1. Reason; revolutions
2. Just know the names – there won’t be any specific questions about individual philosophers on
the final
3. 1st Estate – clergy
2nd Estate – nobles
3rd Estate – everyone else (bourgeoisie, peasants, urban workers)
4. Economic problems, weak leadership, Enlightenment ideas, and resentment of the third estate
over their unequal status in society.
5. A vow by members of the National Assembly to “never separate” until they had written a new
constitution for France. (Taken on an indoor tennis court)
6. The storming of the Bastille
7. Guillotine
8. Napoleon
9. Corsica; Elba; St. Helena
10. Napoleon’s policy of blocking Great Britain from trading with the rest of Europe.
11. Russia
12. Scorched-earth
13. Waterloo
14. King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
15. Napoleon
16. Nationalism
17. Textile
18. Steam engine
19. Mass movement from the countryside to cities.
20. Working class; KARL MARX
21. Imperialism
22. Africa
23. -Economic benefit – to gain natural resources and labor from colonies
-Military/National Goals – to gain naval bases and become more prestigious by having a large
empire
-Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest – ok to conquer these races because they are inferior
-Humanitarian Goals – spread western advances (technology, hospitals, schools, democracy)
24. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism