HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Bio-fuel indirectly-fired microturbine
• TKK
•
Energy Engineering and
Environmental Protection
•
Engineering Materials
• Hanken
•
Energy Engineering &
Environmental Protection
Department of Marketing
•
TEKES (DENSY)
•
Foster Wheeler Energia
•
PVO
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Existing demo and pilot scale IFGT
Process
Status
Size
Heat exchanger
Turbine
Efficiency
IFGT with evaporator
Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB)
(De Ruyck et al. 1994)
demo
580 kWe
metallic (Tmax = 850˚C)
Tair, out = 800˚C
∆Tmin(hot side) = 92˚C
∆p(hot side) = 15 mbar, ∆p(cold
0.5mbar
TIT = 800→1000˚C
(suppl.firing)
PR = 8.5
23 %
16 %
side)
=
IFGT with closed cycle
Ansaldo Ricerche (ARI) s.r.l. and the
University of Genoa (Traverso et al. 2003)
demo
50 kWe
2-stage heat exchanger
1. high T metallic HEX (Tmax = 800˚C)
2. commercial HEX (Tmax = 650˚C)
Elliot TA-80R
TIT = 750˚C
IFGT with a HITAF coal combustion
system, United Technologies Research
Center & PSI Technology Company
(Sondreal et al. 2001)
test
facility
900
kWfuel
1. convective HEX in flue gases
Tair,out = 705˚C
2. nickel-based alloy radiant HEX in
the furnace Tair,out = 982˚C
TIT = 982˚C
(in
tests
1093˚C)
IFGT test facility
Hague International, Kennebunk, Maine
(Agarwal et al. 1997)
demo
GT
500 kWe
Boiler
7 MWth
ceramic
Tair,in= 395˚C*
Tair,out = 1195˚C*
Tflue gas,out = 851˚C*
TIT = 1195˚C*
PR=13*
IFGT with combined cycle repowering
Pennsylvania Electric Company’s Warren
Station (LaHaye et al. 1994)
demo
22 MWe
ceramic
Tair, out = 996˚C
Tflue gas, out = 857˚C
∆p(hot side) = 173 mbar, ∆p(cold side) = 33
mbar
TIT = 996˚C
Radiative and aerodynamically cleaned
HEX
DOE Clean Coal Program (Solomon et
test
facility
150
kWfuel
ceramic
Tair, in = 693˚C, Tair, out = 1075˚C
TIT =
1075→1388˚C
(suppl.firing)
al. 1996)
⇒
*parameters from a
300 MWe process
39.8 %
(total
plant)
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer based material selection
Maximum service temperature and price
for selected high temperature
materials (CES selector v4.5)
Thermal conductivity and yield strength
(elastic limit) of selected high
temperature materials
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Properties of some high temperature materials
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Requirements for high
temperature
combustion chambers
and heat exchangers:
Good resistance to:
• oxidation
• hot corrosion
• carburization
• nitridation
• creep
• thermal and thermomechanical fatigue
Recommended materials:
• 353MA
• 353MA is an austenitic chromium-nickel
steel.
• MA956
• Incoloy alloy MA956 (UNS S67956) is a
ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened
(ODS) Fe-Cr-Al alloy.
• Nicrofer 6025 HT
• Nicrofer 6025 HT is a nickel-based
superalloy.
• Haynes 214
• Haynes 214 is a nickel-based superalloy.
• SiC
• Hexoloy SiC is ceramic, single-phase,
sintered alpha silicon carbide.
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Estimation of market potential in Finland and
Sweden
• Primary market potential for saw mills:
– Not any potential for large saw mills
• Approximately 20 mills in Finland
• Approximately 30 mills in Sweden
– Small and medium sized saw mills:
• About 150 in Finland
• About 220 in Sweden
– Not any potential for micro mills (over 1000)
• Other use than saw mills are possible, but rather
exceptions
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Market potential - Conclusions
• Large demand for renewable energy sources
• Bio fuel indirectly fired micro turbine only
marginal
• Saw mills almost the only potential market
• Market potential max.:
– 160 Finland, approx.170M€ (20%: #32 35M€)
– 240 Sweden, approx.260M€ (20%: #48 51M€)
• Interested industrial partners for the development
of the micro turbine exist.
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Project reports and more information:
http://eny.hut.fi/research/process_integration/
bioifgt_Jan2004Dec2005/bioifgt_index.html