Real Estate Trends in Central Ohio 2015 Urban Land Institute 1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW Suite 500 West Washington, DC 20007-5201 www.uli.org ULI Columbus 1196 Hope Avenue Columbus, OH 43212 http://columbus.uli.org Cover Image Source: The Ohio State University, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute. © 2014 Urban Land Institute Real Estate Trends in Central Ohio A PUBLICATION FROM: 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Survey Respondent Characteristics General Business Prospects Key Issues for 2015 Real Estate Sectors Capital Markets Central Ohio Submarkets How Does Central Ohio Compare? Building Healthy Places 1 1 2 4 5 8 10 12 14 BACKGROUND Real Estate Trends in Central Ohio takes a pulse of the region's real estate market, including capital markets, various sectors, and area submarkets. This survey complements the national Urban Land Institute's Emerging Trends in Real Estate, adding an in -depth local perspective to the national survey's insights on the U.S. economy and real estate markets. In early October, ULI Columbus distributed a link to an online survey to its full e -mail list, from which 69 responses were collected from October 2 to October 31. Additionally, 15 interviews were conducted throughout October with key local experts from the p rivate and public sectors across a range of professional developments, in particular real estate development, management, finance, a nd planning. The information presented in this report comprise quantitative data from the survey and quotes from the interviews as well as the comment sections in the survey. SURVEY RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS Professional service firms represent the largest share of Respondents by field survey respondents at 31 percent, followed by private developers (15 percent) and government (13 percent). More than a quarter (31 percent) of survey respondents are at the director or manager level at their firms. Generally, respondents range across different levels from CEO to Associate. Healthcare 2% University 3% Other 10% Government 13% This year's respondents were more skewed toward rental housing and office than in the past, with 69 and 56 percent of respondents, respectively, active in those Professional Service Firm 31% sectors. Private Developer 15% REIT 3% Lender 9% Brokerage 6% Property Management 5% Other responses: non-profit community development, non-profit developer Respondents by sector (multiple selections allowed) 0% 20% 40% Office 60% 47% Residential - rental Institutional/public Niche/alternative Other 14% 69% Associate 12% 17% Industrial/distribution Hospitality 100% 56% Retail Residential - for sale 80% Respondents by position 47% 19% President/CEO 9% EVP/COO/CFO 4% 17% 25% Owner 20% Director/Manager 31% Vice President 10% Other responses: business development, partner, professor. 1 GENERAL BUSINESS PROSPECTS Expected and actual profitability of own business Survey respondents expect their own business to do slightly better in 2015 compared to 2014. These Expectations sentiments are similar to last year's survey, where respondents expected a better 2014 compared to 2013. Excellent Some interviewees note historically high levels of activity. Good 5.00 4.50 "We've probably been busier than in the past ten years." 4.00 3.40 3.50 "New projects seem to be presenting themselves at an Fair exponential pace as people are more optimistic about the economy and real estate." Abysmal Business prospects for industry areas in Central Ohio 1.00 REITs Real estate investment management 2.00 CMBS lenders/issuers Insurance company real estate lenders Real estate brokers Fair 3.00 Good Excellent 4.00 2014 2.00 1.50 1.00 2015 In the survey, multifamily development 3.74 takes the top spot (average score of 4.33), 3.83 followed by real estate ownership (3.94). On the development side, a number of interviews highlighted construction in 3.79 4.33 3.66 healthy because rates are still low. market is volatile." 3.47 Multifamily developers lines of business, everything from Investments will do well because the stock 3.79 3.53 outperformed because we have so many management." "Finance will be pretty 3.94 Real estate consultants "We would like to think we have construction to brokerage to property 3.79 3.50 Homebuilders/residential land developers 5.00 3.62 Architects, designers Commercial developers 2013 4.05 Prospects are high across industry areas. Private local real estate owners Commercial bank real estate lenders 4.023.91 3.00 2012 Poor 3.89 3.68 2.50 Poor Abysmal Actual particular: "2014 will represent our largest construction volume year in the history of our company." "I see the strongest profits in 2015 within the Central Ohio real estate industry to be in construction." "If you're a contractor, you'll do really well in the next couple years." . 2 Business prospects for real estate sectors in Central Ohio Investment A deeper dive into real estate sectors reveals large industrial/distribution space to have the Abysmal best prospects in central Ohio, above the various multifamily residential categories that have dominated in previous years' surveys. Medical office also scores strongly. Prospects are generally higher for investment than for development. "Everybody is out there chasing yield" which, combined with low cap rates, are creating opportunities for investment. "There's more money for refinancing than for new projects." Development is expected to remain healthy in 2015. "Demand is there because the market is strong and the financing sources for real estate are currently there. There is more demand than supply today." However, a handful of interviewees express greater caution. "There is a sense of urgency as people aren’t sure how long this favorable environment will last." "We see a little bit of a plateau as people are nervous about the absorption of everything that has recently been built. 250 South High is a bellwether for what’s to come." 1.00 Poor 2.00 Development Fair Good 3.00 Excellent 4.00 All industrial 5.00 4.14 3.64 4.36 4.23 Bulk/distribution space General industrial 3.50 3.86 3.54 3.62 R&D industrial 3.38 3.46 Self-storage 3.06 3.11 All office 3.72 3.47 CBD office 2.89 2.84 Suburban office 4.06 4.00 Medical office All retail Regional malls Power centers Neighborhood/community All apartments Luxury apartments 3.21 2.50 3.57 3.00 3.31 3.15 3.79 3.71 3.95 3.80 4.00 4.05 Moderate apartments 3.95 3.85 Tax credit apartments 3.89 3.60 Student housing 4.05 3.84 3 KEY ISSUES FOR 2015 As central Ohio continues to grow and develop, survey respondents rank infrastructure funding and development as Top real estate issues for Central Ohio in 2015 1.00 the top issue for 2015. With development booming in areas such as the Short North, "at what point does the current infrastructure not support further residential development?" Construction costs are also a significant concern, both currently and going forward. "We have seen a 20-30% jump in construction costs over the last several years." Labor availability, or lack thereof, is a major driver of costs. "We lost a lot of the construction workforce in the 2008-2009 decline." "The general contractors are telling you that they don't have enough good subcontractors. That has driven construction costs up." Moderate No importance 2.00 3.00 4.00 Refinancing Deleveraging Great importance 3.13 2.74 Vacancy rates 3.62 CMBS market recovery 3.23 Construction costs 3.69 Land costs Green buildings Wellness/health features in buildings Risks from extreme weather Future home prices NIMBYism Affordable/workforce housing Transportation funding Infrastructure funding/development 5.00 3.51 2.77 2.89 2.69 3.00 2.90 3.05 3.36 3.90 4 REAL ESTATE SECTORS Industrial Investment recommendation for 2015: INDUSTRIAL The majority of survey respondents gives the industrial sector a buy rating, with a strong preference for larger bulk/distribution space. "There was a shortage of supply that bigger users could move into, so there have been larger speculative projects in the Rickenbacker area." "Rickenbacker is where you see a lot of the industrial/ warehouse activity going on." 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% All industrial Sell Bulk/distribution space Hold General industrial Buy R&D industrial Self-storage General industrial space also scores highly compared to office, retail or residential. "Manufacturing is becoming more prevalent here in America as opposed to overseas. This is a consumer-driven phenomenon about speed to market." Office Investment recommendation for 2015: OFFICE The office sector contrasts strongly between urban (33 percent buy rating for CBD) and suburban (6 percent). "Office is strong in the Arena District and at Grandview Yards." "Anything urban-based will continue to be hot, whether that is office or residential." "We are seeing demand for office in more dense mixeduse environments." 0% All office 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Sell CBD office Hold Suburban office Buy Medical office In contrast, the "suburban product is a bit slow in terms of the velocity of tenants looking for space," limiting opportunites for any spec development. Even with activity in the downtown/urban office market, some interviewees are skeptical, noting a game of "musical chairs" of office space and tenants." "With Grandview Yards and Nationwide's move there, they're not making 4,000 jobs, they're moving 4,000 jobs." "The office market is tough, and net rental rates have not kept up with inflation." 5 Investment recommendation for 2015: RETAIL 0% Retail Neighborhood shopping centers continue to outpace 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% other forms of retail development. "Most of the All retail Sell projects in the last few years have been grocery- Regional malls Hold anchored centers." Power centers Buy Regional malls continue to turn toward services, Neighborhood/community such as restaurants and entertainment. "People like to go to the mall and get out of the house - the social experience." "You have to be a deliverer of experiences, not just goods. Otherwise you can be a Hospitality warehouse full of shelves." Interviewees express concern about the hotel sector. "It seems like everybody's back in the hotel game now. It will be Opportunities exist, as "the overhang has been interesting to see how long this remains strong." "There is a absorbed and retailers are looking for new space ceiling with hospitality. The question is when will we bump it." again, despite e-commerce." However, the sector is more difficult now. "The winners have great locations. Twenty to 30 years ago, you could keep a marginal location occupied with good tenants. It's a lot tougher with big boxes, Amazon." Rental housing Investment recommendation for 2015: RESIDENTAL - RENTAL 0% As survey respondents cool on rental housing 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% compared to past years, interviewee perspectives All apartments Luxury apartments Moderate apartments Tax credit apartments vary significantly. Some see continued growth, while Sell others see warning signs. For example: "the luxury Hold apartment sector in urban areas will continue for the Buy next 3-5 years" versus "the high-end new builds Student housing market is not that deep." Or: "existing student housing that we have is 100% leased" versus "a potential saturation of student housing." Generally, interviewees agree that "there is some For-sale housing Interviewees are more sanguine about this sector than in years past. "Now that the economy has stabilized, residential builders overbuilding because the money is there." "Suburban product will get hit harder than the more urban product." are starting to build again and people have buying power." Demographics will be vital in sustaining rental "Suburban sprawl is still happening. Hilliard and Dublin have housing demand. "The younger workforce has seen a lot of single-family homes permitted." become a lot more mobile, and they will go where Even with the millennials, "as time goes on and people start getting married and having kids, the single-family market will be there." On the other hand, effects of the last recession linger as some "people have reached the conclusion that homeownership can be a burden as well as an asset." they can get jobs. Therefore, they may stay a renter a little longer." "Young millennials don't want to have anything to do with the burbs." That said, apartments may "cool off unless we generate population growth." 6 Capitalization rates Capitalization rates for most sectors are considered to have remained stable over the past year. Average scores are slightly below 3.00 (rates falling slightly) in commercial sectors and above 3.00 in rental housing. "Cap rates on the coasts are so compressed right now that tertiary Midwestern markets are becoming more attractive." "Low cap rates have allowed us to make a lot of money for our investors." However, all sectors are expected to see cap rates increase somewhat in the near future, with rental housing trending faster in that direction. Cap rate trends in 2014 vs. 2015: INDUSTRIAL 2014 2015 Fall 1.00 Cap rate trends in 2014 vs. 2015: OFFICE Next three years Stable 2.00 3.00 4.00 2014 Increase Fall 5.00 1.00 2.91 3.17 3.17 All industrial 2.75 2.83 2.83 Bulk/distribution space 2015 Next three years Stable 2.00 Increase 3.00 4.00 All office 2.65 3.00 3.24 CBD office 2.94 3.00 3.24 General industrial 3.00 3.00 3.17 Suburban office 2.56 2.75 3.00 R&D industrial 2.80 3.00 3.18 Medical office 2.82 3.06 3.06 Cap rate trends in 2014 vs. 2015: RETAIL Fall 1.00 All retail Regional malls Power centers Neighborhood/community Cap rate trends in 2014 vs. 2015: RESIDENTIAL - RENTAL Stable 2.00 3.00 4.00 2.58 2.92 3.17 2.55 5.00 Increase Fall 5.00 1.00 All apartments Stable 2.00 Increase 3.00 4.00 3.19 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.31 3.44 3.00 3.25 Luxury apartments 2.67 3.00 3.25 Moderate apartments 3.19 3.19 3.19 2.73 2.82 2.83 Tax credit apartments 2.92 3.13 3.07 Student housing 5.00 3.20 3.40 3.27 7 CAPITAL MARKETS Inflation and interest rates As in previous years, survey respondents anticipate modest increases in inflation and interest rates in the near future. Interviews agree: "We all expect interest rates to rise at some point. Personal prediction is that we have until mid to late 2015 until rates start to tick up." "There will be no inflation in 2015, maybe a little in 2016. In talking to people close to the Fed, I understand that they won’t do anything in 2015, but will wait until 2016." As a result, "people are trying to get long-term debt" and lock up current low rates. Several respondents and interviewees note that low rates have been good for real estate in recent years. However, "when interest rates creep up, cap rates creep up and that will be a big concern." Expected change in inflation and interest rates in 2015 and beyond Fall Substantially Fall Moderately Remain Stable Increase Moderately Increase Substantially 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 Inflation in 2015 3.43 Inflation over the next five years 3.83 Short term interest rates in 2015 3.45 Short term interest rates over the next five years 3.95 Long term interest rates in 2015 3.52 Long term interest rates over the next five years 4.02 Commercial mortgage rates in 2015 3.74 Commercial mortgage rates over the next five years Underwriting standards 4.12 Expected change in underwriting standards in 2015 The majority of survey respondents believe that underwriting standards will remain about the 0 5 10 15 20 same in 2015. As some sectors show signs of overbuilding, "certain banks may require more equity in a deal" and that "the fundamentals will be increasingly important." More survey respondents see underwriting standards becoming less rigorous than more rigorous. "The conservative side of me worries about having too much capital and activity out Much more rigorous Somewhat more rigorous Remain the same Somewhat less rigorous there. I hope there is some discipline because I don’t want to go back to 2008 to 2011, which general underwriting core investment value-add investment opportunistic investment development and redevelopment Much less rigorous wasn’t a very fun time." 8 Capital availability As they did last year, survey respondents again expect to see both equity and debt capital more available in the upcoming yea r. "There is more money chasing good real estate deals than I've ever seen in my career. If you have a well -leased, well-located apartment building or retail, cap rates are low as I've ever seen." The previous years' gap in scores between equity and debt has shrunk, as debt appears to be coming back. "There is a lot of cash in the market as far as money that people want to lend." However, "lenders are more cautious with their sponsors and borrowers. If you have really good sponsors and locations, you can get good financing." Another interviewee advises that whil e "lenders are still looking to finance in central Ohio, around the country there are some concerns about oversupply. I think w e have to watch that here." Expected change in equity capital availability in 2015 Large decline Some decline 1.00 2.00 No change Some increase Large increase 4.00 5.00 3.00 Public companies and REITs 3.36 Private companies 3.52 Institutional investors 3.69 Private equity and opportunity/hedge funds 3.61 Private REITs 3.33 Syndicators/TICs/1031 Funds 2.96 Government enterprises 3.03 Foreign investors 3.64 Expected change in debt capital availability in 2015 Large decline Some decline No change Some increase Large increase 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 Commercial banks 3.55 Securitized lenders/CMBS 3.55 Insurance companies 3.52 Non-bank financial institutions 3.48 Mortgage REITs 3.25 Government enterprises 3.20 Mezzanine lenders 3.48 9 CENTRAL OHIO SUBMARKETS Best prospects for 2015 and beyond Prospects for Central Ohio Submarkets in 2015 (vs. past years' prospects for 2014 and 2013) Easton has overtaken New Albany as the Abysmal top area for development and investment 1.00 prospects, helped by "amenities that modern office and apartment projects need to have within walking distance." The "northern-most cut of the outerbelt" New Albany, Dublin, Polaris - takes three of the top five spots. For the most frequent mentions in interviews, the buzz is clearly in and around downtown Columbus. "From a downtown perspective, we are starting to see an unprecedented level of activity." "Absent a market downturn, the Short Poor Fair 2.00 remaining parcel in the Short North has drawn interest". At least a few interviewees note that the current success of downtown has been years in the making. "A lot of credit goes to Mayor Coleman for, ten years ago, understanding that the foundation for a renaissance downtown was housing." "We do well by embracing the mentality 5.00 4.37 4.27 New Albany 4.21 Downtown Columbus 4.00 Dublin 3.92 Polaris 3.88 UA/Grandview 3.82 Columbus -North 3.77 Powell 3.65 Westerville 3.59 Hilliard 3.44 Gahanna/ Airport 3.42 North Delaware 3.42 Worthington 3.28 Union 3.19 Grove City that downtown is 'everyone’s neighborhood.'" Excellent 4.00 Easton North and the Arena District will be unstoppable during 2015." "Every Good 3.00 3.19 Groveport/ Obetz 2.84 Fairfield 2.80 Madison 2.80 Pickaway 2.76 Licking 2.65 Reynoldsburg 2.64 Columbus -East Columbus -West Columbus -South 2.50 2.32 10 Prospects for Central Ohio Submarkets in 2014 (with change in score from 2013 prospects) North Delaware 3.42 (-0.15) Union 3.28 (+0.13) Powell 3.77 (-0.11) Dublin 4.00 (-0.28) Worthington 3.42 (-0.10) Westerville 3.65 (+0.11) New Albany 4.27 (-0.12) Cbus North 3.82 (+0.09) Easton 4.37 (+0.14) Gahanna/CMH 3.44 (-0.17) UA/Grandview 3.88 (-0.10) Hilliard 3.59 (-0.08) Licking 2.76 (-0.09) Polaris 3.92 (-0.28) Cbus West 2.50 (-0.24) Downtown 4.21 (+0.17) Cbus East 2.64 (-0.08) Cbus South 2.32 (-0.04) Madison 2.80 (+0.19) Grove City 3.19 (-0.11) Groveport/Obetz 3.19 (+0.22) Reynoldsburg 2.65 (-0.05) Fairfield 2.84 (+0.02) Pickaway 2.80 (+0.33) Prospects elsewhere in Central Ohio Beyond the top-ranked areas, the key will be a more urban form of redevelopment, including suburban downtowns "from Grove City to Gahanna to Worthington." "Our firm’s repositioning has placed an emphasis on walkable locations." Despite the market opportunity, not all communities "have the financial basis and the land to get that done" the way Dublin is currently planning with the Bridge Street corridor. "That model is going to be a lot harder for other communities." Within the city of Columbus, Franklinton is again noted for potential, now with pending redevelopment of the Veteran’s Memorial site. However, one interviewee wonders whether it is even possible to replicate the success of the Short North elsewhere in the city: "What other area is anchored by downtown on one end and the university on the other?" Meanwhile, "the east and west sides are dead, with no activity taking place. It's interesting that the casino has elected not to build the hotel they had the option to construct." 11 HOW DOES CENTRAL OHIO COMPARE? Industry areas and sectors Across real estate industries and property sectors, central Ohio ranges from "about the same" (3.00 rating) to "somewhat better" (4.00) compared to other markets around the U.S. The development industry fares best in this measure: 3.54 for commercial developers and 3.58 for multifamily developers. Among sectors, industrial is viewed as strongest relative to markets (3.67 for all industrial). This marks a shift from previous years when multifamily rental housing had the highest scores. Interviewees note that central Ohio is “steady Eddie,” "more stable and resilient than other markets." "We're competing pretty well against the North Carolinas and Texases, but there's room for improvement." Interestingly, Pittsburgh is noted in multiple interviews, "reinventing itself more rapidly than Columbus is" and in turn lowering its office vacancies. Central Ohio compared to other U.S. markets by sector Much worse Somewhat worse About the same Somewhat better Much better 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 All industrial 3.67 Bulk/distribution space 4.00 General industrial 3.33 R&D industrial 3.50 Self-storage 3.38 All office CBD office Suburban office 3.25 3.17 2.92 Medical office 3.33 All retail 3.33 Regional malls 3.11 Power centers 3.56 Neighborhood/community 3.56 All apartments Luxury apartments 3.40 3.27 Moderate apartments Tax credit apartments Student housing 3.47 3.27 3.14 12 Central Ohio compared to other U.S. markets by industry area Much worse Somewhat worse About the same Somewhat better Much better 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 REITs Real estate investment management 3.09 3.29 Private local real estate owners 3.42 Commercial bank real estate lenders 3.23 CMBS lenders/issuers 3.27 Insurance company real estate lenders Real estate brokers Architects, designers Real estate consultants Commercial developers Multifamily developers Homebuilders/residential land developers Land use and development needs 3.43 3.22 3.09 3.26 3.54 3.58 3.35 Central Ohio's biggest needs for land use and development More economic growth and better public transportation are the top priorities identified in the survey. The emphasis on economic growth follows on Low priority 1.00 how survey respondents and interviewees compare Columbus to other markets: "good, but not great." "Raleigh is exploding with growth, driven by business relocation and a favorable tax environment. Columbus is flat by comparison." Although many respondents and interviewees express concerns about public transportation, "the biggest problem with transit in Columbus is that we don't really have a [traffic] problem." Interviewees also mention other areas of infrastructure, including "better parking in core urban areas" and "regional technology upgrades for wifi and broadband." Better building and zoning regulations High priority Moderate 2.00 3.00 4.00 3.24 More economic growth 4.14 More workforce for construction and skilled trades 3.86 Better public transportation 4.14 Better parking in downtown/Short North Greater availability of sites for development 5.00 3.62 3.17 Several interviewees have pointed comments about the development approval process in central Ohio. "Getting through the permitting process is pretty tough here. We can do a better job of turning things around faster." "Columbus is one of the more difficult places to develop in the country. It takes a year or two to get your approvals in order here in Ohio and a lot can change in that amount of time." 13 BUILDING HEALTHY PLACES In connection with ULI's Building Healthy Places initiative, survey respondents and interviewees were asked about how they incorporate health and wellness features, if at all, into their real estate projects. Half the respondents note that such fea tures are key or significant components of their work. "We see ourselves not as developers, but as redevelopers. We want to get people out of their cars." Health/wellness features are "going to be a necessity in the future. You would be crazy not to do this becaus e you will be obsolete if you don’t. It’s a deciding factor in where people want to live." More barriers appear to exist in commercial real estate. "We talk about it, but haven’t seen it evolve into real space planni ng. It’s just not a high enough priority for tenants." "For the most part, the market dictates something else, at least currently." Ho wever, this situation may change with growing awareness of the connection between real estate and health. For commercial tenants, savings could be generated indirectly: "the health insurance providers are talking to companies about insurance plans and tho se that have health initiatives are being rewarded." A local government interviewee notes that "all of our incentives are tied t o companies developing health plans." Among respondents that currently do not apply health/wellness features to a significant extent, 57 percent intend to incorporate them in the future. To what extent do you take into account wellness- and health-related building or design features in your business? Not at all 7% Wellness/ health is a key component of our business 11% A little 18% Somewhat 25% Do you have plans to incorporate wellness- and health-related building or design features in your work? To a significant extent 39% No 43% Yes 57% 14 REAL ESTATE TRENDS IN CENTRAL OHIO 2015 TEAM Jung Kim * Columbus 2020 Abigail Mack * The Ohio State University Clay Daney * The Ohio State University Liesel Schmader * The Ohio State University Bradley Dobson * The Ohio State University Allison Srail* Cushman & Wakefield Michael Douglas * Glimcher Realty Trust Ryan Skubic * The Ohio State University Derek Ehlers * American Structurepoint Ryan Sullivan * Advoca Capital Jana Hrdinova Center for Real Estate Fisher College of Business Tom Vetter * Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease LLP Tim Koob * The Ohio State University Don Casto, III * Principal CASTO Jennifer Chrysler Director of Community Development City of New Albany Brian Ellis President and COO Nationwide Realty Investors Terry Foegler * Director of Strategic Initiatives/ Special Projects City of Dublin Brett Kaufman * Owner Kaufman Development Marshall Loeb President and COO Glimcher Realty Trust * ULI MEMBER Joseph Reidy * Chair Terry Feogler * Chair for Mission Advancement Jonathan Barnes * Governance Committee Chair Michael Martin * Treasurer Cheryl Pentella * Communications Chair Jung Kim * Programs Cochair J. Jeffery McNealey * Programs Cochair INTERVIEWEES Tom Caldwell Executive Vice President of Finance and Development Continental Real Estate Companies MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Keith Myers * Associate Vice President of Physical Planning and Real Estate at The Ohio State University John Royer * President Kohr Royer Griffith Jim Schimmer * Director Franklin County Economic Development and Planning Justin Metzler * Membership Cochair Kyle Rooney * Sponsorship Chair Allison Srail * Young Leaders Group Chair Jennifer Knittle * Membership Cochair Michael Simpson * President NAI Ohio Equities Yaromir Steiner * Founder and CEO Steiner + Associates ULI LEADERSHIP Steven R. Schoeny * Director Department of Development, City of Columbus ULI DISTRICT COUNCIL LEADERSHIP Bob White Jr. President Daimler Nelson Yoder Principal Crawford Hoying Development Peter Rummel Chairman Eric Swanson Chair District Councils Patrick L. Phillips Chief Executive Officer Marilee Utter Executive Vice President District Councils ULI COLUMBUS PROJECT STAFF Alicia Gaston District Council Coordinator SPECIAL THANKS TO: Jung Kim, Jana Hrdinova, and Bradley Dobson of The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, for their advisory and technical roles throughout the project. All the online survey respondents and individual interviewees. Members of the ULI Columbus Young Leaders Group who conducted the interviews. Urban Land Institute 1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW Suite 500 West Washington, DC 20007-5201 www.uli.org ULI Columbus 1196 Hope Avenue Columbus, OH 43212 http://columbus.uli.org