universal Solvent / Solution=
-Solvent=
-Solute=
--Hydration Shells=
-Hydrophobic=
-Hydrophilic=
--Less Dense as a solid=
--High heat capacity=
--High heat of vaporization=
--adhesion=
--cohesion=
--surface tension=
--capillary action=
Acids/Bases/pH Scale
--Ionization of Water=
--equal # of H and OH ions.
--Acid=releases excess H ions.
=increases the H ion
concentration.
--Base=releases excess OH ions.
-forms water
--(absorbs H ions) = How an
antacid like “TUMS” works.
--pH Scale= (1-14)