A note addressed to the
teacher specifically
explaining absence from
a test or major
assignment may be
required
Unexplained absences
on “drop dead”
deadline dates or test
days will adversely
affect a student’s marks
The school as a whole
is promoting Respect,
Responsibility and
Success within the
school community
Interim report cards will
th
be issued on March 8
and we look forward to
seeing you on Parents’
nd
Night, March 22
You can go to the science
department response site at
http://www.ugdsb.on.ca/cddhs/f
orm.aspx?ekfrm=20249
to submit information directly.
Evaluation
Policy
Completing the summative
assignment is a requirement
of demonstrating mastery of
the overall objectives of
every science course in order
to earn a credit.
Students are responsible
for providing evidence of
their learning within
established timelines.
A pattern of not
completing work or
submitting work late will
jeopardize the granting of
a credit
If a student is legitimately
absent ... it will be the
student’s responsibility, on
the first class day he or she
returns to school, to submit
the assignment or make
arrangements to write a
similar test for credit
If a student is present at
school for part of the day of
an assignment deadline, the
student will submit the
assignment before leaving
from or after returning to
school on the assigned day
Directly or indirectly using
the work of others as original
work is a serious offense and
will result in academic
penalties
Students are responsible for
returning all assigned texts and
materials in their original
condition. Any materials not
returned, or damaged while
assigned, will be replaced by the
student. Textbook replacement
costs range from $80 to $110.
Safety is a critical part of the
school science program.
Students will be instructed in
safe practices and will be
expected to conduct all lab
work in the safest manner.
Safety First!
UGDSB Student
Safety Contract
Organic Compounds
"
Contain carbon
"
Have covalent bonds
"
Have low melting points
"
Have low boiling points
"
Burn in air (oxygen)
"
Are soluble in nonpolar solvents
"
Form large molecules
1.1 Alkanes: Saturated
Hydrocarbons
SCH 4U
P Investigation: Arranging Carbon Atoms
< Page 10 A, B
P Sample Problems Pg 11-14 #1-4
P Practice Pg 14 # 1-2
P Review Pg 17 # 1 - 9
P Note: Cycloalkanes and haloalkanes will be
covered day 2
Alkanes
¢ Contain
C and H only
¢ Contain
single bonds C-C
¢ Have
¢ Are
4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom
nonpolar
t ShapesofA lkanes
“Straight -chain” alkanes have a zig -zag orientation when they are
in their most straightorientation
Straightchainalkanesarealsocalledunbranchedalkanes
l Nomenclatureo fU nbranchedA lkanes
Line Diagrams
P C atom at end of every line
P C atom at every intersection
P Each C atom surrounded by maximum
number of H atoms
Naming and Drawing Alkanes
P Find longest carbon chain (parent) -becomes
end of the name
P Identify all groups attached to parent chain
(substituents) - become prefixes in the name
P Number parent chain to give first substituent
lowest number
P If tied, look for first difference (ex 1&3 vs
1&5)
P If still tied, the first alphabetical group gets
lowest number
Naming and Drawing Alkanes
Continued
P If substituent is present more than once, use
a prefix (di, tri, tetra)
P Number each substituent’s location
P List substituents as prefixes in alphabetical
order (ignoring prefixes di, tri, tetra)
P Separate numbers and words by hyphens
P Separate numbers from numbers with
commas
l NomenclatureofBranched -ChainAlkanes(IUPAC)
Locate the longest continuous chain of carbons; this is the pare nt
chain and determines the parent name.
Number the longest chain beginning with the end of the chain
nearerthesubstituent
Designate the location of the substituent
When two or more substituents are present, give each substituent
a number corresponding to its location on the longest chain
Substituentsarelisteda lphabetically
When two or more substituents are identical, use the prefixes
tri-, tetra- etc.
di-,
Commas are used to separate numbers from each other
The prefixes are used in alphabetical prioritization
When two chains of equal length compete to be parent, choose
the chain with the greatest number of substituents
When branching first occurs at an equal distance from either end
of the parent chain, choose the name that gives the lower number
at the first point of difference
When two or more substituents are identical, use the prefixes
tri-, tetra- etc.
di-,
Commas are used to separate numbers from each other
Theprefixesare used in alphabeticalprioritization
When two chains of equal length compete to be parent, choose
the chain with the greatest number of substituents
When branching first occurs at an equal distance from either end
of the parent chain, choose the name that gives the lower number
at the first point of difference
l NomenclatureofBranchedAlkylChains
Two alkyl groups can be derived from propane
Four groups can be derived from the butane isomers
The neopentyl group is a common branched alkyl group
Examples
Structural Isomers
Branched Alkanes
P Same molecular formula
P CnH2n+2 for alkanes
P Same number and type of atoms
P Different arrangement of atoms (molecular
geometry)
P Possible for alkanes with more than 3 C
The number of constitutional isomers possible for a given
molecular formula increases rapidly with the number of carbons
Father of organic
chemistry synthesized urea
Heidelberg 1828
Themostimportanthypothesisinalolf
biology…itshae
t verything
thaatnimald
s o,
atomsdoI
. notherwords,thereisnothing
thatlivingthingsdothatcannotbe
understoodfromthepointofviewthat
theyaremadeofatomsactingaccording
tothelawsofphysics.”
RichardFeynman (1918-1988)