FM 34-7
APPENDIX L
S2 CHECKLIST FOR PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
As outlined in Joint Publication 3-07.3, “Intelligence” is not conducted during PKO. Instead, there will be an
information section.
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
I
Facts and
Assumptions
DEFINE THE BATTLEFIELD
• AI. Identify and locate all outside influences on the operation. Consider
political groups, media, and third-nation support to the belligerents.
• Realms of activity.
— Identify the legal mandate, geographic boundaries, and other
limitations upon both peacekeepers and belligerents.
— Identify pertinent demographic and economic issues. These might
include living conditions, religious beliefs, cultural distinctions,
allocation of wealth, political grievances, social status, or political
affiliations.
— Identify the best and worst case timeline of the operation.
DESCRIBE THE BATTLEFIELD
• Demographics.
— What are the root causes of the conflict? Analyze this from the
perspective of both belligerents.
— What would cause or caused each side to agree to peace?
— Are there any new issues that have increased tensions since peace was
initiated?
— How committed is each belligerent to keeping the peace? How much
trust and faith do the belligerents have in each other to keep the
peace?
— How capable is each belligerent to keep the peace? Can the
leadership which negotiated the peace enforce discipline throughout
the belligerent parties?
— How do these factors affect the COA of each belligerent? How do
they affect COAS available to the peacekeeping force?
— Analyze these questions relative to each of the pertinent demographic
factors identified during Define the Battlefield Phase (standard of
living, culture, religion, politics).
• Legal. What legitimate COAS are available to the belligerents and the
peacekeeping force? How likely is each belligerent to obey these laws?
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•
Terrain.
— Does terrain impact military operations? Conduct terrain analysis.
Identify good infiltration lanes, engagement areas, defensive
positions, attack routes, and staging areas.
— Does terrain lend itself to PKO? Can the peacekeepers see and be
seen? If so, the belligerents maybe less likely to violate the peace. If
necessary, where can the peacekeeping force establish blocking
positions to blunt possible violations of the peace?
— Identify terrain that allows all belligerents equal access to the
peacekeepers.
— Analyze terrain for current disposition of belligerent forces.
•
Weather.
— Analyze weather affects such as visibility for all parties including the
peacekeepers.
— Consider weather impact on mobility and trafficability. (See
FM 34-81-1.)
— Weather may affect participation at demonstrations and other
gatherings.
• Other. Identify and analyze government, military, and agency support
available to the peacekeeping force.
DESCRIBE THE BELLIGERENTS
• Identify all factions involved in the PKO. Which are likely to violate the
peace and why?
• What is the political organization and military OB for each of the
belligerent groups? Who are the key personnel that control the rank and
file of each faction?
• Identify the political and religious beliefs that directly affect or influence
the conduct of belligerents.
• Identify belligerent tactics for offense and defense. Use this as the basis
for doctrinal templates.
• Identify local support to all belligerents.
DETERMINE ENEMY COAs
• Template or describe the actions of the belligerents that would violate the
peace. Border crossings, entering demilitarized zones, and initiation of
hostilities are examples of violations.
• Template or describe the actions associated with violations of the peace,
occupation of assembly areas, training, C3I, and logistics.
• Template or describe the response of belligerents to violations of the
peace.
• Template or describe the reactions of all belligerents to US actions within
the AO and AI.
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• Identify possible reactions of the belligerents to the whole peacekeeping
mission. Consider acts of terrorism.
— How will the local populace react to the COAs?
— How will the HN government and military react to the COAs?
Analyze Mission
Develop COAs
Analyze COAs
Recommend COA
ANALYZE MISSION
There are no intelligence considerations that are unique to mission
analysis in PKO.
DEVELOP COAs
All peacekeeper COAS should be impartial from the belligerent’s
perspective.
ANALYZE COAs
• During wargaming the executive officer or you should designate
individuals to roleplay each of the belligerents.
• All of the situation templates identified above should be wargamed.
• Wargame terrorist actions and other activities where the belligerents
could reasonably avoid claiming responsibility.
RECOMMEND A COA
The perspectives of both belligerents should be heavily weighted as
decision criteria.
PIR
These will be almost exclusively I&W of possible violations by either
belligerent. They should focus on force protection.
COLLECTION PLAN
Conventional indicators and NAIs will help analyze overt violations of the
peace. Indicators for terrorist actions will be more unconventional.
COLLECT
• When tasking collectors, ask the following questions:
— Will you have to rely on higher headquarters?
— Can any element of the peacekeeping force answer the requirement?
— Does the desired information already exist in an analytical data base?
• After asking the preceding questions, consider the following:
— HUMINT maybe the only source of information you have. Observer
and patrol reporting will give I&W of hostilities among the
belligerents.
— Ensure all PKO observers are trained to submit complete incident
reports. Refer to the incident report checklist described in the Show
of Force Operations section of Appendix M.
— SIGINT and IMINT support may not be available.
• Use MDCI to protect the peacekeeper. Its role is force protection.
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• Use outside sources to gather information. Actual sources and types of
information may be directed by diplomatic authorities (for example, the
UN, other multinational organizations, and news media).
PROCESS
• Use inordinate registers, intelligence workbooks, and OB files to record
activities of belligerents in key areas.
• In addition to the standard objective analysis, you may have to analyze
reports from the following perspectives:
— Belligerent parties.
— Civilian population.
— Terrorist groups.
• Integrate data base information by layering incident overlays over a
specific period of time.
DISSEMINATE
• Develop fast and effective means of disseminating your processed
information to consumers.
• Keep in mind that the S2’s consumers are his commander, the
multinational force commander and, ultimately, the parties to the conflict.
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