TABLE OF CONTENTS v Personnel viii Publications and Reports I. 1 Physical Electronics Electron Emission Problems Importance of Porosity in Maintaining High-Current Density from Oxide Cathodes 1 Reflection of Slow Electrons at a Metal Surface 3 Physical Electronics in the Solid State Studies of Surface Phenomena in Germanium Ion Generation and Electron Energy Distributions III. The MassITron V. VI. VII. 5 6 Cleanup of Helium in Ionization Gauges 6 Ionization Gauge Studies 7 Microwave Gaseous Discharges 10 High-Density Microwave Gaseous Discharge 10 Plasma Oscillations 11 Solid State Physics Microwave Spectroscopy 13 13 14 Molecular-Beam Microwave-Absorption Spectroscope 14 Phase Stabilization of Microwave Oscillators 14 Excited Torsional States in Asymmetric Hindered Rotors 15 Paramagnetic Resonance 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magneto-Optics 16 Hyperfine Structure of the 3P 1 Level of Mercury 16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonances in Gases 16 Optical Properties of Atomic Vapors 17 Microwave Electronics 18 A Kinetic Power Theorem for the Transverse Field Tube 18 Interception Current Noise Measurements 22 Multipath Transmission Cascaded Bandpass Limiters VIII. 3 Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten Electrical Breakdown in Germanium at Microwave Frequencies IV. 3 5 Experimental Techniques High Vacuum Studies: 3 3 Gas Discharges II. 1 Statistical Communication Theory 24 24 29 A Theorem Concerning Noise Figures 29 Second-Order Correlation Functions 31 Properties 31 Calculations 34 Measurements IX. X. XI. XII. 38 Measurement of Industrial Process Behavior 42 Processing and Transmission of Information 47 Entropy of Printed English 47 Bounds to the Entropy of Television Signals 49 Measuring Second-Order Probability Distributions by Digital Means Coding for Noisy Channels 52 Linear Binary Sequence Filters 59 Procedure for the Minimization of Switching Functions 61 A Theorem on Feedback in Sequential Switching Circuits Transistor Circuits 54 62 65 Constant-Resistance AGC Attenuators for Transistor Amplifiers The Operation of Multiplication 65 The Process of Time Integration 68 Semiconductor Noise 66 71 Modification of Noise Analyzer 71 Equipment for Noise Amplitude Probability Distribution Measurements 71 Speech Analysis Set of Highpass and Lowpass Filters XIII. 36 Some Properties of Experimental Autocorrelation Functions Communications Biophysics 74 74 75 Amplitude Variability of Nl; Comparison with the Model Evoked Responses to Clicks in Relation to On-Going Cortical Activity 75 Analog Correlator for Electroencephalography 77 Measurements of Correlator Accuracy Correlation Studies of Brain Potentials 77 76 79 XIV. Neurophysiology 83 XV. Nonlinear Circuits 85 XVI. Research Objectives 85 Diode Circuit Characteristics 85 Piecewise Linear Network Theory 89 A Piecewise-Planar Multiplier 93 An Electronic Vector Magnitude Circuit 95 Network Synthesis Determination of Root Loci from Saddlepoint Considerations Complexity of Grounded Networks Having Zeros of Transmission in the Right Half-Plane 97 97 98