Bell Work:

What are the 3 main religions emerging
from Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
1483-1546
From Germany, son of a copper miner
 Lightning storm
 1505- entered a monastery
 1507- became an ordained priest
 1512- became a professor of theology at
the University of Wittenberg.
 Struggled with anxiety over his salvation

– “He who through faith is righteous shall live”
– Began to disagree with Catholic Church
Luther’s Teachings

-What Luther wanted to change:
– No Indulgences
– No Confession
– No Pilgrimages
– No Prayers to saints
– Simplify ritual of the mass, instead focus on
sermon
– Clergy should be able to marry
The English Reformation
King Henry VIII
What role did Henry
VIII play in the
Protestant
Reformation?
 He made England a
Protestant country
to fulfill his own
agenda; not for
religious reasons!

Henry VIII
B. 1491 – D. 1547
 Tudor
Dynasty
– Henry VII
– Henry VIII
– Edward VI
– Lady Jane Grey
– Mary I
– Elizabeth I
Became king in 1509;
18 yrs old
 His brother Arthur
died in 1502 at age
15
 Arthur had been
married to the
Spanish princess
Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon
Daughter of King
Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain
 Married Henry VIII in
1509; what about Arthur?
 20 year marriage
 Suffered 4 miscarriages
and several stillbirths
 Only 1 child lives-Mary (b.
1516)

“The King’s Great Matter”
 Henry
VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine
was not able to have any more children
 Why not just get a divorce?
 Henry asked for an annulment based on
Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus)
 The pope refused to grant it. Why? The
Holy Roman Emperor was Charles
V…Catherine’s nephew.
“The King’s Great Matter”
 Affair
– Anne Boleyn
 1529 – Henry VIII calls Parliament into
session; they passed laws ending the
pope’s power in England.
 1534 – Act of Supremacy
– Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of
England (Anglican Church).
 Irony:
Henry VIII had earned the title
“Defender of the Faith” from the pope.
Anne Boleyn
 Anne
becomes pregnant
with Henry’s child
(1532)
 But…he’s still married to
Catherine.
 Parliament legalizes his
divorce in 1533.
Anne Boleyn
 1533-
H8 marries Anne Boleyn and she
gives birth to their child
–Another girl: Elizabeth
–Anne suffers 2 miscarriages
 Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery;
imprisoned and later beheaded by sword in
1536. The charges against her were false!
Tower of London
Dissolution of the
Monasteries
 1536-1539:
H8 closed all English
monasteries and seized wealth and
land.
 Catholic Church owned 20% of all
land in England.
 Greatly increased Henry’s wealth.
 Led to massive poverty among
monks and nuns.
MAIN IDEA:
 Even
though Henry VIII makes
England Protestant, it’s only for
political and personal reasons, not
religious ones.
 Doesn’t actually change any
church practices or doctrines.
Jane Seymour
Henry married Jane
Seymour 10 days after
Anne’s execution.
 She gave birth to his
only son, Prince
Edward in 1537, but
died 12 days later.
 Henry wanted more
sons as insurance.

Anne of Cleves
 Married
Henry in
1540.
 “Flanders mare”
 Brief marriage
was annulled.
 Why? No
chemistry.
Katherine Howard
Married Henry in
1540.
 He was 49; she
was 19.
 She had affairs;
was beheaded in
1542.

Katherine Parr
Married Henry in
1543.
 She was a widow; she
outlived Henry and
remarried after his
death.
 Kind stepmother.
Compared to his 1st
wife.

King Edward VI
When H8 died in 1547, his only
son became king.
 Edward was only 9.
 Govt. was run by Protestant
advisors.
 Died in 1553 at the age of 15.
(TB)
 His advisors picked his cousin,
Jane Grey to succeed him.
The “9 days queen”

Queen Mary I
 R.
1553-1558
 Known in history as
“Bloody Mary”
 Repealed everything
Protestant.
 Turned England back
to Catholicism.
 Passed Heresy Actkilled 300 Protestants
during her reign.
Mary and Philip II






Married Philip in 1554. She was 38; he was 27
One-sided love/attraction
Marriage was protested by many in England who
didn’t want their country to simply become a
satellite territory of Spain.
Suffered a “phantom pregnancy” in 1555.
Imprisoned Elizabeth but would not sign her death
warrant.
Throne passes to Elizabeth in 1558.
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Glorified as strongest female monarch in
England’s history.
 “Good Queen Bess”
 Known for being tolerant and moderate in
religious issues.
 Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict.
 Her changes lasted-The Church of England
(Anglican Church) is still in place today with the
same policies she established.

Elizabeth I
Elizabeth was 25 when crowned Queen.
 Immediately pressured by her Council to
marry and produce an heir.
 She never does…the Tudor dynasty ends
and the Stuart dynasty begins with her
death in 1603.

– Why not?
The Virgin Queen?
 Greatest accomplishments: Defeat of the
Spanish Armada in 1588; England’s
