le oOn
St e
.
University
sp
ci
tience Report
RESEARCH/ EXTENSION
OREGON
FORAGE AND TURF GRASS VARIETY SEED YIELD TRIAL
1986
by Harold W. Youngberg, William C. Young III, and David O. Chilcotel
INTRODUCTION
Evaluation of seed yield potential of new varieties and advanced
breeding lines in the area of specialist seed production is of value to
A fee-supported seed yield
plant breeders, seed trade, and seed producers.
evaluation program has been in progress at Oregon State University since
Results of these studies have been reported (Youngberg et al. 1985;
1981.
Youngberg et al. 1986).
Varieties are grown under western Oregon conditions and observed for
The seed yield, harvest index, mean seed weight, plant height,
heading date, anthesis date, and lodging characteristics are recorded and
two years.
reported.
METHODS
The trial, designed to follow commercial field practices of Willamette
Valley seed growers was located at Hyslop Crop Science Field Laboratory,
Corvallis, Oregon.
The trial was planted on a Woodburn silt loam soil.
Perennial species in this trial were planted in May, 1985. Details on the
establishment and management of perennial species during the first year,
are reported in Tables 1-3.
1Professor and Extension Agronomist, Research Assistant, and Professor,
respectively, Crop Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
OR 97331.
EXT/CRS 65
10/86
-2-
Seeding rates were adjusted for germination percentages and mean seed
weight to allow planting of an equal number of pure live seed per length of
row.
Row spacing was 12 in (30 cm) for all species except tall fescue and
orchardgrass, which were spaced 18 in (45 cm) apart. Four replications of
each variety were established. Plots were planted with a circular belt
planter in either 2 or 3-plots (depending on row spacing) so that all plots
were 3 ft (0.9 m) wide and 15.6 ft (4.75 m) in length. A blank row was
used to separate entries within blocks. A border plot was used at the
A standard variety was included for each species.
boundary of blocks.
Seeding rates dates and row spacing are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Seeding rate and date, row width, and mean number of
seed per row for variety seed yield evaluation trial.
Mean number
seeds per:
Species
Perennial
ryegrass
Fine-leaf
fescue
Bluegrass
Orchardgrass
Tall fescue
Italian
ryegrass
Approximate
Seeding rate
Seeding date
1985
(in)
(cm)
12.0
12
30
May 5
4.5
4.5
4.5
8.9
5.0
2.2
5.0
10.0
12
12
18
18
30
30
45
45
May
May
May
May
13.4
15.0
12
30
Sept. 5
(lb /a) (kg/ha)
(ft)
(m)
58
190
10.7
61
61
61
200
200
210
200
55
180
64
Row width
4
4
5
5
All perennial species were irrigated with 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) of water
A third irrigation with 2.0 inches (5.0 cm)
on May 12 and May 21, 1985.
was applied on August 9, 1985.
WeRd control following establishment of perennial varieties included
(bromoxynil) at 0.5 lb ae/a (0.56 kg ae/ha) on May 30, 1985 and
Buctril
Additional autumn chemical weed control was applied on
on October 9, 1985.
October 28, 1985 as shown in table 2.
Italian ryegrass varieties were seeded on September 5, 1985 following
a surface application and incorporation of 200 lb/a (224 kg/ha) of 16-20-0
fertilizer into the seedbed on September 3, 1985. All Italian gyegrass
varieties were subsequently treated with the herbicides Buctril
(bromouni 1) at 0.5 lb ae/a (0.56 kg ae/ha) on October 9, 1985, and
Nortron (ethofumesate) at 1.0 lb ai/a (1.12 kg ai/ha) on October 28, 1985.
-3-
Table 2.
Autumn 1985 herbicide application.
Ratel
Herbicide
Species
(kg ai/ha)
(lb ai/a)
Perennial ryegrass
Fine-leaf fescue
Bluegrass, Orchardgrass
& Tall fescue
AAtrex 80W R (atrazine)
Princep 80W R (simazine)
1.2
2.0
1.35
2.24
Karmex 80W R (diuron)
2.4
2.69
1Applied October 28, 1985
In addition, all varieties were sprayed with a tank mix of 2,4-D low
vol. ester at 0.75 lb ae/a (0.84 kg ae/ha) and dicamba at 0.25 lb ae/a
(0.28 kg ae/ha) on February 10, 1986.
Spring fertilizer was applied as urea to all entries on February 16,
1986 (Table 3).
Table 3.
Spring 1986 fertilizer application
(lb /a)
Perennial ryegrass
Italian ryegrass
and Fine-leaf fescue
N (Actual)
Rate1
Species
(kg/ha)
(lb /a)
(kg/ha)
240
269
110
123
Tall fescue and
Orchardgrass
174
195
80
90
Bluegrass
304
341
140
157
1Applied in the form of 46-0-0 for all species on February 26,
1986.
Fungicide treatment included Bravo 500R at 3 pickts/a (3.6/1 ha) for
Tilt was applied at 4 fl.
tall fescue and orchardgrass on April 17, 1986.
Five
perennial
ryegrass
and bluegrass.
oz a (0.3/1 ha) for rust control on
23,
and
30,
May
12,
applications were made to both species on April 17,
June 6, 1986.
All varieties were checked on a weekly schedule from March 26, 1986
Dates were recorded when approximately 50% of the stand
until maturity.
had headed (heading date) and when exerted anthers were first apparent
In addition, the date on which lodging first became
(anthesis date).
apparent within each plot was recorded (lodging date), along with a percentage estimate of the area affected (area lodged) and the severity of
-4-
that lodging on a scale of 1 - 5.
on June 18, 1986.
Plant height measurements were recorded
The entire plot area was harvested at maturity using a small plot
harvester incorporating a sickle bar cutter and draper designed for efficient bagging of the above ground plant biomass (reported as total dry
weight).
The bagged material was air-dried, threshed, cleaned and weighed
to calculate seed yield.
A 3 to 5 gram seed sample of each plot was taken
In addition, harwith a seed divider to determine the 1000 seed weight.
vest index was calculated for each entry:
Clean seed weight
Harvest Index =
X 100
Total harvested weight
Data from each species were subjected to a randomized block analysis
of variance and least significant difference test to determine differences
among variety means.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A good stand was developed for all species.
The weather during June 1986 was warmer and drier than normal (Table
Several of the early species were stressed and high temperature may
have interfered with effective pollination.
10).
Harvest dates and other observations are presented in Tables 4-9.
Yields expressed as a percent of the standard variety for each species are
also reported.
Seed yields from research plots should be compared with known standard
varieties rather than using the absolute figures to estimate potential
yields under commercial production conditions.
Plot harvest methods reduce
shattering and other harvest losses that normally occur in commercial
production.
-5-
Table 4.
Variety
Name
Mom Lp 763
Kemal
Verna
Linn (Std)
1986 seed yield of perennial ryegrass varieties.
Total
Dry
Seed Yield
Weight
(1b/a) (%Std.)
(lb /a)
1692
1519
1281
Trani
1233
1192
1188
1180
1174
1122
1113
982
928
909
857
792
475
449
394
Mean
LSD .05
1027
234
DP-73 -4 -32
Sisu
Chantal
DP-1-6P
Pennfine
Vejo
Tonga
DP-73-4-51
DP-233
DP-26
DP-78-9-20
Pippin
DP-79-2-48
1
Lodging score 1-5;
2 Days
1
Harvest
Severity' Date
First Lodging
Harvest
1000
Index Seed wt.
Plant
Height
(%)
(g)
(cm)
1.66
3.38
2.06
2.29
86.9
100.5
102.0
90.8
98.0
87.8
88.5
90.5
137
123
104
100
6435
8621
6830
7381
12.6
9.7
8.9
8.0
97
TgR7
$77
T777
96
96
95
6586
7285
6796
91
7141
90
80
75
74
70
64
39
36
32
7462
6829
6502
6837
5797
6184
5154
6376
5416
8.8
7.8
8.2
7.5
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.4
7.3
1.85
1.74
2.18
1.93
1.88
3.40
2.09
1.60
1.47
6.1
1.71
4.4
3.4
3.4
1.49
2.63
100.4
105.0
97.4
81.8
78.3
86.4
75.9
82.0
1.61
82.1
-
6701
1235
7.3
1.7
2.05
0.13
90.4
= no lodging and 5 = flat
94.1
9.7
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
Date
Area
(%)
22-May
22-May
22-May
15-May
20-May
29-May
31-May
15-May
22-May
15-May
22-May
17-May
05-Jun
05-Jun
05-Jun
30-May
07-Jun
10-Jun
05-Jun
05-Jun
29-May
29-May
29-May
05-Jun
05-Jun
31-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
09-Jun
12-Jun
10-Jun
21-Jun
20-Jun
26-Jun
28-Apr
03-May
24-Apr
29-Apr
29-Apr
24-Apr
24-Apr
01-May
24-Apr
29-Apr
06-May
24-Apr
24-Apr
26-Apr
24-Apr
24-Apr
24-Apr
24-Apr
30
33
33
30
26 -May
32
06-Jun
26 -Apr
52
41
42
18
45
48
18
38
38
25
23
55
50
55
53
70
58
22
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
NS
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
15-Jul
15-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
05-Jul
17-Jul
17-Jul
15-Jul
23-Jul
23-Jul
23-Jul
-6Table 5.
Variety
Name
1986 seed yield of fine leaf fescue varieties.
Total
Dry
Seed Yield
(lb /a) (%Std.)
ISI-544 Cornet
1741
ISI-829 Enzet
1449
ISI-504 Fulda
1186
Mom Frc 626
1097
Cascade
1090
Z 72 Frc 205
1036
LW R75-2 (Furore) 806
Pennlawn (Std.)
756
Mean
LSD .05
1145
114
230
Weight
(lb /a)
First Lodging
Harvest
Index
1000
Seed wt.
(%)
(g)
192
157
145
144
137
107
100
5957
6143
5968
5417
5615
4838
5254
4616
14.0
11.3
9.8
9.7
9.4
10.4
7.3
7.8
1.36
1.35
1.38
1.09
1.13
1.03
1.06
5476
892
10.0
1.17
-
1.7
0.04
1
Lodging score 1-5; 1 = no lodging and 5 = flat
2 Days
1.01
Plant
Height
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
Date
(cm)
Area Severity'
Harvest
Date
(%)
72.6
71.9
71.6
73.8
89,0
74.0
77.3
80.3
03-Jun
27-May
03-Jun
10-Jun
17-Jun
10-Jun
10-Jun
24-Jun
24-May
22-May
24-May
22-May
29-May
22-May
26-May
29-May
26-Apr
24-Apr
01-May
01-May
01-May
01-May
05-May
08-May
33
38
33
38
28
30
15
28
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
76.3
5.7
09 -Jun
24-May
01-May
30
2.3
0.7
22
42
32
21
23-Jun
23-Jun
23-Jun
19-Jun
23-Jun
19-Jun
19-Jun
23-Jun
-7-
Table 6.
1986 seed yield of bluegrass varieties.
Variety
Name
Total
Dry
Seed Yield
Weight
(lb /a) ( %Std.)
Newport (Std.)
ZW-42-116
Nimbus
Larissa
Mean
LSD .05
1
1023
803
607
411
711
250
Lodging score 1-5;
1
(lb /a)
First Lodging
Harvest
Index
1000
Seed wt.
(%)
(g)
Plant
Height
3953
3973
3500
2145
12.3
9.6
8.3
9.2
0.383
0.320
0.355
0.378
71.1
-
3393
9.9
2.4
0.359
0.036
62.5
6.2
= no lodging and 5 = flat
Date
(cm)
100
78
59
40
501
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
66.6
63.1
49.1
Area Severity'
Harvest
Date
(%)
2.0
01-May
08-May
15-May
24-Apr
22-May
29-May
29-May
15-May
05-Jun
22-May
05-Jun
05-Jun
18
4
33
43
2.5
2.8
05-May
22-May
02-Jun
33
23
2.4
NS
NS
NS
NS
01-Jul
01-Jul
01-Jul
01-Jul
-8-
Table 7.
1986 seed yield of orchardgrass varieties.
Variety
Name
Total
Dry
Seed Yield
Weight
(lb /a) (%Std.) (lb /a)
Hallmark
Crown
Potomac (Std.)
Rancho
Cesarina
1880
Mean
LSD .05
1261
251
1421
1250
1096
660
1
Lodging score 1-5;
2 Days
1
First Lodging
Harvest
Index
1000
Seed wt.
Plant
Height
(%)
(g)
(cm)
1.09
1.11
1.12
147.3
150
114
100
88
53
7578
7518
6481
5885
5365
12.0
9.2
9.3
9.0
5.9
-
6565
869
9.1
2.0
= no lodging and 5 = flat
155.1
0.99
0.85
145.4
147.0
124.9
1.03
0.07
143.9
5.6
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
Date
Area Severity'
Harvest
Date
(7)
08-May
15-May
15-May
20-May
15-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
05-Jun
22-May
22-May
23-May
22-May
15 -May
29-May
25 -May
Z2
NS
22
83
3.0
2.8
3.3
2.0
3.8
53
22
3.0
0.6
55
58
53
15
23-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
30-Jun
08-Jul
-9-
Table 8.
1986 seed yield of tall fescue varieties.
Variety
Name
Total
Dry
Seed Yield
Weight
2551
Rebel
Forager
Fawn (Std.)
Sibilla
2238
2192
2158
1955
Mean
LSD .05
2219
377
118
104
102
100
91
-
1
Lodging score 1-5;
2 Days
1
Harvest
Index
1000
Seed wt.
Plant
Height
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
Date
(cm)
Area Severity'
(%)
(g)
8049
8374
7918
7859
13.8
12.9
11.8
12.5
11.3
1.97
2.17
2.63
2.56
2.02
124.8
132.4
145.0
135.7
141.6
08-May
08-May
17-Apr
17-Apr
08-May
29-May
03-Jun
29-May
29-May
31-May
22-May
22-May
15-May
15-May
22-May
75
68
78
68
78
3.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
3.8
8110
12.5
135.9
7.6
30 -May
19 -May
2.1
2.27
0.16
30-Apr
NS
73
NS
2.9
0.6
(1b/a) ( %Std.) (lb /a)
Rebel II
First Lodging
8351
= no lodging and 5 = flat
Harvest
Date
(%)
Z2
42
22
30-Jun
30-Jun
19-Jun
19-Jun
30-Jun
-10-
Table 9.
1986 seed yield of Italian ryegrass varieties.
Variety
Name
Total
Dry
Weight
Seed Yield
(lb /a) (%Std.)
Marshall (Std.)
2272
100
Bambi
1440 73
Sikem
Aubade
Westerwold
SI-4
Top 1
Wencke
Roberta
1410
1327
1262
1085
1076
1030
962
959
942
872
WSG TB-1A
Kitti
Catalpa
Mean
LSD .05
1220
221
1
Lodging score 1-5;
2 Days
1
62
58
56
48
47
45
42
42
41
38
(lb /a)
7136
6142
5363
7004
5964
5820
5661
4801
6245
5810
4877
5369
5849
881
First Lodging
1000
Harvest
Index Seed wt.
Plant
Height
Heading Anthesis
Date
Date
(%)
(g)
(cm)
14.7
10.6
12.0
2.86
4.09
2.58
3.83
3.97
2.99
4.03
2.54
4.00
3.66
159.2
133.6
140.0
131.0
133.4
123.5
143.2
137.0
129.7
143.2
125.5
129.2
27-May
26-May
24-May
27-May
29-May
24-Apr
29-May
24-May
24-May
27-May
22-May
22-May
135.7
12.0
23-May
8.6
9.6
8.4
8.8
9.7
7.0
7.5
8.8
7.3
9.4
1.7
= no lodging and 5 = flat
2.41
3.91
3.41
0.17
Date
Area Severityl
Harvest
Date
(%)
46
02-Jun
03-Jun
02-Jun
15-May
03-Jun
02-Jun
03-Jun
03-Jun
29-May
29-May
26-Apr
29-Apr
28-Apr
28-Apr
01-May
24-Apr
29-Apr
29-Apr
28-Apr
01-May
28-Apr
29-Apr
31-May
28-Apr
03-Jun
7:171i1
52
52
43
2.8
SU
2.5
40
33
33
50
48
45
40
38
48
50
2.5
3.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
43
NS
2.7
NS
02-Jul
30-Jun
30-Jun
02-Jul
02-Jul
19-Jun
02-Jul
30-Jun
02-Jul
30-Jun
30-Jun
30-Jun
Table 10.
Monthly mean temperature, total precipitation, in Corvallis, Oregon
(30-yr averages, July, 1980
June, 1981).
Temperature (°F)
Avg. Min
30-yr
Month
avg.
198586
July
May
June
50.6
50.7
47.7
41.7
37.2
34.6
32.9
35.0
36.1
38.8
43.2
48.3
52.3
50.0
45.8
40.6
31.5
25.5
35.8
37.4
41.7
39.3
44.5
51.2
Year
41.4
41.3
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Departure
from
30-yr.
avg.
1.7
-0.7
-1.9
-1.1
-5.7
-9.1
Precipitation (in)
Avg. Max
30-yr
avg.
80.7
80.5
75.5
64.3
52.3
46.5
198586
87.1
80.9
71.6
63.8
44.8
40.1
2.9
2.4
5.6
0.5
1.3
2.9
50.4
53.8
59.3
66.2
72.6
49.6
50.0
60.2
59.2
65.7
77.4
-0.1
62.3
62.5
45.1
Departure
from
Departure
from
Avg.
30-yr.
30-yr
avg.
avg.
86
0.31
0.81
0.54
0.48
0.78
3.89
4.69
3.72
6.53
9.90
3.04
1.84
2.50
6.4
0.4
-3.9
-0.5
-7.5
-6.4
4.5
-0.4
6.4
-0.5
4.8
1.48
3.39
6.17
7.77
7.55
4.86
4.63
2.46
1.92
1.20
0.2
42.55
-0.1
1985-
30-yr.
avg.
0.2
-0.3
-0.7
0.5
-1.5
-4.1
0.31
-1.0
5.0
-1.6
-0.6
0.6
-0.9
38.22
-4.3
From Redmond, 1986
REFERENCES
Redmond,
K.T.
1986. Local climatological data for Corvallis, Oregon.
1985
summary with normals, means, extremes, monthly time series. Agric. Expt.
Sta., Oregon State University in cooperation with Office of the State
Climatologist, Climatic Research Institute. Spec. Rept. 777. 23 pp.
Youngberg, H.W., W.C. Young, and 0.0. Chi lcote. 1985. Oregon Forage and
Turf Grass Variety Seed Yield Trial, 1982-83. Agricultural Experiment
Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Special Report 730.
February 1985. 11 p.
Youngberg, H.W., W.C. Young, and D.O. Chi lcote. 1986. Oregon Forage and
Turf Grass Variety Seed Yield Trial, 1984-85. Agricultural Experiment
Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Special Report 766. April
1986.
15 pp.