Low Cost Pharmacist-Directed Diabetes Awareness and Prevention Program Targeting
Elementary Students
Molly J. Wascher, PharmD Candidate, Jessica Alflen, PharmD Candidate, Karen L. Kier, Ph.D., BCPS, BCACP
Background
Results
Diagnosed Diabetes Percentage- Hardin County, Ohio1
2004
2011
Conclusions
Question
Pre-Test
Post-Test
1. There are two types of diabetes
71.83%
96.20%
2. Not having enough insulin can cause diabetes
64.38%
83.33%
0 - 6.3
6.4 - 7.5
7.6 - 8.8
8.9 - 10.5
Future Plans for the Program
10.6 +
3. Your body loves sugar, the more the better
7.9%; 1,827 cases
9.8%; 2,251 cases
• To provide a low cost interactive program aimed at educating
third grade students on the basics of diabetes and the strategies
to prevent the disease through nutrition and physical activity.
Methods
• Nonrandomized quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study
• Setting and Participants
o All 3rd grade students at Ada Elementary School
o Incorporated into Physical Education class curriculum
• Goal
o Provide evidence to incorporate diabetes education and
prevention techniques into elementary school curriculum
• Primary Outcome
o Comparison of pre and post test results
• Program Design
4. Regular exercise and healthy eating habits can help
prevent diabetes
5. Your body uses glucose as energy
82.19%
51.35%
86.07%
6. You can catch diabetes from your friends like a cold
62.16%
79.75%
7. You should try to get 60 minutes of physical activity
everyday
8. If given the choice, whole grain food is preferred
95.89%
96.20%
75.68%
86.08%
9. Physical activity cannot be with friends and cannot be
enjoyable
10. You only need to eat food from 4 of the 6 food groups
everyday
81.08%
89.87%
35.14%
32.91%
Day 3
Day 4
69.81% (n=75)
Cost of the Program:
Post-Test Percent Score
81.37% (n=79)
 Total: $15.76
 $0.21 per student
Paired T-Test (two-tailed) P=0.001
Pre-test
Program
Introduction
Diabetes
Basics
Nutrition
and Healthy
Eating
Choices
Note Cards
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
Pre-Test
Post-Test
Permanent
Markers
Paper
30.00%
PostTest
20.00%
10.00%
Focus more
on food
groups
Simplify
insulin
education
• Repeat program with the same students as fourth graders
• Objectives:
o To study the impact of providing continued education on
diabetes and the strategies to prevent the disease through
nutrition and physical activity to elementary school children
through a low-cost interactive program.
o To determine the ability of elementary school students to
maintain knowledge of diabetes basics following an
interactive program
o Demonstrate the importance of including continued diabetes
education in elementary school curriculum.
80.00%
0.00%
• Ohio Northern University IRB approved this study
Reword test
questions to
improve
understanding
100.00%
70.00%
Physical
Activity
83.54%
Pre-Test Percent Score
90.00%
Day 2
79.75%
• Update program based on lessons learned from spring 2014
Objective
Day 1
78.38%
• Elementary school children are able to understand material on
diabetes basics, nutrition and physical activity
• A low-cost interactive program is an effective mechanism to
teach students the basics of diabetes and prevention techniques
• Pharmacists and student pharmacists are equipped to organize
and implement similar programs across the country
Printing
Resources:
1. Adamo ER, Caprio S. Type 2 diabetes in youth: epidemiology and
pathophysiology. Diabetes Care May 2011; 34 (2):161-165
2.Children and diabetes. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/diab_children.htm. Updated May 20,
2011.Acessed March 24th, 2014.
3. Dabelea D, Bell RA, D’Agostino RB Jr, et al. Incidence of diabetes in
youth in the United States. JAMA. 2007 Aug 8, 298(6):627.
4. Valde JF. Community program to prevent diabetes in school children.
Journal of Community Health Nursing 2011 28: 215-222.
5. Wilson V. Type 2 diabetes: an epidemic in children. Nursing Children
and Young People. March 2013, 25(2): 14-18.
The authors have no known conflicts of interest