Course Requirements
Four Exams
The final exam will likely be cumulative.
Extra-Credit opportunities will be provided.
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Chapter 1 Outline
Chapter 1
Introduction
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Understanding Human Consciousness: A Physiological
Approach
The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Natural Selection and Evolution
Ethical Issues in Research with Animals
Careers in neuroscience
Strategies for Learning
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•any rental, lease or lending of the program.
Dualism
A belief in the dual nature of reality; _____ and _____ are
separate.
_________
A belief that everything in the universe consists of matter
and energy and that the mind is a product of the workings
of the _________ system.
This position
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Understanding Human Consciousness
Split brains
______________________
Split-brain operation
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The largest commissure of the brain; interconnecting
the areas of the neocortex on ____________of the brain.
Brain surgery that is occasionally performed to treat
a form of __________ ; the surgeon cuts the corpus
callosum, which connects the two hemispheres.
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Understanding Human Consciousness
Split brains
_______________ hemispheres
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The two symmetrical halves of the brain; constitute the
major part of the brain.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
The goals of research
Generalization
Reduction
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A type of scientific explanation; a general conclusion
based on many observations of similar phenomena.
A type of scientific explanation; a phenomena is
described in terms of the more elementary
processes that underlie it.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Biological roots of physiological psychology
Reflex
An ___________, _______________ movement
produced as the direct result of a stimulus.
Model
A mathematical or physical analogy for a physiological
process; for example, computers have been used as
models for various functions of the brain.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Biological roots of physiological psychology
Doctrine of specific nerve energies
Muller’s conclusion that because all nerve fibers
carry the same type of message, sensory
information must be __________ by the particular
nerve fibers that are active.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Biological roots of physiological psychology
Experimental ablation
The research method in which the function
of a part of the brain is inferred by observing the
behaviors an animal can no longer perform after
that part of the brain is damaged.
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Natural Selection and Evolution
Natural Selection and Evolution
Functionalism and the inheritance of traits
Functionalism and the inheritance of traits
_______________
Natural selection
The principle that the best way to understand a
biological phenomenon (a behavior or a physiological
process) is to try to understand its useful functions
for the organism.
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The process by which inherited traits that confer
a _______________________ (increase an animal’s
likelihood to live and reproduce) become more
prevalent in a population.
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Natural Selection and Evolution
Functionalism and the inheritance of traits
_____________
• A change in the genetic information contained in
the chromosomes of sperm or eggs which can be
passed on to an organism’s offspring; provides
genetic variability.
Selective advantage
• A characteristic of an organism that permits it to
produce more than the average number of offspring
of its species.
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Natural Selection and Evolution
Evolution of the human species
Evolution
A gradual change in the structure and physiology
of a plant and animal species, generally producing
more complex organisms, as a result of natural
selection.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Evolution of large brains
_________________
A slowing of the process of maturation, allowing more
time for growth; an important factor in the development
of large brains.
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Ethical Issues in Research with Animals
•
Animal research should be humane and worthwhile.
•
Pet owning causes much more harm to animals than
animal research.
•
Fifty times more cats and dogs are killed by humane
societies because they have been abandoned by their
owners than are killed in animal research.
•
Most industrialized societies have very strict regulations
about the care of animals and require approval of
experimental procedures used on animals.
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The Nature of Physiological Psychology
Careers in neuroscience
Physiological psychologist
A scientist who studies the physiology of behavior,
primarily by performing physiological and behavioral
experiments with laboratory animals.
Neurologist
A physician who is involved in the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
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