Global Warming
and
Geothermal Heat Pumps
John D. Manning, PE
TM
LEED Accredited Professional
Earth Sensitive Solutions, LLC
9th Annual NYS Green Building Conference
Friday, March 25th, 2011
The U.S. Green Building Council New York Upstate Chapter is a
Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on
completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and nonAIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright
laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the
presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© U.S. Green Building Council New York Upstate Chapter 2011
Learning Objectives
Climate Change & Geothermal Heat Pumps / - NYSGBC23 / 2011
Description:
The discussion attempts to ignite and empower each of us to see the challenge and
to move beyond our comfort zone to contribute to a better future. The presentation
will also communicate a specific understanding of the geothermal heat pump
technology in regards to how it works, system benefits, the expected installation
costs and ultimately how this technology can be coupled with renewably generated
electricity to create buildings that can be heated and cooled without producing any
greenhouse gas emissions. The possibility of creating a zero-carbon facility by
coupling geothermal heat pumps with renewably generated electricity firmly
establishes this technology as the technology of choice for the 21st Century.
Learning Units:
Credit Designations:
Learning Objective 1:
1
Instructor-led face-to-face
LU|HSW|SD
Reinforce the scientific reality of global warming
Learning Objective 2:
Implant a sense of urgency to change our behavior
Learning Objective 3:
Explain and remove the mystery of how geothermal heat pump systems work
Learning Objective 4:
Illustrate and quantify how geothermal heat pumps can reduce our carbon footprint
Course Evaluations
In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access
the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and
clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.
Global Warming: Fact or Fiction ?
• The Debate is Over !!!
• There Are Solutions !!!
• We Need to Lead !!!
• The Time is Now !!!
• One Word !!!
Ice Core Sampling
CO2
Levels
Oxygen
Isotope
Ratios
Lonnie G. Thompson
600
500
400
300
CO2 Concentration
280
CO2 [ppmv]
260
240
220
200
180
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
Age (yr BP)
200,000
100,000
0
600
Projected
Projected Concentration
Concentration After
After 50
50 More
More Years
Years of
of Unrestricted
Unrestricted
Fossil
Fossil Fuel
Fuel Burning
Burning
500
400
300
CO2 Concentration
280
CO2 [ppmv]
260
240
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
Age (yr BP)
200,000
100,000
0
600
Projected
Projected Concentration
Concentration After
After 50
50 More
More Years
Years of
of Unrestricted
Unrestricted
Fossil
Fossil Fuel
Fuel Burning
Burning
500
400
Today’s CO2 Concentration
300
CO2 Concentration
280
CO2 [ppmv]
260
240
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
Age (yr BP)
200,000
100,000
0
After 45 More Years of current energy use patterns
600
500
400
Today’s CO2 Concentration
300
CO2 Concentration
280
CO2 [ppmv]
260
240
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
Age (yr BP)
200,000
100,000
0
Discovery
Moving Beyond Opinion
“opinions
are like
noses,
everyone
has one“
Types of Opinions
Deluded
Biased
Informed
The World is Flat
What about this one?
The Sun revolves around the Earth
And this one?
Continents
do
NOT
move
And this one?
Climate Change is not
Man-Made, it is the
natural rythms of the
planet, and besides
there is nothing we can
do about it.
Common Thread
When prevailing popular opinion is
challenged by scientific observation
it threatens the “status quo”
….and the existing power structure
exercises their authority or wealth
to attack this threat
The Challenge of Stabilizing Atmospheric
Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide
we
• If governments decide to stabilize the
atmospheric concentration of carbon
dioxide at 550ppm (about twice the preindustrial level), global emissions would
have to peak by about 2025 and fall below
current levels by 2040 to 2070.
• This would mean that all regions would
have to deviate from most “business-asusual”scenarios within a few decades
CO2 Emissions – lbs per Year
Office Bldg
341,553
Grandma
40
0,
00
0
35
0,
00
0
30
0,
00
0
25
0,
00
0
20
0,
00
0
15
0,
00
0
77
10
0,
00
0
-
Light bulb
14,875
50
,0
00
SUV
23,910
What
is
Geothermal ?
Old
Faithful
VERTICAL
CLOSED
GROUND
LOOP
Small g – What’s in a Name?
•
•
•
•
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Earth Coupled Heat Pumps
Water Source Heat Pumps
TM
Geoexchange
• geothermal Heat Pumps
What is a geothermal System?
Technically, it is a water
source heat pump system
that uses the renewable
energy stored in the earth
as a heat source, as well as
a heat sink.
What is a geothermal System?
Geothermal is the most
energy-efficient,
environmentally clean, and
cost-effective space
conditioning system
available.
What is a geothermal System?
EPA found that on a source fuel basis
geothermal systems are more efficient than
competing fuel technologies. They are an
average of 48% more efficient than the
best gas furnaces, and over 75% more
efficient than oil furnaces. In fact, today's best
geothermal systems outperform the best gas
technology, gas heat pumps, by an average of
36% in heating mode and 43% in cooling
mode!
Polyethylene Pipe
U-Bend
The Magic……
Newspaper Headline – New York Times
GE READY TO PUSH
HEAT PUMP SALES
New Department Is Organized to Mass Produce as Well as Distribute Product
June 14, 1953
…. and where is your heat pump ???
50o F
40o F
90o F
80o F
Heat Transfer
38 F
50 F
44 F
50 F
Heat Pump – Moves Heat
Supply
Air - 95 F
Q = 1.08 x cfm x Delta T
= 1.08 x 2000 x 27
= 58,320 BtuH
Heat
Pump
38 F
Return
Air - 68 F
44 F
Circulating
Pump
Q = 500 x gpm x Delta T
= 500 x 15 x 6
= 45,000 BtuH
= Free Heat
Heat Pump – Moves Heat
Q = 1.08 x cfm x Delta T
= 1.08 x 2000 x 27
= 58,320 BtuH
Supply
Air - 95 F
Coefficient of Performance
Heat
(COP)
Pump
38 F
44 F
58,320
Return
Air - 68 F
58,320
Q = 500 x gpm x Delta T
COP =
=
= 4.38
= 500 x 15 x 6
(58,320 – 45,000) = 45,000
13,320BtuH
= Free Heat
Circulating
Pump
Heat Pump Schematic
Basic Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
QH = QL + W
COP = QH/W
Heat Pump Schematic
Reversible (Heat Pump) Cycle
Heat Pump Schematic
Water-to-Air Heat Pump
Heat Pump Schematic
Heat Pump w/ desuperheater
Heat Pump Schematic
Option Water-to-Air Heat Pump w/ Hot Water Generator
Heat Pump Schematic
Water-to-Air Heat Pump w/ Hot Water Generator & desuperheater
Courtesy of Hydron Module
Courtesy of ClimateMaster
Wall Penetration
Wall Penetration
Heating Mode (winter)
Cooling mode (summer)
Most of the Time
Recent Examples
• Ithaca College Peggy Ryan Williams Center
– 50,000 sq Ft LEED Platinum (pending)
• Willink Middle School
– 172,000 sq feet New Construction
• LeMoyne College Jesuit Residence
– 30,000 sq feet Existing Facility
• Cayuga Community College
– 60,000 sq feet Combination New/Renovation
• Auburn City Hall
– 70 year old Historical Building in need of Air Conditioning
• Cambria DEP Regional Office
– LEED 2.0 Gold Certified 33,000 Sq Ft Office Building *
Mechanical Room at
Willink
Installation at
LeMoyne College
Drilling Test Hole at
Cayuga Community College
Memorial City Hall
Auburn, NY
A View from
the Bell Tower
McQuay
Gears
Up
Why Use Geothermal Systems
•
Energy Efficient/Low Operating Cost: 25- 40% better than any
other HVAC system
• Comfort
• Aesthetics
• Design Flexibility, More Available Space
• Heat Pumps can be purchased at time of space build out
• Individual Tenant Zoning, Metering and Maintenance
• Reduced Mechanical Space Requirements
• Low Noise
• Minimal Maintenance
• Environmentally Friendly
• Safety
• Indoor Air Quality
• Reliability
• High-Tech
Maintenance Costs
Type of Equipment
Geothermal In-house
Geothermal Contractor O&P
Water source heat pump
Packaged air-to-air heat pump
Split system heat pump
Reciprocating chiller
Single-stage absorption chiller
Two-stage absorption chiller
Median Cost
15.03
16.78
45.00
27.00
35.10
35.10
37.20
33.95
Data compiled from ASHRAE RP-929 and Caneta
Research report for July, 2000 ASHRAE publication.
Geothermal Emissions
Geothermal Emissions
CO2 Emissions – lbs per Year
Office Bldg
341,553
Grandma
40
0,
00
0
35
0,
00
0
30
0,
00
0
25
0,
00
0
20
0,
00
0
15
0,
00
0
77
10
0,
00
0
-
Light bulb
14,875
50
,0
00
SUV
23,910
CO2 Emissions – lbs per Year
0
Office Bldg
Grandma
14,875
40
0,
00
0
35
0,
00
0
30
0,
00
0
25
0,
00
0
20
0,
00
0
15
0,
00
0
77
10
0,
00
0
-
Light bulb
23,910
50
,0
00
SUV
341,553
Relative Operating Costs
The Power of Choice !!
Thank you !!!
Questions ????