Beacon Hill Institute
Eleventh Annual
State
Competitiveness
Report
State Rankings 2011 by State
Overall
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
NewHampshire
NewJersey
NewMexico
NewYork
NorthCarolina
NorthDakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
RhodeIsland
SouthCarolina
SouthDakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
WestVirginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Index Rank
3.478
49
4.284
36
4.494
32
4.368
34
4.501
31
6.899
3
4.875
26
4.974
24
5.466
18
4.523
30
5.383
20
5.612
16
3.896
44
3.913
43
5.939
8
5.828
12
3.869
46
4.099
40
4.557
28
5.196
23
7.34
1
4.9
25
6.501
4
3.054
50
4.431
33
4.806
27
5.97
6
4.175
37
5.844
11
3.726
48
4.003
41
4.525
29
5.357
21
7.289
2
3.895
45
4.355
35
5.563
17
4.149
39
5.394
19
3.803
47
5.754
13
4.166
38
5.698
15
6.333
5
5.724
14
5.962
7
5.909
9
3.998
42
5.352
22
5.871
10
Page 2 / Govt&Fiscal
Policy
I
R
5.056
25
2.777
50
5.31
14
5.379
12
4.267
47
5.203
20
4.786
39
5.674
2
5.77
1
5.435
10
4.675
41
5.266
17
4.363
45
5.527
7
5.232
18
4.887
32
4.943
30
4.869
34
4.639
42
5.411
11
4.995
27
4.815
37
4.994
28
5.302
15
5.54
6
4.584
43
5.061
23
5.143
22
5.453
9
4.216
48
4.806
38
4.287
46
5.289
16
4.497
44
4.995
26
4.976
29
5.219
19
4.875
33
4.895
31
5.571
5
5.354
13
5.623
4
5.06
24
5.504
8
4.757
40
5.67
3
4.828
36
5.199
21
4.847
35
4.176
49
Security
I
4.389
4.62
4.57
4.983
5.139
5.29
5.764
3.927
5.056
4.378
5.913
5.272
5.11
4.858
5.653
5.175
4.88
4.319
5.003
4.924
5.054
4.922
5.593
4.231
4.364
4.761
5.544
5.002
5.227
5.502
4.416
4.888
4.93
6.237
4.681
4.792
4.896
5.035
5.601
4.175
4.304
4.018
4.994
5.097
5.31
5.204
5.03
6.041
5.563
5.367
R
42
39
40
28
18
13
4
50
21
43
3
14
19
35
5
17
34
45
25
30
22
31
7
47
44
37
9
26
15
10
41
33
29
1
38
36
32
23
6
48
46
49
27
20
12
16
24
2
8
11
Subindexes,Rankin2011
Human
InfrStrc
Tech
Resources
I
R
I
R
I
R
4.859 35 3.959 48 4.752
33
5.303
6 4.901 30 4.211
45
4.895 33 4.92 29 4.759
31
4.975 28 4.318 41 3.936
49
4.563 46 4.464 37 5.778
5
5.593
2 5.467 14 5.772
6
4.639 43 5.426 15 5.692
8
4.913 32 5.073 25 5.067
22
5.081 21 4.309 43 4.323
39
5.207 13 4.144 45 4.636
36
4.83 36 5.574
9 4.666
35
5.008 27 4.578 34 4.859
28
5.075 22 4.939 27
5
23
4.827 38 4.818 32 4.685
34
5.041 25 5.987
5 5.106
20
5.299
7 5.387 16 4.901
24
5.026 26 4.437 40 4.233
43
5.047 24 3.996 46 4.248
42
4.573 45 5.557 11 4.209
46
4.626 44 5.552 12 6.661
2
4.968 29 6.457
1 7.932
1
4.92 31 4.61 33 5.189
18
5.235 10 6.166
2 5.753
7
4.555 47 3.412 50 4.155
48
5.158 17 4.956 26 4.876
27
5.19 14 5.14 24 4.774
30
5.311
5 5.663
7
4.9
25
5.577
3 3.942 49 3.826
50
4.554 48 6.095
4 5.552
10
4.678 42 5.287 19 4.829
29
4.827 37 4.461 38 5.271
15
4.693 41 5.193 21 5.472
11
5.189 15 4.445 39 5.151
19
5.63
1 5.932
6 5.295
14
5.088 20 4.934 28 4.884
26
5.146 18 4.487 35 4.256
41
5.23 11 4.896 31 5.192
17
4.932 30 5.308 17 5.357
13
4.866 34 5.169 23 5.836
4
4.716 40 3.985 47 4.272
40
5.27
9 5.561 10 4.503
37
5.22 12 4.223 44 4.382
38
5.179 16 4.31 42 4.758
32
5.101 19 5.547 13 5.437
12
4.271 50 6.163
3 6.303
3
5.065 23 5.186 22 5.264
16
5.297
8 5.302 18 5.564
9
4.457 49 4.48 36 4.219
44
4.819 39 5.606
8 5.083
21
5.477
4 5.278 20 4.171
47
BizIncub.
Openness
EnviroPlcy
I
4.888
4.524
5.072
5.223
4.938
5.359
4.205
5.679
5.202
5.247
4.836
5.439
4.305
4.86
4.887
5.119
4.867
5.045
5.127
4.744
5.219
5.215
4.774
5.137
4.795
5.2
5.01
4.754
5.065
4.417
4.921
4.512
5.469
5.481
4.784
5.163
4.616
4.667
4.843
5.129
5.749
5.102
5.139
5.566
4.757
5.248
4.251
4.785
4.908
5.388
I
4.668
6.996
4.934
4.315
5.994
4.699
5.414
5.348
5.346
4.825
4.969
4.627
5.307
4.953
4.7
4.787
4.966
5.874
4.508
4.853
5.408
4.931
4.85
4.46
4.348
4.18
4.636
5.261
4.743
5.691
4.43
5.735
4.697
4.596
4.722
4.35
5.17
4.624
4.939
4.921
4.158
4.827
6.299
5.124
5.273
4.763
5.997
4.538
4.667
5.134
I
4.626
5.579
4.483
5.274
4.363
5.584
4.766
3.64
5.208
4.618
5.539
5.765
4.104
3.171
5.241
5.788
4.228
4.516
6.075
4.344
4.919
5.182
5.709
5.204
4.863
5.733
5.432
3.912
5.517
3.374
5.435
5.198
4.877
5.903
3.653
5.258
6.072
3.793
4.902
4.908
5.969
4.476
5.059
4.558
5.957
5.115
5.953
4.598
5.543
6.015
R
30
45
23
11
27
8
50
2
14
10
35
6
48
33
31
21
32
25
20
42
12
13
39
18
36
15
26
41
24
47
28
46
5
4
38
16
44
43
34
19
1
22
17
3
40
9
49
37
29
7
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
R
36
1
22
48
4
34
8
10
11
28
18
39
12
20
33
29
19
5
43
25
9
23
26
44
47
49
38
14
31
7
45
6
35
41
32
46
15
40
21
24
50
27
2
17
13
30
3
42
37
16
R
34
13
39
19
41
12
33
48
22
35
15
9
44
50
21
8
43
38
1
42
28
25
11
23
32
10
18
45
16
49
17
24
31
7
47
20
2
46
30
29
4
40
27
37
5
26
6
36
14
3
From the Project Manager
The Report provides a state-based inventory of what Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School calls “the microfoundations of prosperity.” The BHI State Competitiveness Index identifies how well a state performs in its ability to cultivate, for
example, a solid base of scientists and engineers or how well a state is doing in protecting its environment while holding down
utility costs. The index can point to whether a state can improve the productivity of its workers by cutting down on the time spent
on daily commutes to work.
No one walks away without taking a clear picture of conditions in his state. Our measure offers compelling lessons from
perennially successful states such as Massachusetts, North Dakota, Colorado, Minnesota, Utah, and Nebraska. It also highlights the
disadvantages faced by highly uncompetitive states such as New Jersey, Alabama, and Mississippi. The index can be a motivational
tool to change policy to improve productivity because, in the end, that’s what really matters.
This year, Massachusetts regains its first-place ranking thanks in part to its high concentration of physicians, mathproficient students, and residents with health-care coverage. Also helping Massachusetts edge out other top performing states, like
North Dakota and Colorado, is its top placement in technology.
Despite its overall first-place finish, Massachusetts does have areas (picked up by our discrete variables) that suggest a
need for improvements. High electricity prices and expensive rent contributed to Massachusetts earning a bottom half rank in
infrastructure. Massachusetts has an emissions problem which dragged down its overall environmental policy ranking.
In addition to Massachusetts, North Dakota, and Colorado, Minnesota, Utah, Nebraska, Virginia, Iowa, Washington and
Wyoming fill out this year’s top ten. New Hampshire finished 11th.
Policymakers often compare Massachusetts’ performance with that of “leading technology states.” However, these high
technology states do not always prove to be competitive by the Institute’s measure. Massachusetts (1), Colorado (3), Minnesota
(4), Virginia (7), Washington (9), and Texas (15) are the only leading technology states to finish in the top 10. Other LTS states Connecticut (26), New York (29), California (31), North Carolina (21), Pennsylvania (39), and New Jersey (48) did not dramatically
improve their standings. Improving productivity and increasing personal income should be part of any state’s economic development strategy. And the
report continues to show that improvement can translate measurably into real capita income growth.
This year’s edition would be impossible without the talented resources available to the Institute from its internship program
and its affiliation with Suffolk University’s Graduate Program in Economics. Erta Muca, a second year PhD candidate, refined the
data collection methods used in this report. With her attention to detail, her inquisitive nature and her congenial spirit, Erta greatly
improved the Institute’s flagship project.
The release of this latest edition coincides with the addition of a course offering here at Suffolk University. This year, the
Economics Department introduced a new course, “Economic Competitiveness,” as part of an Expanded Classroom Requirement
option. The course seeks to explore the theoretical foundations of the concept and the current debate over its utility in identifying
the policies that promote economic growth. This year’s report is the product of months of collaboration by an enthusiastic group of students who assisted in various aspects
of data collection and production. They also learned the arts of number-crunching, fact-checking and Microsoft Excel programming
along the way. In particular, the authors of this edition would like to thank Suffolk University students Taylor Lewis, Manuel Londono,
Yen Sekoko, Betty Venieri, Shruti Venkatesh, Kai Yin Pang and intern Lynnette Nolan of UMass-Dartmouth.
We believe that our project team is proof positive that human capital is a critical variable for highly-motivated entities,
whether they are states, metropolitan areas, or research organizations - like our own Beacon Hill Institute.
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 3
BHI
The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University is pleased to release its 11th Annual State Competitiveness Report. Published
since 2001, the report has drawn the growing nationwide attention of policymakers, economists, and public officials seeking to
identify strengths and weaknesses in their state’s economic performance.
BHI
Table of Contents
Alabama................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Alaska.................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Arizona.................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Arkansas................................................................................................................................................................ 19
California............................................................................................................................................................... 20
Colorado................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Connecticut........................................................................................................................................................... 22
Delaware............................................................................................................................................................... 23
Florida................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Georgia.................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Hawaii................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Idaho..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Illinois.................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Indiana.................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Iowa...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Kansas................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Kentucky................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Louisiana............................................................................................................................................................... 33
Maine.................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Maryland............................................................................................................................................................... 35
Massachusetts....................................................................................................................................................... 36
Michigan................................................................................................................................................................ 37
Minnesota............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Mississippi............................................................................................................................................................. 39
Missouri................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Montana................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Nebraska............................................................................................................................................................... 42
Nevada.................................................................................................................................................................. 43
New Hampshire..................................................................................................................................................... 44
New Jersey............................................................................................................................................................ 45
New Mexico.......................................................................................................................................................... 46
New York............................................................................................................................................................... 47
North Carolina....................................................................................................................................................... 48
North Dakota......................................................................................................................................................... 49
Ohio....................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Oklahoma.............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Oregon.................................................................................................................................................................. 52
Pennsylvania......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Rhode Island......................................................................................................................................................... 54
South Carolina....................................................................................................................................................... 55
South Dakota......................................................................................................................................................... 56
Tennessee.............................................................................................................................................................. 57
Texas...................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Utah...................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Vermont................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Virginia.................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Washington........................................................................................................................................................... 62
West Virginia......................................................................................................................................................... 63
Wisconsin.............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Wyoming............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Page 4 /
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
BHI
“A state is competitive if it
has in place the policies and
conditions that ensure and
sustain a high level of per capita
income and continued growth.”
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
/ Page 5
BHI
About the indexes
How does one state create more economic activity, and hence more income for its citizens, than other states? What special characteristics or attributes lead to generating this higher income? Since 2001, BHI’s State
Competitiveness Report has identified the qualities that allow some areas to excel in income generation, and
the qualities that inhibit other areas from attaining the same level of competitiveness. This question quickly
leads on to others:
•
•
•
•
How are these qualities measured? What standard should be used to determine whether a state is competitive or not?
Indeed, why is it even interesting to measure competitiveness?
How does economic competitiveness differ from interstate competition for workers, firms and capital?
Defining State Competitiveness
Table1
StateCompetitivenessRankings
2011
Index Rank
Alabama
3.48
49
Alaska
4.28
36
Arizona
4.49
32
Arkansas
4.37
34
California
4.50
31
Colorado
6.90
3
Connecticut
4.88
26
Delaware
4.97
24
Florida
5.47
18
Georgia
4.52
30
Hawaii
5.38
20
Idaho
5.61
16
Illinois
3.90
44
Indiana
3.91
43
Iowa
5.94
8
Kansas
5.83
12
Kentucky
3.87
46
Louisiana
4.10
40
Maine
4.56
28
Maryland
5.20
23
Massachusetts
7.34
1
Michigan
4.90
25
Minnesota
6.50
4
Mississippi
3.05
50
Missouri
4.43
33
Montana
4.81
27
Nebraska
5.97
6
Nevada
4.17
37
NewHampshire
5.84
11
NewJersey
3.73
48
NewMexico
4.00
41
NewYork
4.53
29
NorthCarolina
5.36
21
NorthDakota
7.29
2
Ohio
3.90
45
Oklahoma
4.35
35
Oregon
5.56
17
Pennsylvania
4.15
39
RhodeIsland
5.39
19
SouthCarolina
3.80
47
SouthDakota
5.75
13
Tennessee
4.17
38
Texas
5.70
15
Utah
6.33
5
Vermont
5.72
14
Virginia
5.96
7
Washington
5.91
9
WestVirginia
4.00
42
Wisconsin
5.35
22
Wyoming
5.87
10
Page 6 /
2010
Index Rank
3.42 48
4.79 27
5.04 24
4.16 38
4.71 29
6.79 2
4.73 28
5.19 22
5.79 12
3.78 46
4.13 40
5.37 18
4.49 34
4.35 37
5.95 9
5.68 13
4.08 41
4.14 39
4.65 32
4.81 26
6.76 3
4.59 33
6.42 5
2.88 50
4.71 30
5.47 17
6.36 6
5.47 16
5.91 10
4.45 36
3.74 47
4.66 31
5.21 21
7.39 1
3.91 43
3.82 45
5.60 15
4.47 35
5.31 20
3.98 42
6.01 8
3.84 44
4.99 25
6.22 7
5.36 19
5.81 11
5.62 14
3.27 49
5.18 23
6.54 4
2009
Index Rank
3.20 50
6.31
7
5.12 21
4.23 38
4.48 32
6.33
6
4.81 26
5.16 20
4.87 25
4.69 28
4.72 27
6.12 10
4.33 36
4.26 37
6.13
9
5.72 14
3.95 43
4.06 41
5.05 23
4.48 31
7.04
1
4.47 33
6.58
4
3.29 49
4.44 34
5.52 17
5.55 16
5.35 19
5.70 15
4.03 42
4.14 40
4.37 35
4.51 30
6.93
2
3.68 47
3.91 44
6.11 11
4.18 39
4.68 29
3.86 45
5.89 12
3.76 46
4.95 24
6.65
3
5.48 18
5.80 13
6.15
8
3.54 48
5.07 22
6.37
5
2008
Index Rank
3.39 48
4.82 24
5.10 22
4.03 43
4.70 25
6.73
4
5.16 21
5.37 19
4.58 32
4.28 37
3.94 45
6.58
5
4.45 33
4.37 36
5.74 12
5.62 18
4.21 38
3.30 49
4.70 26
4.66 28
7.33
1
4.60 30
6.17
7
3.12 50
4.61 29
5.88 10
5.68 14
5.64 15
5.63 17
4.15 42
4.39 34
4.38 35
4.68 27
6.75
3
3.95 44
4.17 40
5.97
8
4.18 39
4.58 31
3.93 46
5.75 11
4.16 41
4.94 23
6.79
2
5.69 13
5.64 16
6.57
6
3.70 47
5.33 20
5.94
9
2007
Index Rank
3.44 48
5.77 13
5.47 19
3.54 46
5.10 24
6.59
3
4.93 25
4.85 27
4.63 33
4.68 31
4.30 40
6.24
5
4.43 36
3.91 44
5.48 18
5.53 17
4.31 39
2.75 50
4.45 35
5.12 23
7.07
2
4.16 41
6.20
6
2.97 49
4.87 26
5.68 15
5.82 11
4.73 28
5.88
9
4.07 43
4.72 29
4.37 38
4.70 30
6.36
4
3.89 45
4.68 32
5.74 14
4.47 34
5.19 21
4.07 42
5.90
8
4.41 37
5.35 20
7.39
1
5.78 12
5.62 16
5.94
7
3.46 47
5.15 22
5.86 10
2006
Index Rank
3.61 47
5.75 14
5.62 16
3.61 46
5.26 20
6.33
4
5.01 24
5.22 21
4.89 27
4.70 30
4.00 42
6.06
6
4.51 33
3.72 45
5.54 18
5.61 17
4.14 39
3.44 48
4.33 36
5.13 23
7.28
1
4.46 34
6.00
9
3.02 50
4.58 31
4.87 28
5.97 11
4.79 29
6.60
3
3.94 43
4.22 38
4.44 35
4.90 26
6.27
5
3.91 44
4.13 40
5.66 15
4.57 32
4.95 25
4.28 37
6.00
8
4.01 41
5.15 22
7.12
2
5.95 12
5.98 10
5.87 13
3.32 49
5.27 19
6.00
7
2005
Index Rank
4.05 43
6.00
9
5.17 22
3.08 48
5.02 26
6.37
6
5.21 21
5.17 23
4.79 28
4.92 27
3.95 45
5.67 14
4.58 35
3.73 46
5.45 15
5.71 13
4.42 39
2.60 50
4.46 38
5.95 10
7.16
1
4.68 30
6.05
7
2.83 49
5.40 17
4.62 33
6.02
8
4.62 34
6.67
3
4.54 36
4.00 44
4.27 40
5.05 25
6.41
5
4.07 42
4.16 41
5.32 19
4.65 32
4.67 31
4.77 29
5.71 12
4.48 37
5.25 20
6.78
2
5.37 18
5.73 11
6.45
4
3.40 47
5.42 16
5.14 24
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
the microeconomic level … - in the ability of firms to
create valuable goods and services using productive
methods.” 1
It follows that the outcome of competitiveness is
greater affluence, measured by higher levels of per
capita real Gross State Product (GSP) or personal
income.
Where they differ from one another is in their
microeconomic policies such as tax and regulatory
regimes, their provision and emphasis on education,
and their attractiveness to business. These policies
matter. As Porter puts it, “wealth is actually created at
Y = f ( K , L,Technology)
This says that output (Y) depends on the amount of
capital (K), labor (L) and technology that is harnessed
by the economy. As expected, more inputs lead to
more output. But what raises input levels? And why
do some states mix the ingredients – sound fiscal
policies, educated workforce, and openness to trade –
more successfully than others? To answer these questions we need to focus on
the quality of the business environment. Using his
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 7
Defining State Competitiveness
Massachusetts regained the top spot this year. North
Dakota finished second, followed by Colorado, and then
Minnesota, Utah, Nebraska, Virginia, Iowa, Washington Quantifying Competitiveness
and Wyoming. All New England states improved this year. New Hampshire, a perennial competitor on the border, To be useful as a concept, it is essential to have an
moved from 17th place last year to 11th. Vermont operational measure of competitiveness, a measure
improved to 14th while other
that aggregates the key microeconomic
New England states finished in the
variables into a single index. In its
middle of the pack: Maine (28),
influential annual Global Competitiveness
Rhode Island (19) and Connecticut
Report, the World Economic Forum does
(26). The lowest-ranked states were
this for the countries of the world, but
New Jersey (48) Alabama (49) and
until BHI’s index there has not been an
Mississippi (50) .
equivalent at the level of the states of the
U.S. There are some more specialized
What is Competitiveness?
rankings of the states, but none meet the
criteria for measuring competitiveness
We consider a state to be
as defined above, or have an equivalent
competitive if it has in place the
breadth of coverage. We believe the
policies and conditions that ensure and sustain a high
Institute’s index meets the challenge.
level of per capita income and its continued growth. To
achieve this, a state should be able both to attract and
In thinking about how to create an index of
incubate new businesses and provide an environment
competitiveness, we begin with the simple economic
that is conducive to the growth of existing firms.
relation:
Competitiveness may be thought of as a catch-all
term that covers what Michael Porter calls “the
microeconomic foundations of prosperity.” The states
of the United States all face the same macroeconomic
conditions set at the top – national fiscal, monetary,
and trade policy.
BHI
This State Competitiveness Report uses these
questions as a starting point. The indexes are designed
to measure the long-term competitiveness of an area,
and use a similar approach to the one taken in BHI’s
earlier studies of state competitiveness.
BHI
TechnicalNote1:
CreatingtheIndexes
Giventherawdataseriesforeachstate,several
stepswereneededinordertoconstructthe
competitivenessindex.
1.
First,eachvariablewasnormalizedtogiveita
meanof5,astandarddeviationof1,anda
rangefrom0(worst)to10(best).
2.
ThentheeightsubͲindexeswereformedasthe
simpleaveragesofthenormalizedcomponent
celebrated “diamond,” Porter finds it helpful to group
the influences into four components:
variables.
3.
Next,thesubͲindexesthemselveswere
normalized,againgivingameanof5and
•
•
•
Defining State Competitiveness
•
the quality of available inputs,
the sophistication of local demand,
the nature of local suppliers and the extent to
which they form clusters,
and the rules and institutions that govern the
market.2
These are still very broad categories and so, following
the Porter-inspired Global Competitiveness Report, we
actually classify our indicators into eight groups. The
breakdown is as follows:
Government and fiscal policies. Businesses are more
likely to be attracted to areas with moderate tax
rates and clear evidence of financial discipline (as
evidenced, for instance, by high state and municipal
bond ratings, and budgetary balance). This subindex is designed to pick up these effects. standarddeviationof1toeach.These
arepresentedinsidethefrontandback
covers.
Finally,theoverallindexofstatecompetitivenessis
thesimpleaverageoftheeightsubͲindexes,again
normalizingitsoithasameanof5andstandard
deviationof1.Inpracticethecompetitiveness
indicatorindexrangedfromalowof2.88toahigh
of7.39.
expensive is energy? These are the elements
of competitiveness that are included in the
infrastructure sub-index for each state.
Security. A state will be more attractive to business if
public officials are trusted, and if crime is low. The
security sub-index addresses these dimensions of
competitiveness, with particular emphasis on the
importance of public safety.
Human resources. A high level of labor force
participation, and skilled labor that is readily
available and not too expensive, combined
with a widespread commitment to education,
training and health care, make a state
attractive for business. These factors are
captured in the human resources sub-index.
Infrastructure. How easy is commuting? Do most
households have access to high-speed broadband
and telephone service? Is housing affordable? How
Technology. Since the arrival of the industrial
revolution, the development and application
of technology has been central to economic
Page 8 /
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
Openness. Open economies tend to be more
competitive and hence more productive, in addition
to specializing more thoroughly in their areas of
comparative advantage. The openness sub-index
measures how connected the firms and people in a
state are with the rest of the world. It is based on
the level of exports, as well as the percent of the
population born abroad, a key element.
Environmental Policy. States that are faced with
environmental problems, or that have a heavyhanded policy of environmental regulation, are
likely to be less attractive to businesses as well as
to their workers and managers; we measure this
effect with the environmental policy sub-index,
which among other things reflects the levels of air
pollution and of toxic releases. Decent air quality is
A complete list of the components of the
competitiveness indexes is given in Table A1 at the
end of this section of the report. To generate this
report we have used the most recent data available.
The eight categories
are coherent, but there
is inevitably some
degree of arbitrariness
in the way in which
individual data series
are assigned to the subindexes. For instance,
the amount of air travel
could be included in
the infrastructure subindex or the measure of
openness; and electricity
prices could be included in the infrastructure subindex or the environmental sub-index. In practice, the
assignment of a data series is much less important
than the fact that it is included at all.
A competitiveness index is simply a summary
measure based on a large number of variables. One difficult, and controversial, part is choosing a
weighting scheme. Our approach is the simplest
and most transparent: within each sub-index, each
variable carries equal weight. Then each sub-index is
given the same weight when constructing the overall
index. This has been referred to as a “democratic”
weighting structure, and is a reasonable artifact. If
two series were very highly correlated, there would
be no need to include both of them in the index; at
first sight, one might expect some series to move
together, such as the level of taxation and the number
of state employees. In practice, neither these series,
nor the others that make up the building blocks of our
index, are closely correlated, suggesting that they are
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
/ Page 9
Defining State Competitiveness
Business Incubation. A good idea is not enough;
businesses also need to be able to mobilize
financing for investment, both internally and from
the financial
system. A
higher rate of
business births
is a particularly
clear sign of
a competitive
environment, and
is an important
component of
the business
incubation subindex. This year
we have added two other variables: an index that
tracks the potential costs of tort liability, and a
measure of the education-adjusted cost of labor.
a measure that states are pursuing policies that
improve the environment, and attracts workers
and investors.
BHI
development. The technology sub-index measures
this by taking into account research funding;
the number of patents issued the proportion of
scientists and engineers in the labor force, and the
importance of high tech companies.
BHI
indeed picking up different facets of competitiveness.
Is the competitiveness index useful?
Do the indexes of state competitiveness explain affluence
and growth? If the index is properly constructed, then
it should help explain why some areas are affluent and
others are not. In our experiment we estimate an equation
with the following general form:
50000
45000
40000
Real Personal Income per capita, $'000
In short, competitiveness really does matter.
We use a measure of personal income per capita for 2010,
which is the year that corresponds best to the timing of
Putting the competitiveness index to work
most of the component series that make up our most
recent competitiveness index. Since the cost of
What do we learn from this exercise? Figure 1
living varies from
Naturally it is
state to state we
interesting to look
adjust the raw
at the raw rankings
numbers to take
(Table 1 on page
account of these
6), but this may
differences, using
not be the most
spatial price indexes
important use of
generated by the
the information. Bureau of Economic
The detailed data,
Analysis.3 This gives
both in individual
us the following
variables and the
estimated equation:
sub-indexes, allow
35000
Defining State Competitiveness
Real Personal Income per capita = a + b ×
Competitiveness Index
The coefficient on the Index variable, which is on a
scale of 0 (not competitive) to 10 (very competitive)
indicates that every additional one point on the
competitiveness index is associated with $1,893
more in real per capita income. Thus if Alabama
(ranked 49th with an index of 3.48) could achieve
the same competitiveness as Massachusetts (ranked
1st, with an index of 7.34), real per capita income
in Alabama would be over $7,300 higher than it
currently is, an increase of nearly 22 percent.
3
4
Real Personal
income per capita =
30,873 + 1,893 ×
Competitiveness Index 2010
p=0.002
one to identify the
determinants of
7
6
5
competitiveness. Competitiveness Index 2011
This is of value to
policy makers, who are then in a better position to
identify what needs to be done, in order of priority,
to improve the position of their states. This equation has an R2 of 0.21; the low p-value indicates
that the coefficient on the competitiveness index is highly
statistically significant, or in other words, higher values of
the index are associated with higher levels of per capita
personal income. The data points, and the line fitted
through them, are shown in Figure 1.
Page 10 /
The logic behind this is that a higher competitiveness
indicator index is associated with greater affluence. A reasonable inference is that if one were to
improve competitiveness, then residents of the
state would be better off. And the greatest upside
potential is for the indicators whose performance is
currently weak. For instance, a low-crime state may
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
Since 2001, when we began compiling these rankings, we
have set out to invite the policymakers, citizens and the
media to pore over the detailed results contained here.
We have also visited state houses from Massachusetts to
Rhode Island and Arizona to Wisconsin, and have hosted
discussions with delegations from the Republic of Georgia,
China, and other nations. Legislatures and planning
agencies have sought ways to improve their rankings.
(Endnotes)
1
Michael Porter, “The Current Competitiveness Index:
Measuring the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity,”
in World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness
Report 2000, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000. For
more discussion of competitiveness applied to nations see
“What is Competitiveness?” The Competitiveness Institute,
(September 2007): http://www.competitiveness.org/article/
articleview/774/1/32/ (accessed November 1, 2008).
2
Michael E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free
Press, New York, 1990.
Since then, we have received significant press attention
3
Bettina H. Aten, Eric B. Figueroa, and Troy M. Martin Research
and fielded very many questions about our methodology. Spotlight Regional Price Parities by Expenditure Class 2009.
Some have compared our rankings to those of other
5–2009. http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2011/05%20May/0511_
studies that stress economic freedom or low tax criteria.
price_parities.pdf.
We do agree that economic freedom and sound tax policy
are important, and our index of competitiveness includes
some indicators, such as the share of state tax collections
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 11
Defining State Competitiveness
What next?
BHI
have trouble reducing the crime rate further, while for a
in Gross State Product, that measure the weight of
high-crime state, efforts to reduce crime are likely to be an government quite well. However, we believe that other
efficient way to boost competitiveness.
factors are also important to competitiveness, even
if they are not easy to place on a scale of economic
To illustrate, we could pick a state which performs
freedom or fit into the ideals of low tax regimes; these
particularly well in some areas but ranks very low in some include such variables as the time that is required to
others. That is to say a state that ranks in the middle of
travel to work, the availability of venture capital, the
our index.
number of patents generated, and the importance to
the economy of high-tech firms. For each state, we set
th
This year, Rhode Island ranks 19 , with a competitiveness out the main competitive strengths and weaknesses to
index of 5.39. The state has clear strengths in technology give individuals a sense of where their home state has
(4th, sub-index of 6.12) and security (6th / 6.17). However, been and which direction it could be taking.
it ranked below the national mean on fiscal policy (31st
/ 4.80), infrastructure (34th/ 4.56), business incubation
The central goal of this report is to engage everyone
(34th / 4.57), openness (21st / 4.91), and environment
in thinking about how best to improve long term
th
(30 / 4.87). Suppose that Rhode Island were to raise
economic growth, while expanding and maintaining
these sub-indexes just
high levels of personal income. to the national mean of
At the state level, even if it is
5.0, surely a manageable
essential to think global, we still
proposition; then its
have to act local.
th
ranking would rise to 13
in the nation, its index
would increase to 5.81,
and state GDP would
increase by an estimated
$800 million annually.
State Index
BHI
TableA1
ComponentsofSubͲindexesforStates2011
SubͲindex
CompetitivenessIndicatorsIndex(“objective”)
Government&
FiscalPolicy
Stateandlocaltaxespercapita/incomepercapita(Ͳ)
Workers’compensationpremiumrates(Ͳ)
Bondrating(compositeofS&P’sandMoody’s,scale1Ͳ25)(+)
Budgetsurplus/deficitas%ofGrossStateProduct(+)
Averageweeklypaymenttoinsuredunemployed(Ͳ)
FullͲtimeͲequivalentstateandlocalgovernmentemployeesper100residents
(Ͳ)
Security
Crimeindexper100,000inhabitants(Ͳ)
%Changeincrimeindex,2009Ͳ2010(Ͳ)
Murdersindexper100,000inhabitants(Ͳ)
TheBGAIntegrityIndex(+)
Infrastructure
MobilePhonesper1000)(+)
HighͲspeedlinesper1000(+)
Airpassengerspercapita(+)
Averagetraveltimetowork(Ͳ)
ElectricityPricesperkWh(Ͳ)
Averagerentof2bedroomapartment(Ͳ)
HumanResources %ofpopulationwithouthealthinsurance(Ͳ)
%ofpopulationaged25andoverthatgraduatedfromhighschool(+)
Unemploymentrate,notseasonallyadjusted(Ͳ)
%ofstudentsenrolledindegreeͲgrantinginstitutionsper1000(+)
%ofadultsinthelaborforce(+)
Infantmortalityrateindeathsper1,000livebirths(Ͳ)
Totalactivephysiciansper100,000inhabitants(+)
%ofstudentsatoraboveproficientinmathematics,Grade4publicschools
(+)
Technology
AcademicScienceandEngineeringR&Dper$1,000GSP(+)
NIHsupporttoinstitutionsinthestate,percapita(+)
Patentsper100,000inhabitants(+)
NumberofS&Egraduatestudentsper100,000residents(+)
S&Edegreesawardedper100,000residents(+)
Individualsinscienceandengineeringoccupationsas%ofthelaborforce(+)
EmploymentinhighͲtechindustryasa%oftotalemployment(+)
Business
Depositsincommercialbanksandsavingsinstitutions,percapita(+)
Incubation
Venturecapitalinvestmentdollarsperworker(+)
Employerfirmbirthsper100,000inhabitants(+)
IPOvolume,in$percapita(+)
%oflaborforcethatisrepresentedbyunions(Ͳ)
Minimumwage(Ͳ)
PacificResearchInstitute’sTortLiabilityIndex(Ͳ)
Costoflaboradjustedforeducationalattainment(Ͳ)
Openness
Exportspercapita,$(+)
Incomingforeigndirectinvestmentpercapita,$(+)
%ofpopulationbornabroad(+)
Environmental
Toxic release inventory, onͲsite and offͲsite, total (new and original
Policy
industries),pounds/sq.miles(Ͳ)
GreenhouseGasEmissions(millionmetrictonsofcarbonequivalent (MTCE)
per1000Sq.Miles)(Ͳ)
Airquality(%goodaveragedays)(+)
Page 12 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
BHI
“The states of the United States all face
the same macroeconomic conditions set
at the top – national fiscal, monetary
and trade policy. Where they differ from
one another is in their microeconomic
policies such as tax and regulatory
regimes, their provision and emphasis
on education, and their attractiveness to
business. These policies matter.”
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 13
BHI
How to read the index pages
Page 14 /
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
BHI
State Index
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
/ Page 15
BHI
ALABAMA
Index
3.48
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.06
6.17
6.69
Overall Rank
49
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
25
2
3
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.21
3.96
4.53
41
46
39
5.06
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.39
6.30
42
5
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
4.39
4.01
4.24
3.00
42
38
40
48
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.86
5.27
5.82
35
19
9
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.86
3.71
4.21
35
46
45
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
3.96
5.31
48
17
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
3.96
4.87
48
31
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
3.50
45
4.65
3.59
2.63
3.99
3.13
31
48
49
44
48
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.75
4.09
33
43
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.61
32
4.56
34
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.89
4.70
30
37
4.45
3.96
46
41
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
4.75
5.43
33
14
4.89
5.52
30
1
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.58
19
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.67
5.01
36
12
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.67
4.15
36
42
Environmental policy subindex
4.63
34
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.63
4.42
4.36
34
38
36
State Index
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
Page 16 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
25
ALASKA
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
2.78
6.02
Overall Rank
36
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
50
8
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
0.37
2.88
4.53
0.34
2.54
50
49
36
50
49
2.78
Security subindex
4.62
39
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
4.62
4.60
4.27
39
32
40
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
5.30
6.31
7.15
6.38
6
6
3
6
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.30
4.34
3.69
3.95
6
38
45
42
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
4.90
6.16
30
5
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.90
4.24
30
37
5.36
5.25
19
20
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
3.55
4.49
50
33
Technology subindex
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
4.21
5.84
45
8
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.21
4.31
45
38
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.22
3.82
3.56
4.53
45
50
49
31
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.52
4.60
45
49
4.44
2.71
4.14
3.38
47
49
42
47
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.52
5.18
45
20
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
7.04
1
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
7.00
6.28
10.00
1
5
1
Openness subindex
7.00
1
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.58
6.00
5.84
13
1
12
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
5.58
4.90
13
34
50
BHI
Index
4.28
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 17
BHI
ARIZONA
Index
4.49
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.31
5.74
5.72
6.54
6.24
Overall Rank
32
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
14
10
13
4
2
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
3.62
4.00
48
45
5.31
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
4.57
5.84
40
11
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.57
3.94
4.60
3.90
40
40
33
45
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
4.89
5.65
33
8
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.89
4.26
4.70
5.08
4.76
33
39
33
32
33
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.92
8.69
29
1
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.92
3.96
29
40
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.55
33
4.41
4.00
4.58
4.08
36
42
31
42
4.76
5.03
5.33
31
19
15
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
4.76
4.36
4.35
31
39
37
Business incubation subindex
IPO volume, in $ per capita
5.07
5.25
23
4
5.07
4.62
23
47
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.78
5.42
14
16
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Minimum wage
4.46
5.24
45
34
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.93
5.77
22
12
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.93
4.40
4.63
22
36
42
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.48
5.69
39
14
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
4.48
2.35
39
49
State Index
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
Page 18 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
14
Index
4.37
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
5.38
5.52
Overall Rank
34
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
12
15
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.51
40
5.38
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
6.80
5.37
3
16
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.98
5.56
5.89
28
16
8
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.98
3.76
28
44
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.98
5.67
5.78
5.99
28
11
7
6
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.98
4.76
3.40
4.24
28
33
49
44
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
4.32
5.41
41
17
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.32
4.07
3.74
41
39
44
4.40
4.22
4.42
3.79
4.49
33
37
37
47
33
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
3.94
4.00
49
43
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.33
3.93
3.88
41
47
46
3.59
3.73
3.89
48
47
47
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
5.22
4.70
11
36
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
4.31
4.04
4.59
4.31
5.27
48
42
46
35
19
Technology subindex
3.94
BHI
ARKANSAS
49
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.22
4.92
11
20
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
6.28
5.52
6.13
3
1
4
Openness subindex
4.31
48
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.27
5.55
19
19
12
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 19
CALIFORNIA
Index
4.50
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.27
5.35
6.02
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
47
19
5
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.46
3.74
40
46
4.27
Bond rating: composite
1.17
50
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
5.14
5.20
5.51
18
19
19
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.14
4.63
18
31
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.56
5.58
5.75
5.05
46
12
15
16
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.56
3.99
4.15
2.86
46
43
41
49
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.46
5.80
37
9
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.46
3.91
37
42
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
6.39
6
3.08
49
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.09
20
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
3.28
4.09
4.08
48
39
42
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.78
5.47
6.97
5.31
5
11
3
16
Technology subindex
5.78
5
5.11
5.96
6.75
19
7
5
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
4.94
4.81
27
15
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.94
3.85
27
46
9.33
5.04
2
12
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
3.45
4.24
3.87
44
41
44
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
5.99
5.18
8.03
4
17
1
Openness subindex
5.99
4
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
4.36
5.85
41
5
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
4.36
2.15
41
50
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
31
Page 20 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
47
COLORADO
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
5.20
5.72
6.37
Overall Rank
3
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
20
11
4
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.01
44
5.20
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.29
5.84
5.86
13
12
10
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.29
4.14
13
39
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.59
5.96
6.24
6.65
2
8
8
4
Infrastructure subindex
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.59
4.65
2
35
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.47
5.47
5.78
14
14
15
Human resources subindex
5.47
14
5.26
18
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.56
5.65
5.22
5.86
13
12
18
9
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.77
5.19
6
19
Technology subindex
5.77
6
4.99
5.63
5.99
19
11
6
5.85
6.95
6.98
7
4
3
5.36
5.80
8
4
5.36
4.72
8
33
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
IPO volume, in $ per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
6.59
5.31
5.80
4
3
13
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.21
4.63
4.82
36
32
32
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.70
5.13
34
5
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.70
3.79
34
48
% of population born abroad
5.18
17
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.58
5.84
5.66
12
6
15
Environmental policy subindex
5.58
12
20
BHI
Index
6.90
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 21
Index
4.88
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.79
5.88
5.45
Overall Rank
26
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
39
5
17
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.55
4.00
39
45
4.79
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
4.53
4.31
36
41
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
5.76
6.10
5.93
5.76
4
8
8
14
Security subindex
5.76
4
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
4.64
5.49
6.59
43
15
3
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.64
4.32
4.64
2.92
3.88
43
41
35
49
43
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.43
5.96
5.65
6.50
5.58
15
8
12
5
13
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.43
4.19
15
42
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
5.69
6.21
8
4
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.69
4.59
8
34
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.08
6.45
9
4
5.70
5.58
5.12
11
11
20
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
4.21
4.90
50
10
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.21
4.36
50
36
5.27
5.19
8
6
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.07
2.77
4.23
2.86
42
47
42
48
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.41
5.54
4.89
8
10
18
Openness subindex
5.41
8
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
5.80
4.77
5.60
11
33
20
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.77
3.33
33
47
State Index
BHI
CONNECTICUT
Page 22 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
39
DELAWARE
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Overall Rank
24
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Index
Rank
2
17
1
3
10
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Index
Rank
Security subindex
3.93
50
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
3.93
3.75
3.61
4.44
3.91
4.91
3.94
4.76
4.46
4.12
50
45
48
37
43
32
50
32
38
40
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
4.91
6.17
6.04
32
6
10
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.07
5.90
5.30
25
10
15
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.07
4.56
25
33
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
5.07
5.43
22
12
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.07
3.85
22
47
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.92
8
NIH support to institutions per capita
4.55
32
5.43
6.51
5.22
14
6
17
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.68
10.00
2
1
Business incubation subindex
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.68
3.93
2
43
5.01
5.97
5.52
5.33
18
9
1
20
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.35
6.11
5.04
10
6
7
Openness subindex
5.35
10
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
4.89
3.64
20
48
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
3.64
2.81
4.06
4.06
48
48
42
44
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
5.67
5.43
6.33
6.01
5.94
Subindex/Variable
5.67
2
BHI
Index
4.97
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 23
BHI
FLORIDA
Index
5.47
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Index
Rank
1
11
11
7
6
6
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
5.06
6.30
5.74
21
6
16
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.08
5.56
5.80
5.72
Human resources subindex
4.31
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Technology subindex
5.77
5.74
5.82
5.69
6.20
5.97
4.32
Overall Rank
18
Index
Rank
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.06
3.70
4.48
21
46
34
21
13
13
7
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.08
4.40
4.86
4.15
21
38
37
38
43
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.31
3.55
4.52
43
46
34
3.70
4.20
4.05
4.49
46
40
41
33
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.32
3.89
39
45
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
4.30
4.45
4.30
43
32
39
4.12
4.28
42
38
39
Subindex/Variable
5.77
5.20
4.80
14
19
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.20
4.61
14
31
6.98
6.00
5.78
2
11
13
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.35
3.28
33
48
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
5.35
6.76
11
4
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.35
4.68
4.60
11
32
45
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.21
6.06
22
7
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.21
4.93
4.63
22
32
38
State Index
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
Page 24 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
1
GEORGIA
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.43
5.67
6.33
5.39
Overall Rank
30
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
10
13
1
16
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.90
32
5.43
Security subindex
4.38
43
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.38
3.79
4.48
4.19
43
43
36
42
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.21
5.84
6.23
13
10
5
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.21
3.96
4.91
13
44
31
Human resources subindex
4.14
45
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.14
3.90
4.16
45
43
38
4.32
3.91
3.98
4.16
4.22
4.49
38
47
43
42
40
33
4.64
4.16
36
41
4.17
39
Technology subindex
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
4.64
5.19
36
19
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
IPO volume, in $ per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
5.25
5.00
5.27
5.20
6.35
5.52
10
19
19
5
2
1
Business incubation subindex
5.25
10
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.82
5.17
28
19
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.82
4.70
4.61
28
31
44
Environmental policy subindex
4.62
35
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.62
4.85
4.91
4.10
35
36
35
43
10
BHI
Index
4.52
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 25
Index
5.38
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
4.67
5.74
5.43
Overall Rank
20
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
41
11
14
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.26
2.54
44
50
4.67
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.91
6.67
6.13
6.37
3
3
7
3
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.91
4.48
3
35
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.83
5.87
6.53
9.30
36
9
5
1
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.83
4.40
0.77
2.09
36
38
50
50
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.57
6.77
5.84
9
2
13
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.57
4.34
9
37
6.02
5.56
5.36
5.79
7
13
20
10
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
4.67
5.44
35
13
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.67
4.06
35
44
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.63
4.11
31
40
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.84
5.52
7.00
35
1
2
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.84
4.58
4.46
2.95
4.71
35
33
35
48
34
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.97
5.02
18
9
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.97
3.33
18
50
% of population born abroad
6.56
6
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.54
5.83
5.44
15
7
18
Environmental policy subindex
5.54
15
State Index
BHI
HAWAII
Page 26 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
41
IDAHO
Index
5.61
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.27
5.79
5.79
5.79
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
17
8
13
8
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.28
44
5.27
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.27
6.48
6.38
14
3
3
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.27
3.53
14
44
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.01
5.91
5.99
5.72
27
9
2
14
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.01
4.03
3.90
4.49
27
43
43
33
Human resources subindex
4.58
34
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
4.58
3.95
4.19
3.67
34
41
41
49
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.86
6.70
28
6
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.86
3.88
28
46
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.72
9
NIH support to institutions per capita
4.04
50
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.37
35
4.46
36
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
5.44
4.58
6
50
4.52
36
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.44
6.16
6
8
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.69
5.52
6.05
6.28
17
1
7
3
Openness subindex
4.63
39
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.63
4.53
39
49
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.77
5.95
6.03
9
2
8
Environmental policy subindex
5.77
9
17
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
16
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 27
Index
3.90
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.36
5.41
5.77
Overall Rank
44
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
45
15
9
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.78
2.98
34
48
4.36
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
2.72
4.52
49
37
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.11
5.84
19
11
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.11
4.34
19
38
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.08
5.67
5.52
5.58
22
11
19
9
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.08
3.70
4.74
22
47
34
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.94
5.34
27
15
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
4.94
4.27
27
40
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.20
19
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.63
32
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
5.00
5.04
23
18
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.00
4.61
23
33
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
5.63
10
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
4.61
33
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
4.30
4.93
48
8
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.30
4.57
48
31
5.13
4.87
13
20
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.26
2.77
3.40
4.52
38
47
47
38
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.31
5.21
4.89
12
16
19
Openness subindex
5.31
12
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
5.82
4.10
10
44
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.10
4.44
4.43
3.44
44
37
41
48
State Index
BHI
ILLINOIS
Page 28 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
45
INDIANA
Index
3.91
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.53
6.85
5.94
5.37
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
7
2
10
20
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.87
35
5.53
Security subindex
4.86
35
Security subindex
4.86
35
Infrastructure subindex
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.83
5.68
5.72
38
12
14
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.83
4.15
4.03
4.29
38
40
40
42
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
4.82
5.36
5.45
32
20
18
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
4.82
4.32
4.66
32
38
32
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
4.48
4.28
36
37
Technology subindex
4.68
34
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.68
4.50
4.53
4.12
34
34
34
39
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
4.86
5.52
33
1
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.86
4.65
33
44
4.08
39
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.95
5.51
5.02
20
12
10
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.95
4.33
20
33
Environmental policy subindex
3.17
50
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
3.17
2.16
3.73
3.62
50
49
45
47
7
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
43
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 29
Index
5.94
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Index
5.23
5.50
5.82
Overall Rank
8
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
18
15
11
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.44
4.70
39
37
5.23
Budget deficit, % of GSP
5.97
4
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.65
6.04
6.38
5
9
3
Security subindex
5.65
5
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.04
6.29
5.67
6.05
25
7
13
5
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.04
4.04
4.01
4.18
25
41
41
46
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.99
5.63
6.04
5
12
7
Human resources subindex
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.99
4.12
5
41
6.26
7.68
4
2
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
6.70
6.15
4
8
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
5.11
5.13
20
20
Technology subindex
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
5.11
4.17
20
40
5.03
17
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.30
35
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.35
14
6.10
4
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.89
4.80
31
18
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.89
3.51
31
50
5.52
5.78
1
10
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.73
31
Openness subindex
4.70
33
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
4.70
4.74
4.33
33
32
33
Environmental policy subindex
5.24
21
Environmental policy subindex
5.24
21
State Index
BHI
IOWA
Page 30 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
18
KANSAS
Index
5.83
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Index
4.89
6.05
5.56
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
32
8
14
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.92
4.38
3.20
31
40
48
4.89
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.18
5.59
17
18
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.18
4.61
17
31
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.30
6.29
5.48
5.73
7
7
18
12
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
5.30
4.09
7
48
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.39
5.54
5.63
16
13
17
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.39
4.20
4.24
16
40
39
5.83
5.68
9
11
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.98
5.99
10
6
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
4.90
5.63
24
10
Technology subindex
4.90
24
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.12
5.60
5.52
5.59
21
18
1
12
Business incubation subindex
5.12
21
Openness subindex
4.79
29
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.79
4.75
29
31
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.79
5.80
5.66
5.90
8
12
15
10
Environmental policy subindex
5.79
8
32
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
12
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 31
BHI
KENTUCKY
Index
3.87
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
4.94
5.41
Overall Rank
46
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
30
19
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.53
4.40
5.04
36
40
31
4.94
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.88
5.63
34
16
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.88
3.95
34
44
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.03
5.26
5.94
6.14
26
17
4
4
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
5.03
4.59
3.56
26
34
47
Human resources subindex
4.44
40
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
4.44
3.44
40
46
4.18
3.76
4.36
42
46
34
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.23
4.51
4.20
3.83
43
33
40
47
4.04
3.98
4.13
46
44
38
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.87
4.67
32
40
4.49
3.77
4.47
41
46
36
Technology subindex
4.23
43
4.87
5.52
32
1
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.80
11
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.97
5.52
5.28
19
11
4
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.97
4.10
19
44
Environmental policy subindex
4.23
43
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.23
3.90
4.57
4.22
43
43
39
39
State Index
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
Page 32 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
30
LOUISIANA
Index
4.10
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
4.87
5.63
6.78
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
34
14
2
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.75
3.64
4.40
46
47
41
4.87
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.32
5.89
6.25
45
9
5
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.32
3.56
1.57
45
47
50
Infrastructure subindex
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.05
5.62
24
16
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
5.05
4.52
4.61
24
31
36
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
4.00
5.60
46
14
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.00
3.75
3.44
46
44
46
4.23
4.11
3.21
2.99
39
38
48
49
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.25
4.56
42
35
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.45
3.95
4.45
37
46
34
4.17
3.69
3.91
39
49
46
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.04
4.72
25
32
4.51
3.58
38
49
Technology subindex
4.25
42
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
5.04
6.26
25
4
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.52
5.75
1
11
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.87
8.11
5.32
5
1
3
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
5.87
4.20
5
41
Environmental policy subindex
4.52
38
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.52
3.67
4.64
38
46
37
34
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
40
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 33
BHI
MAINE
Index
4.56
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
4.64
5.36
Overall Rank
28
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
42
19
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.08
4.06
4.53
4.62
46
43
36
40
4.64
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.00
5.92
6.13
25
13
7
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
5.00
3.25
4.71
25
49
33
Infrastructure subindex
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.57
5.58
45
20
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Electricity Prices per kWh
4.57
3.61
4.52
4.44
4.23
45
47
34
36
40
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.56
6.35
5.95
11
4
10
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.56
4.09
11
43
5.41
5.52
5.51
6.05
5.58
17
16
15
7
13
Technology subindex
4.21
46
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.21
4.09
46
42
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.31
3.21
35
50
4.08
4.03
41
43
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.13
5.59
6.09
5.68
20
17
6
15
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
Minimum wage
5.13
4.47
4.83
20
44
40
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.51
5.02
43
11
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.51
4.37
43
37
% of population born abroad
4.13
43
Environmental policy subindex
6.08
1
6.08
5.80
5.82
6.61
1
13
8
1
State Index
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
Page 34 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
42
MARYLAND
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.41
5.39
5.88
6.33
5.47
Overall Rank
23
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
11
20
9
1
16
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.92
4.47
31
38
5.41
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.92
5.88
5.87
30
10
9
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.92
4.52
3.42
30
33
49
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
4.63
6.48
6.55
44
4
4
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.63
2.55
4.24
3.05
44
50
39
48
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.55
5.46
5.60
5.89
7.26
5.99
12
17
14
11
2
6
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.55
4.15
12
43
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.66
9.46
2
1
Technology subindex
6.66
2
6.95
5.97
2
7
5.93
7.13
6.79
6
3
4
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
4.74
5.36
4.93
5.52
42
6
16
1
Business incubation subindex
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.74
2.57
42
49
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.85
5.85
25
9
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.85
4.02
4.68
25
43
36
Environmental policy subindex
4.34
42
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.34
3.68
4.19
42
46
40
11
BHI
Index
5.20
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 35
MASSACHUSETTS
Index
7.34
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.99
6.07
5.72
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
27
7
10
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
3.08
48
4.99
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.05
5.60
5.45
5.38
22
20
19
20
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.05
3.78
22
47
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.97
6.83
6.59
5.01
29
2
2
17
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.97
3.79
3.81
3.78
29
46
44
44
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
6.46
7.29
5.60
1
1
18
Human resources subindex
6.46
1
5.83
8
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.54
6.61
8.32
7.35
15
2
1
1
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
7.93
6.94
1
2
Technology subindex
7.93
1
10.00
6.96
8.78
1
4
1
7.49
7.56
7.41
2
2
1
5.22
5.00
12
7
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.22
4.54
12
33
9.70
5.77
5.42
1
2
16
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.40
3.45
3.47
35
44
46
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.41
5.28
4.91
9
15
16
Openness subindex
5.41
9
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
6.03
4.92
5.67
5.81
8
28
17
13
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.92
3.28
28
48
State Index
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
1
Page 36 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
27
MICHIGAN
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.81
5.96
Overall Rank
25
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
37
7
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
Rank
4.76
35
4.81
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
3.75
4.59
46
41
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.92
5.30
31
18
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.92
4.24
31
40
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
4.92
5.26
31
20
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Electricity Prices per kWh
4.92
4.04
5.04
31
39
35
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.61
5.47
5.48
33
15
20
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
4.61
3.23
3.76
33
49
46
5.21
19
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.19
41
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.32
14
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.22
41
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
5.19
5.52
18
12
Technology subindex
5.19
18
5.03
5.42
5.11
5.45
18
13
19
12
Business incubation subindex
IPO volume, in $ per capita
5.22
10.00
13
1
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.22
4.67
13
41
3.87
4.09
5.10
4.06
44
41
37
43
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.93
5.57
23
9
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.93
4.67
23
39
Environmental policy subindex
5.18
25
Environmental policy subindex
5.18
25
37
BHI
Index
4.90
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 37
MINNESOTA
Index
6.50
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.99
6.07
5.37
5.43
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
28
8
17
18
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.69
4.57
3.82
37
35
45
4.99
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.59
5.61
6.13
5.75
7
17
7
15
Security subindex
5.59
7
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.24
5.44
5.17
5.47
10
11
19
19
Infrastructure subindex
5.24
10
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
6.17
6.25
6.40
2
6
2
Human resources subindex
6.17
2
5.69
6.29
13
6
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
6.55
6.11
5.36
6.67
5
9
13
3
5.75
5.47
7
10
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.75
4.33
7
37
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.76
6.95
5
3
5.58
5.76
5.42
12
9
14
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Minimum wage
4.77
4.85
39
13
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.77
4.50
39
34
5.52
1
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.31
4.53
37
36
Openness subindex
4.85
26
Openness subindex
4.85
26
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.71
5.80
5.60
5.73
11
11
17
14
Environmental policy subindex
5.71
11
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
4
Page 38 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
28
MISSISSIPPI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
5.30
5.21
5.81
Overall Rank
50
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
15
20
6
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.53
3.92
36
45
5.30
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
7.00
1
Security subindex
4.23
47
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
4.23
4.01
3.61
4.35
47
43
47
39
Infrastructure subindex
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.55
5.79
47
11
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.55
3.58
3.49
4.15
47
48
48
47
Human resources subindex
3.41
50
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
3.41
3.48
3.17
50
47
48
4.22
4.35
3.17
2.51
3.54
2.86
41
36
50
50
50
50
4.15
4.14
48
48
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
3.86
4.11
49
43
3.80
3.44
3.69
47
50
49
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.14
4.66
18
43
4.44
3.87
47
43
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
4.15
5.33
48
17
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
5.14
6.24
18
5
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.52
6.38
1
2
Openness subindex
4.46
44
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
4.46
4.59
3.92
44
33
48
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.20
5.52
23
20
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
5.20
4.87
23
35
15
BHI
Index
3.05
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 39
Index
4.43
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.54
5.80
5.33
6.33
5.98
Overall Rank
33
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
6
7
18
1
9
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.56
42
5.54
Security subindex
4.36
44
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.36
4.15
4.54
3.61
44
36
35
47
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.16
4.91
5.63
5.73
17
20
14
12
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
5.16
4.88
4.66
17
31
31
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.96
5.31
26
16
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
4.96
4.60
26
33
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.56
33
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
4.88
5.21
27
18
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.88
4.41
27
33
5.31
12
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
4.62
31
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
5.03
19
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.80
5.52
5.62
36
1
17
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.80
4.60
3.89
4.01
36
32
42
45
Openness subindex
4.35
47
Environmental policy subindex
4.86
32
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
4.35
4.25
4.58
4.21
4.86
4.29
47
39
47
40
32
37
State Index
BHI
MISSOURI
Page 40 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
6
MONTANA
Index
4.81
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
4.58
5.46
5.45
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
43
16
15
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
2.41
4.76
4.65
50
38
38
4.58
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.76
5.60
5.75
37
19
14
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.76
4.26
3.43
37
38
46
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.19
6.44
5.62
5.97
14
5
16
7
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
5.19
3.73
14
46
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.14
6.37
24
3
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
5.14
4.21
24
38
5.74
5.32
5.47
5.58
12
18
16
13
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
3.93
4.50
45
33
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.77
5.84
30
6
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
4.77
4.49
30
35
5.20
17
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.12
4.49
4.18
42
35
37
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.20
6.60
15
3
5.20
4.71
15
35
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.14
6.76
10
1
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.47
4.62
5.24
4.06
43
32
34
43
Openness subindex
4.18
49
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
4.18
3.83
3.90
49
47
49
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.73
5.80
5.94
5.46
10
10
4
17
Environmental policy subindex
5.73
10
43
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
27
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 41
Index
5.97
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Index
5.06
5.56
Overall Rank
6
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
23
14
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.75
47
5.06
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
5.75
14
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.54
5.55
6.18
9
18
6
Security subindex
5.54
9
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.31
6.50
5.70
5.81
5
4
10
10
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
5.31
4.85
4.43
5
32
35
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.66
5.40
5.98
7
19
9
Human resources subindex
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.66
4.36
7
34
6.92
5.85
2
7
% of adults who are in the labor force
6.88
2
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.90
5.42
25
15
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.90
4.20
25
41
5.35
14
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
4.63
31
5.16
18
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.48
32
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.01
4.83
26
14
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.01
4.53
26
35
4.94
5.52
5.59
14
1
18
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.62
33
Openness subindex
4.64
38
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.64
4.52
38
50
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.43
5.67
5.78
18
18
9
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.43
4.85
18
31
State Index
BHI
NEBRASKA
Page 42 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
23
Nevada
NEVADA
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.14
6.70
Overall Rank
37
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
22
1
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
Rank
4.73
36
5.14
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
4.56
34
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.00
6.56
26
4
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.00
4.14
4.62
26
43
34
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.58
5.50
5.86
7.86
3
14
12
2
Infrastructure subindex
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.58
5.07
4.12
3
34
40
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
3.94
5.46
49
17
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
3.94
3.42
4.28
49
48
36
2.10
3.66
4.36
3.91
4.36
50
49
34
46
38
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
3.83
3.35
50
50
NIH support to institutions per capita
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.06
3.61
49
48
3.33
3.72
4.00
50
48
44
Technology subindex
3.83
50
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.75
5.78
41
4
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.75
4.18
41
40
5.72
13
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.14
4.36
4.53
42
40
37
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
5.26
6.66
14
5
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
5.26
4.26
14
38
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
3.91
5.88
45
5
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
3.91
2.11
3.74
45
50
46
22
BHI
Index
4.17
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 43
Index
5.84
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.45
5.67
7.59
5.38
Overall Rank
11
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
9
12
1
17
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.21
41
5.45
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.23
6.28
6.52
15
5
1
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
5.23
3.86
4.24
15
46
41
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
4.55
5.75
48
14
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.55
4.48
4.29
3.65
4.12
48
34
41
47
39
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
6.10
6.14
6.31
4
7
4
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
6.10
4.32
4
38
6.26
6.39
6.26
5.85
7.22
4
6
7
9
2
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.55
5.75
10
9
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
5.55
4.23
10
40
5.11
6.16
5.77
5.42
6.30
16
8
8
13
8
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Minimum wage
5.07
5.02
6.33
5.52
24
16
6
1
Business incubation subindex
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.07
3.94
24
42
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.74
4.90
31
17
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.74
4.44
31
31
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.52
5.72
5.56
16
16
16
Environmental policy subindex
5.52
16
State Index
BHI
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Page 44 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
9
NEW JERSEY
Index
3.73
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Index
4.22
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
48
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.10
4.04
4.27
2.92
4.77
45
44
41
49
36
4.22
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.50
6.23
6.75
10
6
1
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.50
4.07
10
40
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.68
6.49
6.83
4.93
42
3
1
19
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.68
2.99
3.68
3.15
42
48
46
47
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.29
6.41
5.79
6.40
19
5
10
4
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.29
4.87
4.65
3.76
19
32
31
48
Technology subindex
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.83
5.68
29
10
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.83
3.67
29
49
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.76
5.71
9
10
NIH support to institutions per capita
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.44
4.58
38
33
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
4.42
4.93
47
9
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.42
4.02
47
44
5.23
5.62
4.90
5.52
10
14
18
1
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
2.56
2.56
50
50
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.69
5.08
4.98
7
19
13
Openness subindex
5.69
7
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
7.02
3.37
3
49
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
3.37
4.37
0.70
49
39
50
48
BHI
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Overall Rank
48
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 45
NEW MEXICO
Index
4.00
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Index
4.81
5.45
5.31
5.56
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
38
18
19
14
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.61
4.65
4.26
48
32
42
4.81
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.42
6.16
41
7
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
4.42
3.82
3.66
4.03
41
42
46
42
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.83
5.38
5.46
5.63
37
15
20
19
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
4.83
4.02
3.82
37
44
44
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.46
5.73
38
10
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.46
3.36
38
49
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.53
13
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of adults who are in the labor force
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
3.86
42
3.98
4.52
3.54
43
32
46
Technology subindex
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.27
4.20
15
38
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.92
4.60
28
48
4.83
4.40
40
38
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.27
6.16
15
4
5.47
12
5.38
6.41
14
7
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.92
5.49
28
20
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.86
10
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.43
5.20
45
16
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.43
3.46
4.63
45
49
41
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.44
5.95
5.83
17
3
7
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.44
4.52
17
35
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
41
Page 46 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
38
NEW YORK
Index
4.53
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
4.29
5.45
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
46
13
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
2.71
4.43
4.27
4.72
4.14
49
38
41
31
43
4.29
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.89
6.31
33
4
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.89
3.89
4.52
33
45
36
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.69
7.42
6.07
5.07
41
1
9
15
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.69
2.69
3.19
3.71
41
49
48
46
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.19
6.09
21
10
5.19
4.34
21
35
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
6.97
3
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.66
4.36
32
38
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.47
5.71
5.36
6.33
11
7
14
5
Technology subindex
5.47
11
5.77
8
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
4.51
5.27
46
5
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.51
2.49
46
50
5.52
5.59
4.90
5.52
5
16
17
1
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
2.85
3.95
49
41
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.73
4.95
6
14
Openness subindex
5.73
6
% of population born abroad
7.21
2
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
5.20
5.66
24
19
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.20
4.71
24
36
46
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
29
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 47
BHI
NORTH CAROLINA
Index
5.36
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Index
5.29
6.33
Overall Rank
21
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
16
1
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.84
33
5.29
Budget deficit, % of GSP
5.46
11
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.93
5.86
29
11
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.93
4.13
4.58
29
37
32
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
5.19
5.27
15
14
Infrastructure subindex
5.19
15
Human resources subindex
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
4.45
5.45
39
18
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.45
4.48
39
35
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.28
36
4.13
4.25
3.75
43
36
45
Technology subindex
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.15
4.70
19
31
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.47
4.49
5
40
5.15
5.92
19
5
5.61
5.11
8
17
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.47
4.79
5
20
5.16
6.37
5.52
6.91
5.72
8
1
1
3
14
Openness subindex
4.70
35
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.70
4.50
35
35
Environmental policy subindex
4.88
31
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.88
4.93
5.03
4.68
31
33
31
34
State Index
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Page 48 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
16
NORTH DAKOTA
Index
7.29
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
4.50
7.13
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
44
1
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.45
2.89
4.56
3.78
48
49
33
46
4.50
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
6.24
6.81
7.23
6.28
1
1
1
6
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
6.24
4.62
1
34
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.63
7.18
5.83
6.32
1
1
6
2
Infrastructure subindex
5.63
1
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.93
5.45
5.95
6
18
10
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.93
4.57
6
32
7.30
6.40
1
3
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
7.45
5.72
1
11
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.30
6.30
14
3
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
5.30
4.34
14
40
7.04
2
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.31
34
5.38
15
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.44
4.40
36
34
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.48
4.89
4
12
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.48
4.44
4
47
6.54
5.60
5.52
6.60
5.57
5
18
1
4
20
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.60
5.14
41
18
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
4.60
4.67
3.99
41
40
47
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.90
5.77
5.75
6.19
7
15
12
5
Environmental policy subindex
5.90
7
44
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
2
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 49
OHIO
Index
3.90
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.00
5.43
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
26
19
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
Rank
4.67
38
5.00
Workers’ compensation premium rates
4.64
34
Security subindex
4.68
38
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.68
4.50
4.35
4.86
38
34
37
31
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Average travel time to work
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.09
5.39
5.20
5.71
20
17
18
16
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.09
4.60
4.37
20
33
38
Human resources subindex
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
4.93
5.26
5.58
28
16
13
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.93
4.37
4.52
28
37
32
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.39
38
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
4.88
4.93
5.06
5.14
26
20
17
20
Technology subindex
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.88
4.48
26
35
Business incubation subindex
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.78
4.93
5.43
38
15
15
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
4.78
3.67
4.57
5.10
38
48
33
37
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.72
5.05
4.87
32
20
20
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.72
4.25
32
39
Environmental policy subindex
3.65
47
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
3.65
2.90
3.88
4.19
47
47
43
41
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
45
Page 50 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
26
OKLAHOMA
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
4.98
6.15
5.45
Overall Rank
35
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
29
3
12
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.35
4.81
47
35
4.98
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
5.31
20
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
4.79
5.44
36
17
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.79
4.01
4.48
36
39
34
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.15
5.79
5.69
5.87
18
10
11
8
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.15
4.35
4.36
18
37
39
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
4.49
5.79
35
11
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.49
4.49
4.73
35
34
32
4.52
3.73
3.95
3.95
31
46
45
44
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.26
3.95
41
44
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.31
4.27
4.59
42
38
33
4.35
4.07
4.06
37
42
42
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.16
4.72
16
31
4.50
4.54
39
35
Technology subindex
4.26
41
Business incubation subindex
IPO volume, in $ per capita
5.16
5.17
16
7
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
6.00
5.52
5.98
11
1
7
Openness subindex
4.35
46
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.35
3.84
4.74
46
46
33
Environmental policy subindex
5.26
20
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.26
4.79
20
32
29
BHI
Index
4.35
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 51
OREGON
Index
5.56
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.22
5.76
5.55
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
19
10
13
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
Rank
4.81
37
5.22
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.90
5.84
32
12
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.90
4.06
4.75
32
42
32
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.23
5.56
4.93
5.35
5.71
11
18
18
16
9
Infrastructure subindex
5.23
11
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
4.90
5.51
31
19
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
4.90
4.68
31
33
5.95
5.50
11
12
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.04
4.36
4.49
44
34
33
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
5.19
5.25
17
13
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
5.19
4.35
17
37
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.16
5.10
5.66
7
18
12
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
4.62
5.14
44
11
4.62
4.63
44
46
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.92
5.86
10
9
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.02
2.08
4.59
44
49
34
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
5.17
5.61
5.18
15
8
17
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.17
4.72
15
34
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
6.07
5.88
5.86
6.48
2
4
6
3
Environmental policy subindex
6.07
2
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
17
Page 52 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
19
PENNSYLVANIA
Index
4.15
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.88
6.10
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
33
4
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
Rank
4.91
32
4.88
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
4.47
4.88
4.10
37
34
43
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.04
6.01
23
10
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.04
4.55
4.48
23
34
34
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
4.93
5.18
30
20
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
4.93
4.29
4.92
30
41
36
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.31
5.96
5.97
5.99
17
9
8
6
Human resources subindex
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.31
4.50
17
35
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
5.36
5.70
13
11
Technology subindex
5.36
13
5.83
5.16
6
19
5.72
10
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
4.67
4.81
43
16
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.67
4.54
43
32
5.07
4.87
5.52
15
19
1
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
4.35
3.44
4.74
36
46
33
Openness subindex
4.62
40
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.62
4.57
40
34
Environmental policy subindex
3.79
46
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
3.79
3.74
3.88
3.76
46
45
43
45
33
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
39
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 53
Index
5.39
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.89
6.15
6.12
Overall Rank
19
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
31
2
3
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Index
Rank
4.46
4.27
41
41
4.89
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
3.29
47
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.60
5.60
5.65
6.50
6
18
16
2
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.60
4.65
6
31
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Average travel time to work
4.87
5.73
5.17
34
16
19
Infrastructure subindex
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.87
3.85
4.62
34
43
36
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
5.17
5.87
23
11
5.17
3.92
23
41
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
6.37
5
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
3.66
47
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
6.63
4
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.84
5.84
4
6
Technology subindex
5.84
4
6.37
5.02
5.69
3
20
9
6.87
5.22
3
18
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.84
5.14
34
6
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.84
4.07
34
42
5.35
5.82
7
11
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.10
4.40
4.16
37
38
39
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.94
5.07
21
6
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.94
4.08
21
41
% of population born abroad
5.67
14
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.90
5.82
5.86
30
9
11
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.90
3.02
30
49
State Index
BHI
RHODE ISLAND
Page 54 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
31
SOUTH CAROLINA
Index
3.80
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.57
6.12
6.07
5.57
6.10
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
5
4
8
10
7
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.35
39
5.57
Security subindex
4.18
48
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.18
3.12
4.62
4.05
48
50
32
44
Infrastructure subindex
4.72
40
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
4.72
4.41
3.72
4.28
40
36
45
43
Human resources subindex
3.98
47
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
3.98
3.61
4.10
47
45
39
3.85
4.08
3.92
3.69
4.28
4.36
45
44
45
47
37
38
4.27
4.48
4.21
3.54
40
36
39
49
4.17
4.26
4.28
39
39
36
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
5.13
4.65
19
45
4.52
4.16
37
38
Technology subindex
4.27
40
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
5.13
6.13
19
8
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.52
5.48
5.87
1
14
8
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.92
5.48
4.93
24
13
15
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.92
4.35
24
32
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
4.91
5.40
29
20
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.91
4.35
4.98
29
40
34
5
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
47
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 55
SOUTH DAKOTA
Index
5.75
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Index
5.35
6.26
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
13
1
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.94
32
5.35
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
5.82
11
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.30
6.62
5.65
46
2
16
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.30
2.25
2.70
46
50
50
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.27
6.97
5.63
6.27
9
2
14
3
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.27
4.48
3.91
4.36
9
35
42
40
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.56
5.47
5.75
10
16
16
Human resources subindex
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.56
4.36
10
34
6.87
6.74
5.40
3
3
18
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.50
5.30
37
17
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.50
4.16
37
40
5.32
16
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.28
4.04
4.01
3.91
44
45
43
45
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.75
7.14
1
2
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
5.75
4.44
1
47
5.46
6.06
5.52
6.60
6.08
18
9
1
4
5
Openness subindex
4.16
50
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.97
5.97
5.95
5.99
4
2
3
9
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
4.16
3.90
4.55
4.02
5.97
50
45
48
46
4
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
13
Page 56 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
13
TENNESSEE
Index
4.17
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.62
6.00
5.56
5.65
6.25
5.54
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
4
5
14
9
5
14
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.74
31
5.62
Security subindex
4.02
49
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
4.02
3.45
4.29
3.22
49
49
39
47
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.22
6.47
5.64
12
5
18
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
5.22
4.16
12
38
Human resources subindex
4.22
44
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.22
3.95
44
40
4.56
3.92
4.07
3.90
3.54
35
46
40
44
46
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.38
4.66
38
32
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.30
3.97
36
45
4.06
3.97
4.09
45
45
41
5.10
4.72
22
34
4.58
3.99
34
40
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
4.38
5.21
38
14
Business incubation subindex
% of labor force that is represented by unions
5.10
6.21
22
7
Minimum wage
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.52
5.79
1
12
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
4.83
5.32
27
14
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.83
4.31
27
35
Environmental policy subindex
4.48
40
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.48
4.13
5.02
4.27
40
42
32
38
4
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
38
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 57
TEXAS
Index
5.70
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Index
5.06
5.94
5.56
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
24
6
14
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.35
4.53
4.83
39
36
34
5.06
Security subindex
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
The BGA Integrity Index
4.99
5.78
6.11
27
13
7
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.99
3.51
4.58
27
48
32
Infrastructure subindex
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.18
5.65
5.29
16
17
12
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.18
4.67
5.20
16
34
31
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.31
5.27
5.52
42
20
14
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
4.31
2.63
3.08
42
50
49
4.35
4.10
35
42
Technology subindex
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
4.76
5.30
5.31
32
15
16
Technology subindex
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.76
4.09
32
43
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.14
5.01
5.15
6.04
5.52
5.41
17
17
9
10
1
18
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.14
4.35
4.89
17
37
31
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
6.30
7.60
5.03
2
2
8
Openness subindex
6.30
2
% of population born abroad
Environmental policy subindex
6.26
5.06
7
27
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.06
4.76
27
33
State Index
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
15
Page 58 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
24
UTAH
Index
6.33
2011
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
5.50
5.45
6.23
6.33
5.64
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
8
17
6
1
12
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.83
4.54
36
35
5.50
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.10
6.09
20
10
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.10
4.52
20
36
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.10
5.75
5.67
5.86
19
6
11
5
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
5.10
3.89
4.38
19
45
36
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.55
6.04
13
7
Human resources subindex
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
5.55
4.05
13
43
5.50
6.37
16
4
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
5.30
6.49
19
4
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.44
5.38
12
16
Technology subindex
5.44
12
5.34
5.26
15
18
6.06
5.28
5.71
5
16
11
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.57
6.42
3
3
Business incubation subindex
5.57
3
5.25
6.24
5.73
5.52
5.53
9
7
15
1
13
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
5.12
5.81
4.89
17
7
20
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.12
4.67
17
38
Environmental policy subindex
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.56
5.72
37
13
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Air Quality Index
4.56
3.77
4.18
37
44
42
8
BHI
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
5
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 59
Index
5.72
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Index
4.76
5.82
Overall Rank
14
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
40
11
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
4.30
4.68
4.89
3.95
43
33
33
44
4.76
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.31
6.19
5.58
6.47
12
7
15
2
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.31
2.99
12
49
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
4.27
5.53
50
14
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
4.27
1.98
4.66
4.46
4.11
4.89
50
50
32
35
42
32
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
6.16
6.33
6.16
3
5
5
Human resources subindex
6.16
3
6.21
5.52
6
12
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.07
6.50
6.38
6.13
9
3
6
5
6.30
5.77
3
8
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
6.30
4.02
3
44
5.59
8.06
8.86
5.03
5.52
9
1
1
19
13
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
4.76
5.13
40
12
4.76
4.69
40
38
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.62
5.62
15
16
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
3.04
4.47
46
36
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
5.27
6.85
13
4
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
5.27
4.68
4.30
13
37
38
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.96
6.02
5.76
6.09
5
1
10
6
Environmental policy subindex
5.96
5
State Index
BHI
VERMONT
Page 60 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
40
VIRGINIA
Index
5.96
Subindex/Variable
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Index
Rank
3
9
4
1
18
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Index
Rank
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.20
6.00
5.66
16
11
14
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.20
4.38
16
38
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
5.07
6.08
5.93
5.47
23
7
11
10
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.07
3.81
3.72
23
45
45
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
5.19
5.88
22
8
5.19
4.82
22
31
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.13
20
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
4.31
39
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.39
5.72
17
11
Technology subindex
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
5.26
5.42
16
13
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.26
4.15
16
41
5.58
7.62
7.35
12
1
2
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
4.57
4.52
31
31
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.25
4.90
9
11
Business incubation subindex
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.25
3.66
9
45
5.13
5.78
6.22
5.52
5.96
14
12
6
1
8
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.76
5.44
30
15
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
4.76
4.24
4.61
30
40
43
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.12
5.40
26
19
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
5.12
4.93
5.01
26
31
33
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
5.67
5.75
6.37
6.33
5.36
Subindex/Variable
5.67
3
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
7
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 61
Index
5.91
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Bond rating: composite
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.83
5.30
5.51
Overall Rank
9
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
36
20
15
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
Rank
4.30
3.43
43
46
4.83
Security subindex
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
5.03
5.89
6.34
24
11
4
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
5.03
3.82
4.06
24
41
41
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Electricity Prices per kWh
5.30
5.35
6.29
5.28
5.97
8
18
7
13
3
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.30
4.52
4.38
8
37
37
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.30
5.81
18
14
Human resources subindex
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
5.30
4.60
18
33
6.70
5.26
5.58
1
16
13
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.40
34
Technology subindex
NIH support to institutions per capita
5.56
6.09
9
5
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
5.56
4.56
9
35
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
7.21
2
4.16
41
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total
employment
6.94
6.69
5
6
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
4.69
32
Business incubation subindex
Venture capital per capita
4.25
5.80
49
3
4.25
4.68
49
39
IPO volume, in $ per capita
4.96
13
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
3.35
1.61
4.77
4.10
47
50
31
40
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
6.00
7.45
5.72
3
3
13
Openness subindex
6.00
3
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
5.95
5.79
5.58
6.50
6
14
18
2
Environmental policy subindex
5.95
6
State Index
BHI
WASHINGTON
Page 62 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
36
WEST VIRGINIA
Index
4.00
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Index
5.20
5.45
5.69
5.80
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Rank
4.83
4.27
33
41
Security subindex
6.04
2
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Average travel time to work
4.46
3.18
2.99
4.06
4.38
49
49
50
49
40
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high
school
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade
4 - public schools
4.48
3.83
36
43
3.22
4.58
3.68
49
31
45
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.22
4.29
44
39
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000
inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.16
3.92
4.37
47
48
35
3.79
3.77
46
48
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions)
per capita
Venture capital per capita
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.78
4.66
37
42
4.48
3.82
4.24
42
45
39
6.04
5.98
6.93
5.41
5.84
4.46
5.74
6.39
2
12
2
20
11
49
8
1
Human resources subindex
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
4.48
5.52
36
13
4.22
Index
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Bond rating: composite
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
Infrastructure subindex
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
Technology subindex
Subindex/Variable
21
16
8
12
44
5.20
Business incubation subindex
Minimum wage
4.78
5.52
37
1
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
6.00
6
Openness subindex
4.54
42
Openness subindex
% of population born abroad
4.54
3.77
42
50
Environmental policy subindex
4.60
36
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
4.60
4.32
4.53
36
41
40
21
BHI
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Overall Rank
42
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 63
Index
5.35
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government
employees per 100 residents
Index
4.85
5.37
5.71
Overall Rank
22
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
35
18
11
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Index
Rank
4.36
4.70
42
32
4.85
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
4.27
4.68
41
39
Security subindex
5.56
8
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
High-speed lines per 1000
Air passengers per capita
Electricity Prices per kWh
4.82
4.03
4.20
4.51
5.08
39
42
37
32
33
Human resources subindex
5.61
8
Technology subindex
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
5.08
4.41
21
33
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
The BGA Integrity Index
Infrastructure subindex
Average travel time to work
5.56
5.69
5.20
5.70
5.67
4.82
5.56
8
15
20
15
17
39
13
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
% of adults who are in the labor force
Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
5.61
6.36
5.89
8
3
12
6.11
5.38
5.86
8
19
9
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000
GSP
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
5.08
5.73
21
10
5.11
5.25
15
16
Business incubation subindex
Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings
institutions) per capita
IPO volume, in $ per capita
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
4.91
4.81
29
17
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
4.91
3.76
29
47
5.08
5.52
5.89
11
1
9
% of labor force that is represented by unions
4.49
34
Openness subindex
4.67
37
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
% of population born abroad
4.67
4.71
4.31
37
35
35
Environmental policy subindex
Air Quality Index
5.54
5.68
14
15
Environmental policy subindex
5.54
14
State Index
BHI
WISCONSIN
Page 64 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
35
WYOMING
2011
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Subindex/Variable
Government and fiscal policy subindex
Workers’ compensation premium rates
Bond rating: composite
Budget deficit, % of GSP
Index
4.18
5.56
5.56
5.34
Overall Rank
10
COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
Rank
Subindex/Variable
49
14
14
20
Government and fiscal policy subindex
State and local taxes per capita /income per capita
Average weekly payment to insured unemployed
Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees
per 100 residents
Index
Rank
3.55
4.20
0.85
47
42
50
4.18
Security subindex
Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants
Crime index change 2009-2010, %
Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants
5.37
5.83
5.85
6.33
11
14
12
5
Security subindex
The BGA Integrity Index
5.37
3.46
11
45
Infrastructure subindex
Mobile Phones per 1000
Average travel time to work
Electricity Prices per kWh
Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment
5.48
5.39
6.53
6.09
5.67
4
16
3
1
17
Infrastructure subindex
Air passengers per capita
5.48
4.40
4
37
Human resources subindex
% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from
high school
Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted
% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions
5.28
6.55
20
1
Human resources subindex
% of population without health insurance
5.28
4.41
20
36
5.83
5.39
9
14
Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants
3.75
48
% of adults who are in the labor force
% of students at or above proficient in mathematics,
grade 4 - public schools
6.17
5.45
7
18
Technology subindex
4.17
47
Technology subindex
Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP
4.17
3.78
47
48
NIH support to institutions per capita
Patents per 100,000 inhabitants
S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants
Scientists and engineers as % of labor force
Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment
4.19
4.28
4.09
4.36
3.58
46
37
43
37
50
Business incubation subindex
Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants
% of labor force that is represented by unions
Minimum wage
Pacific Research Institute Tort Index
5.39
7.68
5.73
5.52
5.35
7
1
15
1
19
Business incubation subindex
Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment
5.39
4.64
7
35
Openness subindex
Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars
5.13
7.35
16
2
Openness subindex
Exports per capita, dollars
5.13
4.01
16
44
% of population born abroad
4.03
45
Environmental policy subindex
6.02
3
Environmental policy subindex
Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles
Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles
Air Quality Index
6.02
5.83
5.76
6.45
3
8
10
4
49
BHI
Index
5.87
State Index
11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
/ Page 65
BHI
About the Authors
Jonathan Haughton is Senior Economist at the Beacon Hill Institute and Assistant Professor of Economics at
Suffolk University. He holds a doctorate in economics from Harvard University and has published widely in
refereed journals on economic development and taxation.
Frank Conte is Director of Communications and Information Systems at the Beacon Hill Institute. He holds a
master’s degree in public policy from the McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies at the University of
Massachusetts-Boston. He is responsible for all aspects of the institute’s media outreach including its web
presence. He serves as Project Manager for the annual competitiveness project.
Erta Muca is a Research Intern at the Beacon Hill Institute and a graduate student in economics at Suffolk
University. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics and Mathematics from the American University in
Bulgaria. She assisted with the data compilation and analysis for this year’s report.
Acknowledgements
BHI would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of staff Paul Bachman and Michael Head as well as
Jessica Thanos of the Economics Department. The authors would also like to thank Suffolk University students
Taylor Lewis, Kai Yin Pang, Manuel Londano, Yen Sekoko, Betty Venieri , Shruti Venkatesh and Intern Lynnette
Nolan of UMass-Dartmouth who assisted in various aspects of data collection and production over the past
year.
About The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University
State Index
The Beacon Hill Institute (BHI) is an independent, nonpartisan economic research organization located in the
Department of Economics at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. Articles and references to BHI’s
work have appeared in leading publications, including the Boston Globe, Washington Post, New York Times,
Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times Magazine, The New York Sun, U.S. News & World Report and scholarly
publications such as Cato Journal, State Tax Notes and the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Working
Papers Series. For the last eight years, BHI has been a leader in the development of econometric models for the analysis
of state tax policy changes, interstate economic competitiveness and community economic impact studies. In addition, BHI has applied its customized economic models to public construction projects, public school
performance and alternative energy. The Institute has also produced state revenue forecasts, using its own
models for the Massachusetts Joint Legislative Committee for Ways and Means. The Suffolk University Economics Department features 13 full-time faculty members and offers degrees at
the undergraduate and graduate levels including a PhD program. Departmental research strengths include
international trade, economic development, national and international taxation policy, globalization, and
industrial organization.
Page 66 / 11th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report
Massachusetts
NorthDakota
Colorado
Minnesota
Utah
Nebraska
Virginia
Iowa
Washington
Wyoming
NewHampshire
Kansas
SouthDakota
Vermont
Texas
Idaho
Oregon
Florida
RhodeIsland
Hawaii
NorthCarolina
Wisconsin
Maryland
Delaware
Michigan
Connecticut
Montana
Maine
NewYork
Georgia
California
Arizona
Missouri
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Alaska
Nevada
Tennessee
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
NewMexico
WestVirginia
Indiana
Illinois
Ohio
Kentucky
SouthCarolina
NewJersey
Alabama
Mississippi
Index Rank
7.34
1
7.289
2
6.899
3
6.501
4
6.333
5
5.97
6
5.962
7
5.939
8
5.909
9
5.871
10
5.844
11
5.828
12
5.754
13
5.724
14
5.698
15
5.612
16
5.563
17
5.466
18
5.394
19
5.383
20
5.357
21
5.352
22
5.196
23
4.974
24
4.9
25
4.875
26
4.806
27
4.557
28
4.525
29
4.523
30
4.501
31
4.494
32
4.431
33
4.368
34
4.355
35
4.284
36
4.175
37
4.166
38
4.149
39
4.099
40
4.003
41
3.998
42
3.913
43
3.896
44
3.895
45
3.869
46
3.803
47
3.726
48
3.478
49
3.054
50
Security
I
5.054
6.237
5.29
5.593
5.097
5.544
5.204
5.653
5.03
5.367
5.227
5.175
4.304
5.31
4.994
5.272
4.896
5.056
5.601
5.913
4.93
5.563
4.924
3.927
4.922
5.764
4.761
5.003
4.888
4.378
5.139
4.57
4.364
4.983
4.792
4.62
5.002
4.018
5.035
4.319
4.416
6.041
4.858
5.11
4.681
4.88
4.175
5.502
4.389
4.231
R
22
1
13
7
20
9
16
5
24
11
15
17
46
12
27
14
32
21
6
3
29
8
30
50
31
4
37
25
33
43
18
40
44
28
36
39
26
49
23
45
41
2
35
19
38
34
48
10
42
47
InfrStrc
I
4.968
5.63
5.593
5.235
5.101
5.311
5.065
5.041
5.297
5.477
4.554
5.299
5.27
4.271
5.179
5.008
5.23
5.081
4.866
4.83
5.189
4.819
4.626
4.913
4.92
4.639
5.19
4.573
4.693
5.207
4.563
4.895
5.158
4.975
5.146
5.303
5.577
5.22
4.932
5.047
4.827
4.457
4.827
5.075
5.088
5.026
4.716
4.678
4.859
4.555
R
29
1
2
10
19
5
23
25
8
4
48
7
9
50
16
27
11
21
34
36
15
39
44
32
31
43
14
45
41
13
46
33
17
28
18
6
3
12
30
24
37
49
38
22
20
26
40
42
35
47
BHI State Competitiveness Report 2011
Subindexes,Rankin2011
Human
Tech
Resources
I
R
I
R
6.457
1 7.932
1
5.932
6 5.295
14
5.467 14 5.772
6
6.166
2 5.753
7
5.547 13 5.437
12
5.663
7
4.9
25
5.186 22 5.264
16
5.987
5 5.106
20
5.302 18 5.564
9
5.278 20 4.171
47
6.095
4 5.552
10
5.387 16 4.901
24
5.561 10 4.503
37
6.163
3 6.303
3
4.31 42 4.758
32
4.578 34 4.859
28
4.896 31 5.192
17
4.309 43 4.323
39
5.169 23 5.836
4
5.574
9 4.666
35
4.445 39 5.151
19
5.606
8 5.083
21
5.552 12 6.661
2
5.073 25 5.067
22
4.61 33 5.189
18
5.426 15 5.692
8
5.14 24 4.774
30
5.557 11 4.209
46
5.193 21 5.472
11
4.144 45 4.636
36
4.464 37 5.778
5
4.92 29 4.759
31
4.956 26 4.876
27
4.318 41 3.936
49
4.487 35 4.256
41
4.901 30 4.211
45
3.942 49 3.826
50
4.223 44 4.382
38
5.308 17 5.357
13
3.996 46 4.248
42
4.461 38 5.271
15
4.48 36 4.219
44
4.818 32 4.685
34
4.939 27
5
23
4.934 28 4.884
26
4.437 40 4.233
43
3.985 47 4.272
40
5.287 19 4.829
29
3.959 48 4.752
33
3.412 50 4.155
48
BizIncub.
Openness
EnviroPlcy
I
5.219
5.481
5.359
4.774
5.566
5.01
5.248
4.887
4.251
5.388
5.065
5.119
5.749
4.757
5.139
5.439
4.616
5.202
4.843
4.836
5.469
4.908
4.744
5.679
5.215
4.205
5.2
5.127
4.512
5.247
4.938
5.072
4.795
5.223
5.163
4.524
4.754
5.102
4.667
5.045
4.921
4.785
4.86
4.305
4.784
4.867
5.129
4.417
4.888
5.137
I
5.408
4.596
4.699
4.85
5.124
4.636
4.763
4.7
5.997
5.134
4.743
4.787
4.158
5.273
6.299
4.627
5.17
5.346
4.939
4.969
4.697
4.667
4.853
5.348
4.931
5.414
4.18
4.508
5.735
4.825
5.994
4.934
4.348
4.315
4.35
6.996
5.261
4.827
4.624
5.874
4.43
4.538
4.953
5.307
4.722
4.966
4.921
5.691
4.668
4.46
I
4.919
5.903
5.584
5.709
4.558
5.432
5.115
5.241
5.953
6.015
5.517
5.788
5.969
5.957
5.059
5.765
6.072
5.208
4.902
5.539
4.877
5.543
4.344
3.64
5.182
4.766
5.733
6.075
5.198
4.618
4.363
4.483
4.863
5.274
5.258
5.579
3.912
4.476
3.793
4.516
5.435
4.598
3.171
4.104
3.653
4.228
4.908
3.374
4.626
5.204
R
12
4
8
39
3
26
9
31
49
7
24
21
1
40
17
6
44
14
34
35
5
29
42
2
13
50
15
20
46
10
27
23
36
11
16
45
41
22
43
25
28
37
33
48
38
32
19
47
30
18
/ Page 67
R
9
41
34
26
17
38
30
33
3
16
31
29
50
13
2
39
15
11
21
18
35
37
25
10
23
8
49
43
6
28
4
22
47
48
46
1
14
27
40
5
45
42
20
12
32
19
24
7
36
44
R
28
7
12
11
37
18
26
21
6
3
16
8
4
5
27
9
2
22
30
15
31
14
42
48
25
33
10
1
24
35
41
39
32
19
20
13
45
40
46
38
17
36
50
44
47
43
29
49
34
23
State Rankings 2010 by Rank
Overall
Govt&Fiscal
Policy
I
R
4.995
27
4.497
44
5.203
20
4.994
28
5.504
8
5.061
23
5.67
3
5.232
18
4.828
36
4.176
49
5.453
9
4.887
32
5.354
13
4.757
40
5.06
24
5.266
17
5.219
19
5.77
1
4.895
31
4.675
41
5.289
16
4.847
35
5.411
11
5.674
2
4.815
37
4.786
39
4.584
43
4.639
42
4.287
46
5.435
10
4.267
47
5.31
14
5.54
6
5.379
12
4.976
29
2.777
50
5.143
22
5.623
4
4.875
33
4.869
34
4.806
38
5.199
21
5.527
7
4.363
45
4.995
26
4.943
30
5.571
5
4.216
48
5.056
25
5.302
15
The Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy Research
Suffolk University
8 Ashburton Place
Boston, MA 02108
Phone: 617-573-8750 Fax: 617-720-4272
bhi@beaconhill.org
http://www.beaconhill.org
2011