Table of Contents
Table of Contents
In t ro d uc t io n
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SOLID STATE PHYSICS, ELECTRONICS AND OPTICS
PART I
Section 1. M aterials and Fabrication
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
Chapter 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Chapter 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Chapter 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
Chapter 5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
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3
5
7
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Submicron Structures Technology and Research
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Submicron Structures Laboratory .
Microfabrication at Linewidths of 100nm and Below . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 7
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. . . . . . . . . ..
Improved Mask Technology For X-Ray Lithography
Optical Projection Lithography Using Lenses of High Numerical Aperture . . . . . . . . 10
Studies of Electronic Conduction In One-Dimensional Semiconductor Devices
. . . . 10
Surface Superlattice Formation In Silicon Inversion Layers Using 0.2pm-Period
Grating-Gate Field-Effect Transistors
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . 12
Study of Surface Superlattice Formation in GaAs/GaAIAs Modulation Doped
Field-Effect Transistors ... ... . . . . ......
.. ............
...
...
13
One-Dimensional Subbands and Mobility Modulation in GaAs/AIGaAs Quantum Wires 14
16
Study Of Electron Transport In Si MOSFETs With Deep-Submicron Channel Lengths
17
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.
. ........
Crystalline Films On Amorphous Substrates . . . . .
Epitaxy via Surface-Energy-Driven Grain Growth
. . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 18
Submicrometer-Period Gold Transmission Gratings for X-Ray Spectroscopy and
Atom-Beam Interferometry ...........
.. . .
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18
High-Dispersion, High-Efficiency Transmission Gratings for Astrophysical X-Ray
Spectroscopy
.. . .
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.........
.19
Soft X-Ray Interferometer Gratings .........
.....................
19
Microstructural Evolution in Thin Films of Electronic Materials
Grain Growth in Thin Films
............................
Modelling of Microstructural Evolution in Thin Films ............
Post-Nucleation Heteroepitaxy in Lattice Mismatched Systems
Thin Film Zone Melting Recrystallization of Silicon
Capillary Instabilities in Thin Solid Films
Kinetics of Thin Film Silicide Formation . . . .
Reliability and Microstructures of Interconnects
. . . .
Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition
Focused Ion Beam Fabrication
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29
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Focused Ion Beam Program
...........
29
Development of Focused Ion Beam Lithography and Patterning .. ...........
Frequency Tunable Gunn Diodes Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Implantation
. . . 31
Field-Effect Transistors with Focused Ion Beam Implanted Channel Regions . . . . . . 31
. . 31
Microstructure and Properties of Gold Films Produced by Ion Induced Deposition
....
32
Focused Ion Beam Induced Depostion of Submicrometer Structures .. . .
32
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In-Situ Measurement of Gas Adsorption and Ion Induced Deposition
33
Planar Vias through Si3N4 and SiO2 Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Implantation
35
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at
Surfaces
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Chemical Reaction Dynamics
35
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Chemical Reaction Dynamics on Semiconductor Surfaces .
35
Collision Induced Dissociative Chemisorption: Chemistry with a Hammer ........
37
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Collision Induced Desorption .
Ultrashort Laser Pulse Interactions With Matter - New Effects and
. . . .
39
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Spectroscopic Applications .
39
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. . . .
Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering of Ultrashort Pulses .
40
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Exciton-Phonon Interactions in Organic Molecular Crystals ....
41
. . . .
. . .
Phonon and Polariton Dynamics in Nonlinear Optical Crystals .
41
Coherent Excitation Through Optical Absorption of Ultrashort Pulses .. .........
Table of Contents
Chapte r 6. Chemical Beam Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors ...............
Introduction
6.1
6.2 Controlled Substitutional Doping of ZnSe Grown by Chemical Beam Epitaxy......
Chapte r 7. High-Frequency InAIAs/InGaAs Metal-Insulator-Doped Semiconductor
Field-Effect Transistors (MIDFET's) for Telecommunications
.
Chapte r 8. The Consequences of Low-Dimensionality in Oxide Superconductors
Chapte r 9. Heterostructures for Optical Devices
Integration of GaAIAs and InGaAIAs Multiple Quantum Well Heterostructures in
9.1
Guided Wave Optical Circuits
9.2 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Growth of Graded Composition InGaAIAs
................................
Heterostructures on InP Substrates
9.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Pseudomorphic InGaAIAs Quantum Wells on (111)
Oriented GaAs and InP Substrates for Optical Modulators
9.4 Characterization of Strained Layer InGaAIAs Heterostructures on (111) Oriented GaAs
Substrates
9.5 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Growth on Textured Substrates: Three-Dimensional
.....
M BE ..............
......................
Surfaces
Vicinial
11)
(n
on
Growth
Epitaxial
9.6 Molecular Beam
9.7 Kinetic Beam Processing of III-V Heterostructures ........
9.8 Diffraction Coupled Heterostructure Diode Laser Arrays .
Sectiorn12. O ptics and Devices
Chapt er 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
Chapter 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
......................
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61
Optics and Quantum Electronics ................
61
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The Nonlinear Waveguide Interferometer
62
Sampling
Signal
Optical
Picosecond
63
Solitons
64
Squeezing of Pulses
ces
. . . . . . . . . . . 64
Devi
Optical
Waveguide
Semiconductor
Well
Quantum
Multiple
65
Additive Pulse Mode Locking
66
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Diodes
Lase
GaAs
in
Femtosecond Pulse Propagation and Amplification
66
Devices
InGaAsP
in
Dynamics
Ultrafast
67
Femtosecond Laser Systems
71
Femtosecond Studies in GaAs
73
Metals
in
Dynamics
Electron
Femtosecond
74
Laser Medicine
76
Equations
Rate
for
A New Conjugate Gradient-Type Algorithm
78
..........
Laser
X-Ray
and
System
Laser
Nd:Glass
Large
79
Whisper Gallery Mirrors
80
.
.
Nonlinearity
Exciton
Well
X-Ray Detection Using Quantum
Structure ...
..........
Study and Development of a Variational Method for Relativistic Atomic
81
Calculations
81
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Fusion
Cold
Large Coherency and
85
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Infrared Nonlinear Optics
85
Magnetoresistance of HgMnTe
85
Semiconductors
Gap
Mode Mixing in Narrow
86
Plasma Instabilities in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
87
................
Nonlinear Optics of Zero Gap Semiconductors
87
HgCdSe:Fe
in
Optical Nonlinearity Due to Resonant Impurity Scattering
88
Epilayers
n-GaAs
Doped
Heavily
in
Mixing
Four-Wave
Section 3. Surfaces and Intersurfaces
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
-- A
..............................
Statistical Mechanics of Surface Systems and Quantum-Correlated Systems
Finite-Temperature Properties of Correlated Systems
Random-Field Mechanism in Random-Bond Multicritical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exact Pair Correlations in a One-Dimensional Fluid of Hard Cores with Orientational
and Translational Degrees of Freedom ..............................
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Table of Contents
Chapter 2.
2.1
2.2
Chapter 3.
3.1
3.2
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
6.1
6.2
Chapter 7.
X-Ray D iffuse Scattering ...................................
M etal S urface Stud ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rare Gases on Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor Surface Studies .
. . .
. . . .
Ground State Geometries of Surfaces
.
. . . .
. . . .
Hydrogenation
. . . .
. . . .
Ultralow Temperature Studies of Nanometer Size Semiconductor Devices
Coulomb Repulsion and Resonant Tunnelling .....................
Graphoepitaxy of Colloidal Crystals
...........................
Structure of Langm uir-Blodgett Films
.............................
Growth of Colloidal Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step Structures on Semiconductor Surfaces: Thermodynamics, Kinetics
and Influence on Heteroepitaxy
....
PA RT II
A PPLIED PHYSICS
....................................
.........
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Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
Quantum Optics and Photonics ......
. . . . . .
Laser Raman Clock Studies ...........
. . . . . .
Fiberoptic Gyroscope Studies
.........
. . . . . .
Laser Linewidth Narrowing ...........
. . . . . .
Chapter 2. Basic Atomic Physics .............
. . . . . .
2.1
Rydberg Atoms in a Magnetic Field
. . . .
. . . . . .
2.2
Microwave Quantum Optics .. .......
. . . . . .
2.3 Millimeter-Wave Measurement of the Rydberg Constant
. . . . . .
2.4
Precision Mass Spectroscopy of Ions .....
. . . . . .
2.5 Atom Interferometry
...............
. . . . . .
2.6 Traps for Neutral Atoms .............
. . . . . .
2.7
Forces on Atoms from Light . . . .
. .. . .
Phvi~Q
Chanter 3_ MnIA~IIInr
3.1
Electric Neutrality of Molecules: Acoustic-Electric Neutrality Experiment
Chapt er 4. Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering - Its Application to
Supram olecular Solutions ...........................
4.1
Solvent Effects on Phase Separation in Micellar Solutions
.........
4.2 Protein - Surfactant Interactions and Protein Denaturation . . . .
4.3 Ion Distribution and Solubilization in Reverse Micelles ............
4.4 Ion Distribution around DNA Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
.
4.5 Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Its Application: Critical Phenomena
Microemulsion
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Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
143
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148
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149
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Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Applications .
Electromagnetic Waves in Multilayer Media ..........................
Remote Sensing of Earth Terrain
.
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice .
. . . . . . .
SAR Image Interpretation and Simulation .
Microwave and Millimeter Wave Integrated Circuits
.
High-Speed Integrated Circuit Interconnects .
1 19
1 19
12 3
12 3
12 5
12 5
12 9
13 1
13 4
13 6
13 8
1 40
1 A2
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Plasma Dynamics .
. . . .
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Relativistic Electron Beams .
. . .. . .
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Plasma Wave Interactions - RF Heating and Current Generation
. . .
. . .
Physics of Thermonuclear Plasmas .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Tokakmak Experiments in the High Poloidal Beta Regime on Versator II .. .....
Section 3. Electro m ag netics
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Section 2. Plasm a P h y sics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
113
115
Section 1. Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
.
93
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94
97
97
100
105
109
111
111
111
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155
155
158
167
173
179
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Table of Contents
Section 4. Radio A stronom y
Radio Astronom y . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
Galactic and Extragalactic Research
.
...
.. . . . .....
......
.........
Orbiting VLBI
High-Resolution Passive Microwave Imaging of Atmospheric Structure
Tiros-N Satellite Microwave Sounder ......................
Long-Baseline Astrometric Interferometer . . . .
. . . . . . . .
Video Image Processing .. . . . ...
Nonthermal Radio Emission from the Jovian Planets . . . .
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
PART III
SYSTEM S AND SIGNALS
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
Chapte r 2.
2.1
2.2
Chapte r 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
tr
Chapte 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
209
209
- - - - : : - - 210
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Section 1. D igital Signal Processing
vi
207
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...........
...............
Digital Signal Processing
Introduction
Receiver-Compatible Adaptive Modulation for Television . . . . . . .
Reconstruction Of Nonlinearly Distorted Images From Zero Crossings .. ..
Development of a 2.4 Kbps Speech Vocoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Correction of Geometric Distortions in Side-Scan Sonographs Caused by Sonar
..... ..... ..... ....
Motion Instabilities
and Expressions
Knowledge
Processing
Signal
of
Manipulation
Representation and
Iterative Algorithms for Parameter Estimation from Incomplete Data and Their
. . . .
. . . . . . . .
.
Applications to Signal Processing
. . .
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Assisting Design Given Multiple Performance Criteria
. . .
. . .
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A Dual Excitation Speech Model
. . . .
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Motion Estimation from Image Sequences
. . .
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MultiLevel Signal Matching for Vector Quantization
. . . . . .
Application of Nonparametric Statistics in Narrowband Signal Detection
.........
.. .......
Im age Texture M odelling .......
. . . . . . . .
Structure Driven Scheduling of DSP and Linear Algebra Problems
The Application of Function Approximation Using Generalized Polynomials to the
.. .
Development of Optimum Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iterative Algorithms for Parameter Estimation from Incomplete Data and Their
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Applications to Signal Processing
Equalization (Identification) of Non-Minimum Phase Systems . . . .
. . . .
Fractals and Chaos for Digital Signal Processing
Cognitive Information Processing .....................
....................
Advanced Television Research Program
Computer-Aided Fabrication System Structure . . . .
. . . .
Optical Propagation and Communication ................
Squeezed States of Light . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . .
Laser Radar System Theory . . . . . .
Fiber-Coupled External-Cavity Semiconductor High Power Laser . . . .
Analog Processing of Optical Wavefronts Using Integrated Guided-Wave Optics
. . . .
Custom Integrated Circuits
Custom Integrated Circuits . . . . .
Cellular Array for Image Processing . . ......................
Algorithmic Fault Tolerance in Digital Signal Processing . . . .
Compiling Signal Processing Algorithms into Architectures . . . .
. . . .
Iterative Algorithms for Stochastic Estimation
. .
The Vision Chip Project ........................
Techniques for Logic Synthesis, Testing and Design-for-Testability . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mixed Circuit/Device Simulation
Circuit Simulation Algorithms for Specialized Applications . . .
Numerical Simulation of Short Channel MOS Devices . . . .
Efficient Capacitance Extraction Algorithms ..................
Parallel Numerical Simulation Algorithms . . .
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Table of Contents
Chapter 5. Neurophysiology and Neural Computation ...............
5.1
Electrical Transients in the Frog Optic Tectum . . . . . . .
5.2
Pulse Interval Coding in Regenerative Transmission Media . . . .
5.3
Interactive Front End for Pulsed Neural Network Simulators
. . . .
PART IV
LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND HEARING
Section 1. Speech Com m unication
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
...........
.. ..... ...... ..... ..
283
.................... 289
Signal Transmission in the Auditory System
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Basic and Clinical Studies of the Auditory System
.. . . . .
. . . .
. 291
Signal Transmission in the External- and Middle-Ear
.. . . .
. . . . . 291
Cochlear Mechanisms .............
..... 292
Membrane Properties of Auditory Neurons . . . . .
. . . . 293
Stimulus Coding in the Auditory Nerve
. . . .
293
M iddle-Ear Muscle Reflex ................
................294
.....
Cochlear Efferent System .............
.
............... 296
.....
Sources of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential
.. . . .
. . . .
. 296
Cochlear Implants .....................
297
Section 4. Ling u istics . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. . . .
Chapter 1. Linguistics
1.1 Introduction
. . . .. . .
1.2 Abstracts of Dissertations
Appendices
275
276
277
278
280
282
Auditory Psychophysics and Aids for the Deaf ................... . 285
Perceptual Anchors ....................
.........
..
..........285
Binaural Hearing
. . . .
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Hearing Aid Research
. . . . . .
. . . . 285
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Tactile Communication of Speech I ..........
...........
...
.......285
Tactile Communication of Speech II . . . .
...........
...
.......286
Multimicrophone Hearing Aids .............
.... .... ...... ..... .. 286
Cochlear Prostheses . . . . .
..........
..
.........286
Hand Function .......................
... ...... ..... ..... .. 286
Section 3. Auditory Physiology ...............
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
271
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Speech Communication
Processes and Representations Involved in Speech Planning .
Speech Physiology . . . . .
Speech Recognition
..............
....
..
Studies of the Acoustics, Production, and Perception of Speech Sounds
Computer Facilities . . . . .
Section 2. Sensory Communication
Chapter 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
....................
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Appendix A. RLE Publications and Papers Presented . . ..................
... .
A.1 Meeting Papers Presented . ........
.. .. ..........
..........
.. .
A.2 Published Journal Articles ............
...................
......
A.3 Journal Articles Accepted for Publication . ...................
........
A.4 Journal Articles Submitted for Publication ..................
.........
A.5 Books/Chapters in Books
...................
.................
A.6 Reports Published ..................
...................
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A.7 Theses
.............
. .............................
.....
Appendix B. Current RLE Personnel
...............
. .. . .......
. .
. . . .
Appendix C. Research Support Index . .........
... ....................
.
313
315
315
323
332
335
337
339
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345
351
Table of Contents
Project Staff and Subject Index
viii
RLE Progress Report Number 131
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353