TheRoleofProsumersinEnergy
Coopera6ves
Prof.dr.F.N.Stokman
ProfessorofSociology
UniversityofGroningen
WorkshopTheNewRolesoftheConsumers
intheEnergyMarket
KNAWandTilburgLawandEconomicsCenter
February23,2016
Keyworld-wideobjec6ves
•  Stabiliza6onoftheworldpopula6on
•  Realiza6onofworld-widewelfareby
sustainableenergy
•  Preserva6onofhighlyvaluedraw
materials
TheNewEconomy"
3DPrin6ng:De-globalizasionof
Produc6onProcesses
http://www.3dprimeur.nl/3d-toepassingen/maakindustrie/vandaag-printen-we-een-brug/
FromaLineartoaCircularEconomy
A circular economy
is an economy in
which we keep
resources in use for
as long as possible,
extract the maximum
value from them
whilst in use, then
recover and
regenerate products
and materials at the
end of each service
life (www.wrap.org.uk)
Electricandself-propelledcarriage
http://www.autobuzz.be/nl/
http://
elektrischvervoernederland.nl mercedes-toont-zelfrijdendeauto-van-de-toekomst/
EconomicandPoli6calEffects
•  De-globaliza+onofproduc+onprocesses
•  Newbusinessopportuni+esandhigher
a9rac+venessofcountrysideswhenci+esare
withinreasonablevicinity
•  Shi=ingins+tu+onalarrangementstoregional
andlocalauthori+es
.
SocialEffects:JointProduc6onMo6va6on
Jointproduc,onmo,va,onresultsfromproduc6veac6vi6es,
wherepar+cipantsperceivethecreatedjointvalueastheir
own(LindenbergandFoss2011)
Effects:
–  Percep6onofmutualinterestsdominatesoverconflic6ngones
–  Mutualdependenciesdominateoverone-sidedones
–  Thenorma6veframewilllikelybeac6vatedandmaintained,
domina6ngthehedonicandgainframes
Precondi6onsforsuccess
•  Ambi6ous,butrealis6cgoal
•  Ins6tu6onalembedding
•  Facilita6ngpoli6calarrangements
GoalFounda6on‘SamenEnergie
Neutraal’:Within10yearsenergyneutralvillageorneighborhood
Used Energy
=
Generated Energy
At the community level
ExamplesofPar6cipa6oninrepresenta6ve
villagesandneighborhoods
Noorderplantso
en
Owned
Rented
Stedum
Total
430
Owned
Rented
Wirdum
Total
245
numberofpostboxes(housesandcompanies)
Total
1900
Absolutenumberofrespons
Asfrac+onofpostboxes
426
22%
%interestedtojoin
%maybe
%notinterested
67%
27%
6%
71%
25%
4%
55%
32%
13%
63%
31%
6%
64%
30%
6%
60%
33%
7%
70%
27%
3%
71%
26%
4%
63%
38%
0%
%Intendtoinvesttogetherwithneighbors
%idemmaybe
%idemno
25%
62%
13%
28%
64%
9%
16%
55%
29%
21%
64%
15%
23%
64%
14%
7%
71%
21%
27%
65%
8%
29%
64%
7%
13%
75%
13%
%Intendtoinvestfinanciallywithneighbors
%idemmaybe
%idemno
13%
55%
32%
14%
62%
24%
8%
33%
59%
13%
53%
34%
16%
55%
29%
0%
40%
60%
6%
68%
25%
7%
69%
24%
0%
63%
38%
122
28%
Owned
Rented
64
26%
FivePrinciplesofFounda6on
‘SamenEnergieNeutraal’(SEN)
•  Inhabitantsleadtheprocess,supportedbySEN
•
•
•
•
Saveenergysimultaneouslywithincreasingliving
comfortatequalorlowerhousingcosts
Combineenergysavingwithenergyproduc6on,
individuallyandcollec6vely
Engagelocalentrepreneurs
Empowerthelocalcommunitybyproviding
financialmeanstolocalcoopera6vesthroughthe
jointlyownedenergycompanyNLD-Energy
Institutional embedding:
Energy Cooperatives as Vehicles"
•
Energy Cooperatives without profit objectives"
•
Aim to enable citizen and companies to become producers of sustainable
energy"
•
Supply energy aiming to reinvest profits in sustainable energy production and
storage"
•
Promote a positive social economic living and working environment!
"
•
Financially empower local communities"
EnergyCoopera6vesintheThreeNorthern
Provinces
http://www.noordelijklokaalduurzaam.nl
Effectsforvillage/neighborhood,shrinkage
area,andregion
•  Foravillageof1000households:
Incaseofameaninvestmentof30.000europer
house:30MillionEuro
•  ForashrinkageareaintheProvinceof
Drenthewith211.500housesin2014:
6.3BillionEuro
•  ForthethreeProvincesintheNorth:
Morethan20BillionEuro
Synergycity-countryside
•  Cheaperhouses;no/lesstransportcostsandmoreliving
spaceatthecountryside
•  Moreandalargervarietyofsustainableproduc6on
possibili6es,bothinthenearbycityandatthecountry
side
•  Ahrac6veregionforyoungpersons,educatedinan
integratedappliedprogramoverdisciplinesatdifferent
levels
•  Sufficientemploymentpossibili6esforindigenous
personsandimmigrants
Wind:Whodecides?
Bohomup(EAZwind)Topdown
Sun:
Localembeddingandlocaldecision-making
Policiesandlegisla6on
•  Na6onally:
–  Long-termguaranteedpurchaseandpricesfor
sustainableenergy(compareGermanyandThe
Netherlands)
–  Facilitatefinancinginvestmentsinenergysaving
andsustainabledecentralizedenergyproduc6on
•  Locally:
–  S6mulatelocalini6a6vesandbohom-up
processeswithinambi6ousmunicipalprograms
Inthiswaywerealizesustainability
inallthreedomains!
Collabora6onreducescomplexityandrisks
… and contributes to realizing sustainability
and reverses shrinkage into a healthy and pleasant living /
working environment
Source: Fotalia.de"
Statements
Statement1
Householdenergysavingprogramsaredeemedtofailunless
theyareembeddedinabohom-uplocalcommunityproject
Statement2
Energyneutralityshouldnotbeaimedatthehouseholdor
companylevel,butatthecommunitylevelofneighbourhoods
andbusinessparkstoexploitsynergyeffectsand
complementaryproduc6onanduseofenergy
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