The Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Contents
— Global Gender Gap Index Methodology
— Selected Rankings 2013
— Global & Regional Performance 2013
— Dynamics of the Gender Gap
— Gender Gap and Competitiveness
— Policy Frameworks
— Korea’s Profile
Global Gender Gap
Index
Why create an Index?
— No country in the world has yet reached gender equality but there
are major variations across countries.
— Gender inequality is a matter of equity as well as a matter of
efficiency
The Global Gender Gap Index seeks to:
— track the magnitude and direction of gender-based inequalities over
time
— create an opportunity to “learn” from successful countries
— foster greater awareness of the challenges as well as the
opportunities
Global Gender Gap
Index
Four principal features of the Global Gender Gap Index:
— It measures gender gaps rather than levels of women’s
empowerment
— It measures outcomes, not enabling factors
— It rewards parity
— It is comparable across time and comparable relative to an equality
benchmark
Global Gender Gap
Index
Economic
participation
and
opportunity
Educational
attainment
Political
empowerment
Four critical
areas for
measuring
the gender
gap
Health and
survival
14 variables – 13 from hard data and 1 from survey data
All data truncated at equality benchmark. Weights by standard deviation
within a subindex and simple average between the 4 subindexes.
Indicators and
Sources
Country Coverage
— The Global Gender Gap Index 2013 covers 136 economies,
representing over 90% of the world’s population
— 110 of these countries have been covered since 2006
— All countries with a minimum of 12 out of the 14 indicators are
covered
Selected Rankings
2013: Top 20 and
Selected Countries
score
rank
Burundi
0.740
22
2
United States
0.739
23
0.842
3
Australia
0.739
24
Sweden
0.813
4
Ecuador
0.739
25
Philippines
0.783
5
Mozambique
0.735
26
Ireland
0.782
6
Bolivia
0.734
27
New Zealand
0.780
7
Argentina
0.720
34
Denmark
0.778
8
France
0.709
45
Switzerland
0.774
9
Russian Federation
0.698
61
Nicaragua
0.771
10
Brazil
0.695
62
Belgium
0.768
11
Mexico
0.692
68
Latvia
0.761
12
China
0.691
69
Netherlands
0.761
13
India
0.655
101
Germany
0.758
14
Japan
0.650
105
Cuba
0.754
15
Korea, Republic of
0.635
111
Lesotho
0.753
16
Japan
0.650
105
South Africa
0.751
17
Turkey
0.608
120
United Kingdom
0.744
18
Chad
0.559
134
Austria
0.744
19
Pakistan
0.546
135
Canada
0.742
20
Yemen
0.513
136
Countries
score
rank
Iceland
0.873
1
Finland
0.842
Norway
Countries
Regional
Performance:
Global Gender Gap
Index
1.0
Global Gender Gap Index Score (0.00-1.00)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa
North Africa (59%)
(67%)
Asia and the
Pacific (67%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Latin America and Europe and Central
the Caribbean
Asia (71%)
(70%)
North America
(74%)
Regional
Performance:
Educational
Attainment
1.0
Subindex score (0.00-1.00)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and Asia and the Pacific Europe and Central Latin America and
(83%)
North Africa (92%)
(93%)
Asia (99%)
the Caribbean
(99%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
North America
(100%)
Regional
Performance:
Health and Survival
1.0
Subindex score (0.00-1.00)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Asia and the Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and Europe and Central Latin America and
(95%)
(97%)
North Africa (97%)
Asia (97%)
the Caribbean
(98%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
North America
(98%)
Regional
Performance:
Economic
Participation and
Opportunity
1.0
Subindex score (0.00-1.00)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Middle East and Asia and the Pacific Latin America and Europe and Central Sub-Saharan Africa
North Africa (39%)
(56%)
the Caribbean
Asia
(68%)
(63%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
North America
(82%)
Regional
Performance:
Political
Empowerment
1.0
Subindex score (0.00-1.00)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Middle East and
North Africa (7%)
North America
(16%)
Sub-Saharan
Africa (18%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Europe and Central Latin America and
Asia (19%)
the Caribbean
(20%)
Asia and the
Pacific (24%)
Global Patterns
2013
Economy (60%)
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Health (96%)
0.00
Politics (21%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Education (93%)
Rankings by
Income Group
2013
LOW INCOME
Overall
score
0.7397
Burundi
0.7349
Mozambique
0.7139
Malawi
0.7086
Uganda
0.7016
Madagascar
0.6948
Kyrgyz Republic
0.6928
Tanzania
0.6848
Bangladesh
0.6803
Kenya
0.6682
Tajikistan
0.6513
Burkina Faso
0.6509
Cambodia
0.6198
Ethiopia
0.6053
Nepal
0.5885
Benin
0.5872
Mali
0.5588
Chad
Country
Overall
rank
22
26
39
46
56
63
66
75
78
90
103
104
118
121
126
128
134
LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME
Overall Overall
score
rank
0.7832
5
Philippines
0.7715
10
Nicaragua
0.7530
16
Lesotho
0.7340
27
Bolivia
0.7204
33
Mongolia
0.7122
41
Cape Verde
0.7085
48
Guyana
0.7037
52
Moldova
0.7019
55
Sri Lanka
0.6993
60
Lao PDR
0.6935
64
Ukraine
0.6923
67
Senegal
0.6863
73
Viet Nam
0.6811
76
Ghana
0.6773
82
Honduras
0.6750
86
Georgia
0.6724
89
Paraguay
0.6651
93
Bhutan
0.6634
94
Armenia
0.6613
95
Indonesia
0.6609
96
El Salvador
0.6560
100
Cameroon
0.6551
101
India
0.6469
106
Nigeria
0.6312
113
Zambia
0.6304
114
Guatemala
0.5935
125
Egypt
0.5845
129
Morocco
0.5814
131
Côte d'Ivoire
0.5810
132
Mauritania
0.5661
133
Syrian Arab
Republic
0.5459
135
Pakistan
0.5128
136
Yemen
Country
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME
Overall Overall
score
rank
0.7540
15
Cuba
0.7510
17
South Africa
0.7389
25
Ecuador
0.7241
31
Costa Rica
0.7218
32
Kazakhstan
0.7195
34
Argentina
0.7171
35
Colombia
0.7164
37
Panama
0.7116
42
Serbia
0.7097
43
Bulgaria
0.7094
44
Namibia
0.7085
47
Jamaica
0.7060
50
Venezuela
0.7013
57
Macedonia, FYR
0.6949
62
Brazil
0.6928
65
Thailand
0.6917
68
Mexico
0.6908
69
China
0.6908
70
Romania
72
Dominican Republic 0.6867
0.6787
80
Peru
0.6752
85
Botswana
0.6742
87
Hungary
0.6659
92
Angola*
0.6604
97
Maldives
0.6599
98
Mauritius
0.6582
99
Azerbaijan
0.6518
102
Malaysia
0.6449
107
Belize
0.6412
108
Albania
0.6369
110
Suriname
0.6286
117
Fiji
0.6093
119
Jordan
0.6081
120
Turkey
0.6028
123
Lebanon
0.5966
124
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Rep.
0.5842
130
Country
HIGH INCOME
Overall
score
0.8731
Iceland
0.8421
Finland
0.8417
Norway
0.8129
Sweden
0.7823
Ireland
0.7799
New Zealand
0.7779
Denmark
0.7736
Switzerland
0.7684
Belgium
0.7610
Latvia
0.7608
Netherlands
0.7583
Germany
0.7440
United Kingdom
0.7437
Austria
0.7425
Canada
0.7410
Luxembourg
0.7392
United States
0.7390
Australia
0.7308
Lithuania
0.7301
Barbados
0.7266
Spain
Trinidad and Tobago 0.7166
0.7155
Slovenia
0.7128
Bahamas
0.7089
France
0.7069
Croatia
0.7056
Portugal
0.7032
Israel
0.7031
Poland
0.7000
Singapore
0.6997
Estonia
0.6983
Russian Federation
0.6885
Italy
0.6857
Slovak Republic
0.6803
Uruguay
0.6801
Cyprus
0.6782
Greece
0.6770
Czech Republic
0.6761
Malta
0.6730
Brunei Darussalam
0.6670
Chile
0.6498
Japan
United Arab Emirates 0.6372
0.6351
Korea, Rep.
Bahrain
0.6334
0.6299
Qatar
Kuwait
0.6292
0.6053
Oman
Country
Saudi Arabia
0.5879
Overall
rank
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
18
19
20
21
23
24
28
29
30
36
38
40
45
49
51
53
54
58
59
61
71
74
77
79
81
83
84
88
91
105
109
111
112
115
116
122
127
Dynamics of the
Gender Gap
0.9
Global Gender Gap Index score (0.00 - 1.00)
Japan
Finland
0.8
Chile
United
Kingdom
Turkey
0.7
Spain
0.6
0.5
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Competitiveness &
Gender Gap
— One of the most important determinants of a country’s
competitiveness is its human talent – the skills, education and
productivity of its workforce.
— Women account for one half of the potential talent base throughout
the world.
— Over time, a nation’s competitiveness depends significantly on
whether and how it develops and utilizes female talent.
— This implies that countries that do not capitalize on the full potential
of one half of their societies are misallocating their human resources
and undermining their competitive potential.
6.0
Switzerland
Finland
Global Competitivenss Index 2013-2014 score (1-7 scale)
Global
Competitiveness
Index & Gender
Gap Index
Sweden
New Zealand
Denmark
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
5.0
China
Norway
Ireland
Brazil
Iceland
Philippines
India
Russian Federation
4.0
Nicaragua
Lesotho
Pakistan
3.0
Mauritania
Yemen
Burundi
Chad
2.0
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Global Gender Gap Index 2013 scores (0.00-1.00 scale)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
0.8
0.9
Ageing and the
Gender Gap
Median score (0.67)
60
Old-age dependency ratio (projections for 2030)
50
Finland
40
Switzerland
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
New Zealand
Iceland
30
Russian Federation
Ireland
China
20
Brazil
10
India
Philippines
Saudi ArabiaNicaragua
Benin
United Arab Emirates
0
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
Economic Participation and Opportunity scores ( 0.00-1.00 scale)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
0.80
0.85
0.90
Policy Framework
for Gender Equality
The magnitude and type of gender gaps in countries around the world
are the combined result of various socioeconomic and cultural
variables.
Policy can play a key role in influencing gender equality.
In order to complement the data presented in this Report and to build a
more comprehensive picture of the policy environment, the World
Economic Forum has conducted a survey of national policy
frameworks relating to parental leave, availability of childcare, type of
taxation and workplace equality.
The result is presented in the Report.
Policy Framework
for Gender Equality
Public Daycare with allowance
(25%)
Public Daycare without
allowance (11%)
Private Daycare with allowance
(21%)
Private without allowance (20%)
Homecare with allowance (10%)
Homecare without allowance
(13%)
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Policy Framework
for Gender Equality
Legislation imposing gender-neutral practices at workplace
No
(11%)
11%
Yes (89%)
89%
Legislation for mandatory % of both genders in corporate boards
Yes (23%)
23%
No (77%)
77%
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Policy Framework
for Gender Equality
100
Number of countries (% of total)
90
80
Maternity leave country
coverage (% of total)
70
60
Paternity leave country
coverage (% of total)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Source: World Economic Forum – Global Gender Gap Report 2013
Remaining leave country
coverage (% of total)
Korea Profile
Korea’s Profile
Korea’s Profile
Q&A