Eukaryotic Cell Structures
& Functions
An Organelle Is:
A minute
structure within
a plant or
animal cell that
has a particular
job or function.
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What are some functions
that occur within a cell?
Digestion
Excretion
Transportation of cell’s products
Storage
Protection
Division
Mobility
Respiration or Photosynthesis
Organelles found only in Plants:
Cell Walls
Cellulose
Chloroplasts
2
Plant Cell
• Cellulose =
carbohydrate found in
cell walls
• Cell Wall= forms rigid
outer structure, made of
cellulose (fiber)
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole
PLANT CELL
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Found in both
Plant and Animal Cells
Organelles that surround cells for support:
Cell Membrane= Semi-permeable,
controls what enters and leaves the
cell, outer containment envelope.
Cytoskeleton =
gives structure to a cell (#14)
4
Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
ANIMAL
PLANT
Control center for
plant and animal cells:
This organelle
controls cell
activities and
reproduction
5
Nucleus
Nucleolus=
“little nucleus”
Animal Cell
Control center for
plant and animal cells:
Nucleus = control center for activities
& reproduction, DNA & chromosomes
housed here.
Nucleolus = contains and makes RNA
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Control center for
plant and animal cells:
Chromosome =
coiled DNA:
contains instructions for characteristics of an
organism.
Chromatin = protein composing chromosomes
Red Blood Cells have no:
nucleus
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Control center for
plant and animal cells:
Nuclear membrane =
protects and controls
what goes in and out
of the nucleus
(notice the nuclear pores
in this picture of a nucleus)
Ribosomes= Site of Protein
Synthesis on the E.R.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
ROUND
Ribosomes
8
Cytoplasm:or cytosol, = gel
surrounds the organelles,
contains enzymes
ER = Endoplasmic Reticulum:
specializes in the production & transport
of lipids and membrane proteins
Rough ER has ribosomes
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes
Ribosomes:
Where
proteins are
manufactured.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
“Rough”
with Ribosomes
for protein synthesis
“Smooth” =
Membrane “highway”
For transport of materials
Golgi Bodies
(aka Golgi
Apparatus):
where cell
products are
modified and
packaged in
vesicles for
export from the
cell.
“Sacks” for making
& storing Secretions
10
Vacuole =
storage for food and water
Why are plant vacuoles larger than animal vacuoles?
Plant Vacuole
Some Animal cell vacuoles pump water
out by contracting:
Do you see 2 Contractile vacuoles
in this Paramecium?
11
Lysosome:
Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down large molecules
Chloroplast= absorbs light,
changes light energy into chemical
energy for photosynthesis =
GREEN Sacks
12
The power house of the cell:
Mitochondria = site where
energy is released from
glucose in the form of:
ATP
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