The Economic Importance
of Food and Fiber
A Spotlight on Hall County, Georgia
Prepared for:
Hall County Extension Service
Prepared and Presented by:
Dr. John C. McKissick, Coordinator
The Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
The University of Georgia
Population Change: 1990-2000
LOSS
0 - 13.2%
13.2 - 26.4%
26.4 – 52.8%
52.8 - 123.2%
GA = 26.4%
US = 13.2%
Hall Co.
45.9%
Primary data source: U.S. Census Bureau
Total Population
Hall County
189,691
165,232
145,664
139,277
2010 Proj.
2005 Proj.
2001 Est.
2000
95,428
75,649
59,405
49,739
40,113
34,822
30,313
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1940
1930
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
Primary data sources: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial censuses and annual estimate
GA Dept. of Labor, projections
200,000
% of Land in Cropland, Pastureland & Forestland
22.8 – 74.4%
74.4 – 83.2%
83.2 – 88.1%
88.1 – 92.6%
92.6 – 99.6%
GA Total = 83.3%
GA Avg. Co. = 82.5%
60%
Primary data sources:
U.S. Census of Agriculture, 2002
Forest Statistics for Georgia, 1997
Components of 2001 Property Tax Digest
Hall County
Timber *
0.0%
Mobile Home
0.8%
Motor Vehicle
9.7%
Residential
50.5%
Pub Utility
2.1%
Industrial
14.1%
Commercial
17.8%
Ag/Pref/Envir
5.0%
40% Assessment Value
Gross Digest = $3,966,744,190
Homestead & Property Exemptions = $243,603,601
Net M&O Digest = $3,723,170,589
Primary data source:
GA Dept. of Revenue
Value of Exempt Property = $280,599,184
* Timber taxed at 100% based on previous year sales
County Property Tax Digest Comparisons: 2001
County
% Residential
% Agricultural
% Commercial
% Industrial
% Motor
Vehicle
%
Other
BANKS
31.8
32.8
15.2
6.6
8.6
5.1
BARROW
44.6
17.4
14.2
9.9
10.0
3.8
DAWSON
51.3
18.4
16.1
0.3
11.4
2.4
FORSYTH
62.2
3.1
12.5
11.9
8.6
1.7
GWINNETT
48.3
0.8
30.6
10.2
8.4
1.6
HABERSHAM
49.8
14.3
13.4
6.9
9.4
6.1
HALL
50.5
5.0
17.8
14.1
9.7
2.9
JACKSON
36.7
20.1
8.6
19.0
7.8
7.9
LUMPKIN
34.3
31.7
13.6
5.0
9.7
5.7
WHITE
49.4
23.8
12.7
0.8
9.1
4.3
Avg. GA Co.
47.0
5.9
24.4
8.7
8.7
5.4
Primary data source: GA Dept. of Revenue
Expenditures per $1 in Revenue by Land Use
(including schools)
$2.50
$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
Appling
Cherokee
Dooly
Jones
Residential
2.26
1.6
2.07
1.24
Comm/Ind
0.17
0.12
0.5
0.65
Farm/Forest
0.36
0.2
0.27
0.35
Dorfman et al., Department of Ag & Applied Economics, January 2002.
Agriculture in Georgia - 2003
¾ Georgia's value of agricultural
production, comprised of Farm Gate
value plus ag/landscape services,
accounted for $11.2 billion.
¾ Food and fiber production and directly
related businesses accounted for
$29.5 billion of Georgia's $544 billion
economy.
¾ Food/fiber production, processing and
food marketing accounts for 16% of
GA output, 15% of employment and
12% of value added.
Total Farm Gate Value: 2003
$9.859 billion
2002 = $8.826 billion
Broilers
33.9%
Cotton
8.2%
Rest of
Commodities
29.5%
Timber
5.6%
Container
Nursery
1.7% Dairy
2.4%
$0 - $20,000,000
$20,000,000 - $45,000,000
$45,000,000 - $80,000,000
$80,000,000 - $125,000,000
$125,000,000 - $271,000,000
Beef
3.7%
Greenhouse
2.6%
Peanuts
3.7%
Eggs
4.9%
Horses
3.8%
What We Know
about Hall County
¾ Agricultural production in Hall
County generated $241.1
million in 2001.
¾ The highest value commodity
is poultry & eggs, accounting
for 93.1% of the total farm
gate value.
Hall County
2001 Farm Gate
2001 Top Ten Commodities
Hall County 2001
2001 Farm Gate Value
Hall County
Livestock
5.1%
LayersHatch Egg
2.4%
Other
1.8%
Dairy
1.7%
LayersTable Egg
6.6%
PoultryEggs
93.1%
Breeder
Pullet Unit
7.0%
HorsesBBT
1.1% Beef
Beef Cows
Stockers Hay
1.5%
0.5%
0.5%
Others
1.5%
BroilerGrower
9.1%
Total AG Value = $241,106,762
BroilerIntegrator
67.9%
Trends in Hall County:
Number of Farms and Farm Size
Number of Farms, Hall County
Average Farm Size
300
2500
250
2000
200
A cres
3000
1500
150
1000
100
500
50
0
0
1945 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997
Source: 1945
-
Hall Co.
Georgia
1997 (quinquennial) Censuses of Agriculture
1945 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997
Trends in Hall County:
Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland
& Farms by Size
Land in Farms & Harvested Cropland
Hall County
Land in Farms
50
Hall Co.
Georgia
Harvested Cropland
40
200
30
150
97
1-9 acres
19
92
87
19
82
19
19
78
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Source: 1945
-
74
0
69
0
64
10
59
50
54
20
50
100
45
A cres X 1,000
250
Percent of Farms by Size, 1997
1997 (quinquennial) Censuses of Agriculture
10-49
acres
50-179
acres
180-499
acres
500-999
acres
1000+
acres
Trends in Hall County:
Commodities
Number of Farms by Commodity
600
1987
1992
1997
500
400
300
200
100
0
Beef Cows
Source: 1987
-
Milk Cows
Cattle & Calves
Sold
Layers &
Pullets
1997 (quinquennial) Censuses of Agriculture
Broilers &
Other
Hay
How Do We Compare ?
Georgia, Hall and Surrounding Counties
Farm Gate Value
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$6,805
$4,000
$4,347
$3,000
$3,711
$2,964
$2,637
$2,472
$2,139
$2,000
$817
$1,000
$216
$333
$284
$152
$315
$275
$395
$523
$0
rgi
o
Ge
a
ll
Ha
cks
a
J
on
F
th
y
s
or
pk
m
Lu
in
$ Per Farm (thousands)
ite
h
W
s
am
nk
h
a
s
B
r
be
a
H
$ Per Acre
Sources: 1997 Census of Agriculture and 2001 Farm Gate Value Report
What We Did
¾ The Center for Agribusiness
and Economic Development
performed an analysis of each
county’s economy, focusing
on the role of
food and fiber.
What We Asked
County Economy Modeled
¾ How much of a county’s total current
economic output comes from food and
fiber production and directly related
processing? (A Snapshot of the
Economy)
¾ What is the total (direct and indirect)
Impact of food and fiber production and
directly related industries?
Hall County Economy
Production Agriculture-OUTPUT
Output in $ Millions
Percent
241.107
3.1
1.18
0.0
655.963
8.4
3,349.255
42.7
Trans/Public Util
320.880
4.1
Trade
944.987
12.1
Fin/Ins/Real Est
879.364
11.2
1,088.051
13.9
356.425
4.5
Other
4.432
0.1
Total
7,841.644
--
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Services
Government
Hall County Economy
Production Agriculture + Directly-related Businesses
Output in $ Millions
Percent
1,336.716
17.0
1.18
0.0
655.963
8.4
2,253.646
28.7
Trans/Public Util
320.88
4.1
Trade
944.987
12.1
Finance/Ins/RE
879.364
11.2
1,088.051
13.9
356.425
4.5
Other
4.432
0.1
Total
7,841.644
--
Agriculture + Direct
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Services
Government
An Economic Snapshot
of Hall County
¾ How much of Hall County’s total current
economic output comes from food and fiber
production?
¾ AG value alone of $241.1 million consisting
of Farm Gate Value and landscaping
services comprises 3.1% of the county’s
economy.
¾ AG plus directly related businesses (ex.
poultry processing, sausage mfg., etc.)
comprise 17% of the county’s economy.
Food and Fiber Production, Processing and Direct
Manufacturing as % of Total Output
0 - 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 40%
40 - 60%
60 - 84%
Hall Co.
17.0%
What is the Impact?
¾What is the total (direct and indirect)
impact of food and fiber production and
directly related industries?
¾This scenario illustrates how other
industries are affected by the presence
of food and fiber in the county. The
indirect impacts measure output created
due to food and fiber production and
processing in the county.
What Impact Means:
A Brief Explanation
¾ The impact numbers capture the
ripple effects that food and fiber
create in the county’s economy.
Many other sectors rely in part on the
existence of food and fiber for sales.
Labor
Seed
Utilities
Hall County
Production Agriculture IMPACT
Direct $ (millions)
Indirect $ (millions)
241.1
5.234
Mining
0
.0002
Construction
0
4.870
Manufacturing
0
18.338
Utilities
0
11.162
Trade
0
19.409
Fin/Ins/Real Est
0
14.880
Services
0
14.132
Government
0
1.389
Other
0
.110
Agriculture
Total
$330.6 million -- 4.2% of Total Economy
Hall County
Agriculture and Directly Related Businesses IMPACT
Direct $ (millions)
Indirect $ (millions)
1,336.716
168.983
Mining
0
.0007
Construction
0
21.742
Manufacturing
0
218.528
Utilities
0
59.101
Trade
0
130.850
Fin/Ins/Real Est
0
93.270
Services
0
100.441
Government
0
8.210
Other
0
.685
Agriculture + Direct
Total
$2.139 billion – 27.3% of Total Economy
Food and Fiber Production, Processing and Direct
Manufacturing Impact as % of Total Output
0 - 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 40%
40 - 60%
60 - 100%
Hall Co.
27.3%
Hall County
Production Agriculture + Directly Related Industries
Employment IMPACT
Direct
Indirect
9,144
1,221
Mining
0
0
Construction
0
290
Manufacturing
0
1,219
Utilities
0
442
Trade
0
1,911
Fin/Ins/Real Est
0
471
Services
0
1,815
Government
0
56
Other
0
74
Agriculture + Direct
Total
16,643
What These Numbers Mean:
A Brief Explanation
¾ Direct impact is $1.3 billion. This
includes food and fiber production,
processing and directly-related
manufacturing.
¾ Indirect impact from the Trade sector is
$130.9 million. This captures the effects
of farmers (direct source) buying
supplies (seed, fertilizer, work boots)
from local stores. These stores must
increase their output to meet farmer
demand.
What These Numbers Mean:
A Brief Explanation (continued)
¾ As local stores increase their output, they
may demand more stock from local
wholesalers (also in the Trade sector).
Local wholesalers demand more from
local manufacturers, thus increasing
activity in the Manufacturing sector.
¾ Local stores also hire employees to assist
farmers. They take home wages and buy
groceries at the local store which
increases demand there.
Hall County Food and Fiber
Impact Conclusions
¾ The total impact of food and fiber
production, processing and direct
manufacturing is $2.1 billion.
¾ The total output is $7.8 billion.
¾ Thus, food and fiber (directly and
indirectly) accounts for 27.3% of the
total output.
Contact Information
Prepared by:
Dr. John C. McKissick, Center Coordinator
and
Sue Boatright, Research Coordinator
The Center for Agribusiness & Economic Development
“Adding Value to Georgia's Agricultural Economy
Through Research and Extension“
To learn more about your county, go to:
http://www.caed.uga.edu
...click on “Georgia Statistics System”
Special County Area Report
2004