CHANGING CURRENTS
Charting a Course of Action
for the Future of Oceans
February 23–26, 2005
Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
Simon Fraser University
Hosted by the Centre for Coastal Studies, Simon Fraser University
Program at a Glance
Sponsors
Program
Participants
Biographies
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PROGRAM AT A G L A N C E
Wednesday, February 23, 2005
6:30 – 9:00 pm
Registration and Reception
Segal Centre, Room 1400, Simon Fraser University
515 West Hastings Street
7:30 pm
Opening Address and Discussion:
Healthy oceanic ecosystems and threats to biodiversity
Thursday, February 24, 2005
7:30 – 8:30 am
Registration — Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Room 100, Morris J. Wosk Centre for
Dialogue, Simon Fraser University, 580 West Hastings
8:30 –9:45 am
Opening Dialogue
9:45 – 10:30 am
Recommendations from and responses to Turning
the Tide, A report from the Royal Commission on
Environmental Pollution
10:30 – 10:45 am
Break
Theme I — Community perspectives
10:45 – 11:15 am
Case Studies related to fisheries and community
11:15 am – 12:15 pm
Discussion of Turning the Tide and case studies
12:15 – 1:00 pm
Lunch
ICBC Concourse
1:00 – 1:15 pm
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion
group findings
1:15 – 1:30 pm
Case Study
1:30 – 2:00 pm
Impact of Climate Change on Oceans
2:00 – 2:45 pm
Discussion
2
2:45 – 3:00 pm
Break
Theme II — Governmental Institution perspectives
3:00 – 3:45 pm
Discussion Circle
3:45 – 4:00
Discussion
4:00 – 4:30 pm
Case Studies
4:30 – 5:30 pm
Discussion
5:30 pm
Reception
Hosted by the President, Simon Fraser University
ICBC Concourse
Friday, February 25, 2005
8:00 – 8:30 am
Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
8:30 – 8:45 am
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion
group findings from Thursday afternoon
8:45 – 9:00 am
Participants to identify and post key action items from
Day One
Theme II – Governmental Institution perspectives
(continued from Day One)
9:00 – 9:30 am
Economic incentives to make change: The nature of
employment in small-scale fisheries in developing
countries
9:30 – 10:00 am
Case Studies
10:00 – 10:45 am
Discussion
10:45 – 11:00 am
Break
11:00 – 11:30 am
The Story of the Northern Cod
STEERING COMMITTEE
11:30 – 12:15
Discussion
12:15 – 1:00 pm
Lunch
ICBC Concourse
Theme III — Industry perspectives
1:00 – 2:30 pm
Discussion Circle
2:30 – 3:15 pm
Discussion
3:15 – 3:30 pm
Break
3:30 – 3:45 pm
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion
group findings
Theme IV — Public Opinion and Civil Society
3:45 – 4:45 pm
Discussion Circle
4:45 – 5:30 pm
Discussion
6:00 pm
Reception and Dinner at the Vancouver Aquarium,
followed by entertainment
Saturday, February 26, 2005
8:00 – 8:30 am
Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
Theme V – Solutions
8:30 – 9:15 am
Future of World Fisheries
9:15 – 11:30 am
Tools for Effective Change
11:30 am
Participants work together to build the framework for
action
4:00 pm (or earlier)
Wrap-up and direction for conveners report and blueprint
for action
Jackie Alder
Research Associate,Coastal Zone Management
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia
Leah Bendell-Young
Professor, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser
University
Patricia Gallaugher
Director, Centre for Coastal Studies and
Continuing Studies in Science, Simon Fraser
University
Sylvie Guénette
Research Associate, Marine Mammal Research
Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British
Columbia
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Richard Haedrich
Professor, Biology, Memorial University of
Newfoundland and; Former Co-chair, Marine
Fishes, Committee on Status
of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
Peter Harrison
Senior Research Fellow, Oceans, National
Research Council of Canada
Peter Heffernan
Chief Executive, Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland
Marc Hershman
Professor, School of Marine Affairs, Adjunct
Professor, School of Law, University of
Washington; and Commissioner, U.S. Commission
on Ocean Policy
Richard Kenchington
Chair, International Coral Reef Action Network;
Professor, Centre for Maritime Policy, University of
Wollongong, Australia and; Principal, RAC Marine
Pty Ltd.
Daniel Pauly
Director, Fisheries Centre, University of British
Columbia and Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation
DIALOGUE FACILITATOR
Glenn Sigurdson
Fellow and Research Associate, Morris J. Wosk
Centre for Dialogue, Simon Fraser University &
Principal, CSE Group
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Sponsors
The steering committee gratefully acknowledges the following organizations for their financial contributions towards
making this endeavour possible.
PROGRAM SUPPORT
Alcan
BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management
BC Offshore Oil and Gas Team
Oak Foundation
Ocean Management Research Network, Linking Science and Local
Knowledge node
Government of Canada
• Fisheries and Oceans Canada
• Parks Canada
• Western Economic Diversification
Simon Fraser University
• Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
• David and Cecilia Ting Endowment for Education for Public Responsibility
• Dean of Arts and Social Sciences
• Dean of Continuing Studies
• Dean of Science
• President’s Office
• Sustainable Shellfish Aquaculture Initiative
Teekay Shipping
University of Victoria
- Faculty of Science
- Vice President Research
Vancouver Aquarium and Marine Sciences Centre
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Sponsors
The steering committee also acknowledges the generous in-kind contribution from the Fisheries Centre, University
of British Columbia and Conservation International for providing complimentary copies of “Defying Oceans End:
An Agenda for Action” to all participants. They also thank all participants for their personal commitment and for
volunteering their time to this dialogue.
TRAVEL AND/OR ACCOMMODATION SUPPORT
Alcan
Natural Resources Canada
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Newfoundland Fisheries and
Aquaculture
BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource
Management
BC Offshore Oil and Gas Team
Ocean Management Research
Network, Linking Science and Local
Knowledge node
CEFAS, The Centre for Environment,
Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
Ocean Management Research
Network Secretariat
Commission for Environmental
Cooperation of North America
Parks Canada
COMPASS, The Communication
Partnership for Science
and the Sea
Sierra Club of Canada, BC Chapter
Delta Vancouver Suites
Simon Fraser University
• SFU International
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Royal Commission on
Environmental Pollution
Shell Canada
Loch Torridon Nephrops Creel
Fishery
University of Victoria
LOICZ, Land and Ocean Interaction
in the Coastal Zone
Marine Institute, Ireland
West Coast Vancouver Island
Aquatic Management Board
Maritime Institute of Ghent
University
Memorial University of
Newfoundland and Labrador
• Dean of Science
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CHANGING CURRENTS
Charting a Course of Action
for the Future of Oceans
Goal
The goal of Changing Currents: Charting a Course of
Action for the Future of Oceans is to identify what will
enable action for the future sustainability of oceans. This
will be achieved through a highly interactive and focused
dialogue among a limited number of invited participants
who represent international ocean experts, government
managers and policy makers, ocean industry, NGOs
and coastal communities. To encourage mentorship
and benefits from the exchange of knowledge and ideas,
participants also represent a cross-section of senior,
mid-career, and early career professionals from sectors.
Throughout the meeting the following questions will be
addressed.
What changes are needed?
What are the obstacles/resisters and
challenges to effecting change?
What are the enablers of change?
What will it take to effect change?
What are feasible timescales for change?
The catalysts for this dialogue include several key
presentations focused on current issues related to the
sustainable use of ocean resources and analyses of
case studies that identify challenges and demonstrate
how positive change can occur. Discussions will
examine ocean issues though the lenses of community,
organization (governmental institutions), industry
and public opinion. Participants will be tasked with
developing a blueprint for action and will evaluate
effectiveness of a variety of tools that could enable the
action plan.
The outcome of Changing Currents will be a practical
document containing a blueprint for action for ocean
and coastal resource managers and policy makers that
can be measured over time and assessed for evidence
of workable solutions and progress in reversing negative
trends.
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In addition to these questions, each session will address
more specific questions.
Salient points from the discussions will be posted for
consideration while the dialogue continues and the
blueprint for action is crafted.
Wednesday, February 23, 2005
Notes
6:30 – 9:00 pm
Registration and Reception
Segal Centre, Room 1400, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street
7:30 pm
Opening Address and Discussion
Welcome on behalf of the Steering Committee
Patricia Gallaugher, Director, Centre for Coastal Studies,
Simon Fraser University
Healthy oceanic ecosystems and threats to biodiversity
Hein Rune Skjoldal, Senior Scientist, Institute of Marine Research and Chair,
Advisory Committee for Marine Environment, ICES, Bergen, Norway
The health of marine ecosystems and threats to marine biodiversity have been
examined in recent global assessments such as the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment (MA) and Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA). The
two major issues globally are habitat loss and impacts by fisheries. Habitat
loss occurs mainly in the coastal zone where areas of mangroves, seagrass meadows and coral reefs are being converted into other uses such as
aquaculture, or adversely impacted by coastal development. Ecological effects
of fisheries can be direct effects on targeted species, by-catch species, and
habitats, and indirect effects on other species through food-web interactions
or habitat dependence. Marine fish populations are dynamic entities that show
considerable fluctuations, and it is a challenge for scientists and managers
to monitor and advise on harvesting the stocks against the considerable
variability. The fishing pressure is most often too high and overfishing is a
common practice. Climate variability is a particularly important driving force
for natural variability, and climate change can be expected to influence the
dynamics and spatial life history of marine fish populations.
Seamounts are a globally important biodiversity issue. There could be as
many as 100.000 seamounts, most of them in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Most seamounts are volcanoes rising from the seafloor. They create rotating
water circulation above them, and organisms living on or in association
with seamounts have evolved behavioural and other features that keep them
on the seamounts and not being swept away out in the deep blue ocean.
The importance of retention in the life history of seamount organisms has
also led to high degree of separate populations and over longer time to
evolutionary speciation. Seamounts are therefore characterised by high degree
of endemism and to an overall high and specialised deep-sea biodiversity.
This biodiversity is severely threatened by fishing that depletes the resources
and impacts the structural biota such as deep-water corals that make up
the seamount habitats. Removing this threat by banning destructive fishing
practices could be one important achievement relative to the 2010 target from
Johannesburg to significantly reduce the loss of global biodiversity.
Ecosystem approach is adopted in many contexts as a way to improve
ocean management. This is an integrated approach that recognises the
interdependencies among ecosystem components and the simultaneous
impacts on those components by different human activities. It requires
the setting of ecological objectives, monitoring and assessment to see
if the objectives are met, and clear scientific advice to support adaptive
management.
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Notes
Discussion Question
The year is 2015 and “Oceans Rebound: Every Indicator is UP” is
the leading headline in the New York Times. The article summarizes
the combination of changes in attitudes, organizations, and policy
that is behind this transformation. What do you believe is the one
item or event referred to in the article that has been instrumental
in making the transformation to better management of oceans and
their resources? Note — oceans in this forum include coasts.
Participants will work in teams to respond to this question and
then present their answers to the group.
Thursday, February 24, 2005
7:30 – 8:30 am
Registration — Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Room 100, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue,
Simon Fraser University, 580 West Hastings
8:30 –9:45 am
Welcome on behalf of the Steering Committee
Patricia Gallaugher, Director, Centre for Coastal Studies, Simon Fraser
University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Opening
Michael Stevenson, President, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Introduction and Opening Dialogue
Glenn Sigurdson, Fellow and Research Associate, Morris J. Wosk Centre for
Dialogue, Simon Fraser University and Principal, CSE Group, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
9:45 – 10:30 am
Recommendations from and responses to Turning the Tide, A report from the
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (http://www.rcep.org.uk/)
Ian Graham Bryce, Member, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution
and Principal Emeritus, University of Dundee, Scotland
Turning the Tide calls on people and policy makers everywhere to recognise
and respond to the true scale and nature of the problems caused by intensive
competitive fishing which have put the whole marine ecosystem under siege.
The central point is that it is the whole ecosystem and not just threatened
individual fish stocks that need protection. The Commission calls for a simple
but profound policy change – the “presumption in favour of fishing” should
be reversed. Measures recommended by the Commission to achieve long
term protection of the marine environment include the designation of a
third of UK waters as marine reserves, an end to destructive deep-sea fishing
practices, a new Marine Act and a system of Marine spatial planning, controls
on fishing effort and gear restrictions.
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Respondent:
Addressing Commonalities between Turning the Tide and Defying Oceans End
Arlo Hemphill, Coordinator of Defying Oceans End for Conservation
International, Washington, DC, USA
Notes
10:30 – 10:45 am
Break
Theme I — Community perspectives
Theme Moderator: Richard Haedrich, Biology, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL
10:45 – 11:15 am
Case Studies related to fisheries and community
*presentations will be in French with English translation available
The termination of sharks and rays exploitation in the Banc d’Arguin National
Park: stakes and challenges for the fishermen retraining
Mika Samba Diop, Biologiste des Pêches, Conseiller au Secrétariat Permanent
de la Commission Sous-Régionale des Pêches (CSRP), Coordinateur du projet
PSRA-Requins, Dakar, Sénégal
This case study reports the change in management structure in the Banc
d’Arguin National Park, Mauritania. Facing the problem of shark and ray
overfishing, the decisions were made based on consensus and brought about
a change in attitude from the fishing villages and the definitive end of shark
and ray exploitation in 2002.
The mobilization for integrated management in the Caraquet watershed
Omer Chouinard, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Moncton,
New Brunswick, Canada
The Caraquet Bay watershed, with its 15,000 inhabitants, is part of the
Chaleur Bay waters. The Caraquet area is an Acadian community that began
harvesting oysters in 1757. Caraquet also has a long tradition of resistance,
which includes the fight for French schools in 1875. The fish sharing conflicts
from the end of the 1940s to the beginning of the 1980s were concentrated
there. Additionally, Caraquet is known for its cultural activities and recently,
in 2003, was recognized as a heritage city (of less than 50,000 inhabitants)
by Heritage Canada. This presentation wishes to highlight the mobilization
for the cleaning and decontamination of the Caraquet Bay watershed. The
fishing, logging, peat moss and agriculture industries, as well as all of the
region’s municipalities, were mobilized at the regional level, along with civil
servants from both levels of government. The owners of cottages were also
involved to modernize their septic tanks. Information sessions were organized
in the schools to project what kind of watershed people wanted. From 1993
to 1996, the area closed or conditionally closed for oyster harvesting was
reduced from 80% of the bay area to 25%. An integrated management plan
for the watershed was finished in 2001, and the results were to continue the
education of the public, restore the stream habitat, and use an integrated
approach for the sustainable exploitation of the resource. But since 2003,
the assistance to maintain awareness was reduced by the New Brunswick
provincial government’s Environmental Trust Fund. The challenge is now to
keep sustainable activities going without governmental support.
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Notes
11:15 – 12:15
Discussion of Turning the Tide and case studies
1. Who are the key players in the community who can facilitate
change? How do we create a pool of these people? And how do we
maintain their involvement given the tasks and frustrations?
2. What (if any) trade-offs will need to be made to make the
necessary changes? Inevitably there will be some short-term
economic changes - what trade-offs need to be considered?
3. What economic incentives at the community level might help to
facilitate change?
4. How can ecosystem based management be incorporated into
decision making at the local level (or level of resource use)?
5. How can community structures be modified/utilized to effect
change?
12:15 – 1:00 pm
Lunch
ICBC Concourse
1:00 – 1:15 pm
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion group findings
1:15 – 1:30 pm
Case Study—Community-based Management of Coastal Resources in the
Philippines: Developing Indicators of Effectiveness
Marivic G. Pajaro, Project Seahorse, Fisheries Centre, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
A brief overview of the current state of coastal resources and the management
initiatives in the Philippines will be presented. Some international policies
that influenced national policies and its implications at the local level will be
identified. The various coastal resource management programs implemented
by the government, non-government and grassroots organizations which
have largely embraced the community-based approach and establishment
of no-take marine reserves or marine protected areas as the tool will also
be enumerated. Efforts to address the gap in monitoring and evaluation
of management effectiveness particularly at the local level in communities
with no-take reserves will be highlighted. The experience on developing
community-based indicators and how communities are monitoring the
effectiveness of no-take MPAs in Bohol, central Philippines will be presented
as a possible model for developing nations in the tropics.
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1:30 – 2:00 pm
Impact of Climate Change on Oceans
Ken Denman, Research Scientist, Integration and Prediction, Institute of Ocean
Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Notes
Climate change is profoundly affecting the oceans. In addition, the oceans
play a significant role in regulating climate change because of their immense
capacity to store and to transport both heat and the main greenhouse gas
CO2. The warming of the oceans over the last few decades can be detected
to depths of thousands of meters. Approximately half the CO2 that has been
emitted into the atmosphere through human activities, primarily fossil fuel
and biomass burning, now resides in the oceans. This ‘anthropogenic’ CO2
can be detected to the bottom of the ocean. The rate of sea level rise, due to
the warming expansion of seawater and freshwater input from glacial and
snow melt, has accelerated over the last two decades. Even if humans were
immediately to stop emitting all greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, we
are still ‘committed’ to warming and especially sea level rise for the next few
centuries because of the long life of each molecule of CO2 in the atmosphere
(about a century).
Less well-known are the geochemical changes the oceans are experiencing
as the climate changes. As the surface oceans warm, the solubility of CO2
decreases, thereby resisting further penetration of atmospheric CO2 into the
oceans and causing a positive feedback to global warming. The additional
CO2 in the oceans has already made the them more acidic, further reducing
the oceans’ ability to accept more CO2 from the atmosphere, and in some
areas risking the dissolution of calcareous organisms, such as the cold water
corals found in some BC fjords. As the climate changes we expect, but cannot
yet predict how, the community structure of marine planktonic foodwebs to
change with possible feedbacks to ocean biogeochemical cycles and to higher
trophic levels including living marine resources.
2:00 – 2:45 pm
Discussion
1. How do we connect communities contributing to the problem
with communities directly impacted?
2. How do communities take control on deciding which adaptation
strategies to employ including cultural, technological, financial and
ecological?
2:45 – 3:00 pm
Break
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Notes
Theme II — Governmental Institution perspectives
Theme Moderator: John Pierce, Dean of Arts and Social Sciences, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
3:00 – 3:45 pm
Discussion Circle to address the questions:
1. What is the biggest challenge for governments in implementing change?
2. How do we change that?
Ian Graham Bryce, Member, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution,
Dundee, Scotland
Peter Harrison, Senior Research Fellow, Oceans, National Research Council of
Canada
Peter Heffernan, CEO, Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland
Marc Hershman, Commissioner, US Commission on Ocean Policy, Seattle,
Washington
Richard Kenchington, Principal, RAC Marine Pty Ltd., Jamison, Australia
3:45 – 4:00 pm
Discussion
4:00 – 4:30 pm
Case Studies
A Success Story: The Wadden Sea
Jens Enemark, Secretary, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven,
Germany
The Wadden Sea is a marine nature area shared by Denmark, Germany
and The Netherlands. It is one of the largest and most significant marine
wetlands world wide. For now more than a generation the three countries
have cooperated to protect and management the Wadden Sea as a coherent
ecological system. In the framework of the cooperation the Common Wadden
Sea Secretariat has been established as a joint secretariat to support,
coordinate, facilitate and advance the cooperation. The cooperation has
established a comprehensive arrangement of visions, targets, principles and
policies in conjunction with an assessment and monitoring. The presentation
will focus on the importance of establishing visions and strategies, the
obstacles to achieve the strategies and necessity of involving the community.
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Effects of Oil Spills and Passing Ship Bilge on Adjacent Ecosystems in
Newfoundland
Stan Tobin, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
Notes
The Grand Banks is habitat for millions of seabirds. For over 40 years people
on the southeast coast of NL have observed the effects of chronic oil pollution
on seabirds and it is estimated that up to 300,000 seabirds are killed annually.
It is not clear what the source of these ‘mystery’ spills is. Illegal discharges
of oil from ships is one possibility, this region being adjacent to the major
shipping route between Europe and North America, the Great Circle Route.
There may also be spills from the offshore oil and gas industry activity on
the Grand Banks. This presentation will address the recommendations of
the 1990 Brander-Smith Commission report, which provided a blueprint for
a cleaner marine environment and assess the success in implementing the
recommendations. The roles of the regulatory agencies including Transport
Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard and the Canada Newfoundland Offshore
Petroleum Board (CNOPB) in applying the necessary preventative measures
will also be discussed and evaluated and details of an innovative communityled rehabilitation program for oiled seabirds in partnership with industry
and government will be described. Clearly, more effort should be applied to
preventing chronic marine oil pollution events and their negative effects on
marine ecosystems—some solutions will be suggested.
4:30 – 5:30 pm
Discussion
1. How can institutions be more responsive to user needs?
2. Who are institutions accountable to? Who should they be
accountable to?
3. How should the role of current management institutions be
changed?
4. How should institutions be managed, monitored and evaluated
in meeting user needs for facilitating change?
5. Should government institutions have a role in the long-term
management of oceans and ocean resources?
6. How do institutions engage communities and what does it take
to get institutions to talk to one another?
5:30 pm
Reception
Hosted by President, Simon Fraser University
ICBC Concourse
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Notes
Friday, February 25, 2005
8:00 – 8:30 am
Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
8:30 – 8:45 am
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion group findings from
Thursday afternoon
8:45 – 9:00 am
Participants to identify and post key action items from Day One.
Theme II — Governmental Institution perspectives (continued from Day One)
Theme Moderator: Peter Heffernan, CEO, Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland
9:00 – 9:30 am
Economic incentives to make change: The nature of employment in small-scale
fisheries in developing countries
Gert van Santen, Former Senior Fisheries Specialist, World Bank, Bethesda,
Maryland, USA
The global role of small scale fisheries in marine fish production, fish trade
and providing coastal employment has fundamentally changed over the
past 50 years. Responsible for 40% of fish production and possibly over
30% of world fish trade, while providing income to some 150 million people,
future management of the fishing sectors of developing countries requires
special approaches that enable small-scale fisheries to continue to play their
increasingly dominant role. This requires not only adjustment of resource
management strategies, including a reassessment of the future role of ‘market
based’ management approaches, but in defining the long-term outlook of the
sector, long discarded sector planning methods and consultation strategies
may support the design of new sector strategies.
9:30 – 10:00 am
Case Studies
Negotiating Concerns for Developing Countries in Fisheries Trade: The Case of
Tanzania
Hugo Cameron, Senior Associate, International Centre for Trade and
Sustainable Development
Tanzania is currently undertaking at least three sets of negotiations related
to its fisheries resources and exports: a bilateral ‘Fisheries Partnership
Agreement’ with the EU, a wider ‘Economic Partnership Agreement’ with the
EU (as part of SADC); and World Trade Organization talks on disciplining
fisheries subsidies. A number of other developing countries are also
involved in these processes. This presentation will briefly address each of
the negotiations and discuss options for balancing Tanzania’s economic
development priorities with the sustainability of the East African coastal
fishery.
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Ecologically and economically sustainable use of the waters of Loch Torridon in
the North West Highlands of Scotland
Karen Starr, Coordinator, Area Management Agreements and Shieldaig Export
Company Limited, Sheildaig, Scotland
Notes
How local action and involvement is influencing the sustainable use
of inshore marine resources and what the roles and responsibilities of
the stakeholders (direct interests, communities, regional councils, and
government) are. Two case studies are presented. The first is the voluntary
Government led initiative creating local Area Management Groups to help
improve the health of wild and farmed salmonids on the West Coast of
Scotland. The second is partly mandatory, and partly voluntary, but this time
it is a fisherman led initiative to ensure the sustainable use of the high value
Nephrops creel fishery. Strengths and weaknesses of each set of arrangements
are discussed. The necessity for two-way communication, appropriate controls
and funding, and for all interested parties to work together is highlighted.
10:00 – 10:45 am
Discussion: Can we expect change to happen without money?
10:45 – 11:00 am
Break
11:00 – 11:30 am
The Story of the Northern Cod
Jeff Hutchings, Canada Research Chair in Marine Conservation, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Malleable links between science and public policy have had highly negative
socio-economic, financial, and biological consequences for commercially
exploited marine fishes in Canada. Most prominent among fishery collapses
was that experienced by Newfoundland and Labrador’s northern Atlantic cod
(Gadus morhua). Once accounting for 75 to 80% of Canada’s cod, northern
cod declined more than 99% between 1962 and 1992, representing a loss
of approximately 1.7 billion breeding individuals; despite fishery closures,
it has shown little or no evidence of recovery. The consequences of severe
decline by marine fishes are not limited to the socio-economic and political
spheres of society. They permeate those aspects of public policy pertaining to
the exploitation of natural resources, protection and recovery of endangered
species, and conservation of biodiversity. The collapse of marine fishes can
often be attributed to a dissociation between public policy and science,
the decline of northern cod providing one particularly instructive example.
Despite its biological and socio-economic risks, such an estrangement recurs
with distressing frequency in the management and conservation of natural
resources.
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Notes
11:30 am – 12:15 pm
Discussion on following questions
1. How can local knowledge be incorporated into decision-making?
2. What is the appropriate level of integration of science into
decision-making?
3. How do we work through the “resister” created by politicians
who make decisions based on re-election over the short-term
and not necessarily for the long-term good of the environment or
society?
12:15 – 1:00 pm
Lunch
ICBC Concourse
1:00
Theme III — Industry perspectives
Theme Moderator, Linda Coady, Vice President, Pacific Region, World Wildlife
Fund, Vancouver, BC, Canada
1:00 – 2:30 pm
Discussion Circle to address the question: What would it take to make
industry’s bottom line consistent with a healthy marine/ocean ecosystem?
Ray Andrews, Director, Government and Industry Relations, Fishery Products
International, St. John’s, NL
Glen Blackwood, Managing Director, Director, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic
Resources, Marine Institute, St. John’s, NL
Murray Chatwin, Vice President, Fisheries Management, Ocean Fisheries Ltd.,
Vancouver, BC
Roger Creasey, Manager, Ecosystem Management, Shell Canada Ltd.,
Calgary, AB
Rod Hesp, Master Mariner, BC Ferries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Bikramjit Kanjilal, Manager, Fleet Marine and Commercial Operations, Teekay
Shipping, Vancouver, BC
Ken MacInnis, Q.C., Administrator, Ship-source Oil Pollution fund, Ottawa, ON
Keith Stoodley, LOTEK Wireless Fish and Wildlife Monitoring, St. John’s, NL
And other representatives from mining, tourism and shipping industries.
2:30 – 3:15 pm
Discussion
1. How does industry best operate in an adaptive management
framework that has healthy marine ecosystems as its priority?
2. What are the critical information needs of industry for operating
within a marine resource sector - and how timely should that
information be?
3. What potential partnerships and collaborations do they envisage
to implement the needed changes?
16
Notes
4. What models of management does industry think are needed so
that their needs, community needs and ecosystem needs are met?
5. How is the marine sector preparing or planning for change (e.g.
climate change)?
3:15 – 3:30 pm
Break
3:30 – 3:45 pm
Steering Committee reports summary of discussion group findings
Theme IV – Public Opinion and Civil Society
Theme Moderator: John Nightingale, President, Vancouver Aquarium Marine
Science Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
3:45 – 4:30 pm
Discussion Circle to address the question: How important is an engaged civil
society to moving the ocean agenda forward?
Nancy Baron, Ocean Science Outreach Director, COMPASS/Seaweb, Santa
Barbara, CA, USA
The Honourable John Fraser, Chair, Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation
Council, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Terry Glavin, Writer, Marine Conservation, Mayne Island, BC, Canada
Vicky Husband, Conservation Chair, Sierra Club, Victoria, BC, Canada
Peter Neill, Director, World Oceans Observatory, New York, NY, USA
4:30 – 4:45 pm
Discussion
1. How do we engage civil society in the dialogue and action?
2. How do we make policy relevant to civil society?
3. What are the barriers and possibilities for civil society to bring
about change?
4. Where will future leadership come from?
5. What steps are required to deliver the message to the public?
6. How can the media be more effective at informing people?
6:00 pm
Reception and Dinner at the Vancouver Aquarium, followed by entertainment
17
Notes
Saturday, February 26, 2005
8:00 – 8:30 am
Coffee and pastries
Asia Pacific Hall, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue
Theme V — Solutions
Theme Moderator: Marc Hershman, Professor, School of Marine Affairs,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
8:30 – 9:15 am
Future of World Fisheries
Daniel Pauly, Director, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Discussion
9:15 – 11:30 am
Tools for Effective Change
1. Adaptive Management
Carl Walters, Professor, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
2. Constructing Scenarios: Possible futures and how to get there?
Jackie Alder, Research Associate, Fisheries Centre, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
3. Legislation at present (open discussion)
4. Marine Reserves
Patrick Christie, Assistant Professor, School of Marine Affairs, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Break
5. Valuing
Stephen Farber, Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs,
University of Pittsburg, USA
6. Economic incentives
Anna Erastus, Director, Planning and Economics, Ministry of Fisheries and
Marine Resources, Windhoek, Namibia
18
7. Global observation systems
Rikk Kvitek, Professor, Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State
University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA
Phil Hill, Research Scientist, Marine Studies Section, Natural Resources
Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Notes
8. Communications
Nancy Baron, Ocean Science Outreach Director, SeaWeb/COMPASS, Santa
Barbara, CA, USA.
11:30 am
Participants work together to build the framework for action
4:00 pm (or earlier)
Wrap-up and direction for conveners report and blueprint for action
19
Participants
Pacific Region, Transport Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Linda Coady, Vice President, Pacific Region, World
Wildlife Fund, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jackie Alder, Research Associate, Fisheries Ctr., University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Roger Creasey, Manager, Ecosystem Management, Shell
Canada Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
Ray Andrews, Director, Government & Industry Relations,
Fishery Products International, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Andrew Day, Executive Director, West Coast Vancouver
Island Aquatic Management Board, Port Alberni, BC,
Canada
Muhammad Akhtar, Senior Safety Inspector, Marine Safety,
Nancy Baron, Ocean Science Outreach Director, SeaWeb/
COMPASS Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Julia Baum, PhD Student, Marine Conservation Biology,
Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Leah Bendell-Young, Professor, Biological Sciences, Simon
Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
Glenn Blackwood, Managing Director, Canadian Centre
for Fisheries Innovation,
St. John’s, NL, Canada
Bill de la Mare, Professor, Resource and Environmental
Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC,
Canada
Ken Denman, Research Scientist, Integration and
Prediction, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and
Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Suzan Dionne, Natural Resource Conservation, Parks
Canada, Quebec City, QC, Canada
Jason Boire, Oceans Policy Analyst, Marine Ecosystems
Conservation Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Ottawa, ON,
Mika Samba Diop, Biologiste des Pêches, Conseiller au
Secrétariat Permanent de la Commission Sous-Régionale
des Pêches (CSRP), Coordinateur du projet PSRARequins, Dakar, Sénégal
Hugo Cameron, Senior Associate, Int’l Ctr. for Trade &
Sustainable Development, Kidatu, Tanzania
Bebeb Djundjunan, Consul, Indonesian Consulate,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Dick Carson, Director, Oceans, Fisheries and Oceans
Canada, Vancouver, BC
Jens Enemark, Secretary, Common Wadden Sea
Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Bruce Chapman, New Zealand Industry Seafood Council,
Wellington
Anna Erastus, Director, Planning & Economics, Ministry
of Fisheries & Marine Resources, Windhoek, Namibia
Murray Chatwin, Vice President, Ocean Fisheries Ltd.,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Alison Evans, Director, Coastal Planners/Executive
Director, Oceans Management Research Network,
Halifax, NS, Canada
Eva Cheung Robinson, Program Director, Vancouver
Foundation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Omer Chouinard, Prof., Sociology, Université de
Moncton, NB, Canada
Patrick Christie, Assistant Prof., School of Marine Affairs,
University of Washington, Seattle, USA
20
Stephen Farber, Professor, Graduate School of Public &
Int’l Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Susan Farlinger, Regional Director, Oceans Habitat and
Enhancement Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Participants
Bridget Ferriss, Ecosystems Observations Program,
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
Hans Herrmann, Head, Conservation of Biodiversity
Pgm., Int’l Comm. for Environmental Coop., Montreal,
QC, Canada
Ian Fleming, Director, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial
University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Marc Hershman, Professor, School of Marine Affairs,
University of Washington, Seattle, USA
The Hon. John Fraser, Chairman, Pacific Fisheries
Resource Conservation Council, Vancouver, Canada
Rod Hesp, Senior Master, BC Ferries, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
Patricia Gallaugher, Director, Continuing Studies in
Science and the Centre for Coastal Studies, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Philip Hill, Research Scientist, Marine Studies Section,
Natural Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Alison Gill, Professor, School of Resource and
Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University,
Burnaby, BC, Canada
Terry Glavin, Fisheries Writer/Researcher and Marine
Conservation Advisor, Sierra Club, Mayne Island, BC,
Canada
Mark Hipfner, Marine Research Scientist, Canadian
Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
Vicky Husband, Conservation Chair, Sierra Club of
Canada, BC Chapter, Victoria, Canada
Jeff Hutchings, Canada Research Chair in Marine
Conservation, Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,
Canada
Ian Graham-Bryce, Member, Royal Commission
on Environmental Pollution, & Principal Emeritus,
University of Dundee, Scotland
Russ Jones, Technical Director, Haida Fisheries Program,
Skidigate, BC, Canada
Leslie Grattan, Board Member, Coastal Zone Canada,
St. John’s NL, Canada
Bikramjit Kanjilal, Captain, Environment and Quality,
Teekay Shipping Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada
Sylvie Guénette, Research Associate, Fisheries Centre,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Richard Kenchington, Principal, RAC Marine Pty Ltd,
Jamison, Australia
Richard Haedrich, former Co-Chair, Marine Fishes,
Committee on Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
and Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St. John’s, NL, Canada
Ilse Kiessling, Oceans Liaison Officer, National Oceans
Office, Northern Territory, Australia
Peter Harrison, Senior Research Fellow, Oceans, National
Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Hartwig Kremer, Executive Officer, LOICZ International
Project Office, Texel, Netherlands
Peter Heffernan, CEO, Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland
Rikk Kvitek, Professor, Earth Systems Science and Policy,
California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA.,
USA
Arlo Hemphill, Manager of Defying Oceans End for
Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
Ken MacInnis, Q.C., Administrator, Ship-source Oil
Pollution Fund, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Mike Henderson, Regional Director General, Pacific,
Transport Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
21
Participants
Steve Mackinson, Senior Science Officer, Lowestoft
Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and
Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft, Suffolk,UK
Sherrylynn Rowe, NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow,
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax,
NS, Canada
Frank Maes, Maritime Institute of Ghent University and
Belgian Science and Policy, Ghent, Belgium
Silvia Salas, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida, Antigua
Carretera a Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico
Genine McCurdy, Senior Commerce Officer, Marine
Directorate, Industry Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Bunyan Saptomo, Consul General, Indonesian Consulate,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Karen McLeod, Science Coordinator, COMPASS, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Glenn Sigurdson, Fellow, Morris J. Wosk Centre for
Dialogue, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC,
Canada and CSE Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Lance Morgan, Chief Scientist, Marine Conservation
Biology Institute, CA, USA
Peter Neill, Director, World Ocean Observatory,
New York, USA
John Nightingale, President, Vancouver Aquarium Marine
Science Centre, BC, Canada
Rudy North, North Growth Management Ltd., Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Marivic Pajaro, PhD Candidate, Project Seahorse,
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada
Daniel Pauly, Director, Fisheries Centre, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
John Pierce, Dean of Arts and Social Sciences, Simon
Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Hein Rune Skjoldal, Institute of Marine Research and,
Chair, Advisory Committee for Marine Environment ICES,
Norway
Ron Smyth, Chief Science Officer, BC Offshore Oil & Gas
Team, BC Ministry of Energy and Mines, Victoria, Canada
Paul Snelgrove, CRC in Boreal and Cold Ocean Systems,
Memorial University of NL, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Wayne Soper, Chair, ICSC International Centre
Sustainable Cities, and Retired Vice President, Duke
Energy, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Paul Sprout, Director General Pacific Region, Fisheries
and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jodi Stark, Marine Campaign Coordinator, Canadian
Parks and Wilderness Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Richard Prokopanko (or designate), Alcan Canada,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Karen Starr, Coordinator, Area Management Agreements
and Shieldaig Export Company Limited, Sheildaig,
Scotland
Sapta Putra, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and
Fisheries, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
Michael Stevenson, President, Simon Fraser University,
Burnaby, BC, Canada
Catherine Rigg, PhD. Candidate, Geography, Simon Fraser
University, Haida Gwaii, BC
Keith Stoodley, LOTEK Wireless Fish & Wildlife
Monitoring, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Jamie Ross, PhD Candidate, Resource Management and
Environmental Studies, University of British Columbia
and past Fellow, Action Canada, Vancouver
Eric Tamm, Communications Manager, Ecotrust Canada,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
22
Participants
Stan Tobin, Ship Cove, Placentia Bay, NL, Canada
Peter Tyedmers, Assistant Professor and Program
Coordinator, Resource and Environmental Studies,
Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Gert van Santen, former Sr. Fisheries Specialist, World
Bank, Bethesda, USA
Marjo Vierros, Programme Officer, Marine and Coastal
Biological Diversity Secretariat, Convention on Biological
Diversity, Montreal, Canada
Kelly Vodden, PhD Candidate, Department of Geography,
Simon Fraser University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Joanne Vokey, formerly One Ocean, St. John’s, NL
Carl Walters, Professor, Fisheries Centre, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Mike Warren, Executive Director, Policy and Planning, NL
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, St. John’s, NL,
Canada
Maureen Woodrow, Executive Officer GECHS, Geography
and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa,
ON, Canada
Doug Yurick, Chief, Marine Program Coordination, Parks
Canada, Gatineau, Canada
Mark Zacharias, Manager, Ocean Sciences Office, BC
Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Victoria,
BC
23
Biographies
Muhammad Akhtar is the Senior Safety Inspector of
Marine Safety for the Pacific Region of Transport Canada.
He resides in Vancouver, BC.
Jackie Alder is a research associate with the Fisheries
Centre at the University of British Columbia. Her
research interests include fisheries policy, community
based management of marine areas, MPA management,
coastal planning and management. She has worked
throughout Southeast Asia, the IndoPacific, Australia and
Canada. She is a member of the editorial advisory board
for Coastal Management and reviews manuscripts for a
number of journals.
Ray Andrews, currently Director of Government and
Industry Relations with Fishery Products International
Limited, has spent over 40 years involved in the fishing
industry at many levels, beginning as a summer student
cod-trap fishing and working at a salt fish processing
plant in his hometown of Port de Grave, Newfoundland.
A Memorial University graduate in Science, he started
off with the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans
as a Fishery Officer responsible for fish inspection,
conservation and protection, then as District Inspection
Officer and Area Manager in central Newfoundland and
Labrador and finally as Policy and Political advisor to the
Federal Minister. Ray also served with the Department
of Fisheries in the Province of Newfoundland and
Labrador, first as Assistant Deputy Minister for Planning
and Development and later as Deputy Minister for
seven years. He also served on a number of agencies
directly and indirectly involved with the fishery, including
Director of the Canadian Saltfish Corporation, ViceChairman of the Fisheries Loan Board for Newfoundland
and Labrador, Member of the Northern Cod Task Force,
Director of the Marine Institute Board of Governors
and the Chairman of the Newfoundland and Labrador
Fisheries Development Corporation. Having retired from
government in 1993, Ray established his own consulting
firm, Andrews Port Services Limited, dealing primarily
in fisheries policy and planning areas. In this capacity,
he has been representing a number of individual fishharvesting fleet sectors and has been an advisor to the
Nunavut Wildlife Management Board and Department of
Sustainable Development, Government of Nunavut.
24
Nancy Baron is the Ocean Science Outreach Director
for SeaWeb and COMPASS (Communication
Partnership for Science and the Sea). She is also the
lead communications trainer for the Aldo Leopold
Leadership Program. In these capacities, she works
with environmental scientists helping them translate
their work effectively to journalists, the public and policy
makers. She and her SeaWeb team keep their fingers on
the pulse of important marine conservation science and
have instituted a scientists’ network that tracks science
through its various stages of inception and development.
When important new science is published, she helps the
scientists translate their results and hone their messages
in order to be more readily understood and relevant.
She also leads communications training workshops for
a variety of institutions and professional affiliations for
both academic scientists and graduate students and post
docs. Nancy has a interdisciplinary Masters degree from
the University of British Columbia and a B.Sc. in Zoology.
Julia Baum is a Doctoral candidate in the Department
of Biology, Dalhousie University and a Killam
Scholar. Her doctoral research, co-supervised by Drs.
Jeffrey Hutchings and Ransom Myers, investigates
reasons marine fish populations fail to recover from
overexploitation. In her Masters’ thesis at Dalhousie
(2002), she estimated substantial pelagic shark declines
in the Northwest Atlantic. Baum also holds a B.Sc. from
McGill University (1999).
Leah Bendell-Young, Professor in the Department
of Biological Sciences at SFU, holds a Ph.D. (1990)
in zoology and geochemistry and a B.Sc. in zoology
and chemistry, both from the University of Toronto.
She accepted her appointment (Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC)-University
Research Fellowship) in Biological Sciences at Simon
Fraser University in July 1993. She is a member of the
Center for Coastal Studies and co-investigator of the
Linking Science and Local Knowledge Node of the
Oceans Management Research Network. She has served
as chair of the undergraduate Environmental Science
Steering Committee, (1998–2000) and has developed
and taught courses related to environmental science
including Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxoicology
for 10 years. She has written over 80 articles focused
on determining the impact of anthropogenic activities
on ecosystem structure and function. She is a recent
co-editor (with P. Gallaugher) of the book Waters in Peril
Biographies
(Kluwer Academic Publishing), which serves to highlight
the current state of our oceans. She is currently principal
investigator of a major five-year Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council Strategic Grant entitled
“Towards a sustainable shellfish industry” whose focus
is on the development of practices that will allow the
development of an environmentally benign sustainable
shellfish industry. In collaboration with DFO and MAFF,
she is also funded by Environment Canada and the
Province of BC to determine sources of cadmium to
oysters along the west coast of BC, Canada.
Glenn Blackwood, has been actively involved in the
fishery for more than 20 years in the areas of fisheries
research and development and has national and
international experience in resource management.
During the 1980s and early 1990s, while working for the
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador as Director
of Resource Analysis and later as ADM, Fisheries,
Glenn represented the Province on numerous regional
advisory committees including the Northern Cod Science
Program. He also participated in international fisheries
bodies such as NAFO, NASCO and ICES and from 1993
to 1997 represented the Province of Newfoundland and
Labrador on the Fisheries Resource Conservation Council
of Canada. In 1997 Glenn became the Managing Director
of the Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation at the
Marine Institute (MI) in St. John’s NL, an organization
focused on the research and development needs of the
fishery and aquaculture industries. In October 2000
he became the Director of the newly created Centre for
Sustainable Aquatic Resources at the MI and in this role
he continues to be focused on the applied research and
development of the fisheries and ocean sectors.
Jason Boire is an oceans advisor in Fisheries and
Oceans Canada Ottawa. Over the years he has been
involved in developing and implementing regional and
national oceans stewardship programs. He is currently
working towards the advancement of Integrated Oceans
Management and Marine Environmental Quality in
Canada. Jason’s involvement in a wide variety of oceanrelated initiatives includes volunteering in Spain to assist
in the aftermath of the Prestige oil spill; teaching youth
on how to identify and monitor intertidal organisms on
the West Coast of Canada; and sitting on the 2004-06
Coastal Zone Canada Association Board of Directors. He
holds degrees in Biology and Marine Management.
Hugo Cameron is a Senior Associate with the Genevabased International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development (ICTSD). Working over the past year in
Tanzania, he has assisted the Tanzanian Ministry of
Industry and Trade to develop policy positions in a
range of areas, including on establishing a Fisheries
Partnership Agreement with the European Union.
As Director of ICTSD’s programme on trade and
environment, Hugo works closely with developing
countries on building negotiating strategies for WTO
talks on trade and environment. He has published
in a wide range of areas in trade and sustainable
development, including on negotiations on fisheries
subsidies, and holds an MA in political science
(international relations) from Simon Fraser University.
Bruce Chapman is a principal policy analyst with the New
Zealand Seafood Industry Council, the representative
body for the fishing industry in New Zealand. In 2004
he completed a term as Deputy Director of the Pacific
Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) in Honiara,
Solomon Islands. FFA provides advice to Pacific
Island countries on the management of the western
and central Pacific tuna fishery. Prior to working for
the fishing industry Bruce spent ten years working in
natural resource management for a variety of New
Zealand government agencies (including the Ministries
of Environment, Science, Agriculture and Forestry).
He started his career working for the New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute in the 1980s.
Murray Chatwin is Vice President Fisheries Management
for Ocean Fisheries Ltd., which he joined in 1970 as a
student working on fishing vessels. He earned a Bachelor
of Commerce in economics from the University of
British Columbia in 1972, and began working for the
company full-time. He is a licensed Ship’s Master and,
in his present position, is responsible for the company’s
fishing fleet, overseeing all of its salmon, herring and
groundfish operations in British Columbia. Murray is
active in several industry groups, including the Central
Coast Advisory Board, the Fraser Panel of the Pacific
Salmon Commission, the Groundfish Trawl Advisory
Committee, the Groundfish Special Industry Committee,
Director of the Groundfish Research and Conservation
Society and the South Coast Advisory Board. He is Vice
President and Chairman of the Planning and Operations
Committee for the Hake Consortium of British Columbia
and a member of the BC Salmon Industry Marine
Stewardship Certification Steering Committee.
25
Biographies
Eva Cheung Robinson brings over twenty years of
experience working with the voluntary sector in British
Columbia, Canada and internationally. From 1980 to
1995, she was involved in the international development
field and managed community projects in China, India
and the Dominican Republic. From 1995 to 1998, she
was the Executive Director of the Social Planning and
Research Council of BC, working with a cross section of
community organizations in the areas of social policy,
applied research and evaluations. Since 1999, Eva has
been a Program Director for Vancouver Foundation,
the largest community foundation in Canada with a
mandate for all of British Columbia. She is responsible
for the areas of environment as well as community based
health research. She brings experience both in research
and practice in the environment sector particularly in
community forestry issues. Her book “Greening At the
Grassroots: Alternative Forestry Strategies in India”
(Sage Publications,1997) outlines a case for integrating
indigenous knowledge systems.
Omer Chouinard is professor of Sociology and director
of the Environmental Studies program at the Université
de Moncton. He has been involved in the sustainable
development of fishing communities for 30 years. He
works on governance and community capacity building
in the context of the new rural economy, and is a member
of the Linking Science and Local Knowledge Node of
the Ocean Management Research Network researching
the effects of sea level rise on the southeastern coast of
New Brunswick. He also studies the cultural impact of
migration from New Brunswick’s rural Acadian fishing
communities to urban areas.
Patrick Christie recently concluded a three-year research
project in the Philippines and Indonesia that studied
why coastal environmental management processes
break down over time. His current research projects
include the linked socio-ecological dimensions of
marine protected areas and the feasibility of ecosystem
based management models in the Philippines. Patrick
conducted his graduate research on the Caribbean
Coast of Nicaragua where he studied the potential
of participatory research, which engaged coastal
community members as researchers, to improve
environmental management. Prior to his academic
work, Patrick was involved in the implementation of a
community-based marine sanctuary in the Philippines as
a Peace Corps Volunteer. As an Assistant Professor in the
26
School of Marine Affairs at the University of Washington,
Patrick teaches about marine protected areas, coastal
management, and environmental management in the
tropics.
Linda Coady is Vice President, Pacific Region, for World
Wildlife Fund Canada. Before joining WWF in 2003,
Linda was a 20-year veteran in the BC forest industry
and a Vice President of Environment for MacMillan
Bloedel and Weyerhaeuser’s BC Coastal Operations
after Weyerhaeuser bought MacMillan Bloedel in 1999.
She pioneered a series of initiatives that helped reduce
conflict over coastal forests and respond to market
demand for improved environmental performance. Linda
lives in Vancouver with her husband and two children.
Starting April 1, 2005, Linda will be the Vice President of
Sustainability for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Roger Creasey is the Manager of Ecosystem
Management in Shell Canada, and thus participates
in projects across Canada. In this role he applies
the principles of environmental management and
sustainable development, and key aspects of project
design and operations in Shell. He has been involved in
the environmental aspects of energy development for 29
years. Roger is also an adjunct professor in the Faculty of
Environmental Design at the University of Calgary, and
is a Director of the Miistakis Institute for Environmental
Research.
Andrew Day was born and raised in Vancouver, BC.
He has a law degree and a Ph.D (SFU) in resource
and environmental management. He was intimately
involved in the development and implementation of
the Westcoast Vancouver Island Aquatic Management
Board, where he is currently Executive Director. Andrew
also works as a consultant specializing in aquatic issues
and multi-party negotiations, and has worked as a
commercial fishermen, diver, wildlife guide, actor, and
smokejumper in the Yukon, Europe and Africa.
William de la Mare has worked on a wide range of
topics of broad interest in the School of Resource
Environmental Management (REM) at Simon Fraser
University. He has been very influential in international
and national conservation and management bodies, both
in science and policy development. He has specialized
in the development of management methods for marine
living resources, including extensive experience in the
Biographies
development of statistical methods for the scientific
assessment of marine mammals, fish and seabirds.
William was an early developer of the precautionary
approach to the management of capture fisheries and
before joining SFU he was Principal Research Scientist at
the Australian Antarctic Division.
Ken Denman is a Senior Scientist at the Canadian Centre
for Climate Modelling and Analysis of the Meteorological
Service of Canada, located at the University of Victoria,
and is employed by the Institute of Ocean Sciences
of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Ken is an
Adjunct Professor at the University of Victoria and the
University of British Columbia. He is a Coordinating
Lead Author of a chapter in the Fourth Assessment
Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), titled “Couplings between changes in the
climate system and biogeochemistry”. He serves on the
Board of Directors of the Canadian Surface Ocean Lower
Atmosphere Study (C-SOLAS), on the Scientific Steering
Committee of the international SOLAS project, and
on the Joint Scientific Committee of the World Climate
Research Programme. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society
of Canada.
Suzan Dionne détient un baccalauréat en sciences
spécialisé en biologie marine et une maîtrise en
administration internationale (MBA) en relation avec
la Convention sur la biodiversité et la Convention
sur les droits de la mer. Spécialiste de la gestion des
écosystèmes marins à Parcs Canada depuis plus de
15 ans, elle a participé à la création du parc marin du
Saguenay–Saint-Laurent (PMSSL). Elle a collaboré à la
mise en œuvre de plusieurs projets de recherche et a
coordonné la réalisation du plan de conservation des
écosystèmes du PMSSL. Suzan Dionne a également été
membre de plusieurs comités nationaux travaillant pour
l’avenir des parcs: le comité de design pour la formation
sur l’intégrité écologique destinée aux employés et aux
partenaires de Parcs Canada; le comité pour l’élaboration
de la Stratégie scientifique; et le Comité national pour le
cadre d’orientation des prises de décisions concernant
la planification et la gestion des aires marines de
conservation.
Suzan Dionne holds a BSc specializing in Marine
Biology and a Master’s degree in International Public
Administration (MBA) related to The Law of the Sea
and the Convention on Biological Diversity. As a
marine ecosystem management specialist for more
than fifteen years, Suzan participated in the creation
of the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park (SSLMP).
She has initiated numerous research projects and
was responsible for coordinating the realisation of the
Saguenay–St. Lawrence Ecosystem Management Plan.
This required working in collaboration with many federal
and provincial departments, the Essipit Montagnais
Community (Aboriginal), the scientific community,
NGOs, as well as with regional stakeholders. In addition,
Suzan Dionne has sat on several national committees
working for the future of the parks: the Design
Committee for the Ecological Integrity Training Program
for Parks Canada employees and partners, the committee
for the development of Parks Canada Scientific Strategy,
and the national committee for the development of the
Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Framework
for Program Concepts.
Mika Diop, né à Maghama (Mauritanie), est titulaire
d’un doctorat de 3e cycle obtenu devant l’Université de
Brest (France) en 1988. De 1988 à 2004, il a travaillé à
l’Institut Mauritanien de recherche Océanographiques
et des Pêches (IMROP) en occupant successivement les
fonctions de responsable du programmes Mollusques
Bivalves et Crustacés, coordinateur général des
programmes scientifiques (1988–1997), coordinateur du
projet Appui à la Conservation, Gestion et Valorisation
de l’Ecosystème du Banc d’Arguin (1997–1998); directeur
Adjoint de l’IMROP (1998–2004). Depuis janvier 2005,
il coordonne le projet Plan Sous régional d’Action pour
la Gestion et la Conservation des Populations de
Requins – PSRA-Requins – de la Commission Sous
Régionale des Pêches (CSRP).
Mika Diop, a biologist, born in Maghama, Mauritania,
received his PhD at the University of Brest in France in
1988. From 1988 to 2004 he worked at the Mauritanian
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Research
(IMROP) as the coordinator of projects regarding
bivalve mollusks and crustaceans. He was Coordinator
of Scientific Programs from 1988 to 1997, followed by
Project Coordinator of Conservation, Management and
Valuing the Banc D’Arguin ecosystem from1997 to 1998
and Co-Director of IMROP from 1998–2004. Since
January 2005, Dr. Diop is the Project Coordinator of the
strategic plan for management and conservation of shark
populations for the Sub Regional Fisheries Commission
(CSRP).
27
Biographies
Bebeb Djundjunan, has been Consul for Consular
Affairs at the Consulate General of the Republic of
Indonesia in Vancouver, BC, since August 2001. He
joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic
of Indonesia in 1989 and from 1994 to 1998 served
as second secretary for Political Affairs-Legal officer
at the Indonesian Permanent Mission to the UN in
Geneva. He was Head of Law of the Sea at the Ministry’s
Directorate of International Treaties from 1998 to 2001.
With an international law background from Padjadjaran
University and the University of Kent, Bebeb participated
in a 2002 Cohort on Conflict and Analysis Management
at Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, and has also
presented and participated in a number of international/
regional meetings on the Law of the Sea and MarineFisheries issues. He has been a member/secretary of
the Indonesian delegations to regional and international
meetings, among others, WIPO, WTO, UNCHR, ICRC,
IFRC, UNCC, Int’l Humanitarian Affairs and Multilateral
Negotiations, IMO, Meeting of the State Parties to the
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), ISBA,
Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea,
and ASEAN. Other related activities include serving as
Associate Member of the UN Diplomatic Community
Geneva, Vice Chairman of Foreign Affairs Division, the
Indonesian Intellectual Property Society, and Member of
Conflict Resolution Network Canada.
Jens Enemark, originally from Denmark, has degrees in
history and political science. He is currently the Secretary
General of the Common Wadden Sea Secretariat,
situated in Wilhelmshaven, Germany and has held
this position since the Secretariat’s establishment in
1987. The Common Wadden Sea Secretariat is a joint
secretariat established in the framework of the DanishGerman-Dutch collaboration on the Protection of the
Wadden Sea, a shared marine nature area.
Anna Erastus is the Director of Planning and Economics
for the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in
Windhoek, Namibia.
Alison Evans is currently the Executive Director of
the Ocean Management Research Network as well as
Director of Coastal Planners, a planning and design
research group. She teaches Integrated Coastal and
Oceans Planning at Dalhousie University in Nova
Scotia, Canada. She is also associate Canadian Chair,
Saltwater Network and a staff planner with the Bay of
28
Fundy Marine Resource Centre. Her career has been
built on community and stewardship work, and coastal
use planning. Focused in the Bay of Fundy, she has
worked throughout Atlantic Canada as a biologist and
coastal and ocean planner for over 25 years. In her
work, she helps communities to articulate and meet
their goals and links community initiatives with science
and coastal planning. In her research, she investigates
planning, spatial design, community networks, and the
broad questions of integrated management in coastal
and ocean regions. Alison’s current research is on
community-based governance and what it means to be
an oceans and coastal planner and predictive modeling
based on community design – for which she and her
group this year have won two national awards.
Stephen Farber, Professor of Public and Urban Affairs
at the University of Pittsburgh, holds a Ph.D. in
economics from Vanderbilt University. His research and
policy interests are in valuing and managing natural
capital. He has particular interests in the valuation
and management of wetlands systems. He has served
as consultant and advisory board member for coastal
management, National Academy of Sciences, and
watershed management organizations. Steve has shared
his knowledge about valuing natural resources in two
previous dialogue sessions held at the Wosk Centre for
Dialogue : Water and the Future of Life on Earth (2002),
and the World Summit on Salmon (2003).
Susan Farlinger, attending from Fisheries and Oceans
Canada, is the Regional Director Oceans, Habitat and
Enhancement since 2002. Oceans was integrated with
the habitat portfolio in March of 2004 bringing the
principles and guidance of the Oceans Act into day to
day regulatory programs, and integrating the planning
capacities developed fresh water with those developing
in the marine environment. The immediate focus of
DFO’s Pacific Oceans program is the development of an
ecosystem overview in preparation for the Pacific North
Coast Integrated Management Plan. Consultation on a
framework for this process will begin in the new fiscal
year. Ms. Farlinger has worked with DFO since the mid
1970s as a research biologist, fishery manager, treaty
negotiator both in the field and as a regional manager
before coming to Oceans. She is a mother of five, an avid
gardner, sailor and hiker.
Biographies
Bridget Ferriss currently works in marine environmental
policy, with a background in oceanography, marine
mammal science, fisheries environmental indicators, and
policy. After completing a BSc in oceanography (UBC)
and a Masters degree in Marine Affairs (UW), she went
to work in the US Senate as a Knauss Sea Grant Fellow.
Staying in the Washington DC area, Bridget now works in
the Ecosystem Observations Program with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Ian Fleming is Director of the Ocean Sciences Centre
of Memorial University of Newfoundland. His research
integrates perspectives from ecology and evolution
with fishery and conservation biology, and his areas
of expertise include fish behavioral and evolutionary
ecology, reproduction, life history, maternal effects
and population biology. He has worked extensively on
the conservation of wild salmon populations and the
ecological effects of marine finfish aquaculture. He
has also served in a number of capacities related to
fisheries research and policy, including the review panel
of the National Research Council (US) on the Status
of Atlantic Salmon in Maine (2002-4), Co-chair of the
Scientific Advisory Board of the Cooperative Institute for
Marine Resources Studies at Oregon State University,
the Northwest Power Planning Council’s Artificial
Propagation Assessment Committee and the Steering
Committee of the Norwegian Institute for Nature
Research’s program on Effects of Ecosystem Changes
on Biodiversity. Ian has previously held academic/
research positions at the Hatfield Marine Science
Center of Oregon State University (2001-04) and the
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (1991–2001),
and continues to hold adjunct status at both institutes,
as well as at the University of Siena.
The Honourable John A. Fraser was born in Yokohama,
Japan and raised in Vancouver. He graduated from the
University of British Columbia and practised law until
his election to the House of Commons. During his
years in Parliament, John Fraser served in key positions,
including Minister for the Environment and Minister of
Fisheries. He was the first person to have been elected
Speaker of the House of Commons by his peers, a
practice instituted in 1986. In 1994, John Fraser was
selected to head the Fraser River Sockeye Public Review
Board investigating the salmon fishery. He subsequently
represented Canada as Ambassador for the Environment,
responsible for Canadian follow-up to commitments
made at the United Nations Rio Conference on
Environment and Development. In September 1998, John
was appointed Chair of the Pacific Fisheries Resource
Conservation Council. From 1996 to 2003 he chaired the
Minister of Defence’s Monitoring Committee on Change
in the Canadian Forces. He also chairs the Parliamentary
Precinct Oversight Advisory Committee. John Fraser is
a Queen’s Counsel, an officer of the Order of Canada
and a member of the Order of British Columbia and he
holds the Canadian Forces Decoration. He was awarded
honorary Doctor of Laws degrees by Simon Fraser
University, St. Lawrence University and the University of
British Columbia for his contributions to parliamentary
government and environmental causes.
Patricia Gallaugher is Director of Continuing Studies in
Science, Director of the Centre for Coastal Studies (which
she co-founded), and Adjunct Professor in Biosciences
at SFU. Formerly a professor of Biology at Memorial
University of Newfoundland, she is co-editor of a
volume on marine conservation, Waters in Peril (Kluwer
Academic Publications) and co-author of several book
chapters, including Tying it Together Along the BC Coast
in Fishing Places, Fishing People (University of Toronto
Press). She has co-authored several recent articles on
selective fishing research conducted in partnership with
members of the BC commercial salmon fishing fleet,
coastal communities and Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
This work was recognized in 2002 with the Vancouver
Aquarium Murray Newman Award for Excellence in
Aquatic and Marine Conservation Research. A member
of the BC Ministry of Energy and Mines Scientific
Panel on Offshore Oil and Gas Development in 2002
and the federal (DFO) panel studying Partnering the
Fishery in 1998, Patricia has been involved in a number
of programs dealing with coast and ocean resource
sustainability issues in British Columbia and Atlantic
Canada. Recently, she helped to organize workshops on
Examining Best Practices in Coastal Zone Management
in Alert Bay, BC, Vulnerability in Coastal Communities
and Adaptation to Change in Change Islands, NL, and
the Future of Canada’s Coastal Communities: Some Case
Studies at the recent Coastal Zone Management Canada
2004 conference in St. John’s NL.
29
Biographies
Alison Gill is a social geographer who specializes
in tourism. She has a special interest in community
development and planning issues in tourist
environments which has evolved from an earlier
research interest in the planning and design of single
industry mining communities. Alison’s recent research
has focused on community processes associated with
tourism related change in mountain environments,
and is also interested in coastal and marine tourism.
Alison is the Principal Investigator of the Linking Science
and Local Knowledge node of the Ocean Management
Research Network. She is a Professor in the School of
Resource and Environmental Management, and the
Department of Geography, and Associate Dean, Faculty
of Arts and Social Sciences, Simon Fraser University.
Terry Glavin is a Canadian conservationist and the
author of several books whose most recent major work,
“The Last Great Sea: A Voyage Through the Human
and Natural History of the North Pacific Ocean”, won
the 2001 Hubert Evans Prize as well as the Roderick
Haig-Brown conservation award from the North Pacific
chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Terry was
a founding member of the Pacific Fisheries Resource
Conservation Council and has worked with a variety of
conservation organizations in British Columbia. He is
currently the marine conservation adviser to the Sierra
Club of Canada, B.C. chapter. He is also the editor of
Transmontanus Books and a frequent contributor to
various newspapers and magazines in Canada.
Ian Graham-Bryce is a member of the Royal Commission
on Environmental Pollution and former Principal and
Vice Chancellor of the University of Dundee. A physical
chemist by training and a graduate of the University of
Oxford, Ian Graham-Bryce pursued a research career in
academia, industry and public sector institutes before
becoming Head of Environmental Affairs for Shell
International. In addition to his main career, Ian GrahamBryce has contributed widely in other areas. He is a Past
World President of the Society of Chemical Industry,
the Association of Applied Biologists and the British
Crop Production Council as well as holding academic
appointments, serving on government and industry
advisory bodies and editorial Boards of a wide range
of Journals. Ian has been a member of the UK Natural
Environment Research Council and is immediate Past
President of the Scottish Association for Marine Science
(now Vice-President).
30
Leslie Grattan has used her formal training in marine
sciences (BSc Honours), University of Guelph;
MSc, University of Waterloo) to address practical
environmental protection issues on Canada’s east
coast for more than twenty-five years. Leslie has worked
primarily within the offshore petroleum industry,
bracketed with stints in the federal government and,
as Deputy Minister, in the provincial government,
Newfoundland and Labrador. During all stages of
offshore development, from exploration to production,
Leslie worked extensively with the fishing industry and
communities to ensure their understanding and input to
offshore development activities. While in the provincial
government, she strengthened inter-departmental work
on oceans issues and, with the Department of Fisheries
and Oceans Canada, initiated work on integrated
management planning in Placentia Bay. Leslie now has
her own consulting firm, Leslie Grattan and Associates,
focussing on policy analysis and development, integrated
coastal management, environmental planning and
project management. Leslie is an active member
of the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering
Committee (ACZISC), Ocean Management Research
Network (OMRN), the Newfoundland and Labrador
Legacy Nature Trust, Canada Stewardship 2006 and is
on the Board of Directors of the Coastal Zone Canada
Association.
Sylvie Guénette is a research associate in the marine
mammal research unit at the Fisheries Centre at
University of British Columbia. Previously, Sylvie worked
for different ministries in the Province of Québec and
for the University of Québec in Montréal on various
projects relating to fish ecology and fisheries which
led to the publication of several papers and reports.
Her experience includes manipulation of landings data
sets and reconstruction of missing fishing effort from
auxiliary information sources. Her PhD thesis was on the
use of marine reserves for migrating fish. She has also
worked on ecosystem modelling in various locations
in the North Atlantic within the Sea Around Us Project.
Currently, Sylvie is completing a project focused on
understanding the causes of the decline of Steller sea
lions in the Gulf of Alaska using ecosystem modelling.
Richard Haedrich is a biological oceanographer and
ichthyologist with broad research experience in the
systematics and biology of fish. He is well-known for his
work on the biogeography and ecology of deep-sea fishes
Biographies
which often focuses on the relationships of fishes to their
environment. This has led him, with his students, to
research on the fisheries, both commercial marine and,
and the freshwater recreational salmonid fishery. Richard
is the author of over 120 publications, with recent topics
especially focussed on changes in the fishery ecosystem
of Newfoundland before, during and after its major
collapse. Other recent work has ranged from the remote
satellite sensing of ocean colour off Newfoundland to
salmon in urban rivers and even to the existence of
communities in the deep sea. Beyond his own research
interests, Richard’s administrative responsibilities,
first as the Director of the Newfoundland Institute of
Cold Ocean Science, the Marine Sciences Research
Laboratory, and the Director of Memorial’s expanded
Ocean Sciences Center gave him a broad overview of
aquatic research generally. He has been chief scientist
on numerous scientific research cruises, beginning
at Woods Hole and continuing on DFO ships out of
the Bedford Institute. Now an emeritus professor, he
taught courses at Memorial University for many years
in his specialities - Fisheries Biology and Oceanic
Biogeography – as well as Introductory Ecology. He
served as the first co-chair of COSEWIC’s Marine Fish
Specialist Subcommittee from 1999 to 2004.
Peter Harrison was previously Deputy Minister
(Permanent Secretary) of Fisheries and Oceans
Canada (DFO); Deputy Minister of Natural Resources
Canada (NRCan); the founding Deputy Minister of The
Leadership Network, and Associate Deputy Minister of
Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC). He
has worked at the Assistant Deputy Minister (ADM)
level in the Department of Finance, the Privy Council
(Cabinet) Office, the Department of Indian Affairs
and Northern Development, the Canadian Centre for
Management Development and Revenue Canada. Peter’s
research, writing and lecturing focus on ocean and
coastal zone management, with a particular emphasis
on the Arctic. He is actively engaged in promoting the
government of Canada’s involvement in and support for
the upcoming International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008.
Peter Harrison’s role is to promote Canada’s ratification
of the law of the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea (which happened in November, 2003), to
promote and develop the Oceans Action Plan as outlined
in the recent Speech From The Throne, and to propose
options concerning Canada’s efforts in Oceans Science,
Technology, Innovation and Commercialisation.
Peter Heffernan obtained his BSc (Hons) and PhD
in marine science from the National University of
Ireland, Galway. He then held a post-doctoral position
at University of Georgia in 1985, where he became an
Associate Professor/Research Scientist. On his return
to Ireland in 1992 Dr. Heffernan was manager in the
Martin Ryan Institute in National University of Ireland,
Galway, and in 1993 was appointed as Chief Executive of
the Marine Institute, Ireland’s national agency for marine
RTDI. Since then the Marine Institute has grown from
a staff of one to more than 150 and an initial budget of
under €0.3M has grown to €30M (2002) and is still
growing. The Institute covers a number of service areas:
Marine Environment and Health Services; Fisheries
Science Services; Oceanographic Science Services;
Aquaculture and Catchment Management Services; Irish
Maritime Development Office; Strategic Planning and
Development Services; and Corporate Services.
Arlo Hemphill is the Manager of “Defying Ocean’s
End (DOE)” coordination efforts with Conservation
International (CI). As part of CI’s Global Marine
Division, Arlo works to create collaborative efforts within
the greater conservation community to further the
implementation of key recommendations emerging from
the DOE Agenda, a ten-year action plan for global ocean
conservation. A marine biologist, conservationist and
resource manager, Arlo has worked in numerous tropical
marine, island, montane, riverine, and neotropical forest
ecosystems in conjunction with CI, the Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, the U.S. National Park
Service, Nova Southeastern University’s Oceanographic
Center, the Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation
Program, and Ecuador’s Jatun Sacha Foundation. Arlo
also co-founded the Congal Biomarine Reserve - a
privately-run mangrove and aquaculture research station
in coastal Ecuador. He is currently active in high seas
policy initiatives and maintains research interests in
coral reef and epipelagic fishes.
31
Biographies
Hans Herrmann is a marine ecologist with over 20
years experience in the field of biodiversity conservation,
protected areas and natural resource policy. He is Head
of the Biodiversity Program at the Commission for
Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and is responsible for
coordinating the following North American initiatives:
the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy, the networks
of protected areas in the Baja to Bering and the
grasslands regions, and the conservation action plans
for the leatherback sea turtle, the humpback whale,
the ferruginous hawk, the pink-footed shearwater, the
burrowing owl and the black-tailed prairie dog. Before
joining the CEC Hans was the General Director of
Pronatura, a Mexican conservation NGO. Prior to that,
he was the Science Director at the Scientific Research
Center of Quintana Roo (CIQRO) and responsible
for the scientific work and management of the Sian
Ka’an Biosphere Reserve. While in Mexico, Hans
served in the National Advisory Councils of Protected
Areas, Sustainable Development, and Forestry. At the
National Forestry Council he served as the Chairman of
International Affairs. At the international level, Hans was
very active as head of the Mesoamerican Delegation at
IUCN, and as a Mesoamerican representative of the GEF
Focal Points Network. He is currently a member of the
Board of Directors of Instituto Mexico de los Recursos
Renovables and the NGO Sea Watch.
Rod Hesp is a Master Mariner, with a B.A. (UK), and
M.Ed. (MUN) who has served at sea since 1964. Rod has
held the position as master on deep sea cargo vessels,
offshore supply and seismic vessels on the east coast of
Canada as well as with numerous deliveries around the
world. He was department head of nautical education
and training at Marine Institute in St. John’s, NL and
later with the Pacific Marine Institute in B.C. He also
held the position as a Newfoundland High Court Marine
Advisor on the coastal 200 mile zone for several years.
Rod has developed and introduced graduate and post
graduate programs in Shipping and Marine Operations
to the marine industry in Canada and Jamaica, and has
published several related reference texts. Rod is presently
senior master with BC Ferries.
Marc Hershman has special expertise in the laws,
policies and public administrative practice affecting
the coastal zone. He has taught coastal and marine
resources law at the University of Washington for over
20 years. Marc’s courses and research emphasize
the Public Trust Doctrine, public and private rights
in shoreline, intertidal and submerged lands, design
and implementation of coastal management laws and
regulations, seaport development and management,
legal regimes for wetlands, and laws affecting
management of offshore resources such as oil and gas,
fisheries, marine mammals, endangered species, water
quality and protected areas. He has written extensively
on the need for a renewed ocean policy for the United
States and was appointed in 2001 by President Bush to
the US Commission on Ocean Policy.
Mark Hipfner has conducted research on the ecology
of marine birds in Alaska, Canada’s eastern Arctic,
Newfoundland and Labrador, and British Columbia
since 1989. Since 2001, Dr. Hipfner has been the
Seabird Population Biologist at the Pacific Wildlife
Research Centre, Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment
Canada), and also a Research Associate at Simon Fraser
University. His primary responsibilities are to oversee
the colonial seabird monitoring programme for the
Pacific and Yukon Region, CWS, and to direct the SFU
research programme at Triangle Island, British Columbia.
That research is mainly focused on trying to understand
linkages between conditions in the marine environment
and seabird demographic processes.
32
Philip Hill is a Research Scientist at the Geological
Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada). A
graduate of Oxford and Dalhousie Universities, he has
more than 25 years of experience in marine geological
research, including projects in the Atlantic, Pacific and
Arctic coastal waters as well as in Hudson Bay and the
Saint Lawrence estuary. Philip presently uses a suite of
tools such as multibeam swath mapping, high-resolution
seismic profiling, LIDAR and sediment transport
modeling in research aimed at ocean management and
climate change issues.
Biographies
Vicky Husband is the Conservation Chair at the Sierra
Club of Canada, BC Chapter. She has been a recognized
leader on conservation issues in BC for the last twenty
five years. She is focused on protecting old growth
forests, fish and wildlife, changing forest practises to
be more sustainable and land use planning. A leader
in the protection of Gwaii Haanas/South Moresby,
Khutzeymateen Grizzly Bear Sanctuary, Clayoquot Sound
and the protection of other critical ancient temperate
rainforests on Vancouver Island and the BC coast Vicky
has in recent years shifted her main focus to protection
of the marine realm, with emphasis on achieving more
sustainable fisheries, especially better management and
protection of groundfish and wild salmon, and reform
of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Vicky was awarded the
United Nations Global 500 Award in 1988, the Order of
BC in 2000, and the order of Canada in 2001.
Jeffrey Hutchings is Professor of Biology and Canada
Research Chair in Marine Conservation and Biodiversity
at Dalhousie University. As an evolutionary ecologist
whose research on fish life history evolution, behaviour,
and population biology has appeared in more than
85 peer-reviewed scientific publications, his work has
focused particularly on the conservation biology of
collapsed marine and anadromous fishes such as
Atlantic cod and Atlantic salmon. Dr Hutchings is Editor
of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences,
Non-Government Member of the “Committee on the
Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada” (COSEWIC),
and Member of the “Royal Society of Canada’s Expert
Panel on The Future of Food Biotechnology”.
Russ Jones is a fisheries consultant working mainly
with First Nation clients in British Columbia. He holds
a M.Sc. in fisheries (University of Washington) and is a
member of the Haida Nation. Russ serves as a Canadian
representative on the Pacific Salmon Commission and
the North Pacific Anadramous Fish Commission, which
are both international commissions involved in the
management, sharing and protection of Pacific salmon.
He has completed diverse assignments over the past 16
years in areas such as fisheries cooperative management,
marine protected areas, and watershed restoration. Russ
recently served as one of three panelists on the First
Nation Panel of Fisheries appointed by the BC Aboriginal
Fisheries Commission and First Nation Summit. Their
report on the shape of post-treaty fisheries was released
in May 2004, following hearings attended by First
Nations through the Province.
Bikramjit Kanjilal, Manager, Fleet Marine & Commercial
Operations joined Teekay in 2001 and is based in
Vancouver. He has over 30 years of shipping industry
experience, including twelve years spent in command
of ships. Prior to joining Teekay he worked with another
prominent tanker operator where he was involved
with the implementation of the International Safety
Management code and ISO standards within that fleet.
In his current role, Bikram is responsible for setting and
reviewing operational standards and policies related to
marine and commercial matters for the Teekay fleet.
Richard Kenchington is Chair of the Board of the
International Coral Reef Action Network, Visiting
Professor, Centre for Maritime Policy, University of
Wollongong and principal of a specialist consultant
company RAC Marine Pty Ltd. Richard was a foundation
member of the staff of the Great Barrier Reef Marine
Park Authority (GBRMPA) in 1977 and retired in 1999 as
Executive Director of the Authority. His primary research
and consulting interests are management of marine
ecosystems, marine resource sustainability, nature based
tourism and marine protected areas.
Ilse Kiessling is a liaison officer for Australia’s National
Oceans Office, federal Department of Environment and
Heritage, and an adjunct fellow with the Key Centre
for Tropical Wildlife Management at Charles Darwin
University, Northern Territory Australia. In her role with
the Australian Government, Dr Kiessling is responsible
for implementing Australia’s Oceans Policy through
the development and application of an integrated,
collaborative and multi-sectoral process known as
regional marine planning. Ilse’s particular interest in
co-management of marine and coastal resources by
indigenous and non-indigenous people is the focus
of her fellowship with Charles Darwin University.
She has also worked as a consultant in marine and
coastal planning, a biologist in Antarctica, and as the
Natural Resource Policy Manager for the conservation
organization, WWF, in a marine conservation program
that spanned the Arafura and Timor Seas. Her PhD was
in integrated oceans management where she examined
the development, application and effectiveness of multisectoral management initiatives, including oceans policy
regimes, within federal Exclusive Economic Zones,
through case studies in Australia, Canada and the USA.
33
Biographies
Hartwig Kremer is Executive Officer of the Land Ocean
Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core-project
of the International Geosphere Biosphere Program
(IGBP), and the International Human Dimensions
Programme for Global Environmental Change. His
background covers biological oceanography and fisheries
(PhD in marine toxicology) and he holds a degree as
senior public advisor for fisheries economy. He gained
considerable experience in science dissemination and
capacity building at the WWF Wadden Sea office and as
head of a German program for ICZM and Food Security
vocational training targeted for young executives in
developing economies. Currently Hartwig is based
at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research.
During the last three years he has focussed on guiding
the transition of LOICZ towards a truly integrative
global experiment and the new Science Plan and
Implementation Strategy has recently been approved
(www.loicz.org). In collaboration with UNESCO, the
EU and intergovernmental Global Change Networks
in Asia and Latin America, Hartwig launched the
global LOICZ-Basins project providing regional expert
typologies on catchment – coast interactions, land-based
drivers, and trends and critical thresholds for coastal
functioning. Hartwig’s work strongly interfaces with the
UNESCO/IHP and IOC as well as the coastal Global
Oceans Observation System and Integrated Coastal Area
Management.
Steven Mackinson is a Senior Scientific Officer with
the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Science (CEFAS) in Lowestoft, UK. He has ten years
experience working in marine ecosystems around
the world. His particular research activities include
trophic modelling of ecosystems, application of
acoustic methods to behavioural ecology and fish
stock assessment and combining local and scientific
knowledge in fisheries research. Steven is a member of
the ICES Study Group on Multi-species Assessment in
the North Sea (SGMSNS) and the ICES working groups
on Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology.
Rikk Kvitek is a Professor in the Earth Systems Science
and Policy (ESSP) program at California State University,
Monterey Bay, and the Director of the CSUMB Seafloor
Mapping Laboratory. Rikk’s geospatial technology
curriculum includes GIS, GPS, and acoustic remote
sensing. The primary focus of his research has been in
high-resolution mapping of west coast benthic habitats
and communities critical to resource management
issues.
Genine McCurdy is a Senior Industry Officer with the
Energy and Marine Branch of Industry Canada. Her
focus is on industrial development primarily in the ocean
technology and shipbuilding sectors where she works on
both national and regional initiatives. Most of her work
has focused in the fields of industrial and community
economic development. In her varied and interesting
career with the federal government, Genine has worked
as the A/Director of Policy for the Regional Industry
Canada office, as an aerospace sector specialist, with
Western Economic Diversification and with Transport
Canada Air Administration.
Ken A MacInnis, QC, of Bedford, Nova Scotia, was
appointed to the public Office of Administrator of
the Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund of Canada by the
Governor General in Council in 1998, and again in 2004.
He received a B.A. from St. Dunstan’s University in PEI,
an L.L.B. from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
and, from the University of London, England, an LL.M in
maritime shipping law and international law of the sea.
34
Frank Maes has a Masters degree in Diplomatic Sciences,
a Masters degree in Shipping Law and a Ph.D. in Law
(Ghent University). He is professor of International
Environmental Law (Law Faculty), Environmental
Legislation (Faculty of Agriculture) and International
Environmental Protection of Oceans and Seas (Faculty
of Sciences – Marine Biology) at Ghent University. Frank
is also research director of the Maritime Institute (Ghent
University), promoter of various research projects and
author of publications related to the protection of the
marine environment (see http://www.maritieminstituut.
be or http://law.ugent.be/intpub). Frank is currently
involved in a marine spatial planning, decisions
supporting tools for fisheries, and drafting fresh water
legislation.
Karen McLeod is a marine ecologist and the Science
Coordinator for COMPASS (Communication Partnership
for Science and the Sea) at Oregon State University
(OSU). For her PhD research (also at OSU), she
Biographies
examined the effects of the spatial distribution of reefs
on predator-prey interactions among coral-reef fishes.
Currently, Karen works on the application of marine
ecology and resilience theory to marine ecosystem-based
management and the integration of marine ecology with
fisheries biology. She is broadly interested in the interface
between science and policy.
Lance Morgan is Chief Scientist with the Marine
Conservation Biology Institute MCBI), a US based nonprofit conservation organization focusing on the science
needed by decision-makers to protect, restore and
sustainably use the sea. Lance received his doctorate
in Ecology from the University of California-Davis, and
completed postdoctoral research at Bodega Marine
Laboratory and NOAA Fisheries before joining MCBI
in 2000. He currently serves as program manager
for MCBI’s west coast marine protected areas (MPA)
activities, and is lead author of “Priority Conservation
Areas, Baja California to the Bering Sea” a joint effort of
the nations of Mexico, Canada and the US. In 2003 Lance
co-authored the report “Shifting Gears: addressing the
collateral impacts of fishing in US waters”. His current
research projects include mapping deep-sea corals and
the impacts of destructive fishing practices to deep-sea
and seamount ecosystems. Lance is also an Affiliate
Professor at the University of Washington in the School
of Marine Affairs.
Peter Neill is Director of the World Ocean Observatory,
a place of exchange for ocean information, education
and public discourse, a project founded in 2004 as
a recommendation of the 1998 Independent World
Commission on the Future of the Oceans. Previously, he
served 19 years (1985–2004) as President of the South
Street Seaport Museum, New York. Peter also served
as past Director of Schooner, Inc., an environmental
education organization for Long Island Sound (1979–
1984); as past Director of the Connecticut Marine
Science Consortium (1982–1984); and as past Director
for Maritime Preservation, National Trust for Historic
Preservation (1984–1985). He is a graduate of Stanford
University and the University of Iowa. Peter is also past
President of the Council of American Maritime Museums
and of the International Congress of Maritime Museums
and is a co-founder of The Sound School, New Haven,
CT., and The Harbor School, New York, NY, two fullyaccredited public high schools that use maritime history
and environment as context for teaching and learning.
He has appeared on numerous television documentaries
on PBS, A & E, Discovery, and National Geographic
Society and his publications include three novels and
numerous non-fiction books on maritime subjects.
John Nightingale has a broad professional background
in aquatic sciences specialising in their use for public
education and conservation. His experience ranges
from curating living animal collections to developing
strategic and physical plans for both new and existing
aquarium institutions. He has managed all aspects of
aquarium development and operation. A professional
biologist and bio-engineer, John has been responsible
for the development and operation of some of the
best Aquarium life support and animal care systems in
operation. His background and lifelong work in public
communication, and both formal and informal public
education, make him a leader in the current rapid
development of new educational efforts in aquariums,
zoos and museums. During his twelve years at the
Vancouver Aquarium, he has guided the expansion of
the Aquarium’s leadership in conservation and research
while focusing operations on further developing its
financially self-supporting status. John has helped lead
and manage the development of new institutions such as
the Oregon Coast Aquarium, the Maui Ocean Center and
Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay, as well as existing ones such
as the New York Aquarium and the Seattle Aquarium.
Rudy North is the President of North Growth
Management Ltd and is a longstanding friend of Simon
Fraser University. A well-known member of Vancouver’s
business community, Rudy is one of the founders of
Philips, Hager & North Investment Management Ltd. As
anyone who knows Rudy can attest, investing is just one
of his many passions. While two of his primary interests
remain Vancouver’s universities and the west coast of BC
marine environment, over the years Rudy has become
involved with a wide variety of social and environmental
organizations seeking to improve the communities in
which we live. In recognition of his contribution to the
province of BC in areas in which the university has a
major interest, Rudy recently received the prestigious
Chancellor’s Distinguished Service Award from Simon
Fraser University.
35
Biographies
Marivic G. Pajaro’s involvement in various communitybased marine conservation projects started in 1989
when she joined a non-government organization
(Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural
Resources). She led projects such as training ornamental
fish collectors on alternatives to sodium cyanide use,
environmental education in fishing communities
and documentation of marine protected areas in the
Philippines. She was also the Philippines’ national
coordinator for Project Seahorse (now known as Project
Seahorse Foundation for Marine Conservation, Inc.)
before coming to Canada to pursue graduate studies.
Daniel Pauly became a Professor at the University of
British Columbia’s Fisheries Centre in 1994 after many
years at the International Centre for Living Aquatic
Resource Management (ICLARM), then in Manila,
Philippines. Daniel’s scientific output, mainly dedicated
to the management of fisheries, and to ecosystem
modeling, comprises numerous contributions to peerreviewed journals, authored and edited books, reports
and popular articles and the concepts, methods and
software he (co-) developed are in use throughout the
world. This applies notably to the ecosystem modeling
approach incorporated in the Ecopath software (see
www.ecopath.org ), to FishBase, the online encyclopedia
of fishes (see www.fishbase.org), and the global mapping
of fisheries trends (see www.seaaroundus.org). In 2001,
Daniel was awarded the Vancouver Aquarium Murray
Newman Award for Excellence in Marine Conservation
Research, and the Oscar E. Sette Award of the Marine
Fisheries Section, American fisheries Society. He was
named a ‘Honorarprofessor ‘at Kiel University, Germany
in late 2002. In 2003, he was named one of UBC’s
Distinguished University Scholars and elected a Fellow
of the Royal Society of Canada (Academy of Science). In
2004, he received the Roger Revelle Medal from IOC/
UNESCO, and the Award of Excellence of the American
Fisheries Society.
John Pierce is the Dean of Arts and Social Sciences at
Simon Fraser University. Prior to becoming Dean of
Arts, John was the Director of the Community Economic
Development Centre and Chair of the Department of
Geography at Simon Fraser University. He is a leading
scholar in sustainable land use, food resource and
community change. His most recent book is Second
Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural
36
British Columbia (UBC Press, 2005, co-authored with S.
Markey, K. Vodden and M. Roseland).
Richard Prokopanko as the Director of Corporate Affairs
for Alcan-B.C. manages a diverse range of social,
environmental, and economic issues related to Alcan’s
B.C. operations. These activities include fostering
relationships with governments, communities, and the
media, as well as the management of aboriginal affairs,
community investments, and external communications.
He also coordinates legal and environmental matters
in partnership with a management team in Kitimat and
assists Alcan’s head office in Montreal in addressing
national issues. Richard’s rounded background consists
of educational and practical experience in the field of
natural resources at the local, provincial, and national
levels. With 20 years of experience in natural resources
management, he has worked for large forest companies,
established and managed a consulting business,
and held positions in both provincial and federal
governments. In May 2003 Richard was awarded the
Queens 50th Jubilee Medal for outstanding community
service in the province of British Columbia.
Sapta Putra is the Deputy Director for Integrated Coastal
Management, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
of Republic Indonesia, and also serves as the Executive
Secretary for Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management
Project. Sapta Putra received his Ph.D. from James
Cook University in 2002 in Tropical Environmental
Studies with research on Coastal Management in North
Sulawesi. Sapta has been involved in various coastal
management projects in Indonesia since 1994, including:
Marine Resource Evaluation and Planning Project
(MREP); Riau Coastal Zone Land Use Management
Project; Coastal Resource Management Project
(CRMP); Marine and Coastal Resources Management
Project (MCRMP); and Coral Reef Rehabilitation and
Management Project Phase I and Phase II.
Catherine Rigg was born and raised on the west coast of
Canada and has lived on Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte
Islands) since 1999. She is a doctoral candidate in the
Department of Geography at Simon Fraser University,
completing research on the relationship between
terrestrial and marine resource management planning
from a community-based perspective. In her spare time,
Catherine works as a consultant for non-government
Biographies
organizations, First Nations, federal and provincial
agencies, and community associations. On Haida
Gwaii she is also a volunteer and Board member with
local conservation and cultural heritage organizations,
and has participated in several land and oceanrelated ‘planning’ processes involving government
institutions, non-government organizations, and coastal
communities.
Jamie Ross is a doctoral candidate at the Institute for
Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University
of British Columbia. His work focuses on the dynamics
of surface water quality in agricultural watersheds, with
emphasis on the development of improved real-time
monitoring and information management systems. Prior
to starting his Ph.D., Jamie worked as a management
consultant, and more recently has consulted to
corporations on issues of governance and risk
management related to the environment. In 2003–2004,
Jamie was named an inaugural Fellow of Action Canada,
a national one-year program of leadership development
and public policy study.
Sherrylynn Rowe is an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow in
the Department of Biology at Dalhousie University. Her
primary research interests relate to the evolutionary
ecology of fishes, particularly the way that mating
systems and mating behaviour can influence individual
reproductive success, population dynamics, and
conservation biology. Her doctoral research addressed
questions pertaining to causes and consequences of
variation in the mating system of Atlantic cod. Sherrylynn
has often worked in close collaboration with fish
harvesters and has examined a diverse range of issues
including the ability of no-take reserves to conserve
fisheries, as well as distribution patterns and foraging
ecology of seabirds.
Silvia Salas is an Associate Professor at Cinvestav
(Research centre in Yucatan Mexico). She has worked
on bioeconomic analyses of lobster fisheries in Canada
and Mexico, fishing strategies of small-scale fishers in
Mexico, decision analysis of salmon fisheries in Canada
and has been involved in several projects working with
indigenous people in Canada and Mexico. Her current
research involves: bioeconomic analysis of small-scale
fisheries, evaluation of fishing strategies of fishers,
dynamics of the fleet and implications for management,
and evaluation of perception of use and management
of coastal resources. Silvia teaches two courses in the
graduate program in Cinvestav: Fisheries Economics and
Introduction to Economics of Natural Resources.
Glenn Sigurdson has a proven track record in dealing
with diverse interests - within, between, and among
organizations - building relationships, achieving
consensus, developing partnerships, and resolving
conflict. Within organizations, he has given leadership
to strategic planning exercises, and the design of
dispute management systems. Between and among
organizations and groups, he is internationally known
for his work in complex multi-party challenges, many
relating to large scale resource development and the
environment, often involving First Nations. A leader
in the ADR field, he is a former President (1996) of the
Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution (SPIDR),
now known as the association for Conflict Resolution,
the pre-eminent international organization in the field,
headquartered in Washington, D.C. He has written and
spoken extensively, including the co-authorship with
Gerald Cormick and others of “Building Consensus for
a Sustainable Future: Putting Principles into Practise”.
He is associated with Simon Fraser University in
Vancouver as a Fellow of the Morris J. Wosk Center for
Dialogue, and as an Adjunct Professor in the Schools
of Communication, and Environment and Resource
Management.
Hein Rune Skjoldal is a Senior scientist at the Institute
of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. As a scientist,
Hein Rune has mainly worked with the pelagic part of
ecosystems from physics through plankton and fish.
His current research interests include an ecosystem
approach to the management of the North Sea and
Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) as part of
such an approach. Hein Rune is the Chair of the ICES
- EuroGOOS Planning Group on the North Sea Pilot
Project and has also chaired other committees including
the ICES Advisory Committee on Ecosystems and a
Norwegian advisory group on the establishment of
Marine Protected Areas. In recent years Hein Rune took
part in the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD), and in 2004 he was the lead editor of a new
book, The Norwegian Sea Ecosystem published by Tapir
Academic Press.
37
Biographies
Ron Smyth is the Chief Science Officer with the
BC Offshore Oil and Gas Team, an agency of the
Government of British Columbia established to enable
offshore oil and gas development to occur in BC in a
scientifically sound and environmentally responsible
manner. He was the Chief Geologist for the Province of
British Columbia from 1986 to 2001 and has extensive
experience in mineral resource assessment, land use
planning and land management. A native of Ireland he
obtained a B.A. degree from Trinity College, Dublin and a
Ph.D. from Memorial University of Newfoundland. He
held senior positions with the Newfoundland Geological
Survey from 1973 to 1982. He is an avid sailor and and
has sailed over most of the gas prone Georgia Basin and
parts of the Tofino Basin.
Paul Snelgrove is an Associate Professor at Memorial
University of Newfoundland’s Ocean Sciences Centre.
He holds the Canada Research Chair in Boreal and
Cold Ocean Systems, and studies the role of transport
of larval fish and invertebrates and how these and
other variables contribute to species recruitment and
biodiversity patterns in marine bottom communities.
He recently served as the marine chair of a SCOPE
(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment)
subcommittee on soils and sediment biodiversity, and is
the current chair of the Canadian Census of Marine Life
steering committee.
Wayne Soper has over 30 years of professional experience
in British Columbia in environmental engineering,
management, and education, external relations and
sustainable development. Mr. Soper retired from Duke
Energy (formerly Westcoast Energy) in January 2004. As
Senior Vice President External Relations Mr. Soper was
engaged on a wide range of public policy, environmental
management and sustainability issues and is well
known by government, non-government, business and
industry organizations in BC, Canada and internationally.
Mr. Soper served as a Director of the Vancouver 2010
Winter Olympic Bid and Chaired the Environment and
Sustainability Working Group. He is continuing to advise
the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010
Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (VANOC) on
sustainability matters. Mr. Soper serves in a number
of voluntary community and professional capacities
including Director and Pacific Council Member for
World Wildlife Fund (Canada), Chair of the International
Centre for Sustainable Cities, Director of the Britannia
38
Development Corporation, and a member of the UBC
Engineering Faculty Advisory Council. Mr. Soper is
also Advisory Board Member for KTEnergy an energy
industry policy and technology consultancy subsidiary
of KnowlegeTech Consulting Inc. located in Vancouver
B.C. Mr. Soper is a graduate of the University of British
Columbia and is a registered Professional Engineer
and member of the British Columbia Association of
Professional Engineers and Geoscientists.
Paul Sprout holds a technical diploma from the BC
Institute of Technology and degrees in Biology and
Business Administration from Simon Fraser University.
He entered the federal Public Service in 1977 as a
Biologist with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
Since beginning with the Department of Fisheries and
Oceans Mr. Sprout has held a variety of positions such
as Area Director, North and South Coast of British
Columbia, Regional Director of Operations, Associate
Assistant Deputy Minister, Fisheries Management
and most recently Acting Regional Director General,
Pacific Region, all of which have contributed to his
extensive experience in dealing with Canadian domestic
fishing issues. Paul Sprout has been instrumental in
the implementation of the 1999 Canada US Salmon
Agreement as well as fisheries management plans on the
Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Mr. Sprout has represented
Canada as Co-chair of the Canada US Pacific Salmon
Commission and will continue to do so as Chair.
Jodi Stark is the marine campaign coordinator at the
Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society- BC Chapter,
where her work is focused primarily on the use of marine
protected areas (MPAs) for marine conservation in
British Columbia. She has a Masters degree in Resource
and Environmental Management from Simon Fraser
University. Her research project for this degree compared
the implementation of MPA policy under Canada’s
Oceans Act and Australia’s Oceans Policy.
Karen Starr is Secretary to the Torridon Nephrops
Management Group, and to the Loch Torridon Area
Management Group. She moved to the Torridon area
in 1996 to pursue a career in fish farming and later
moved into wild salmon conservation and restoration as
assistant biologist with the Wester Ross Fisheries Trust.
She now works with local prawn fishermen to run the
business of exporting the creel-caught Norway lobster
and to pursue the aim of sustainable fishing into the
future.
Biographies
Michael Stevenson was born in South Africa, and left
after graduation (BA, University of Witwatersrand)
for graduate studies in the United States (PhD,
Northwestern). He has taught at universities in the
United States, Canada and Nigeria. He taught Political
Science at Western Michigan University,was a Rockefeller
Foundation Fellow and Senior Lecturer at the University
of Ibadan, Nigeria and taught Political Science, was
Secretary of the Faculty Association, twice Chair of the
Department of Political Science, Chair of the University
Senate, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, and for seven years
Vice-President (Academic Affairs) and Provost at York
University in Toronto, Ontario. Michael is an Associate
Senior Fellow of Massey College in Toronto. A Professor
of Political Science, Michael has also been active in
interdisciplinary research as Associate Director of the
Institute for Social Research and as founding director
of the York Centre for Health Studies. He has published
extensively on post-independence developments in SubSaharan Africa, health policy in Canada and Canadian
political culture and public opinion. His book, “Politics
and Ideology in Canada”, co-authored with Michael
Ornstein, was awarded the Harold Innis Book Prize for
the best book in the Social Sciences in 1999–2000 by the
Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada.
Keith Stoodley is Director of Oceans with Lotek Wireless
Inc. of St. John’s, Newfoundland. A recognized leading
innovator in developing and manufacturing advanced
electronic equipment for tracking and monitoring
fish, marine mammals and marine birds for scientific
and resource management applications, Lotek has
been the recipient of a variety of provincial and
national awards including the Canada Exporter Award
in the Innovation Category and the NRC Innovation
Leadership award. Keith was born and raised in Grand
Bank, Newfoundland, one of the first communities
directly impacted by the northern cod moratorium.
He obtained a BSc (Hons.) in Marine Biology from
Memorial University of Newfoundland and spent several
years with the federal Department of Fisheries and
Ocean before obtaining a MBA from the University of
British Columbia. He has worked for Fishery Products
International, the Newfoundland Provincial Department
of Fisheries and Aquaculture and the Department of
Foreign Affair’s International Trade Centre. Managing
strategic alliances and balancing the divergent interest
within the context of public-private partnerships and the
application of innovative technologies within the context
of sustainable development is an area of particular
interest to Keith. He sits on a variety of provincial,
regional and national public-private partnership boards
including Newfoundland based Ocean Advance (which
he chairs), Memorial Universities’ Genesis Centre,
The Newfoundland and Labrador government’s
Irish Business Partnerships, the Atlantic Chamber of
Commerce’s Innovation Council, and the National
Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.
Eric Enno Tamm is communications manager and
fisheries policy advisor for Ecotrust Canada, an NGO
based in Vancouver, B.C. Born in Tofino on Vancouver
Island, Eric has worked in B.C.’s commercial fishing
industry for ten years and campaigned tirelessly on
community-based fisheries issues as executive director
of the Coastal Community Network (1996–1999). He
has authored several reports on B.C.’s coastal economy
and fisheries, and his first book, “Beyond the Outer
Shores: The Untold Odyssey of Ed Ricketts, the
Pioneering Ecologist Who Inspired John Steinbeck and
Joseph Campbell,” was published in 2004. He holds an
MA in Print Journalism from the University of Southern
California in Los Angeles (1996) and an MA in European
Affairs from Lund University in Sweden (2000).
Stan Tobin is one of Newfoundland’s leading
environmental advocates, having devoted over thirty
years of his life to marine stewardship, particularly in
Placentia Bay, a region identified as Canada’s highest
risk for a major oil spill. His connection to the ocean
stems from his upbringing in Ship Cove, Placentia Bay,
where he worked first as a commercial fisherman for
ten years. As one of a three member 1990 Public Review
Panel on Tanker Safety and Marine Spills Response
Capability, Stan co-authored “Protecting Our Waters”
(The Brander-Smith Report), with 107 recommendations
relating to Canada’s Oil Spill Response capability. Stan is
currently President of the Regional Advisory Council to
the Canadian Coast Guard on oil spills preparedness and
response, and advises industry on ocean related issues
such as mystery spills and the impact of oil spills on sea
birds. He also counsels enterprise in the development
of oil spill related technologies. As a founding member
and president of the Newfoundland Environmental
Association, Inc. (NLEA), Stan operates the only licensed
cleaning and rehabilitation centre for oil impacted
seabirds in Newfoundland and Labrador. Its mandate is
to selectively capture, clean and rehabilitate oil-impacted
birds and monitor the coastal areas of Newfoundland.
39
Biographies
Peter Tyedmers is an ecological economist whose
research primarily explores the biophysical sustainability
of food production systems. He earned his Ph.D. from
the Resource Management and Environmental Studies
program at the University of British Columbia where
he compared the biophysical costs of the salmon
fishing and farming in British Columbia, Canada. Major
ongoing research activities include evaluating the energy
performance of commercial fisheries around the world,
the dependence of aquaculture on capture fisheries
resources using trophic models and the environmental
consequences of alternative dairy production scenarios
using Life Cycle Assessment. Peter is currently appointed
as an Assistant Professor in the School for Resource and
Environmental Studies at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
Nova Scotia.
Gert van Santen is Former Fisheries Specialist of the
World Bank and FAO. He is a graduate of Wageningen
State University in the Netherlands. In the early stages
of his career Gert was particularly involved in the
design and implementation of fisheries investment
projects around the globe. Since the late 1980s he has
increasingly focused on defining new fisheries sector
development and management strategies in developing
countries; he has analysed the performance of fishing
sectors in 20 countries. In close cooperation with
FAO’s Fisheries Department and key donors, a global
World Bank Gert designed an initiative to improve the
effectiveness of the Bank in supporting improvement
of fisheries management. This initiative was recently
adopted by the Bank; called ‘Profish’ it will support
developing countries to plan and reach stakeholder
agreement on the development and implementation of
broad sector adjustment programs, to be supported by
coordinated donor funding.
Marjo Vierros coordinates marine and coastal issues at
the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
In her previous life she worked as a tropical marine
ecologist and conservation specialist in Bermuda, Belize,
Jamaica, Turks and Caicos and Hawaii. She has degrees
in biology, oceanography and marine biology from
University of California and University of Wales.
40
Kelly Vodden is a PhD candidate in the Department
of Geography, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Centre
for Coastal Studies researcher and Instructor in SFU’s
Centre for Sustainable Community Development. She
is a consultant to government and non-government
organizations, communities, First Nations, industry
and academic institutions and a volunteer with
several conservation and community development
organizations. Kelly’s academic and professional
endeavours have focused on sustainable community
economic development and community-based resource
management initiatives, particularly in coastal/fishing
communities. Kelly’s PhD research is examining models
of collaborative governance in three Canadian coastal
regions.
Joanne Vokey has a Masters degree in Marine Studies
(Fisheries Resource Management) and a B.Sc. (Biology)
from Memorial University of Newfoundland. Her
Masters thesis focused on the evolution of conservation
harvesting in Atlantic Canadian fisheries. While living in
Newfoundland she held a position with Fishery Products
International as Manager of Fisheries Resources
and Environment, and she briefly sat on the Board
of Directors for One Ocean before moving to British
Columbia.
Carl Walters is a Professor at the Fisheries Centre,
University of British Columbia, whose areas of research
include the development of rapid techniques for
teaching systems analysis and mathematical modeling
to biologists and resource managers. “I mainly work
on fish population dynamics, fisheries assessment
and sustainable management”. He believes the heart
of fisheries is how to manage harvest: “The main
thrust of my research is to figure out how to design
management systems that are robust n an area of really
high uncertainty”. A member of several NSERC grant
committees since 1970, he has done extensive fisheries
advisory work for public agencies and industrial groups.
He has also conducted over two dozen three to ten
day workshops in the past decade, for the International
Canadian Fisheries Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service
and the International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis. In 1992, Carl gave the keynote address to the
American Fisheries Society, entitled “Where have all
the Coho Gone?” A member of the editorial boards of
the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation,
the Northwest Environmental Journal and the Canadian
Biographies
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Carl has been
recently elected to be a Fellow of The Royal Society of
Canada.
Mike Warren is Executive Director (Policy & Planning)
with the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of
Fisheries and Aquaculture. In his 20 years with the
department he has worked on many coastal and oceansrelated projects. These projects have focused on topics
related to policy and planning, economic development,
aquaculture conflict management, coastal zone
management, and fisheries management (international
and domestic). Some of his current activities and
interests include: the Action Team for Cod Recovery, the
Canadian Council of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministers
Oceans Task Group (Co-chair), the Canada-France
Fisheries Advisory Committee, the Oceans Management
Research Network, and the NL Regional Committee on
Oceans Management. Mike has also participated in the
North Atlantic Conference Series on the protection of the
sea and sustainable utilization of living marine resources
in the North Atlantic. He has a degree in Geography
from Memorial University, and has completed graduate
courses in fisheries management, coastal zone
management, environmental impact assessment, and
oceans technology. Prior to joining the Department of
Fisheries and Aquaculture he was employed with a NL
engineering company participating in flood damage
assessments, energy projects, and environmental
impact assessments. He was also employed at the
Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering (C-CORE)
researching the application of airborne radars for sea ice
investigations.
Maureen Woodrow is the Executive Officer at the
International Project Office of the Global Environmental
Change and Human Security Project based at Carleton
University. As a sociologist who specializes in rural
sustainable community development, her research
includes community level work in northern Alberta,
Eastern Ontario, Northern Ontario, Cape Breton and
Newfoundland and Labrador and internationally in
Mexico and Wales. She holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from
Laval University with a graduate degree from University
of Louvain, Belgium and an undergraduate degree from
Memorial University of Newfoundland. In the fall of
2000, Maureen and her husband launched a wholesale
and Internet e-commerce artisan business (Stages and
Stores, Inc.) combining it with a heritage foundation
(Stages and Stores Heritage Foundation) in the small
island community of Change Islands off the Northeast
coast of Newfoundland with the dual objective of
creating much needed employment and preserving and
promoting the unique fishing heritage buildings of one of
the last picturesque Newfoundland fishing communities.
Doug Yurick has a background in marine ecology and
marine environmental consulting. He has been with
Parks Canada since 1983, initially as senior planner of
marine studies when Parks Canada’s marine planning
framework and initial marine parks policy were being
completed, leading to the launch of what is now the
national marine conservation areas program in 1986.
Doug returned to a full-time focus on the marine
conservation areas program in his present position in
1999. He is presently also country-lead for Canada in the
NAFTA Commission for Environmental Cooperation’s
North American Marine Protected Areas Network and
co-chair of ongoing work to reinvigorate a WCPA marine
protected areas thematic group in North America.
Mark Zacharias is currently Manager, Ocean Science
Office with the Province of British Columbia. An
Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of
Geography at the University of Victoria Mark obtained
his PhD in Zoology from the University of Guelph.
His primary research areas are broadly related to
developing an understanding of how regional scale
oceanographic, physiographic, and biological processes
affect efforts to conserve marine environments. Mark’s
recent international work includes the following:
External Reviewer, International Whaling Commission
Intercessional Working Group to Review Sanctuaries
and Sanctuary Proposals; member of the Biodiversity
Working Group of the Arctic Coastal Dynamics (ACD)
project; member of the Channel Islands National Marine
Sanctuary Monitoring Initiative; and Marine Advisor to
the Center for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) under
the North American Free Trade Agreement.
41
Notes
42
Notes
Notes
Notes
43
Centre for Coastal Studies
www.sfu.ca/coastalstudies
Continuing Studies in Science
www.sfu.ca/cstudies/science
8888 University Drive
Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
Telephone 604-291-4893
Fax 604-291-3851