PSYSCHO‐SOCIAL PR
ROFILE OF NEWLY REELEASED PPRISON INM
MATES 1/ Po
ost‐release sh
hock and disorientation (noo fixed bearin
ngs) 2/ Lack of Continu
uity/follow through (flaky bbehavior) 3/ Su
uppressed hosstility (seethin
ng rage and uundifferentiatted hate) 4/ Lethargy: often
n extreme soccial withdraw al and psycho
ological deniaal 5/ Deep‐based de
e
pression (freq
quently chronnic) resulting in maladaptiive behavior
6/ Financially desstitute with a growing sensse of anxiety and desperattion 7/ Faalse expectations and illusions on a mu ltitude of perrsonal and so
ocial levels 8/ In
ntense range o
of fears: perssonal failure, ssocial and vo
ocational rejecction, etc… 9/ Severe alienatio
e
on (man from
m Mars0: ofteen intense, lon
ng‐term sociaal isolation 10/ Cu
ultural Shock: cannot relate or adapt too social change and new teempo of life 11/ Po
oor to non‐exxistent proble
em‐solving annd conflict ressolution skillss 12/ En
ngulfed in the
e prison value system: kinddness is weakkness 13/ Pe
ersonal and cu
ultural inferio
ority complexx (“branded a nd banished””) 14/ Co
ompilsive neu
urotic behavio
or: minimal sttability (addicctive mentalitty) 15/ Hu
unger for instant gratification: “ All I waant is EVERYTTHING NOW” 17/ Po
oor self‐esteem/hungry forr approval (offten actively resistant to d
disapproval)
18/ Co
ompulsive drivve to “catch u
up and catch back”: extrem
me impatiencce 19/ Co
onfused and ffrustrated sexxual roles, vallues and iden
ntities 20/ Em
motionally and perceptuallly distorted vview of self an
nd others 21/ Lim
mited employyment related
d skills and ouut of touch with current m
market needs
22/ Fre
equently disp
playing self‐de
estructive atttitudes and acctions (“bad aattitude”) 23/ Fo
orceful, aggressive responsses to ego‐thrreatening occcurrences 24/ A ffragile, vulnerable grip on life itself! www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu PR
REDICTABLLE STAGES OF POST_RELEASE A
ADAPTATIO
ON 1‐2 weeks 1
Multilevel shoock, grief & m
mental disarraay! 3‐6 weeks 3
Lost in densee fog: numb, p
passive attitude 7‐12 weeks 7
Bouncing off the walls: higgh stress leveel 3‐6 months 3
ustrated Body out, minnd in; very fru
6‐12 months 6
Daily life on aa runaway rolller‐coaster 12‐18 months
1
s Just hanging J
on; sick of beeing out of co
ontrol 18‐24 months
1
s Building a ho use of cards: a fragile construct 24‐30 months
2
s Finally free, nnow what? W
What source of power? 30‐36 months
3
s Hungry for prrogress, but ffearful and un
ncertain 36‐42 months
3
s Three year itc
T
ch: another m
major turning point 42‐48 months
4
s Leap of faith…
…a fresh com
mmitment to tthe future 48‐54 months
4
s Building & fo cusing on thee vision: faith essential 54‐60 months
5
s Steady progre
S
ess/taking co
ontrol: apply d
discipline 60 months for
6
rward Begin shift froom mere survvival to qualitty of life. www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu CHILDREN AND
D FAMILIESS OF PRISO
ONERS: BEST PRACTIICES Sister Suzanne Jabro, C
CSJ Founder aand Executive
e Director of tthe Center for Restorativee Justice Workks October 2
29, 2010 Introducin
ng the topic: Katelynn Daltton and Elke D’Haeyer School of Theology and
d Ministry 1. Sttatistics & Challenges 
US Demograph
hics o
1.7 million children had a parentt in prison or jail in 2007, aan 82% increaase since 199
91.1 o
1/43 A
American Children o

1/15 Black Children 
1/42 Latino
o children 
1/111 Whitte children2 ½ of th
hese children are under 10
0, average agee is estimated
d at 8 years o
old3 
1
Challenges4 Incarcerated Pa
arents and Their Children, Trend
ds 1991‐2007. Fe
ebruary 2009. W
Washington, D.C.:: The Sentencingg Project, 2009. p. 2 2
The Sentencingg Project, p. 2 3
Children and Fa
amilies of the Inccarcerated Fact SSheet 2009. The
e National Resouurce Center of Chhildren and Fam
milies of the Incarrcerated, 22009. p. 1 4
La Vigne, Nancyy J., Elisabeth Daavies, and Diana Brazzell. Februaary, 2008. Brokeen Bonds, Undersstanding and Ad
ddressing the Neeeds of C
Children with Inccarcerated Paren
nts. Washington D.C.: Urban Insttitute Justice Poolicy Center. p. 3‐10 www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu o
Daily life is affected
d: children’s liiving arrange ments, changges in parent‐‐child onships, and cchanges in fin
nancial circum
mstances. relatio
o
Emotio
onal and behavioral impacct on childrenn affected by incarceration
n: 
Short term emotional im
mpact: stress,, sadness, feaar, lower self‐esteem, resulting in chronic ssleeplessness, difficulties cconcentratingg, depression, and anti‐soccial behavior. 
Long term reactions: reaactive behavi ors, coping patterns, higher risk of men
ntal health prob
blems, drug u
use, below‐avverage academ
mic performaance or drop o
out of school, une
employment aand possible delinquent behavior. Onee (UK) study showed thaat among boyys who experiienced parental incarcerattion before th
he 5
age of ten, nearly half w
were convictedd of a crime aas adults. 2. Recommendattions 
In
n a recent study done by th
he Urban Insttitute Justice Policy Centerr suggests futture work to ffocus on new research, changes in policy, and increased pr ograms “The grow
wing number of children w
with an incarceerated parentt represents oone of the mo
ost significantt collateral consequencees of the recorrd prison pop
pulation in thee U.S” ‐The Sentencing Projecct, 2009 
Create Policiess which: o
5
Support parent/child relationshiips by providiing programm
ming that enccourages good
d parentting as well ass bonding witth children.6 554% of motheers and 57% o
of fathers in sstate prisons reported ne
ever receivingg a visit from their children
n.7 La Vigne, Nancyy J., p. 7 6
The Sentencingg Project, p. 10 7
The National Re
esource Center o
of Children and Families of the Incarcerated, p. 4 www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu o
Consid
der children’s needs duringg arrest and ssentencing8 o
Enhance reentry prrogramming sso to developp a means for incarcerated parents by w
which 9
to reunite with their children.
o
Revise
e ineffective le
egislation thaat focuses on a retributive system ratheer than rehabiilitation and rreconciliation
n within the w
whole commu
unity. “We inten
nded these ch
hildren. It neveer seriously o
occurred to mee that if my cchildren had a
a living parent, that perso
on shouldn’t b
be fully know
wn to them.” ‐Elizabeth
h Gaynes10 
more program
ms Need for m
o
Th
here are programs but theyy are often lim
mited by bud
dgets. We neeed programs tthat focus on strenggthening pare
ent‐children rrelationships, supporting ccaregivers, fam
mily embers, and communitiess that are affeected by pareental incarceraation. me
o
So
ome successfu
ul programs:

Abraham House
e, Bronx, NY (w
www.abrahamhouse.org) 
Gett on the Bus, Los Angeles, CA (www.gettonthebus.uss) 
Hour Children, LLong Island Ciity, NY (www
w.hourchildren
n.org) 
e Osborne Association, Quueens, NY (ww
ww.osbornen
ny.org) The

Reaad To Me Mo
ommy, Framinngham, MA (initiated by Siister Maureen Clark, CSJ) “Children with parentss in prison neeed support an
nd there are vvery few programs and soccial services specificallly designed to
o serve their ccomplicated a
and layered nneeds.”11 8
‐ Urban Institutee Justice Policcy Center, 2008 Bernstein, Nell.. All alone in the world: Children of the incarcera
ated. New York: New Press: Disttributed by W.W
W. Norton, 2005. pp. 257‐
2270. 9
The Sentencingg Project, p. 10 10
Bernstein, p. 9
94 11
La Vigne, Nanccy J., p. 13 www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu Biblio
ography Incarcerated Parents a
and Their Child
dren, Trends 1991‐2007. FFebruary 20099. Washington, D.C.: The Sentencin
ng Project. http://ww
ww.sentencingproject.org//doc/publicattions/publicattions/inc_incarceratedparrents.pdf. Children a
and Families o
of the Incarceerated Fact Sh
heet 2009. Thhe National Reesource Centter of Children
n and Families o
of the Incarce
erated. http:///fcnetwork.org/wp/wp‐coontent/upload
ds/fact‐sheett.pdf. One in 100: Behind Barrs in America.. 2008. Washington, DC: PPEW Center on the States. http://ww
ww.pewtrustss.org/uploade
edFiles/wwwp
pewtrustsorgg/Reports/sen
ntencing_and
d_correctionss/one
_in_100.p
pdf. Bernstein, Nell. All alon
ne in the Worrld: Children o
of the Incarceerated. New YYork: New Preess: Distributeed by W.W. Norrton, 2005. Golden, R
Renny. War on
n the Family: Mothers in P
Prison and thee Families Theey Leave Behiind. New Yorkk: Routledge
e, 2005. Kinsella, B
Bridget. Visitin
ng Life: Wom
men Doing Tim
me on the Outtside. New Yo
ork: Harmony Books, 2007.. La Vigne, Nancy J., Elisabeth Davies, and Diana B
Brazzell. Februuary, 2008. Broken Bonds, Understandiing and Addreessing the Neeeds of Childreen with Incarccerated Parennts. Washingtton D.C.: Urb
ban Institute Justice Po
olicy Center. h
http://www.u
urban.org/UploadedPDF/4411616_incarccerated_pareents.pdf. Martone, Cynthia. Loviing through B
Bars: Children
n with Parentss in Prison. Saanta Monica, CA: Santa Mo
onica 05. Press, 200
www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu CARE FOR
R THE CAREEGIVERS TTALKING PO
OINTS. es Swearingen, M.D. Dr. Charle
Here follow some ideas relevant to C
Caring for the C
Caregivers:
A. Careggivers often negglect themselvves, for variouss reasons. Typiical reasons include the belieef that they aree invulnerable or that on
nly the needs o
of the other tru
uly matter. Sannctity versus prride, foolhardiness. B. The co
oncept of "Stre
ess" has becom
me so vast and broad that im precision is rifee in its usage, and its vaguen
ness often leaads to lack of sspecifics in rem
medying it. peak of "stressors" those eve
ents, situationss, or IDEAS ABO
OUT THEM, wh
hich lead to C. Stresss: 1. We can sp
dysphoric and/or disab
bling psycho‐ph
hysiological staates. e are generally acknowledged
d stressors. The
e Holmes‐Rahee list (death of f a spouse, etc)). Yet, each D. There
person h
has his/her own "list", own "b
buttons" which
h set off the st ress response
perceived/expe
erienced. This leads to a speccific psychophyysiological statte E Stress is a response tto something p
n general, is co
omprised of adrenergic dominance, the FIG
GHT OR FLIGHTT state. which, in
nse is nature's w
way of prepariing the organissm for defensee; originally, on
ne F. The Fight or Flight sstate or respon
or fled the sabrretooth tiger. fought o
undational statte of stress, the
e heart may sppeed, gut consttrict, eyes focu
us, muscles ten
nse. G. In thiss state, the fou
If only time limited, it iis acute stress,, which may orr may not be haarmful H. But if the stressors p
persist, chronicc stress may en
nsue. This is al ways harmful. The external sstressors then e internal mem
mories of the stressors may innduce the statee (PTSD is the p
prime examplee) may not abate, OR the
onic stress, the
e "symptom listt" broadens. It may include hheadaches, GI ttroubles, back pain, cardiac I. In chro
arrythmias, constant anxiety, depresssion. UT. " Burnout" is the end statte, seen when caregivers collapse, in which
h chronic J. And, fiinally, BURNOU
unalleviaated stress hass supervened aand the person
n can, to a greaat degree, no lo
onger function
n. K. People with high ide
eals who are ve
ery demandingg of themselve s, unforgiving, are at risk for chronic stresss and burn
nout. www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu L. In add
dition, numerous studies have
e shown a tigh
ht correlation bbetween chron
nic unrelieved sstress and card
diac disease. (The correlatio
on with cancerr is much less e
evidence basedd.) opt for relief. Th
his may prove M. Any rremedy beginss "within" ; i.e.,, the individuall has to make aa decision to o
hard for some people w
whose conscie
ences are extre
emely unforgiv ing and who w
will define relief as failure. n of God and haave needs and N. Careggivers are not aa special species. Like all creaation, they, wee, are children
vulnerab
bilities which m
must be attended to. It may take courage too admit one's llimitations. by burnout is n
not a virtuous aact. Any contro
oversy about that? O. Ethicaal Principle?: ccareer suicide b
es of remedies for stress and for the prevenntion/treatment of burnout. 1. Alloplastic: we P. There are two classe
ent, the stressful circumstancces and 2. Autooplastic: We op
perate in somee fashion upon change tthe environme
ourselve
es while remain
ning in the sam
me circumstances. These twoo are not diametrically oppossed; there are nuances will be incurred
d and advice/suupport/permisssion may be reequired from Q. For allloplastic changge, tradeoffs w
others. EE.g., if one cutss back the hours of one's min
nistry, all of theese will pertain
n, and a period
d of readjustmeent must be negotiated. dies we do som
mething with/for our minds, bodies, spirits.. The data on eexercise is firm
m R. In auttoplastic remed
and posiitive. Prayer may help, but, o
of course, careggivers who aree religious or m
ministers may aalready have tested th
he limits of praayer without co
oncrete, speciffic relief. Med itation/Centerring prayer is a very powerful tool. It in
nduces the Relaxation Respo
onse, which is tthe diametricall opposite of th
he Fight/Flightt response. Weell studied by Benson et aal. Finding tthe "still point in the moving world" is a goal of all forms of meditation.. portant to disceern who is who
o S. Other people may be hell (stressorrs) or heaven (suppliers of reelief). Very imp
eally empathic support, tailorred to an indiv idual's specificc plight, can bee a great relief and whicch is which. Re
from stress. hear much about 'support gro
oups". But grou
ups have very powerful dynaamics and shou
uld eschew So, we h
narrative
es and dialogs which can vee
er towards makking people feeel even worse. (Yes, this happ
pens) psychotropic m
medication mayy be of help in some instancees. Caregivers need to know the T. Psychotherapy and p
ms of anxiety aand depression
n and how the may show up in themselves. symptom
U. Botto
om Line: caring for caregivers, ourselves inccluded, is no siggn of failure. In
n fact, like gettting an oil chan
nge for the aauto, it is prude
ent, and is an investment in tthe possibility of long term survival in the ccaregiving role. www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu SUGGESTTED RESOU
URCES Articles: David C. D
Duncombe, (l9
992), “The Taask of Prison C
Chaplaincy: a n Inmate’s Viiew”, The Jou
urnal of Pasto
oral Care,46 (2
2). Green M., (2001), “Passtoral counseling in prison: how to be”,, Journal of Paastoral Care, 55(2). James Kee
enan, SJ, “The
e Sin of Not B
Bothering to LLove”, Churchh (Winter 19995). Jeannine D. Romeril an
nd Roy M. Tribe, “Prison Pastoral Care: How Chaplaiins See Their Role,” Journa
al of Care, 49 (4). Pastoral C
Kunen, James S. "Teaching Prisonerrs a Lesson," TThe New Yorkker, July 19955 McIntosh, P., (1988), ""White Privile
ege and Male Privilege: A PPersonal Acco
ount of Comingg To See Correspondencess through Work in Womenn's Studies", (W
Wellesley: Wellesleyy College Centter for Researrch on Wome
en) Skotnicki, A., (2004), "TThe Prison Ch
haplain and th
he Mission off the Church,"" New Theolo
ogy Review, 17
7(2). ________
__ (2004) “Fou
undations On
nce Destroyed
d: The Cathol ic Church and
d Criminal Jusstice,” Theolo
ogical Studies, (6
65). Zimbardo
o, P. G. (1971). The power aand pathologgy of imprisonnment. Congrressional Reco
ord. Hearings before Subcommittee No. 3 of the C
Committee on the Judiciarry, House of R
Representativves, 92nd n on Correctio
ons, Part II, Prrisons, Prison Reform, and
d Prisoners’ Riights: Californ
nia. Congress,, First Session
(Serial No
o. 15) Washinggton, D.C.: U..S. Governme
ent Printing O
Office. Books: Austin, W
W. G., & Worch
hel, S., eds., (1979), The So
ocial Psycholoogy of Intergrroup Relationss (Monterey: Brooks/Co
ole.) Beckner, W
W. T., & Park, J., eds., (l998), Correction
nal Ministry aand Chaplainccy in Effectivee Jail and Priso
on st
Ministry ffor the 21 Ceentury (Charlo
otte: COPE.)
Boyle, G., (2010), Tatto
oos on the He
eart (New Yorrk: Simon & SSchuster.) www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu Cullen, F.. T., &Agnew, R., (2010), C
Criminologicall Theory: Pastt to Present. EEssential Read
dings. (NY: Oxxford U.P.) Ciarrocchi, J. W., (1993
3), A Minister’s Handbook of Mental Dissorders, (Mah
hwah: Paulistt Press) Covert, H. G., (1995), M
Ministry to the Incarcerateed (Chicago: LLoyola Press.) Postmes, T., & Jetten, JJ., eds., (2006
6), Individualiity and the Grroup: Advancces in Social Id
dentity (Londo
on, England: SSage.) Skotnicki, A., (2008), C
Criminal Justicce and the Cattholic Church (Lanham: Sh
heed & Ward)) ________
____, (2000), Religion and
d the Developm
ment of the A
American Pennal System (Laanham : U. P. of America) on Ministry: U
Understandin
ng Prison Cult ure Inside and Out (Nashvville: B&H Spitale, L., (2002), Priso
Publishingg Group.) Tonry, M., (1995), Mallign Neglect: R
Race, Crime a
and Punishmeent in Americaa (Oxford: Oxxford U.P.) Web Publlications: Coming Home Directorry:www.comiinghomedirecctory.org Criminallyy Unjust: Whyy America's prison policy n
needs repair; from Americaa Magazine: http://ww
ww.americam
magazine.org/content/articcle.cfm?articl e_id=12311
Musen, K., & Zimbardo
o, P. G. (1991). “Quiet Rage
e: The Stanfoord Prison Exp
periment.” (D
Documentary)). Stanford, CA: Stanford University. V
Video or DVD can be orderred online: http://ww
ww.prisonexp
p.org/pdf/orderform.pdf US Conferrence of Cath
holic Bishops, 2000 Statem
ment on CJ: Reesponsibility, Rehabililtatio
on and Restoratio
on: A Catholicc Perspective on Crime and
d Criminal Jusstice, (Nov 155, 2000) www.nccb
buscc.org/sdw
wp/criminal.sshtml Williams, G., Spiritual EExercises with
h Prisoners – 18th Annotattion Retreat Williams, G., Theology of Prison Min
nistry http://ww
ww.jpminc.org
g www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu Web Links Abraham House: www
w.abrahamhouse.org American
n Rehabilitatio
on Ministriess www.arm..org Bethany H
House Ministtries www.bethanyhousem
ministry.com
Center for Restorative
e Justice Works www.crjw.org Communiity Resourcess and Justice:: www.crjustice.org Death Pen
nalty: www.cclarkprosecutor.org Exodus Trransitional Co
ommunity ww
ww.etcny.orgg Jesuit Resstorative Justtice Initiative: www.jrji.orgg Jesuit Prisson Ministry,, Inc.: www.jp
pminc.org 
www.jesuits.o
w
rg 
Concord Prison
n Outreach: w
www.concord
dprisonoutre ach.org/ 
ww.partakers..org/ Paartakers: ww

Human Kindne
ess Foundatio
on: www.hum
mankindness. org/ 
Murder Victim
M
ms Families forr Reconciliation: www.mvvfr.org/ 
Amnesty International: ww
ww.amnesty.o
org/ 
es : Prison Chaplaincy Resource
mass readings and prayers:: www.magn
nificat.com Magnificat: daily m
o prison chap
plains: Living Faith Foundaation: daily Caatholic devottionals, free to
http:///www.livingfaaith.com/foundation.php
o www.ttaize.fr o http:///onlineministtries.creighton.edu/Collab orativeMinisttry/online.htm
ml o http:///slu.edu/prayyerbook/ usetts Departtment of Corrrections: Massachu
http://ww
ww.mass.gov//?pageID=eop
psagencyland
ding&L=3&L0==Home&L1=PPublic+Safetyy+Agencies&LL2=M
assachuse
etts+Departm
ment+of+Corre
ection&sid=EEeops o
o
Outreach Ministry: ww
ww.prisonouttreachministrry.org Union of Correction Officers: www.mcofu.org/
Vera Instiitute of Prison Justice: ww
ww.vera.org
www.stm‐‐prisonminist ry.edu