qalifft and allaffie
VEGETABLE GARDEN
By A. G. B. BOUQUET, Horticulturist (Vegetable Crops)
The home vegetable garden, when well planned, planted, and
tended, has proved its worth and economic value for many decades.
Important fundamentals of such a garden are :
Make a garden plan. Adjust the plan on page 4 to the amount
of land available and the needs of the family. As far as possible,
plant at such times as to have vegetables available throughout the
growing season, for preserving as well as for storage.
Prepare the soil well.* Use five or more wheelbarrow loads of
stable manure to the square rod (272 square feet), or apply
poultry and sheep manure in smaller quantities. Cover crops or
green manures, fall-sown and turned under in the spring, also
add valuable organic matter which should be in the soil early
enough to be rotted before the planting season. Broadcast three
to five pounds of a mixed fertilizer per square rod when the soil
is being prepared in the spring. Work soil thoroughly for a fine
seedbed.
Buy carefully. See chart for recommended varieties and buy
accordingly. Amount of seed and number of plants are suggested
for the average garden. Sow seed carefully to avoid waste and
lessen the work of thinning. Buying well-grown plants of early
cabbage, lettuce, tomato, etc., hastens early production.
Plant seeds on approximate dates recommended but sometimes
modify according to locality in the State and the season.
Give the garden consistent care. Reasonably systematic work
in caring for the garden is essential. Cultivate the soil only
enough to eliminate weeds and maintain a surface mulch. Irrigation will more than repay cost. To produce well, most gardens
need summer waterings.
Control insect pests and rodents.tt This is essential for a clean,
uninjured garden.
Oregon State System of Higher Education
Federal Cooperative Extension Service
Oregon State College
Corvallis
Extension Bulletin 614
Revised February 1950
VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION
Asparagus. An important perennial vegetable, readily grown
and continuing to produce annually in a year or two after the initial
planting. One of the earliest crops to be harvested in the spring.
See special circular for details.
Beans.t Use bush varieties for quick production and pole types
for longer season. Fertilize the soil well. Irrigate plants during the
summer and at each harvest pick clean all pods large enough. Dust
early for control of eleven-spotted beetles and aphids.
Beets. §Il See planting chart for growing early as well as fall
and winter roots.
Broccoli, green.- Grown chiefly as a fall and winter vegetable. Early control of aphids is most important.
Brussels sprouts.§t Culture similar to late cabbage. Valuable
for hardiness and long harvest season. Aphid control a necessity.
Cabbage. § Set out early plants as soon as spring conditions
permit. Root maggots can be controlled as directed in another
bulletin.f Early dustings will keep plants free from aphid and
green worm injury. Grow a sufficient number of plants for the late
cabbage crop used during fall, winter, and from storage.
Cauliflower.- Best grown as a summer-planted and fall-maturing crop. Preferably make more than one seeding as plants of
a similar age mature about the same time.
Celery.t Important fall vegetable, producing much in a comparatively short row. Do not set out plants until the weather has
warmed, otherwise they might "bolt."
Carrots.§f For early carrots, plant as soon as spring conditions
permit. For the fall and winter crop, sow seed later as recommended
in chart. Carrot rust-fly maggot is injurious in some areas. The
insect control bulletin should be consulted.
Chard, Swiss. Excellent all-season vegetable for greens. Thin
plants to six inches or more in the row. Protect against the elevenspotted beetle.
Corn, sweet.t Make successive plantings of one variety, or
plant different varieties that vary in season of maturity. Several
short rows in a rectangle are better than a few long rows. Damage
by ear worm can be reduced by dusting silks at three- to five-day
intervals. Irrigation improves size and quality and aids fall-maturing
crops. Important to harvest ears in the milk stage.
Kale. Hardy greens grown as for late cabbage.
Kohl-rabi. A good substitute for turnip and not affected by
the root maggot.
Lettuce. § Seed short rows at 14-day intervals to prevent waste
and prolong season. For earliest head lettuce set out plants at same
time as early cabbage. Sow seeds of head lettuce thinly, plants to be
12 to 14 inches apart after thinning. Matures best in late spring,
early summer, and fall. Leaf lettuce is easily grown and good for
warm weather.
Mustard greens. § Fordhook Fancy is a mild variety with
Sow seed in early spring and when first fall rains
occur. Then thin as for chard.
Peas.f Cool weather crop. Seed early and make successive
curled leaves.
seedings or use varieties differing in season of maturity. Treatments
with seed protectants prior to seeding help the stand of plants.
Seedings can be made after May 1 in coast counties but not in the
interior. Side dressings of fertilizer during spring rains stimulate
growth. On first appearance of blossoms dust for control of weevils.
Reduce danger of mosaic, plant and pod distortion, by dusting or
spraying early for control of aphids which induce mosaic.
Peppers. Set out plants when danger of frost is past. Fertilize soil well and water plants if possible during dry weather.
Potatoes.1! Treat whole potatoes with corrosive sublimate§
for disease control. Cut pieces to weigh not less than 11 to 2 ounces
and dust with landplaster. Plant early potatoes from early March
to mid-April, late potatoes from mid-April to June. Planting depth
should be 5 to 6 inches for level cultivation and 4 inches if rows are
to be ridged.
Rhubarb. A valuable perennial vegetable and the earliest to be
harvested in the spring. Makes a fine forced product in late winter.
and early spring. See special circular on how to force rhubarb.
Spinach. § Before seeding treat seeds with a protectant to prevent rot. Make successive plantings or sowings but not after midApril. Spinach is ready to be harvested in about two months and
can be followed by another vegetable, such as late cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, or late beets and carrots. Consult planting plan,
page 8.
Squash. §11
Dust young plants for beetle control. Good storage
conditions essential for long keeping.
Tomatoesdlif One of the essential vegetables. Work forkful of
rotted manure into hill two or three weeks before transplanting.
Grow early varieties. Set out well-grown plants after frosts and
dust for flea beetle soon after the plants are out. If space in the
garden is limited plants may be held up on a horizontal or vertical
support without pruning away many of the fruit-bearing laterals.
Irrigation will assist in preventing dry rot. The harvesting season
may be lengthened by gathering the mature green tomatoes before
frost and storing according to suggestions in other bulletins.
Further information on home gardening is presented in these bulletins:
* Oregon Extension Bulletin 612, Garden Soil Management.
t Oregon Extension Bulletin 676, Vegetable Garden Insect Pest Control.
$ Oregon Extension Bulletin 629, Controlling Rodents and Other Small Animal Pests in
Oregon.
§ Oregon Extension Bulletin 594, Growing Fall and Early Winter Vegetables.
II Oregon Extension Bulletin 601, Vegetable Storage.
ff Oregon Extension Bulletin 621, Growing Tomatoes in Oregon.
SUGGESTED PLANTING PLAN FOR A FAMILY OF FIVE
Dates after crops approximate time of seeding or plant setting in western Oregon,
Row
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30-34
25'
50'
(See also planting table.)
75'
100'
Asparagus (3/15-4/15)
(or Early Potatoes)'
Asparagus
Asparagus
(or Early Potatoes)
Rhubarb (3/15-4/1*)
Spinach (3/10-4/15 followed by late Beets (6/15-7/1)
Lettuce (4/1-10*) followed by late Carrots
Lettuce (4/1) followed by late Carrots (5/26-6/10)
Peas (3/10) followed by Celery (6/20*)
Peas (3/25) followed by Green Broccoli (6/25-*)
Peas (4/8) followed by late Cabbage (7/1-15*)
Peas (4/20) followed by late Cabbage (7/10*)
Early Cabbage (3/25*) followed by Mustard (9/1)
Early Cabbage followed by Lettuce (8/15-)
Onions (sets 3/15) followed by Turnips (8/10)
Onions (4/10*) followed by Spinach (8/1-)
followed by Mustard (9/1)
Turnips (3/20-)
followed by fall Spinach (9/1)
Early Beets (4/10) followed by Kale (6/25-*)
Early Carrots (4/10) followed by Brussels Sprouts (7/10-*)
Lettuce in succession (4/10-) followed by Rutabagas (8/15)
Swiss Chard (4/10)
Early Cauliflower and Broccoli (4/25-5/1*) followed by Kohl-rabi (8/15-)
Onions (seed 4/10-15)
Parsnips (4/25*)
Salsify (4/25)
Bush Beans (5/1)
Bush Beans (5/15)
Bush Beans (6/1)
Pole Beans (5/10)
Dry Beans (5/10)
Bush Beans (7/1)
Pole Beans (6/1-)
Tomatoes (5/10-25*)
Tomatoes (5/10-25*)
Summer Squash (5/10)
Cucumbers (5/10-25)
Winter Squash and Pumpkin (5/10-20)
Winter Squash and Pumpkin (5/10-20)
Pepper (5/20*)
Eggplant (5/20*)
Muskmelon (5/10)
Sweet Corn (4/25-)
Sweet Corn (5/10)
Sweet Corn (5/25)
Sweet Corn (6/15)
Sweet Corn (4/25-)
Sweet Corn (5/10)
Sweet Corn (5/25)
Sweet Corn (6/15)
Sweet Corn (4/25-)
Sweet Corn (5/10)
Sweet Corn (5/25)
Sweet Corn (6/15)
Sweet Corn (4/25-)
Sweet Corn (5/10)
Sweet Corn (5/25)
Sweet Corn (6/15)
Sweet Corn (4/25-)
Sweet Corn (5/10)
Sweet Corn (5/25)
Sweet Corn (6/15)
5 rows Potatoes
*Date for setting ou plants.
Double cropping s suggested only for irrigated gardens.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics
Wm. A. Schoenfeld, Director
Oregon State College and United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperating
Printed and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.
Approximate
distance
between
rows
Inches
48
48
36
24-30
30-36
30-36
30-36
30
24-30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
36
60
60
60-72
96
96
96
36-42
36-42
36-42
36-42
36-42
36-42
HOME GARDEN PLANTING TABLE FOR AVERAGE FAMILY OF FIVE PERSONS
Showing Detailed Recommendations Arranged in Order of Planting, Beginning in the Spring
II
I
Vegetable
Variety
IV
III
Feet of row or Amount of seed
No. of plants for Column III
VI
VII
VIII
Depth of plant- Date of setting plants Distances of planting (inches)
ing, inches
Rows
Plants
.
Radish
25-50
I-1 oz.
March 10Sept. 10
1
Successive seedings
12-18
Spinach
100
1 oz.
Mar. 10-Apr. 15; Aug. 20-Sept. 13
1
Successive seedings
18-24
2-4
3 doz.
1 pkt.
Feb. 1*
March 20-April 10
1-11 lbs.
March 10-April 25
July 15-Aug. 1
1 pkt.
Jan. 10 to March 1*
Sparkler, White Icicle, Comet
Giant Thick Leaf
Lettuce (plants)
New York 12, New York 515
Pea
World's Record, Thomas Laxton, Little Marvel, Progress, Hundredfold, Stride, Telephone, Alderman
Cabbageearly summer _. Golden Acre, Copenhagen Market, Glory
OnionsSets
Danvers
Plants
Bermuda, Sweet Spanish
Turnip or Kohl-rabi
Purple Top White Globe, White or Purple Vienna
Beet, early
Model, Early Wonder, Detroit Dark Red
Carrot, early
Chantenay, Nantes
Lettuce (seed)
New York, Imperial 44, Imperial 152,
Tomhannock, Oak Leaf, Pennlake
Swiss Chard
Fordhook Giant, Rhubarb
Onion (seed)
Yellow Danvers, Sweet Spanish, Yellow Globe
Parsnip
Harris Model
Salsify
Sandwich Island
200
3-4 doz.
25-50
50
J lb. sets
Cauliflower
Corn, sweet
Snowball 16
Golden Early Market, Golden Bantam, Spancross, Joana, Carmelcross, Golden Cross Bantam, Tendermost
Bean, bush
Beanpole
Bean, lima
Tomato
Tendergreen, Stringless Green Pod, Kidney Wax
Kentucky Wonder, Blue Lake, Oregon Giant
Henderson's Bush, Fordhook 242
11-2
1
200 plants
18-24
12-14
Successive seedings
30
2-3
March 15-April 20
30
18-24
March 15; Sept. 1-15
March 15 and later
24
24
2
2-3
50-100
1 oz.
April 1-10; successive seedings
up to July 15-Aug. 1
1
24
10
1 pkt.
April 1-10
1
July 1continuously
10-20 lbs.
Sept. 15-Oct. 13
300 lbs.
Sept. 20through winter
Sept. 15through winter
50-70 lbs.
July 10
30 heads
July 25frost
50-60 doz. ears
1
100-200
1-2 oz.
April 10-25
24
50-75
1-1 oz.
April 10-25
1
24
3-4
25
1 pkt.
April 10-25
1
24
3-4
2-3 doz.
1 pkt.
Feb. 25*
4-500
200
100
100-150
Black Beauty, New Hampshire Hybrid
Carrotlate
Beetlate
Chantenay, Nantes
Detroit Dark Red
1
April 25 to June 15; successive
lb.
April 20
30
24
2-3
36
12-16
11-2
30
3
May 1-July 15
May 15-June 15
2 lbs.
1 lb.
1
May 15-30
lb.
15 lbs.
1 pkt.
March 1-15*
24-30
Sept. 10
48-54
Aug. 1f rost
1. 2
May 10-June 11
60-72
(Closer if supported)
48
36
1 oz.
May 10-June 1
1
54-60
48-54
1-11 oz.
May 10-15
1-2
96
96
10-12 hills
1 oz.
May 10-20
1
84
72
12 plants
1 pkt.
March 1-15'
I
30
24
6 plants
1 pkt.
March 1-15*
100
1 oz.
50-100
1 oz.
June 1-July 15
June 1-July 20
I
May 20-June 10
May 20-June 10
36
30
March 10-May 11
4 doz. heads
30
24
Sept. 1through fall
1-2 lbs. per plant
30
6-8
Sept. 15-Nov. 1
6-8 doz.
March 10 and in succession
June 20 and in succession
2
3-4 doz.
1 pkt.
June 1-20 (outdoor plant bed)
1
5-10 doz.
1 pkt.
May 1-20 (outdoor plant bed)
1
2 doz.
1 pkt.
May 10-25 (outdoor plant bed)
1
50 ft.
See note 4
25 ft.
1 pkt.
May 10-25 (outdoor plant bed)
1
1 oz.
Aug. 10-Sept. 10
1
1 oz.
Aug. 1
1
1
150 lbs.
75-100 lbs.
July 15-Aug. 10
36
30
June 20-July 20
July 10 and later
June 20 and later
36
30
Oct. 1
Oct. 1
36
30
Oct. 20through winter
30 qts.
36
30
Oct. 1 and all winter
Oct. 15 and all winter
2 bushels
Usually broadcast
1
24
April-July 1 1
30-40 lbs.
48
April-July 1 1
50-100 lb,.
1
24
1-2
24-30
3
March 20-April 15
250-300 lbs.
20 heads
10
6-8
48
3-4 doz.
Oct. 10
Oct. 10
Sept. 15
24
March 20-April 15
(Some plants dug yearly for forcing)
8 doz. fruits
2-4 doz. fruits
3
1 pkt.
50-100 plants
Aug. 1continuously
Aug. 1continuously
Sent. 15continuously
Sept. 15continuously
24
1
50 ft.
May 10
50-200 fruits
40-60 fruits
1
Golden Self Blanching, Utah Green
1-2 lbs.
'
3
Celery
150-200
80 lbs.
24
June 1-15 (outdoor plant bed)
July 10
4 doz. fruits
24
1 pkt.
1 oz.
Aug. 1frost
Aug. 1frost
Sent. 10frost
Sept. 15frost
30
4 doz.
50-100
15-20 bushels
.
1-1
Green Calabrese
May 1-June 1 (outdoor plant bed)
30-40 quarts
36
1
1 pkt.
3-4 bushels
2
Broccoli
Dates are for western Oregon and may have to be modified according to season and locality in the state.
Dates of maturity show whether a crop takes half or all of the growing season to grow to maturity.
The following successions of crops are suggested : (a) early radish and lettuce followed by late carrots and beets ; (b) early spinach followed by celery ; (c) early peas followed by broccoli and fall cauliflower ; ;
(d) early cabbage followed by fall lettuce and spinach ; (e) early beets and carrots followed by Brussels sprouts and curly kale ; (f) early onion sets or peas followed by late cabbage.
Two sowings of beets and carrots are recommended, the first for early summer roots, the second for fall and winter supply.
Turnips are usually broadcast for fall production. Ample supplies of "greens" can be grown with spinach, chard, kale, and broccoli.
Contrary to general opinion, winter squash will not cross with pumpkin, cucumber, melon, or summer squash. The only two of these mentioned which will cross are pumpkin and summer squash, which is in reality a pumpkin.
When only a single row of vegetables is to be planted the main consideration of the gardener is to observe the distance between plants in the row, allowing the given space, as noted, before proceeding to plant the next vegetable.
Where more than one variety of a vegetable is suggested, it is not unwise to plant several kinds as in the case of Golden Acre, Glory and Ball head cabbage, and varieties of peas and sweet corn differing in season of harvest.
* Date of sowing seed under glass in greenhouse or hotbed.
3-6 doz. heads
21-3 bushels
24
May 10-15
24 plants
4-6 doz. bunches
July 20
36
1 oz.
4 doz.
3-5 doz. bunches
Aug. 1frost
2
-
12-20 hills
1
seedings or use different varieties
July 20-Aug. 10
Aug. 10
Rhubarb
6-8
3
Eggplant
Asparagus
24
1
Winter Luxury, Sugar Pie
Early Giant, California Wonder
Dry Beans
30 bunches
6-14
Pepper
Rutabaga
75-80 lbs.
24
Pumpkin
CabbageChinese
33doz. bunches
1
Delicious, Banana, Hubbard, Table Queen, Sweet Meat
Turniplate
100 lbs.
June 10-Aug. 20
May 20-June 11
July 25-Aug. 20
April 1-10
Squashwinter
Kale
2-4 bushels
I oz.
50
Cubit, Lemon, Boston Pickling, Snow's Pickling
Catskill, Long Island Improved
Scotch Curled, Green Curled
Purple Top White Globe, Golden Ball
Wong Bok, Chihli
Purple Top Yellow
Great Northern, Red Kidney
Mary Washington
Riverside Giant, McDonald, Canada Red
33doz. heads
24
1 oz.
Cucumber
Brussels Sprouts
May 22 and later
June 10 and successively
April 1-10
50
6 hills
18 hills
Cabbagelate
30-40 lbs.
June 1
June 15 and later
July 1 1continuously
June 20-Nov. 10
Zucchini, Giant Straightneck, Italian Marrow
Snowball 16 or X
Danish Ball Head, Savoy, Red Stonehead
25-50 bunches
May 15-June 20
3
Squash, summer
Cauliflower
May and in succession
2-3
April 1-10
3-5 doz.
St. Valentine
3-4
X
Probable yield of area
planted (Column III)
24
1 pkt.
Stokesdale, Bonny Best, Pritchard, John Baer, Valiant,
Jubilee, Marglobe, Wasatch Beauty
CauliflowerBroccoli
11
IX
When maturing
1
50
-
1.
V
Date of seeding
4 bushels
75-100 lbs.