Department Newsletter
department of
Philosophy & World Religions
In the last issue of the Newsletter, Jerry Soneson
cally, he noted that the freedom to undertake initiatives can
affect others so that their freedom is curtailed. One purpose of
the law is to provide justice or equity to those affected by others’ assertions of freedom. I agree that the balance between
freedom and equality is essential for a good life not diminished
by others. I propose to examine the balance of freedom and
equality here by examining the two major forms freedom takes
in our society: political and economic.
Political freedom in the American tradition begins with
the power generated by citizens expressing themselves so as
act with them for some
common good. Acting
so as to establish justice has been among
the
most
notable
achievements of public speech and action.
Our history tells of
many persistent critics
speaking tirelessly to
hostile audiences; writWilliam Cloehsy
ing letters, articles, and
Professor of Philosophy
books; marching past
angry crowds; picketing before factories, city halls, schools,
and stores until eventually their fellow citizens realize that
these pests are prophets and their demands a call for justice.
These actions have realized justice for many—slaves, workers,
women, blacks, gays—who had been treated as less than equal.
These movements have been high points in our history when
we have realized our freedom in the effort of bringing justice as
equality to others long denied it.
These periods remind us that the freedom of some has
been held in opposition to the freedom of others, an injustice
toward them, a refusal to acknowledge fellow citizens and human beings. These were, in fact, failures of freedom for all in
that those unjustly denying freedom to others made their own
freedom a form of oppression. Freedom for some is a failure of
freedom for all. These failures reoccur because the composition of our citizenry changes. America is an unusual state in
that we promise to receive the oppressed, the impoverished,
and the ambitious from around the world and to allow them to
make a life among us. Nevertheless, it takes time and empathy
1
Spring 2012
for us to accept the stranger. We must repeatedly rethink who
we are so as to include the stranger as a fellow citizen welcome
to join in our discourse on matters of pubic concern and to
The market offers us another kind of freedom: the use
of our talents to provide a living, sometimes lavishly. The modern market enables people to engage their ingenuity, skill, and
effort to provide a good life for themselves and multiply both
the kinds of goods and services available and their number so
as to improve the lives of all. The market is not dependent
provide for ourselves. The self-interest of those with whom
Some even argue the market should be the basis of all we do to
provide the necessities of life for one another. Other methods,
lead to dependency rather than independence. The market’s
power to unleash freedom as creativity and initiative is beyond
question. Nonetheless, allegiance to the market as the most
people in productive efforts is excessive. There are many problems created by the market that require solutions that the market cannot itself provide. Markets do some things well, such as
shifting production toward needed products. Markets do other
things badly such as preventing pollution. Often the best solution to problems is governmental regulation. Despite dreams
of an unfettered market, markets work best within the compass of government and other social institutions that address
market failures and provide supports such as infrastructure.
Markets tend to cluster wealth toward the top, impoverishing
an ever larger portion of society unless some redistribution is
mandated as a form of justice. Programs securing less disparity in result and greater equality of opportunity not only improve the majority’s prospects, they improve market functions
by increasing customers and decreasing the fear and reality of
poverty. Finally, there are goods, actions, and practices that
of persons, the beauty of art, learning for its own sake, community and political action—including our obligation to provide
their world strictly in market terms, they ignore, deny, and
then forget the freedom to pursue those goods that will not be
found there.
By William Cloehsy
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3
Fa c u lt y S p ot l ig h t
!"#$"#%&
on two women philosophers. She believes that this
would not have been possible had her advisor not
been a woman.
While in college, Holland learned the importance of
tor now, as she works to “teach students critical
Holland’s specialty within the department of Philosophy and World Religions is ethical theory. Some of
her favorite courses to teach include moral philosophy, history of ancient philosophy, and philosophy
of art. She enjoys teaching these classes because
she likes “introducing students to how philosophy
began, as well as talking about what’s unique to
Margaret Holland’s favorite part of the University of
philosophy.”
Northern Iowa is getting to know the students she
teaches. Holland, who has been teaching at the UNI
Philosophy is a crucial subject of study in order
since1991, enjoys “the enthusiasm the philosophy
to be an informed citizen, in Holland’s view. The
students have for the philosophy major.” Getting to
subject is important for students because “it helps
share her knowledge with students who are truly passionate and interested in learning make’s Holland’s job
pleasant.
them to become more skillful thinkers and prepares
them to question conventional beliefs. If they’re
able to think more clearly, they won’t be so easily
Prior to coming to UNI, Holland spent most of her time
on the east coast of the country. She received her
persuaded to believe things they should question.”
losophy assists students after graduation because it
B.A. in English from Boston College, where she got a
helps them learn how to think more clearly and ex-
solid liberal arts education. After this, she stayed at
press themselves both in writing and verbally. This
Boston College and obtained her M.A. in Philosophy.
cause of its focus on the history of philosophy. After
completing her M.A., the State University of New York
in Buffalo was her next destination. There, Holland
allows them to become more independent thinkers
and competent human beings.
Over the years, the most evident change Holland
has seen in the students is that there are more of
completed her PhD in Philosophy. Her experience at
this school was largely enriched due to the number of
women on the faculty in the philosophy department.
At this point in time, 20% or fewer of the philosophy
professors in the country were women, so this was
cantly since she has been on the faculty at UNI. Her
teaching has also changed slightly over the years.
She has slowed down quite a bit because she “recognized the need to explain basics more clearly.”
land in particular because she wrote her dissertation
4
Students all come in with different background
professor of Philosophy
levels, and Holland now caters to that, making sure
all students understand the foundations before going
into more complex topics.
Reading is a vital part of becoming an educated citizen that is often neglected, in Holland’s perspective.
Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
are two philosophy books that Holland would recomand sets the foundation for later exploration of the
discipline. The second “talks about the difference between having a good character and a good life.” Holland also enjoys reading novels, and would advise all
students to read as much as they can. She believes
that the problems that she sees in regards to the
writing quality of students could be improved if the
students spent more time reading. One novel that
Holland recommends is Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth
Strout.
In addition to teaching, Holland is also involved in
University Press is the “top press in the English-speaking world.” Other contributors to this book were from
Harvard, Brown, Oxford, and the University of Chicago,
so Holland is proud to be included in a culmination of
such well-regarded professionals in philosophy. Holland
has also published a chapter on the value of moral perception in a book on inherent and instrumental value
that will come out soon.
In her free time, Holland does yoga for relaxation, and
is also an enthusiastic traveller. The places she has
Prague. Seeing other cultures has shown Holland the
importance of realizing that “other people have different ways of life, and the atmosphere of the place
where you live isn’t the only possibility.” She encourages students to take advantage of study abroad, and
travel outside of Iowa as much as possible to get a
more global perspective.
research and publication. She recently contributed
a chapter entitled ‘Social Convention
and Neurosis as Obstacles to Moral
Freedom” to Iris Murdoch: Philosopher,
published in January 2012 by Oxford
University Press. Holland is particularly
pleased by this work because Oxford
5
Fa c u lt y S p ot l ig h t
())"*+
'
Fa c u lt y S p ot l ig h t
,%&&attended the Divinity School at Varnderbilt University in Nashville, where she got a Masters of Divinity
degree. Remaining at Vanderbilt University, DeBerg
also completed a Master of Arts and a PhD in Religion
from the graduate school. DeBerg worked at Vanderbilt’s Divinity School for seven years as Associate
Director of Development, and then as Director of Admissions and Financial Aid while getting her PhD. Her
time at Vanderbit was enjoyable, as she got to live
in a different part of the country, while simultaneUpon graduation in 1988, she became an Assistant
Professor of Theology at Valparaiso University. While
in Theology at Valparaiso.
partment head. This meant that she only taught one
course per semester for about ten years. In the last
Throughout life, we often interact with people of
two years, however, she has gone back to teaching
other religions without understanding their customs and way of life. Betty DeBerg is setting out to
full-time. She is happy to have more opportunities
change this. DeBerg, who has been at the University
to teach, and feels that her teaching has improved
that theory for theory’s sake is not as important…
scholar now…I think I’m much better at really boiling
as practical knowledge.” This translates into how
greatly from when she began. She says, “As a senior
things down to what I think are most essential, and
making those clear and concise.”
she runs her Religions of the World classes, which
she says is currently her favorite to teach. In this
class, students use the textbook How to Be a Perfect
Stranger, which informs them how to behave in situa-
teaches are really interested in the academic study
tions of other religions.
of religion, even if it is not necessary for their major.
Before coming to UNI, DeBerg received a BA in Eng-
she loves sharing what she thinks is important with
This makes teaching much more enjoyable for her, as
lish, and in Speech Communication & Theatre Arts
from Concordia College (Moorhead, MN). She then
6
these students.
professor of Religion
teaching is the “guarantees provided U.S. citizens in
The power of educating society on religion is some-
the religion clauses of the First Amendment.” The
thing about which DeBerg feels strongly. “I believe
fact that we, as United States citizens, have a right
that by raising standards of religious literacy, and
to freedom of religion makes DeBerg proud to be an
perhaps reducing fear and suspicion of other people’s
American. She enjoys teaching this to students so
religions, I am making our society better,” she says.
that they realize the freedoms they have been given.
Her specialty within the department is religion in the
U.S., so this topic is something on which she is an
expert.
In addition, DeBerg is fascinated by the historical
career of Protestant fundamentalism, which she
considers to be one of the most successful religious
movements in American history. Her research in
on a half-completed book about women’s activities
in Protestant congregations that broke away from
mainstream denominations to become aligned with
fundamentalist groups.
“Be brave and
adventurous”
In her free time, DeBerg likes reading, especially mysteries and science books for non-specialists. She also
enjoys hiking, kayaking, canoeing, walking her dog,
traveling, knitting and sewing. In addition, having dinner parties and laughing with her friends and sisters
are things she loves to do.
major in the study of religion. These include tolerance, critical thinking, reading, and writing skills.
DeBerg says, “I think that students will be better employees and citizens if they have broader and deeper
cross-cultural knowledge, and attitudes of curiosity
about and tolerance for diverse religious beliefs and
practices.”
7
Fa c u lt y S p ot l ig h t
%,%#$
.
D e pa rt m e n t Up d at e s
/01%#")23#&42!"5(#423#%26%#-2'0#"1)%
!"#$%&'%&()#*+,,%-.#%-.#$%&)/(#0(/-(1(
majors are No. 24 on the LSAT.
Philosophy majors outperform business majors by a
In his March 25 column, Courier Business Editor Jim
margin of 15 percent on the GMAT.
Offner acknowledges traditional goals of a “well-
Philosophy majors, on average, do better than all other
grounded college education:” to expose students to
majors on the GRE, LSAT, GMAT, and MCAT.
great thinkers and to develop skills needed to answer
perennial questions about human life. Nevertheless,
Offner claims that employers’ demand for “highly specialized workers” makes the liberal arts degree impractical in today’s business environment. Students should
pursue degrees in business management rather than in
areas such as philosophy or German.
Moreover, a philosophy degree maintains its value over
time. The president of Babson College (a business
school in Massachusetts), has argued that, due to the
pace of change, business skills acquired in the classskills learned in liberal arts disciplines such as history
and philosophy are long lasting and indispensable to
Unconvinced by Offner, we believe that higher edu-
business. Empirical data from PayScale’s annual survey
cation’s purpose is to further the development of
persons by enhancing understanding of human intellectual and cultural accomplishments and by developing
skills in the areas of critical thinking and writing. There
is a profound difference, even an ethical difference,
between viewing persons as recipients of education
of starting and mid-career salaries of college graduates
by major underscore his point. At mid-career, philosophy majors have higher annual salaries than business
management majors.
According to a recent article on the humanities pub-
and as the subjects of training. As Martha Nussbaum
lished by the University of Colorado, liberal arts graduates are preferred by major companies. Marissa Mayer,
Humanities,” the value of the humanities and arts to
a vice president at Google who studied philosophy and
psychology at Stanford, reports that, of the 6,000
“they make a world that is worth living in, people
people Google hires each year, around 4,500 of them
who are able to see other human beings as people
are liberal arts or humanities majors. Edward Rust, CEO
with thoughts and feelings of their own that deserve
of State Farm Insurance, shares Ms. Mayer’s preference
respect and empathy.”
for liberal arts majors. Rather than ask prospective ap-
Liberal arts majors in foreign languages and the study
of religion well illustrate Nussbaum’s point: These majors build intercultural competence that is formative of
individuals and is the necessary foundation of a robust
democracy and strong economy. For example, in the
process, he hones in on their skills in critical thinking
and oral and written communication.
Why do employers prefer to hire students with liberal
arts majors? In a national research study of 2,300 col-
absence of knowledge of the world religions and cultures, which furthers understanding and empathy while
supporting cross-cultural communication, individuals
lege students, summarized in the groundbreaking book
Academically Adrift, students majoring in business,
education, social work and communications show the
risk jeopardizing economic and political partnerships
smallest gains over four years in critical thinking and
that depend on cultural awareness and sensitivity.
analytic reasoning. The big winners in college are liberal
-
tion, we claim also that liberal arts majors are at a
distinct advantage in today’s workplace. The philosophy major aptly illustrates our case. Scores on tests
higher gains in critical thinking, complex reasoning, and
writing skills.”
Yes, our views on higher education are traditional; however; they also are founded on empirical research. On
required for admission to the advanced study of law,
both counts, we demonstrate that now, as in the past,
management, medicine, and other graduate studies
the liberal arts have an essential role to play in Ameri-
show:
can higher education.
Philosophy majors are No. 1 on the LSAT; business
8
!"##$
He will also lead a Pre-Conference Workshop on “The ABC’s
of Effective Alliance Work: How and Why Allies Build Connections.” He is part of UNI’s Campus Coalition Builders, in
which along with other UNI faculty, staff and administrators he
from the National Coalition Building Institute. The team is now
offering an extensive series of “Welcoming Diversity” workshops to the UNI community.
Lectures Presented By
%#&'
This summer he will again offer his popular Capstone
course “Money, Sex and Power: Theories of Race,
Class and Gender” and he hopes to participate in
a Summer Research Workshop for Scholars at the
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC to pursue research on gender and the
Holocaust, furthering his work in conjunction with
UNI’s recently established Center for Holocaust and
Genocide Education.
He continues to receive word that his DVD Asking
For It: The Ethics and Erotics of Sexual Consent is
being used as part of campus gender violence prevention programs across the nation, including at all
three Iowa Regents universities supported by UNI’s
recently established Center for Violence Prevention,
which establishes UNI as Iowa’s Flagship Institution
for this initiative, funded by major US Department of
Justice grants. Brod’s work and insights on diversity
were featured in the Winter 2011 issue of University of Northern Iowa Today, UNI’s Alumni magazine.
Dr. Douglas Hofstadter
During the second week of March,
Professor Doug Hofstadter visited
the University of Northern Iowa
to give two lectures. On March 6,
he presented on Godel’s Theorem,
which focused on mathematical
understandings. Then, on March 7,
he took a philosophical approach to
present on the Turing Centennial.
A large number of people were in
attendance for the lectures. Audiences included students, professors,
and community members. Freshman Kara Poppe was one student
who attended the lecture. “Prior to
Dr. Hofstadter’s lecture, I had very
little prior knowledge on the topics
discussed,” she says. Yet, she found
the presentation very informative.
One of the points discussed during
the lecture was machines. Hofstadter divided machines into two
categories. Dedicated machines are
specialized and only do one task,
while
universal
machines
are
fa c u lt y u p d at e s
Harry Brod, Philosophy and World Religions, is extending his
work on diversity further into the campus and community. As
part of a week of programming organized by UNI students he
speaks on “How To Be An Effective Ally” at UNI’s Center for
Multicultural Education on February 15 (3:00), and as part of
events in conjunction with the UNI Museum’s exhibit “RACE:
Are We So Different?” he speaks there on April 10 on “Witness to Whiteness: Shades of White Anti-Racism” (7:00). He
delivers the Keynote Address to the American Men’s Studies
Association in Minneapolis on March 29 for the Association’s
20th Anniversary Conference, in which he analyzes the international development of scholarship on men and masculinities,
where he has played a leading role.
able to solve problems and interpret
instructions. In the past, machines
were more dedicated and simplistic,
while today they are becoming incredibly universal as they have a plethora
of purposes.
He also addressed the complexities
of computers and computer programing, pointing out that not all is black
and white, but instead composed of
crucial shades of gray.
Another main point made was the
complexity of human understanding.
He used the example of the word
‘hub’ and the immediate connotations
that come to mind when thinking of
this term. He stated that there are no
other organisms on earth that understand this concept.
An additional topic covered was the
degree to which we are all interconnected, and give something of
ourselves to every person we meet.
Conversely, we have a bit of all the
people we have met inside of us. Our
perception of reality and our self-image are essentially dictated by these
interactions. “Dr. Hofstadter has me
thinking about how I am directly or
9
indirectly
connected
to others
throughout
my family,
church, community, previous schools,
and college,”
says Poppe.
Dr. Hofstadter is currently a professor at Indiana University. He has
books, including a Pulitzer Prize winner, Godel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal
Golden Braid. His interests include
analogy-making in carefully designed
micro-worlds, as well as the functioning of the human mind, languages, physics, and mathematics.
Spectators found the lecture interesting and were glad for the opportunity to hear the perspectives of a
world-class scholar.
Student Interview
Kelsey
Ihde
Cedar Falls native Kelsey Ihde is a senior this year at UNI,
majoring in Philosophy and minoring in ethics and the
study of religion. The realization the she wanted to be a
Philosophy major came to her as a senior in high school.
Her mother was in the doctoral program at UNI at the
time, and brought home books from her “Philosophy of
Education” course, which Kelsey then looked through.
Kelsey was intrigued by this topic, on which she had little
experience. She later chose the combination of minors
because all of these areas “have a direct and paramount
effect on human life.”
In Kelsey’s perspective, the best thing about the Philosophy Program is the faculty. Largely because of this
faculty, Kelsey has become an advocate for the application of philosophy to problems in society. “Philosophy is
a wonderful possible solution for some failures to communicate and understand each other,” she says.
Year:
Senior, graduating May 2012
The lessons that Kelsey has learned from her philosophy
classes are applicable to many situations. She says, “It
Major:
Philosophy
Minors in Ethics and the Study of
Religion
has given me discretion to respect that all humans are
Favorite Class:
Existentialism; Society, Politics,
and the Person; Nietzsche and
Nihilism
that will transfer to qualities desired in the workplace
different in the way we see ourselves and the world.”
Kelsey believes it is inevitable that her philosophy major
will assist her after graduation. Some of the skills learned
include critical thinking and writing skills, reasoning and
logic, communication, and respect for others.
Outside of her time focusing on classes, Kelsey is captain
of the cheer squad and secretary of the UNI Philosophy
Club. She enjoys these opportunities to form and expand relationships.
“Philosophy is the highest art
form because it is a way to
teach new ways of thinking and
being creative.”
Taking courses in philosophy is something Kelsey would
strongly recommend to all students on campus. She says
this is “the best academic choice they could make because philosophy not only supplements personal life but
also academic life.” She also recommends that students
take chances and go outside of their comfort zone to
try new things. “Being dogmatic or close-minded about
anything is not a virtue at all,” she says.
10
Delap
Kelsey Delap is a senior pursuing a double major in the study of
religion and biomedical biology, as well as a minor in chemistry.
When not busy with classes, she enjoys volunteering, especially
at Aspire, which is a horseback riding program for children with
disabilities. She also enjoys going to events put on by student
organizations, including the biology and religion groups.
Throughout her time at UNI, Kelsey’s degree plans have changed
quite a bit. When she started her college career, she was planning to become an optometrist and had no idea that she would
end up becoming a study of religion major. However, her experiences taking Religions of the World changed her mind. She fell
in love with the subject and decided to add a major in the study
of religion.
The reading materials chosen by professors are Kelsey’s favorite things about the study of religion. She says that reading
for these classes is a nice break from science textbooks, and
“doesn’t even seem like homework.” One of her favorite books
that she is reading right now is Abraham’s Curse, which is about
violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The study of religion has been something that Kelsey has thoroughly enjoyed, and she would recommend that other students
take classes in this area if they can. These classes “tend to
draw people from all over campus, and it is good to have a different point of view,” says Kelsey.
During her time as a study of religion major, Kelsey has learned
many valuable lessons. One of these is “how little so many people know about their own religion.” She enjoys the opportunity
Year:
Senior, graduating December 2012
Major:
Study of Religion,
Biology: Biomedical Emphasis
Minor in Chemistry
Favorite Classes:
Christianity; Old Testament and Other
Hebrew Scriptures; New Testament and
Early Christian Writings
to look further into these topics from a scholastic point of view.
In addition, she says that her major has taught her to be openminded and to be a critical thinker, with the ability to question
ideas. She thinks these skills will help set her apart in her future
endeavors.
After graduation, Kelsey would like to go to graduate school.
in Iowa and study public health. Her ideal career would be to
become a mental health advocate in the community “I have
lots of dreams, but it will depend on what is most practical,”
she says.
11
“It’s important to spend your life
doing something that you love”
Student Interview
Kelsey
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12
Fred Hallberg
Emeritus Professor
Fa c u lt y Up d at e s
Fa c u lt y Up d at e s
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12
Fred Hallberg
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Fa c u lt y Up d at e s
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13
A
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A l u m n i u p d at e s
Michelle Nielsen Ott
Study of Religion ‘04
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Sadie Lundry
Study of Religion ‘10
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Wei-erh Chen
Study of Religion ‘07
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Thanks
to all who sent in updates. If you
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the back cover of the newsletter. We look forward to
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14
Grant Rozeboom
Philosophy “08
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Kyle Digmann
Study of Religion ‘08
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ELIZABETH WIEDENHEFT
Study of Religion ‘11
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Michelle Nielsen Ott
Study of Religion ‘04
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Sadie Lundry
Study of Religion ‘10
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Wei-erh Chen
Study of Religion ‘07
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Grant Rozeboom
Philosophy “08
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Kyle Digmann
Study of Religion ‘08
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ELIZABETH WIEDENHEFT
Study of Religion ‘11
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If you would like to start your
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IMPACT
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Would you like to support a philosophy or study of religion student and/or the Department of
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Alumni Highlight
Michelle
baima
Westholm
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“Philosophy provides analytic
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19
Alumni Highlight
Nicholas
Alumni Highlight
Michelle
baima
Westholm
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19
Alumni Highlight
Nicholas
department of
Philosophy & World Religions
Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0501
Alumni Response Form
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Department of Philosophy &
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