សសសសសសសសសសសសស
Royal University of Phnom Penh
សសសសសសសសសសសសសស​
Woodfuel supply and demand, and
carbon credit to avoid deforestation in
Phnom Chumriey area, Kampong Chhnang
province, Cambodia
By: Ngov Veng CHHENG
Research student
Department of Environmental Science
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Result and discussion
4. Conclusion
5. Acknowledgements
2
សសសសសសសសសសសសស
Royal University of Phnom Penh
សសសសសសសសសសសសសស​
Introduction
1. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) effect
2. Source of GHG emissions in the globe and Cambodia
3. Woodfuel consumption status in developing countries and
Cambodia
4. Actions to reduce CO2
5. Problem statement and Objective
1. Introduction
4
Source of GHG emissions
Forestry is 2nd GHG emitter in the globe.
LUCF is main GHG emitter in Cambodia.
5
Important of forestry to climate
“Climate change cannot be won without the world’s
forests….”
—Ban Ki-moon, 2008
“Forestry can make a very significant contribution to a
low-cost global mitigation…”
—IPCC, 2007
“Given the scale of emissions from deforestation, any
climate change deal that does not fully integrate
forestry will fail to meet the necessary targets.”
— Nicholas Stern, 2008
6
Woodfuel consumption in Developing
countries
2.6
billion
(2015)
2.7
billion
(2030)
7
Woodfuel consumption in Cambodia
Woodfuel remain a vital energy for Cambodians, especially rural people. Sustainability
of woodfuel has not known yet (Top et al., 2006) while 50% of woodfuel they consumed
8
is harvested from natural forest (CCCO, 2006, 2003, & 2001).
Actions to reduce CO2
1992
1997
2007
• UNFCCC was set up
• Kyoto protocol was adopted and CDM also
included
• COP 13 Bali Road map strongly agree REDD
proposal for post 2012 climate mechanism
• COP 15 Copenhagen (Dec,2009)​, REDD expect
to be adopted.
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Problem statement
If sustainable
50 % of woodfuel
is harvested from
natural forest
Need to
Assess
sustainability
But, if
UNSUSTAINABLE
Fine, go!
1. Woodfuel
shortage
2. Deforestation
3. GHG
emissions
Use WISDOM to
assess
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Research Objectives
1. Assess woodfuel supply and demand
whether consumption of woodfuel cause
deforestation or not
2. Estimate CO2 emissions from non-
sustainable woodfuel consumption
3. Estimate carbon credits to avoid
deforestation
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សសសសសសសសសសសសស
Royal University of Phnom Penh
សសសសសសសសសសសសសស​
Methodology
1. Study area
2. Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview
Mapping (WISDOM)
3. Estimation of CO2 emission from un-sustainable
woodfuel consumption
Study area
This study
site is in
Kampong
Chhnang
and
Kampong
Speu
provinces.
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WISDOM approach
Source: FAO 2003
14
Development of Demand module
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Type of wood consumption
Firewood (Stere wood)
Charcoal making
Pole
collection
Palm sugar making
Woodfuel for Cooking
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Development of Demand module
17
Socio-economic profile in PCA
• Above 54 % (are around 11,819 households) of total household in this area are
wood based activities
• People cut wood in dry season, March is
productive month of collection.
• There are 122 villages in 19 commune in
PCA.
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Development of Demand module
• Seeds tool for participants estimate wood
consumption
• Simple questions: most productive month,
number of cycles of collection, carrying
capacity of the transport mean &
seasonality of wood collection.
• Draw zone of collection
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Development of Supply module
• Forest inventory for Aboveground biomass
(AGB); AGB = VOB x WD x BEF
• Increment: y= 2.3Ln(AGB)- 7.79 (Top et al.,
2004)
• Woodfuel supply= Increment x forest area
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Forest cover and plot location
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Development of Integration module
• Balance = Supply-Demand
Identifitying priority area
• Select high balance or highly
unsustainable as priority areas
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សសសសសសសសសសសសស
Royal University of Phnom Penh
សសសសសសសសសសសសសស​
Result
1. Woodfuel consumption
2. Forest increment, woodfuel productivity
3. Balancing the supply and demand
4. Identifying priority area
5. Amount of CO2 emission from un-sustainable woodfuel
consumption
6. Carbon credits to avoid deforestation in PCA
Woodfuel consumption by HH
70
Tonne/HH/year
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Group
Discussion
"Test"
Group
Group
Group
Generalization
Discussion "1" Discussion "2" Discussion "3"
of "WD"
SW
CH
PS
Firewood=14T/HH/yr; Charcoal=17 T/HH/yr; Palm Sugar maker= 37 T/HH/y
Generalize these values to all village in Phnom Chumriey Area (PCA).
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Woodfuel consumption by commune
(T/ha/yr)
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Forest increment
Average forest increment is 3.21 T/ha/yr
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Balancing the Supply and Demand
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Identifying priority area
Communes
Balance (T/ha/yr)
Sustainability status
Svay
-6.31
high unsustainable
Peani
-5.56
high unsustainable
Tbaeng Khpos
-3.98
high unsustainable
Monourom
-3.28
high unsustainable
Veal Pon
-2.95
medium unsustainable
Khnar Chhmar
-2.46
medium unsustainable
Thlok Vien
-2.23
medium unsustainable
Thma Edth
-1.58
medium unsustainable
Peam
-1.14
medium unsustainable
Sedthei
-0.57
low unsustainable
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Identify priority area (Con’t)
Commune
Balance level
Sustainability status
Veal Pung
-0.40
low unsustainable
Rung Roeang
-0.36
low unsustainable
Preah Srea
-0.16
low unsustainable
Svay Chuk
-0.07
low unsustainable
Chhean Laeung
0.10
low unsustainable
Krang Lvea
0.35
low unsustainable
Prambei Mom
1.04
low sustainable
Tuol Khpos
1.22
low sustainable
Kbal Teuk
1.53
low sustainable
Total
-26.82
high unsustainable
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CO2 emission from non-sustainable
woodfuel consumption
Commune
CO2 emission (2009) (T)
CO2 emission (20102014)
Peani
21666.44
110382.67
Thma Eth
9760
49842.61
Chhean Leurng
-5499.37
5193.47
Khnar Chhmar
12481.19
62405.96
Krang Lvea
-26647.33
3329.23
Peam
14681.29
112768.88
Seithei
4183.47
27628.25
Svay
45245.92
226622.87
Svay Chuk
4642.07
14508.039
Thbeng Khpos
48554.35
260066.32
Thlork Vien
14391.03
83318.93
Kbal Teuk
85559.39
-325249.96
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Carbon credit to avoid deforestation
Commune
CO2 emission in 2009 CO2 emission in 2010-2014
Toul Khpos
-37559.86
142770.62
Preah Srea
997.85
4989.27
Veal Pung
3850.15
19373.70
Monorom
13637.81
68189.05
Prambei Mom
-38131.37
121176.54
Rung Reurng
2111.72
13861.71
Veal Pon
16884.19
84933.37
Total
208445.46
1149224.16
Opportunity cost for allowing this CO2 emit are $4.5
millions from 2010-2014.
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សសសសសសសសសសសសស
Royal University of Phnom Penh
សសសសសសសសសសសសសស​
Conclusion
1. Woodfuel supply and demand
2. Balancing the supply and demand
3. Identifying priority area
4. Amount of CO2 emission from un-sustainable
woodfuel consumption
5. Carbon credits to avoid deforestation in PCA
Wood S/D, integration
• Per-HH average wood consumption FW=14T/yr;
CH=17 T/yr; PS= 37 T/y. Generalized these
values for PCA wood demand.
• Average increment of 3.21 T/ha/yr and wood
supply
• 14 out of 19 communes have already consume
wood on non-sustainable basis
• CO2 emission: 208,445 T (2009); 1,149,224 T of
CO2 (2010-2014)
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Opportunity cost of carbon credit
• About 4,596,896 dollars should be paid from
2010-2014 to keep forest stand.
• More study needed especially on demand
increment.
• Policy maker or energy program developers
should address woodfuel imbalance before
promoting woodfuel as an alternative energy.
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Acknowledgements
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