1 Livingwithstudents:Lessonslearnedwhilepursuingtenure, administration,andraisingafamily MichaelHumphrey,JanetCallahanandGeoffHarrison Abstract Thiscasestudyiscenteredontwofaculty‐in‐residence:onepursuingtenureand raisingayoungchildwhilelivingintheresidencehallsandoneanestablishedprofessor andassociatedeanraisingtwoteenswhilelivingintheresidencehalls.Thiscasestudy offerstwouniqueperspectivesoffaculty‐in‐residenceatvariousstagesintheircareer, livinginresidencewiththeirstudents,workingcloselywithstudentsoutsideofatypical classroom,allwhilemanagingprofessionalandfamilialobligations. Keywords:Living‐learningcommunities,faculty‐in‐residence,residentiallife Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 2 1.Introduction Thisstudydelvesintotwodifferentdepictionsfromdifferentfaculty‐in‐residence (FIR)fromthetimeperiod2008‐2012.Eachofthesubjectshaddifferinglevelsof experienceinhighereducation,camefromdifferentdisciplinesandhelddifferentroles withintheuniversity;oneasecondyeartenure‐trackfacultywhobeganlivinginthe residencehallswithhisstudentsintheFallof2008andoneanestablishedprofessor workingasanassociatedeanwhobeganlivingintheresidencehallswithherstudentsin theFallof2010. Asthecompetitiontorecruitstudentshasincreased,universitiesstriveto demonstratetheincreasedsuccessoftheirstudents.Theseeffortsincludeincreased studentsupportsystems,facultydevelopmentandcreatingenvironments,whichmaximize studentsuccess.Oneparticularstrategyuniversitieshavefoundeffectiveisthe implementationofliving‐learningprograms.Living‐learningprogramscombineclassroom activitieswith“outofclass”activitiesandalsocombinetheacademiccomponentsintothe entireuniversityexperience[1].Theuniqueenvironment(e.g.facultylivingwithstudents) thatliving‐learningprogramsprovidetoitsparticipantshasbeenfoundtoincrease student‐facultyinteractions,studentlearning,studentretention,andfacultydevelopment [8,11,12,14].Thisenvironmentisfoundtobemoreeffectiveinsmallerresidentialliving‐ learningprogramsthaninlargerprogramsandconventionalresidencehalls[5,9].The environmentisnottheonlyfactorthatplaysapartincreatinganenrichedliving‐learning program.Commonlythereisaperceivedseparatenessofrolesfacultyandstudentaffairs professionalsserveinthestudentlearningexperience[7].Thefacultyparticipatingin Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 3 theseprogramsneedtocreatetheconditionsnecessarytopresenttheseincreased outcomes(e.g.increasedstudentlearningandincreasedstudentretention)[10].Thistask ofcreatinganenrichedenvironmentisnoteasilyaccomplished. Thiscasestudyseekstodemonstratethechallengesposedtofacultyparticipatingin living‐learningprogramsandmethodsinwhichthesechallengescanbeovercometo facilitateamoreeffectiveexperiencenotonlyforthefaculty,butforthestudentsaswell. 2.CaseHistory 2.1FacultyMembers Michael.Michaelbeganhiscareerinhighereducationin2007,whenhewashired asan“allbutdissertation”(ABD)tenure‐trackfaculty‐memberfortheCollegeofEducation. Inthespringof2008,hesuccessfullydefendedhisdissertationandbeganhistimeasaFIR thefollowingsummerfortheArtsandHumanitiesResidentialCollege.Heandhisfamily‐‐ an11‐month‐olddaughter,wifeandseniorLabrador‐‐movedintotheresidencehalls, duringthesummerbeforeFallterm.Theimpetusforthismovecamefromadesireto instructfreshmanandsophomorestudentsinacontent‐basedcourseandadesireto expandhisknowledgeoftheuniversityaswhole.Tenyearspriortohispursuitofhigher education,MichaelhadbeenasecondaryEnglishteacherandK‐12specialeducation teacher.Hisexperiencewithinstructingcollegestudentswasminimal,beinghissecond yearteachingattheuniversity.Michaelhadonlylivedintheresidencehallsfrom1992‐ 1993whileattaininghisBAinEnglish. Janet.TheacademiccareerfortheEngineeringResidentialCollegeFIRbeganin 1979.Shelivedinundergraduateresidencehallsforherentireundergraduatedegree programuntilearningherBSinchemicalengineering.Shortlyafterreceivingherdegree, Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 4 shereturnedtotheresidencehalls,andbeganadoctoralprogramofstudywhileher partnerhelpedprovideforherfamilyas“HeadResident.”Theirson,Danielwasbornayear later.Danielwaspracticallythemascotoftheundergraduateresidencehall,knownby nametoeveryone.Herodehistricycledowntheelevatortothecafeteria,dockedit;gothis trayandsilverwareandsmiledandwavedtoeveryoneastheycalledouthisname,orgave himahighfive. Twenty‐fiveyearslater,shewondersifareturntoresidentiallifewasinevitable,to makeitanevendecadeoflivinglifefromthestageofaresidencehall.Whenherdean invitedhertobecometheengineeringcollege’snextFIR,herfamily,consistingofher daughter,heryoungestson,theirdogLucyhadaseriousconsultation.Theyvisitedthe two‐bedroomapartment,walkedthehallsandimaginedwhatlifewouldbelike.Her daughter,Laura,abouttostartuniversityherself,pronounceditagreatidea,anddidn’t mindthethoughtofnothavingherownbedroomwhenhomefortheholidays.The thirteen‐yearoldson,Ben,approvedaswell.Theyrentedastorageunit,puttheirfour‐ bedroom2,800squarefoothomeontherentalmarket,andmovedintotheresidencehalls intheearlysummerof2010. 2.2ImpactsonProfessionalLife Michael.Duringhisfour‐yeartermasaFIR,Michaelwasreceivingconflicting messagesfromseniorfacultyonthe“value”placedonhisserviceasalive‐infaculty member.Someofhiscolleaguesplacedlittlevalueonthisexperience,“Youshouldfocuson developingyourresearch,”or,“Ifyouarethemanageratanapartmentcomplex,you shouldn’tputthatonyourvita.”Whileothercolleaguesseemedtoplaceagreatvalueon theexperience,“Thissoundslikeanexcellentexperiencetoworkwithstudents,”or,“A Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 5 studentapproachedmetodayandsaidyouwerethebestteachertheyeverhad.”These differingopinionswereveryconfusingforMichaelhisfirstyearasaFIRandheworried aboutthepossibleimpactsonhistenuredecision. DuringthebeginningofthesecondyearasaFIR(2009),Michaelobservedhis departmentreceiveseveralfinancialcuts.Thesecutsimpactedclasssizesandcourse offeringsthroughouthisteachingload.Duringthissameyear,healsowitnessedchangesin spendingwithinthehousingdepartmentanddiscussedwhatwashappeninginother departmentsduringmonthlyFIRmeetings.Becauseofthiscrisisandthemultidisciplinary natureoftheFIRprogram,Michaelbegantohaveabetterunderstandingofhowthe “university”workedasawhole‐unit.Thisdeeperunderstandingofhowtheuniversity operatesoutsideofone’sowndepartmentincreasedhisunderstandingofthepossible impactsofuniversity‐widepoliciesandprocedures.Michaelfeltthiswasespecially important,duetothesmallsize,butlargenumberofstudentsservedbyhisdepartment. ItwasalsoduringMichael’ssecondyearthathewasveryfocusedonestablishing hisresearchagenda.MichaelfeltthatbecauseofbeinghiredABD,hewasayearbehindin hisresearchpursuits.Attimes,Michaelfeltlikehehadtosucceedina“publishorperish” model.Inordertoensureproperprogresstowardstenure,Michaeladoptedsimilarhours ashisstudentswhenworkingonmanuscripts.Michaelreportedthathehadreceived adequateprogressfromthepromotionandtenurecommitteeatthecollegelevelhisthird andfifthyear. PriortoMichael’scareerinhighereducation,heworkedasaspecialeducation teacher.Inhisterms,specialeducationisthesameasindividualizedinstruction.Duringhis timeinhighereducation,hewitnessedamuchhigherlevelofdidacticinstructionfromhis Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 6 mentorsandhispeers.Studentswouldbeencouragedtoattendclass,absorbthecontent andtoregurgitateadequatelycorrectresponses.Thisisnotthemodelhewantedtoadopt duringhisexperienceasaFIR.Heapproachedtheinstructionalpracticesofindividualized educationwithhiscommunityresidents.Thisformedastrongerbasisofcommunity developmentbyswitchingtheinstructionfromteacher‐focusedtostudent‐focused.This student‐focusedinstructionalstrategybecamethefoundationofastrongersenseof communityamongthestudents. Thisstudentfocusedteachingstrategywasachievedbyutilizingstudentswho wishedtoreturntothecommunityforasecondyear.Thesesecondyearcommunity members/studentsadoptedamentorshiproleintheclassandthecommunityforstudents whowereintheirfirst‐yearattheuniversity.Themostappropriatemethodtoaccomplish thiswastostructurethementorshipactivitiesforthesecondyearstudentsaroundthe learningoutcomesMichaelestablishfortheresidentialcollege.Michaeldesignedthe learningoutcomesforthecommunityandworkedwiththesecondyearstudentsto developactivitiesandtaskstobeconductedwiththeresidentialcollege’snewmembers. Michaelmadesuretheseactivitiesandtaskswereproperlyalignedwiththelearning outcomesfortheresidentialcollege.Thisstrategyobservablyincreasedthemotivational levelsofthestudents/communitymembers.Michaelstillimplementsthispracticeinhis traditionalcoursesbyofferingmultipleassignmentsandsolicitingstudentfeedbackonthe courseschedule. Janet.Likeanylargeenterprise,universitiesareorganizedintodomains.Sincethe domainsaredifferent,theyaremostlynon‐overlapping.Consequently,itisunsurprising thatfacultymembersaregenerallyunawareoftheservicesprovidedtostudentsbythe Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 7 divisionsthatfalloutsidetheirrespectivedomains.Theyarerelativelyunawareofthe personnelbehindtheseservices,andforfacultyinthescience,technology,engineeringand mathematics(STEM)disciplines,thereislittlecomprehensionofthefactthatstudent supportpersonnelhavetrainingonhowtohelpstudentsastheytransitioninto independentliving. RealizingwhattheEngineeringResidentialCollege(ERC)FIRdidn’tknowaboutthe restoftheuniversitywasahumblingexperienceforJanet.Evenwithherrelativelyrich backgroundinresidentiallife,vicariouslyexperiencing“HeadResidency”andpersonally experiencingalltheprogrammingandactivitiesassociatedwithlivingasan undergraduate,Janethadlittleknowledgeofallthehumanenterprisethatkeeps residentialliferunningsmoothly.Shehadevenlessknowledgeoftheextensivetraining university‐housingprofessionalshaveinenablingleadership,inmodelingbehavior,andin teambuilding.LivingasaFIRtaughthermoreabouthowauniversityoperatesandabout studentsuccessthanmorethan20yearsofexperienceinacademics. Inhersecondyearasalive‐infaculty(2011),JanetdecidedtoretakeCalculusI. Thiswaspartiallyinspiredbythebook:MyFreshmanYear[13],loanedtoherbythe AssistantDirectorforResidenceEducation;butwasalsomotivatedbyadesiretoenhance hermathematicstutoringskillsbecauseshewasregularlyaskedmathquestionsinthe residencehall.Thatfall,earlyinthemorning,threedaysaweek,shewalkedtheshort distancefromthecentrallylocatedresidencehall,upthreeflightsofstairstoaclassroomin theInteractiveLearningCenter.Shesatinthebackrow,ashadalwaysbeenherhabit,and kept“undercover”asfacultymemberandassociatedeanformostofthesemester. However,shedidnotadaptthesamebehaviorsheexhibitedinherownundergraduate Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 8 days,whensheseldomspoketoanyoneintheclass.Thistime,afterrealizingthatifshe didn’thelpbreaktheiceintheroom,thestudentswouldgoallsemesterwithouttalking withoneanother,sheactivelyengagedthestudentsinthebackrows.Janetreportedafter workingwithhercommunitymemberswhofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutmathematics courses,inpursuitofherownlearning,shenowhadadoptedthe“justasksomeone”model shehademployedinhergraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthesemester,whiletaking thismathematicscourse,sheengagedinself‐reflectionandcametotheconclusionthatthe skillofaskingforassistanceisnotaskillthatcomesnaturallytomanystudentsmajoringin theSTEMfield. Theexperienceoftakingthisclassfromhermathematicscolleagueaffectedheras profoundlyaslivingwithstudentsintheresidencehalldid.Beingastudentagainmadeher avastlyimprovedandmuchmoreinsightfulteacher.Theexperiencewentbeyondaffecting heralone,toalsoaffectingthemathematicsinstructor.Midwaythroughthesemester, realizingthatherperspectiveonwhattheteachercoulddointheclassroomwas undergoingatransformation,shetookthetimetorecordherobservationsinareflection. Then,sheaskedhermathprofessor,hercolleague,todothesame.Thesetwosetsof reflectionscontainastoryofaprofoundchangeinthewaytheseprofessorsnowperceive theclassroom;thisisreportedindetailelsewhere[4].Themathprofessorreported:“The biggestsingleitemfromherobservationsthatIplantoaddtomyteachingpracticesisto bemoredeliberateaboutinstructingstudentsinsuccessfulhabits,specifically,the formationofcollaborativegroupsandanunderstandingofthevalueofhomework.I’ve alwaysknownIshouldsaymoreaboutthesethings,butsemesteraftersemesterIendup notsayingmuch.Thisneedstochange.”[4]Janetreportedthatattendingthismathematics Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 9 courseasastudenthelpedherrealizedthatshewasdevelopingacommunitywithinthe coursewiththestudentsaswellaswithherresidents. Communitiesofpractice(COP)aregroupsofpeople(community),whosharea concernorapassionforsomethingtheydo(domain),andlearnhowtodoitbetter (practice)[15].WhatJanetlearnedandwhattransformedherteachingpractice,isthe simplenotionthatthemoreourclassroomsmovetowardbecomingcommunitiesof practice,thebetterourstudentswillberetained,themoretheywilllearn,andthebetter theywillretaintheirpassionfortheirfield.LearningaboutCOPswasfirstmodeledtoher throughtheFIRCOPthatwasformedundertheleadershipoftheAssistantDirectorfor ResidenceEducation,demonstratedagainwiththeLivingLearningCommunitiesCOP,and thenfinallyintheclassroomenvironment,aconnectionwasmadeinthisFIR’smind–“we candothishere.”Thatis,wecandothispractice[establishingCOPs]intheacademic environment,apracticethatresidentiallifehasbeendoingforyears–createcommunity; butthistime,intheclassroom.WhileworkingasaFIRJanetreportedundertheleadership oftheAssistantDirector,shewasabletodevelop“micro”COPswiththeresidentsofher ERC,classmatesandstudents. 2.3ImpactsonPersonalLife Michael.Michaelinformedtheresearchersthatthetimespentlivinginthe residencehallswithayoungfamilyhaditsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Michael reportedthathisexperienceasaFIRwouldnothavebeenpossible,ifitwerenotforthe willingnessofMichael’sspousetopursuethisventureaswell.Theprospectofhavinga childcelebratingtheirfirstthroughfourthbirthdaycelebrationsina“dorm”roomsetting wouldnothaveappealedtomanymothers.Thefirstquestionaskedbyhisspousewhen Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 10 beingpresentedwiththeprogramwas,“Dowehavetoshowerdownthehall?”Luckily,this wasnotthecase. Theamountofworkrequiredtoestablishtenuredidnotrequiremuchmoretime‐ managementskills,butrequiredacompartmentalizingofjobtasks.Whenhisschedulewas filledwith“scholarship”hewouldhavetogiveuppossibledistractions(e.g.respondingto email,gradingassignments)fromcompletinghisresearchtasks.Thisappliedtoallaspects ofhislifeattheuniversity.Itmayseemcomical,butfamilywasscheduledmuchinthe samefashion.Hehadtoaskforassistanceseveraltimesfromhisspouse,tomakesurethat hedidnotperseverateon“workissues”whenhewasspendingtimewithhisfamily.This practiceseemedtobesuccessfulafterhissuccessfulappointmentasatenuredfacultyand theactiveroleheplayswithhiswifeanddaughter. Beingnewtoacommunity,universityandcareerpathcanindividuallyimpactthe qualityoflifeexperiencedbymostpeople.Havingallthreefactorsoccursimultaneously hasamarkedimpactonthequalityoflifeexperiencedbyindividuals,letalonenew families.Humorously,livingintheresidencehallsalleviatedmuchofthetypicalbarriers experiencedbytransitioningprofessionals.Sincetherewassuchahighfocuson developingasenseofcommunityamongthestudentsandintheirclassroominstruction, thisextendedtotheothermembersofMichael’sfamily.Hisdaughterbegancallingthe studentsinthecommunity,“Kids,”andthechildrenatherdaycarefacility,“Friends.” Michael’sspousereportedenjoyingtalkingtostudentsknowingallofthecommunity members’nameseachyear.Severaloftheserelationshipsformedwithintheresidence hallshavepersistedafterthestudents’graduations.Theyhaveattendedseveraloftheir formercommunitymembers’familyevents,weddings,siblingperformances,etc. Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 11 Janet.Janetexperiencedmanyimpactsonherpersonallife.Shereportedthetwo mostprominentwereanincreasedphysicalactivitylevelandanincreaseinthetimeshe spentoutdoors.Theapartment,althoughbeautifullyappointedandwithaviewoftheriver, wassmallandshebeganreallyspendingsignificanttimeoutofdoorswithherdog,hiking, bikingandskiing.Janetreportedthatthishelpedreplaceherneedtogarden,whichwas simplynotpossiblelivinginathird‐floorapartmentfacingNorthandtheincreasedactivity levelsignificantlyimprovedherfitnessandoverallsenseofwell‐being. 3.Discussion Michael.Asajuniorfaculty‐member,elevatingteachingevaluationsand maintainingahighlevelofresearchproductivityarecrucialforattainingtenure.Thisisnot aneasytaskandcanbecompoundedwhenaddingahigherteachingloadandaservice obligationaswell.Thereisasubstantialbuy‐out(20%)forbeingaFIRandsincetheinitial confusionastohowthisadjustmentinworkloadwasperceivedbyvariouscolleagues; Michaeldidnottakepartofthisworkloadadjustment.Hecontinuedtoteachhistypical workloadandfocusonhisresearch. Asajuniorfaculty‐memberlivingwiththeirstudents,Michaelfeltitwasimportant tobereadilyaccessible.Hescheduledappointmentswitheveryoneofhiscommunity membersandthecommunity’srespectiveprogramassistant.Thiswastoestablishan individualrelationshipwithallthestudentsandtohavethisreciprocatedbyallthe communitymembers.Havingtofiteverythingintoeveryone’sschedules,however,isan impossibletask.Tocombatthis,communitymemberswererecommendedtoprovidetimes inwhichtheydidnotwanttobedisturbed.Thiswasacriticalcomponentofpeoplehaving theabilitytobetogetherasacommunityandstillhavetimeforhimselforherselfasan Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 12 individual.Withsomeresidents,orduringcertainperiodsoftheacademicyear(e.g.the weekbeforefinals),personscouldbecomereclusive.Onestrategyadoptedtocombatthis wastoscheduleend‐of‐the‐yearventuretrips.Thesetripswouldchallengecommunity membersinvariousnewexperiences(white‐watercanoeing,rockclimbing,etc.)andhave severallearningoutcomesimplementedduringthetrip.Thisallowedcommunity‐members tointeractoutsideofthetypicalresidencehallsframework.Amajorityofcommunity participantsdeemedthesetripstobethemostpowerfulexperiencethroughouttheyear. Janet.Asanassociatedean,partofherjobistoimprovestudentretention;sobeing aFIRfitinverywellwithherjobdescriptionandwithherresearchagenda.Asdescribed earlier,ithashelpedherseehowsociallearningtheorycanbeusedtohelpengineerskeep theirmotivation,learnandachieveeventualgraduation.Theengineeringeducation communityforatleastadecadehasbeguntoapplysociallearningtheoryinvarious situations[3].JanetisthePrincipleInvestigatorforaNationalScienceFoundationgrant whichhasthespecificaimsofincreasingfirst‐time,full‐timeretentionofSTEMmajors, withthegoalofincreasingthenumbersofstudentswhoattainthesedegrees,soastohelp meetthenation’sworkforceneeds.WhatshelearnedasFIRhashelpedleverageherefforts inthisregard. Janetfoundlivingintheresidentialcommunitytoattimesmakeherfeelasthough shehadaninfiniteamountofunfinishedwork,asattheendofthedaytherewasthe remaining“work”ofspendingtimewiththeresidents.Thiswasnotanimperative,but ratheraself‐generatedfeelingofresponsibility.Shedidn’tactuallydothisattheendof eachday;ratheritwasafeelingof“maybeIshouldgoandseewhoisoutinthelounge,or propmydooropenforawhiletoseeifanyonewouldliketoseeme.”Thepresenceofthe Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 13 ProgramAssistant–astudentwhosupportedherasFIR,whoreportedtotheAssistant Director,andwhowasresponsiblefortouchinginweeklywitheachresident,immensely helpedwiththisfeelingofunfinishedwork.Sometimesshewondered,“AmIdoingagood jobofbeingFIR?”andwouldthenanswerherownquestion:“Ofcourseyouare.Youare livingwith18undergraduatefreshmenengineeringandcomputersciencestudents!” 4.Conclusions Asmightbeexpected,twodifferentperspectivesofbenefitsandgainsexpressedby theseFIRsvarygreatly,onebeingatenure‐trackfacultyinthebeginningofhiscareerand anotherbeinganestablishedscholarplayinganadministrationrolewithinacollege.Each oftheparticipantsfacedchallengeswiththedemandsofparticipatinginaliving‐learning program(e.g.lackofprivacy,smalleraccommodations).Althoughthesedemandsdifferdue tofactorssuchas:seekingtenure,familialobligations,livingarrangementsand administrativeduties.Bothsubjectsreportedtheexperienceaspositive. Eachsubjectpresentedinthiscasestudyfoundtheexperiencetoberewardingona professionallevel.Theoverallbenefitsofparticipatinginalive‐inprogramoutweighed anyofthechallengestheyfaced.Bothsubjectsreportedthatthisexperienceaffectedtheir professionalpracticesinapositivefashion.Theyexperiencedgainsintheirteaching,an increasedunderstandingofhowtheuniversityoperatesasawhole,anincreased awarenessofneedsoftheirstudents,andagreaterunderstandingofuniversityresources availabletoallstudents.Thesepersonalgainsreinforcetheliving‐learningprogramgoals aswell,which,focusonincreasedstudentlearningandretention.Albeit,neitherMichael norJanetfeeltheyareresponsibleforanyonestudents’successattheuniversity.Their activepursuitofparticipatinginasuccessfullive‐inprogramcontributedtothesuccessof Published in WORK 52 (2015) 497‐501 DOI:10.3233/WOR‐152197 IOS Press 14 manyoftheirresidents.MichaelsuccessfullyreceivedtenureandpromotiontoAssociate Professorhislastyearofresidency.JanetreturnedtoherdutiesasAssociateDeanforthe CollegeofEngineeringandiscontinuingherresearchpursuitsonstudentsuccessand retention. Itisourhopethiscaseofferssomeinsighttothepossiblegainswhenadoptingthis uniqueexperiencewithhigher‐educationlearnersandinstructors.Ifyouareagraduateof anyuniversity,thinkbacktoyourfavoriteprofessorsandaskyouryoungerself,“Iwonder whattheywouldbelikeasaneighbor?” Acknowledgements [Editedforthereviewprocess] References [1]AstinAW.Whatmattersincollege:Fourcriticalyearsrevisited.SanFrancisco:Jossey‐ Bass;1993. [2]BoehmanJ.Affectivecommitmentamongstudentaffairsprofessionals.NASPAJ.2007; 44(2):307‐326. [3]BorregoM,OsborneL,StrevelerR,SmithK,MillerR.Quantitativeandqualitative measuresofcommunitydevelopmentthroughastructuredworkshopcurriculum. proceedingsoftheAmericansocietyforengineeringeducation,ASEE.2007;2007‐241. [4]CallahanJ,BullockD,ChyungSY.Bothsidesoftheequation:learnerandteacher.ASEE. 2012:2012‐5051 [5]ClarkeJH.Freshmanresidentialprograms:effectsofliving‐learningstructure,faculty involvementandthematicfocus.JCollUnivHous.1988;18(2):7‐13. 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