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CITY OF CAPE TOWN
RECREATION STUDY
RESEARCH REPORT
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JANUARY 2011
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A special thanks to all the community members who participated in focus groups and the survey.
Your time and input is much appreciated.
City of Cape Town project team:
Trevor Wright (project manager), Franklin Anthony, Alric Farmer, Melissa Witbooi, Ne-Ray Lubbe,
Mildred van der Heever, assisted by Karen Small
Mthente Research and Consulting Services research team:
Dr Mills Soko, Heidi Villa-Vicencio, Dr Birungi Korutaro, Jennie Tsekwa, Justin Du Toit
For further information relating to this research, including access to the raw data (in Excel or SPSS format), contact
Trevor Wright, Head: Research, Information and Facility Planning, Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities,
City of Cape Town, 021 400 3481, Trevor.Wright@capetown.gov.za
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Message from Gert Bam
DIRECTOR OF THE SPORT, RECREATION AND AMENITIES DEPARTMENT
The vision of the Sport, Recreation and Amenities Department of the City of Cape Town is to enhance the quality of
life of citizens and visitors through the provision of world class facilities and programmes. Recognising the importance
of recreation in achieving its vision, the department has commissioned this research to inform how we allocate our
limited resources in accordance with the needs of our communities. This will ultimately allow us to make an effective
contribution towards enhancing the quality of life of our people.
It gives me great pleasure to present this Recreation Research Study to you. In freely sharing this information, it is my
hope that many other organisations and institutions can apply the findings of this research to their own work, as we
are already doing, with the goal of better serving our communities in the metropolitan area of Cape Town. We
welcome your comments, and are open to discussion and suggestions. We as a department recognise the massive
positive effects of working together in partnership with each other, and I hope that this research can serve as a catalyst
to the formation of such partnerships and collaboration.
Many of the research findings confirm that many aspects of sport and recreation facilities, programmes and events
that we provide are well targeted, and are making a positive difference to the lives of many people, both young and
old. Conversely, some of the findings identify areas for improvement. My staff and I will not shy away from these challenges; we intend to address them head-on. To this end, the researchers have created a series of indicators, against
which we intend to measure the success or failure of the corrective actions we are already planning to take.
Serving a population of 3,6 million people in a metropolitan area covering 2500 sq km is not for the faint of heart!
Rest assured that Sport, Recreation and Amenities, and our political leadership, are serious about making a difference
in the lives of the communities we serve. I trust that you will find this research informative and useful.
Gert Bam
Director: Sport, Recreation & Amenities Department
City Council of Cape Town
021 400 5090
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Message from Brett Herron
MAYORAL COMMITTEE MEMBER FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES
I would like to congratulate Director Gert Bam and his research project team from Sport, Recreation and Amenities,
and our consultants for this project, Mthente Research and Consulting Services, for producing a valuable and timely
research report.
It is a proud moment for Cape Town, as the City is the first municipality in the Western Cape, and possibly South Africa,
to commission this type of research. It is an alarming fact that more than half of South Africans do not participate in
any type of sport and recreation at all. But with these research results and the way we plan to implement the findings,
Cape Town is one step ahead in improving the general health of its residents.
It was particularly insightful to learn from the research findings what type of facilities the communities prefer and what
sports and recreational they are most interested in. This is extremely helpful information for the City as it enables us
to give the communities the facilities and programmes they want and need, which more than 90% of the surveyed
adults said will lead them to participate in sports and physical activities. We are very excited about taking this research
further and turning Cape Town into a physically active, healthy city.
Brett Herron
Mayoral Committee member
City of Cape Town
021 400 4754
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Executive Summary
Very little research has been done to measure participation levels in sport and
recreation at a provincial and metropolitan levels in South Africa.
Such studies are essential to guide local government
departments in their provision of recreational facilities
and services based on what communities want and need.
assess participation levels and identify the barriers and
motivators to participation.
METHODOLOGY
Furthermore, previous research has shown that the lack
of recreation and the increase in sedentary lifestyles
among adults, and more worryingly among children, has
a detrimental impact on the physical, mental and social
health of a nation.
Thus, the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities (SRA), within the Department of Community
Services of the City of Cape Town, commissioned
Mthente Research and Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd to
conduct a baseline survey with Cape Town residents in
September 2010. The main aim of the survey was to
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
The research team utilised a combination of qualitative
and quantitative methods, including start up meetings
with SRA staff members, focus groups with residents,
one-on-one interviews with internal and external stakeholders and a quantitative survey with 1,500 residents.
The survey data is representative of the population of
Cape Town, with a weighting towards lower income
communities. As requested by the SRA, the data was
compared by gender, age, race and SES Index. District
comparisons are included in a separate appendix.
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PARTICIPATION LEVELS
TABLE 3: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION
Activity
Total
Aerobics/ fitness
4.4%
Aquarobics
0.3%
Atheletics/ track and field
1.2%
Badminton
0.4%
Basketball
0.7%
TABLE 1: ADULT PARTICIPATION
Snooker/ pool
2.0%
Adult Health and Participation
Boxing
0.8%
Canoeing/ kayaking
0.4%
Cricket (indoor or outdoor)
1.7%
As can be seen in the table below, participation levels in
Cape Town are relatively low considering the vast natural
resources of the City. Only 24.6% of adult residents
participate in physical activities in their spare time. Significantly more residents rate themselves as healthy even
though less than two in five adults exercise regularly.
Participate in physical activities in spare
time (i.e. when bored)
24.6%
Participate in sport and/or recreation
27.1%
Cycling
0.9%
7.6%
Dancing
1.0%
Darts
0.5%
Fishing
0.4%
Golf
0.8%
Gymnastics
1.0%
Hockey (indoor or outdoor)
0.2%
Horse riding
0.3%
Maritial arts/ karate
1.2%
Netball
3.1%
Rock climbing
0.2%
Rowing
0.1%
TABLE 2: CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION
Rugby
2.0%
Children’s Participation
Running
2.4%
Sailing
0.2%
Scuba diving
0.1%
7.4%
Belong to a sport club or team
Rate self as healthy
60.2%
Belong to a gym
10.5%
Regularly engage in physical exercise
36.9%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
According to their caretakers, approximately 45.9% of
children in Cape Town participate in physical activities
when they are bored. Slightly more children (66.4%)
participate in sport and recreation activities and 62.2%
regularly engage in physical exercise.
Participate in physical activities in spare
time (i.e. when bored)
45.9%
Participate in sport and/or recreation
66.4%
Soccer (indoor or outdoor)
Belong to a sport club or team
21.5%
Softball
Regularly engage in physical activity
62.2%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Table 3 provides adult participation levels in the most
common sport and recreation activities (arranged by
alphabetical order). As can be seen below, the most
common activities are soccer (7.4%), walking (5.6%),
aerobics/fitness (4.4%), netball (3.1%) and running
(2.4%). However, these participation levels varied significantly by demographic groups.
0.04%
Squash/ racquetball
0.2%
Surf sports
0.2%
Swimming
1.2%
Table Tennis
0.5%
Tennis (indoor or outdoor)
0.3%
Tenpin bowling
0%
Volleyball
0.1%
Walking
5.6%
Weight training
1.8%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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SATISFACTION WITH PROGRAMMES
SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
Overall 5.3% of residents said they participated in a City
programme in the past year. On average, 56.3% of the
residents that participated in City programmes are satisfied with the programmes.
Only 18.4% of residents know who to speak to for
information about recreational programmes in their
community. Even fewer residents have interacted with
recreation staff. Of those who have interacted with
recreation staff, an average of 59.6% are satisfied with
the staff. Areas for improvement are the ability of staff
to develop programmes and have relevant skills.
TABLE 4: PERCEPTIONS OF CITY PROGRAMMES
City Programmes
Participate in City programmes in past year
5.3%
TABLE 6: PERCEPTIONS OF RECREATION STAFF
Overall satisfaction with City programmes
56.3%
Recreation Staff
Satisfied with programmes’ ability to meet
community needs
55.2%
Knowledge of who to speak to about programmes
18.4%
Satisfied with programmes’ cost
58.5%
Have interacted with recreation staff
15.1%
Satisified with City’s marketing for programmes
53.5%
Overall satisfaction with recreation staff
59.6%
Satisfaction with the time of day programmes
are offered
58.0%
Satisfied with ability of recreation staff
to develop programmes
50.5%
Satisfied with availability of recreation staff
62.2%
Satisfied with skills of recreation staff
57.3%
Satisfied with attitude of recreation staff
towards the public
68.7%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES
The majority of residents are aware of the recreation
facilities in their communities. Approximately 49.0% feel
that the facilities benefit their community and on
average 54.5% are satisfied with the facilities. The areas
of least satisfaction are with the facilities’ costs, booking
procedures and management.
TABLE 5: PERCEPTIONS OF FACILITIES
Sport and Recreation Facilities
Knowledge of facilities in community
97.8%
Perception that facilities are benefiting
the community
49.0%
Overall satisfaction with facilities
54.5%
Satisfied with facility’s size
59.4%
Satisfied with facility’s cost
46.6%
Satisified with facility’s cleanliness/maintenance
58.4%
Satisfied with facility’s management
51.9%
Satisfied with facility’s location
60.6%
Satisfied with facility’s opening and closing times
57.9%
Satisfied with facility’s booking procedures
48.6%
Satisfied with facility’s accessibility for wheelchairs
52.7%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
BARRIERS AND MOTIVATIONS
In addition to the concerns highlighted by the ratings
above, residents highlighted the following top three
reasons for not participating in sport and recreation:
• Lack of facilities (51.3%).
• Lack of money (36.8%).
• Lack of time (27.1%).
For children, the same top two reasons were given, but
rather than lack of time, the third most common reason
was unsuitable facilities.
On a more positive note, residents identified the following
reasons why they participate in sport and recreation:
• For exercise/to stay healthy (94.3%).
• For enjoyment (88.7%).
• To relax (82.2%).
According to their caretakers, children are motivated to
participate in sport and recreation by the opportunity to
play, enjoy themselves and exercise/stay healthy.
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Overall, the top three benefits associated with sport and
recreation are:
• Providing opportunities to enjoy the outdoors (57.5%).
• Developing youth (54.0%).
• Improving health and wellness (53.7%).
As can be seen in Table 7, 89.3% of residents feel that
recreation is important for communities in Cape Town,
62.6% are interested in participating in City programmes
and 53.8% would like to volunteer for the City.
TABLE 7: ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT AND RECREATION
Attitudes towards Sport and Recreation
FIGURE 1: DESIRED FACILITIES
Multi-use game area
27.1%
Swimming pool
15.6%
Community hall
12.9%
Sports field
12.2%
9.3%
Parks
Play areas
5.3%
Golf courses
5.0%
Other
3.0%
Tennis court
2.9%
2.9%
Belief that recreation is important
89.3%
Picnic facilities
Belief that recreation is important compared
to other needs
85.1%
Basketball court
1.7%
Boating facilities
1.2%
Interested in participating in City programmes
62.6%
Fishing piers
0.8%
Interested in participating in recreation programmes
run by other organisations
63.2%
Interested in volunteering
53.8%
20%
0%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
DESIRED INTERVENTIONS
Residents most frequently identified the following ways
to increase participation among adults:
• Have programmes for all ages (91.8%).
• Make the area safe (91.0%).
• Introduce programmes that the community
wants (90.6%).
Residents looking after children most frequently identified
the following ways to increase participation among
children:
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
As can be seen in Figure 2 below, the majority of residents
prefer recreation programmes to be held in the afternoon.
FIGURE 2: PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR PROGRAMMES
Early morning
2.4%
12.1%
Morning
69.6%
Afternoon
15.1%
Evening
0.7%
Late at night
0%
• Have programmes for all ages (93.5%).
• Improve the condition of the facilities (93.2%).
• Introduce programmes that the community
wants (93.1%).
When asked what facilities they would like in their
communities, responses varied only slightly by demographic groups. Overall, the most common responses
were multi-use game areas, swimming pools, community halls, sports fields and parks (see Figure 1).
40%
20% 40% 60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Figure 3 (on the next page) provides a breakdown of the
percentage of residents that are interested in various
programmes offered by the City.
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CONCLUSIONS
FIGURE 3: DESIRED PROGRAMMES
Health and fitness
46.2%
43.7%
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
• Many Cape Town residents, including children, live
sedentary lives and rarely participate in sport and
recreation, which has serious consequences on
physical, mental and social health.
36.5%
27.2%
Games for seniors
Music
22.6%
Cricket
22.0%
Soccer
20.6%
Dance
20.3%
17.1%
Ball games
Learn to swim
• The majority of Cape Town residents, across race,
gender, age and socio-economic status, expressed a
desire for more recreation opportunities for all ages
in their communities.
17.0%
13.8%
10.5%
Netball
Street soccer
Dominoes
Cards
7.4%
6.8%
Inside and outside
6.6%
Gym
5.6%
Indigenous games
5.6%
Slippery slides
5.4%
5.4%
Egg and spoon races
• More priority needs to be given to recreation at
national, provincial and local government levels.
• Compared to other City services, satisfaction levels
with recreation services and facilities have not
increased over the past three years, suggesting the
need for more prioritisation at a City level.
• The demographic profile and responses of the
survey respondents suggest factors that influence
their involvement in sport and recreation.
5.0%
Beach games
Obstacle courses
4.7%
Face painting
4.5%
Rugby
Other
4.2%
• Preferred activities vary significantly by demographic
group.
4.0%
0%
20%
The following conclusions were drawn from the findings
and are discussed in more detail in the report:
40%
60%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
• There is a vast untapped market for involvement
since the majority of residents have not participated
in a City programme in the past year.
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Overall, residents prefer recreational programmes
that involve:
• Physical and mental fitness (94.0%).
• Enjoyment and relaxation (94.0%).
• Interaction with other communities (90.4%).
In receiving information about recreational programmes
and activities, the top three preferred communication
channels are:
• Street posters and billboards (89.2%).
• Radio programmes (87.2%).
• Word of mouth (85.1%).
• Most residents are aware of the facilities in their
community but do not feel that they are benefiting
the community as much as they could.
• Very few residents have interacted with recreation
staff, suggesting a huge need for more
engagement with the community.
• The barriers and motivators to participation include
both external factors and personal reasons, thus
requiring a multi-pronged approach.
• Interventions must vary according to the unique
needs of communities, while also keeping in mind
the common trends across all residents.
• The survey has confirmed the need for ongoing
research to assess the needs, behaviour and
preferences of residents and measure the impact of
sport and recreation.
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• The survey has also confirmed the importance of
agreeing upon a working definition of sport and
recreation.
• Plan according to the preferences expressed by
different demographic groups but look for ways to
increase social cohesion and integration.
• Reviewing international case studies provides
valuable lessons for the SRA.
• Market programmes more and tailor programmes
to meet the needs of communities, particularly for
all age groups.
• The study confirmed the need for partnerships
between the SRA and other Departments,
organisations and experts in the field.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following
interventions are recommended:
• To encourage more active lifestyles among adults
and children, increase participation in sport and
recreation through a social marketing campaign
aimed at knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
• Focus on informal recreation that builds
communities rather than primarily on formal sport.
• Advocate for sport and recreation to be given more
priority through national, provincial and City policies.
• Prioritise recreation alongside the City’s other
essential services.
• Address social problems through partnerships with
other departments, schools and community
organisations.
FIGURE 4: AFTERSCHOOL PROGRAMME IN REBECCA VAN AMSTERDAM HALL, ATLANTIS
(SOURCE: SRA)
• Upgrade old facilities, utilise and expand existing
facilities, build new facilities and focus on services
where funding is limited.
• Increase the visibility of recreation staff and provide
training on community engagement.
• Capitalise on the things that motivate residents to
participate in sport and recreation.
• Take a segmented approach in addressing barriers
and looking at desired interventions.
• Continue to engage in ongoing research within
the SRA.
• Agree upon a working definition of sport and
recreation to guide the SRA’s strategy
and programmes.
• Continue to benchmark the City’s facilities and
programmes against comparable international
examples.
• Form partnerships to aid the implementation of
necessary changes.
FIGURE 5: CAPE TOWN INTERNATIONAL SOCCER CHALLENGE
(SOURCE: SRA)
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Table of Contents
10
FOREWORDS
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4
LIST OF ACRONYMS
12
1.
INTRODUCTION – THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT AND RECREATION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Aim of the Research
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Report Structure
13
14
14
14
17
2.
DEFINING SPORT AND RECREATION
18
3.
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
Case Study 1: Botswana
Case Study 2: Singapore
Case Study 3: Ireland
Case Study 4: Wales
20
21
22
23
24
4.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT
4.1 National Trends in Sport and Recreation
4.2 Recreation Initiatives and Policies in the Western Cape
4.3 Sport and Recreation in the City of Cape Town
4.4 Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities
25
25
27
28
30
5.
PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS, HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES
5.1 Description of Respondents
5.2 Description of Households
5.3 Description of Communities
5.4 Summary of Chapter 5
32
32
34
35
36
6.
PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION
6.1 Adult Participation
6.2 Children’s Participation
6.3 Summary of Chapter 6
37
38
48
53
7.
PARTICIPATION IN CITY PROGRAMMES
7.1 Participation levels
7.2 Types of programmes
7.3 Satisfaction levels
7.4 Summary of Chapter 7
55
56
56
56
57
8.
USAGE & PERCEPTIONS OF FACILITIES
8.1 Facilities in Cape Town
8.2 Knowledge of facilities
8.3 Usage of facilities
8.4 Perceptions of the benefits of facilities for communities
8.5 Satisfaction with facilities
8.6 Summary of Chapter 8
59
60
61
62
62
63
64
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INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
9.1 Knowledge of recreation staff
9.2 Interaction with recreation staff
9.3 Satisfaction with recreation staff
9.4 Summary of Chapter 9
66
66
67
68
69
10. BARRIERS & MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATION
10.1 Adults’ reasons for and against participating
10.2 Children’s reasons for and against participating
10.3 Negative and positive experiences with sport and recreation
10.4 Attitudes towards sport and recreation
10.5 Summary of Chapter 10
71
72
75
77
78
80
11. DESIRED INTERVENTIONS
11.1 Encouraging participation among adult residents
11.2 Encouraging participation among children
11.3 Desired facilities and programmes
11.4 Preferences for programmes
11.5 Preferred communication channels
11.6 Preferred partners
11.7 Suggested interventions by stakeholders
11.8 Summary of Chapter 11
82
82
83
83
86
87
87
88
89
12. KPI SCORECARD & STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK
12.1 Key Performance Indicators
12.2 Measuring impact
12.3 Developing a successful recreation strategy
12.4 The City’s role
91
91
94
94
95
13. CONCLUSIONS
96
14. RECOMMENDATIONS
100
APPENDIX 1: STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS
103
APPENDIX 2: MAP OF EAS FOR HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
103
APPENDIX 3: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
104
APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISONS
128
APPENDIX 5: MAP OF SRA DISTRICTS
131
REFERENCES
132
ENDNOTES
134
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List of Acronyms
DCAS
DSR: WC
HSRC
IDP
MPP
PGWC
SANGALA
SES
SLA
SMPP
SRSA
SRA
SSC
UN
USA
WCED
12
Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport
Department of Sport and Recreation in the Western Cape
Human Sciences Research Council
Integrated Development Plan
Mass Participation Programme
Provincial Government of the Western Cape
South African National Games and Leisure Activities Programme
Socio-economic Status
Service Level Agreement
Siyadladla Mass Participation Programme
Sports and Recreation of South Africa
Sports, Recreation and Amenities
Singapore Sports Council
United Nations
United States of America
Western Cape Education Department
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Introduction:
The Importance of Sport and Recreation
1
Participation levels in physical activities in South Africa are currently very low,
according to recent research by organisations like the Human Sciences
Research Council (HSRC).1
A large percentage of South Africans very rarely, if ever,
participate in any kind of organised physical activity.
Instead, they prefer spending their leisure time listening
to music, watching TV, DVDs or videos, or socialising
with friends.2
The increase in sedentary lifestyles is particularly
concerning in terms of its consequences for South
Africa’s future – its children. International research
shows that there is a close link between recreation and
health. Among children, lack of physical activity is often
linked to obesity. In turn, obesity is linked to a variety of
serious diseases and metabolic disorders including Type
II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart
disease, gall bladder disease, respiratory diseases, various
cancers and osteoarthritis.3 In addition to causing obesity
and other serious illnesses, the lack of physical activity
and the increase in “videophilia” (i.e. the love of playing
video games, surfing the internet and watching movies
and television) has been shown to cause attention disorders, poor academic performance and lack of socialisation.4
Research has found that the further away recreation
facilities and activities are from children’s homes and the
less safe they are, the less likely children are to participate.5 Thus, even in a beautiful city like Cape Town, that
has an abundance of natural resources, many children
and adults stay indoors.
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Access to beaches and the mountain is difficult and
expensive for many. Similarly, the price of sport and
recreational equipment, gym memberships and facility
rentals is often prohibitive. The influence of gangs and
other safety concerns in many communities also
prevents residents from accessing recreational parks and
sports facilities.
leaders in their day to day interactions with communities, as well as to inform strategies at the highest level in
the SRA. More specifically, the report aims to:
Without increased support for outdoor recreation and
physical activities, South Africa’s health and social
services will be overwhelmed by the side-effects. Sport
and recreation is an essential service for the physical,
mental and social health of a nation.
• Quantify levels of participation and interest in sport
and recreation in communities.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The City of Cape Town views sport and recreation as a
“vital developmental tool to maximise social development through the provision of facilities and
programmes.”6 Yet faced with the reality described
above, what is the best approach for the City to
contribute to building active, strong and vibrant communities through sport and recreation? 7
• Provide information about the recreation activities
and needs of residents, including access to facilities
and barriers to the use of facilities.
• Quantify the barriers and enabling factors that will
allow for maximum use and benefit of Council
facilities (including resorts, sports grounds, indoor
sports centres, community halls and stadia)
and amenities.
• Identify and recommend opportunities for
Council/SRA to facilitate and assist community
recreation initiatives at Council facilities.
• Make recommendations for the SRA to influence
and attract the inactive population of the city to
become more active in informal sport and
recreation activities.
To answer this question, the City needed firsthand
feedback from households in Cape Town to find out
their current levels of participation and the barriers and
enabling factors that contribute to their use of recreation facilities and programmes run by the City.
The Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities
(SRA), located within the Department of Community
Services of the City of Cape Town, thus commissioned
Mthente Research and Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd to
conduct a baseline survey in September 2010 that would
be representative of the City’s approximate population of
3.5 million residents spread across the SRA’s six districts.
FIGURE 6: YOUTH ENJOYING RECREATION DURING PRINCE ALBERT'S VISIT TO
GUGULETHU, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
1.2 AIM OF THE RESEARCH
1.3 METHODOLOGY
Due to the fact that the City’s formal sporting codes are
generally well resourced and provided for, the research
focused on less-resourced communities and residents
who are not involved in formal sports.
The aim of this report is to provide guidance for area
managers, recreation officers, facility officers and play
The research team used a combination of qualitative and
quantitative research methodologies. These included
desktop research, consultations with SRA staff, focus
groups with Cape Town residents, stakeholder interviews with experts in the field, and a quantitative
baseline survey with 1 500 metro residents.i
i. For more information about the methodology used to undertake the study, please contact Mthente Research and Consulting Services at 021 674 0504.
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1.3.1 Desktop research
To gain an understanding of sport and recreation locally
and internationally, the research team reviewed:
• International definitions of sport and recreation;
• International case studies of sport and
recreation interventions;
FIGURE 7: RESEARCH PROJECT TEAM MEETING (SOURCE: SRA)
• National and provincial policies in South Africa;
1.3.4 Exploratory focus groups
• SRA strategy documents and job descriptions.
The key contextual insights from this review are captured
in Chapters 3 and 4 of the report.
1.3.2 Consultations
At the beginning of the project, exploratory workshops
were held with recreation officers, play leaders, facility
managers, area managers and district managers. The
purpose of the workshops was to gain buy-in for the
research, as well as to ensure that the outcomes of the
research would be relevant to those working in the field
and in the SRA’s offices.
Before conducting the household survey, six focus
groups, with a total of 93 participants, were held to
explore the topics that would be covered in the survey
and to provide a forum for communities to discuss their
experiences with sport and recreation.
The criteria for selecting the communities were:
• Evenly spread across SRA’s 6 districts.
• A range of SES indexes (4 low, 2 high).
The six sites are indicated in the table below.
TABLE 8: SRA DISTRICT AND SES INDEX OF FOCUS
GROUP SITES
1.3.3 Identification of an appropriate
socio-economic indicator
While some studies use the Living Standard Measure
(LSM) as a socio-economic indicator, the City of Cape
Town uses the Socio-economic Status (SES) Index to
measure the social and economic well-being of communities. It is derived from four indicators: 1) income levels;
2) educational attainment; 3) unemployment levels; and
4) percentage of the labour force in unskilled occupations.
SRA District
SES Index
Atlantis
1
46.20
Claremont
2
9.38
Delft
4
60.81
Khayelitsha
3
66.29
Lwandle
6
74.23
Observatory ii
1
14.73
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
For the purposes of this research and other studies
conducted by the City, communities that score 40 and
above are considered low income, while communities
that score below 40 are considered middle to upper
income.8 The selection of SES Index for this study allows
for greater comparability with other City studies.
To ensure substantial representation of the communities
in most dire need, the research was weighted in favour
of lower income areas – four of the six focus groups
took place in lower income areas and 70% of the quantitative interviews took place in lower income areas.
FIGURE 8: DELFT FOCUS GROUP (SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010)
ii. Two attempts were made to hold a focus group in Durbanville to represent District 5. When these were not successful, Observatory was substituted as
another upper income area. Thus, two focus groups were held in District 1.
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Following each focus group, a detailed transcript of the
discussion was captured electronically and coded for key
themes. A short case study was then written up for each
community. These case studies are included in Chapters
6 to 11 of the report. The themes have also been used
to add richness to the quantitative findings.
1.3.5 Stakeholder interviews
Throughout the course of the research, one-on-one
interviews were held with key internal and external
stakeholders, including PGWC and City officials,
community members and academics in the field of sport
and recreation.
The purpose of these interviews was to gain expert
opinions on what is working well in the City and where
improvements can be made. A complete list of the
stakeholders that were interviewed is included in
Appendix 1.
1.3.6 Household survey
Following the qualitative fieldwork, the research team
developed a quantitative questionnaire in collaboration
with the SRA. Once approved, the English questionnaire
was translated into Xhosa and Afrikaans. Cognitive testing
of the questionnaires was then undertaken to ensure that
the questions were easy to comprehend and able to
gather the information required by the Department.
Page 16
3.5%.iv In other words, if the survey was repeated 100
times, 99 of the surveys would have results ranging
within 3.5% of the average of all the results.
To select the households, starting points were chosen
randomly in 250 Enumeration Areas (EAs) and specific
houses were selected based on a sampling interval (see
Appendix 2 for a map of the EAs).v A Kish grid was then
used to randomly select a respondent from within each
household.vi It was agreed with the Department that
only individuals 16 years and older should be interviewed. However, these individuals were also asked to
comment on the sport and recreation behaviour and
preferences of younger members of the household.
In preparation for the fieldwork, Mthente trained its
team of fieldworkers on the objectives of the study,
providing them with a letter of introduction from the
Department and full orientation to the questionnaire.
To ensure the quality of the data, call backs were made
to 15% of the respondents. The questionnaires and
the data capturing were also screened by in-house
quality controllers.
Using official population statistics, Mthente drew a stratified random sample that employed Population
Proportional to Size (PPS) stratification to ensure
adequate representation for SRA district and SES Index.
This constituted the explicit stratification criteria for the
sampling design. Implicitly, the sample was also stratified
according to race, gender and age to ensure further
representivity. As mentioned earlier, the sample was
weighted in favour of lower income areas.iii
As of 2007, there were an estimated 3.5 million residents in Cape Town.9 Thus, Mthente interviewed 1 500
respondents to achieve 99% certainty that the true or
actual scores of the population will only deviate from
the scores achieved in the survey by a maximum of
FIGURE 9: SURVEY FIELDWORK (SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010)
iii. Weighting is a technique used to assure representation of sub- groups in the sample. Data for underrepresented cases are weighted to compensate for
their small numbers, making the sample a better representation of the population.
iv. i.e. the confidence level for the sample was 99% and the margin of error was 3.5%.
v. EAs are the demarcated areas used by Stats SA to carry out the Census. Based on best practice, six interviews were conducted per EA.
vi. A Kish grid is a grid of random numbers that is used to randomly select a member of a household. It is used when conducting a survey that requires a
random probability sample, and where more than one person in the household may qualify to be a respondent.
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FIGURE 10: RECREATION FESTIVAL, MITCHELLS PLAIN, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
1.3.7 Analysis and Development of Key
Performance Indicators
1.4 REPORT STRUCTURE
The report is structured as follows:
Following the desktop research and fieldwork, the qualitative and quantitative data was analysed according to
the following themes:
• Chapter 2 presents a working definition of sport
and recreation.
• Levels of involvement in sports and recreation
facilities and activities.
• Chapter 3 provides a brief desktop review of
international case studies.
• The current state of facilities, amenities and
programmes in the City.
• Chapter 4 looks at South Africa’s policies and their
relevance for the SRA.
• Barriers and enabling factors that contribute to
participation in recreation activities and facilities.
• Chapters 5-11 discusses the findings from the
focus groups and survey.
• Preferences and recommendations for recreation
activities and facilities in Cape Town.
• Chapter 12 provides a scorecard of key
performance indicators.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were then developed
for the Department to use for future tracking. These are
highlighted in the body of the report and summarised in
Chapter 12.
• Chapters 13-14 discusses conclusions and
recommendations for the City.
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Defining Sport and Recreation
Defining key terms is critical for marketing, developing strategies and defining
roles and responsibilities.
However, when it comes to the subject matter of this
study, agreeing on definitions is no easy task. The terms
‘sport’ and ‘recreation’ are defined in many different
ways around the world.
For example, in Istanbul, recreation is defined as the
“activities that people choose to engage in when at
leisure, and it may be multifaceted, comprising physical,
cognitive, emotional and social component.”10
In Australia, the definition is much broader. Sports and
physical recreation activities are defined as “all types of
activity other than gardening, housework, manual
labouring and other forms of occupational physical
activity.”11 There are a range of definitions in South Africa
as well. Unfortunately, many of the definitions used in
policy documents aren’t very clear. For example, the
National Sport and Recreation Act of 1998 states that
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
“recreation service means a recreation service whose
primary business it is to present recreation services.”12
In preliminary workshops and stakeholder interviews,
SRA staff members agreed on some basic differences
between sport and recreation. In summary:
• Sport refers to formal, structured activities with a
prescribed set of sporting codes.
• Recreation refers to informal, unstructured, leisure
activities which allow for mass participation, but
can also be done on an individual level.
Many felt, however, that the two were not mutually
exclusive but could rather be found on a continuum.
Based on this feedback and a wide review of available
definitions, the SRA project team supplied the
following definition, to be tested against the findings
from the survey.
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CAPE TOWN STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA)
Recreation encompasses leisure activities people undertake for
enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and well-being,
and/or to restore and challenge their self-perception.
Recreation encompasses leisure activities people undertake for enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and
well-being, and/or to restore and challenge their self-perception. Recreation activities can be either active – involving
the participant in doing an activity – or passive – involving the participant in watching others involved in activity.
Active recreation includes:
• Sport – physical activity with rules, an element of competition and an organised structure;
• Informal sporting activity – ‘fun’ physical activities where no competition is organised;
• Outdoor recreation – physical activities that use the natural physical environment, such as walking,
mountain biking, surfing or jogging;
• Indoor recreation – activities that are organised at indoor recreation facilities and require at least an
increase in normal body movement.
Passive recreation includes:
• Watching live sport;
• Playing games that don’t increase normal body movement;
• Attending concerts, theatre, cinemas and cultural events.
Adapted from: Wellington’s Recreation Strategic Plan; www.wellington.govt.nz/plans/policies/recstrat/index.htm
As mentioned above, definitions are important, not only
to inform how the Department markets and educates
people about the facilities and programmes it offers, but
also for internal planning and understanding of roles
and responsibilities.
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SOCCER FIELD IN IRELAND
3
International Context
As early as 1948, the United Nations (UN) recognised recreation as a fundamental
human right which all governments should make available to their people.
The UN’s Declaration of Human Rights states that,
“Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including
reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.”vii Paying attention to particularly vulnerable groups, the UN passed several articles which call for
the participation of women and children in recreation.
Specific to the participation of children in
recreation, the UN “recognises the right of
the child to rest and leisure, to engage in
recreational activities appropriate to the age
of the child and to participate freely in
cultural life and the art.”
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child,
2 September 1990
vii. Article 24 of the UN, Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948).
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
In attempts at eliminating all forms of
discrimination against women, the UN
stated that “State Parties shall take
appropriate measure to eliminate
discrimination against women in other
areas of economic and social life in order to
ensure, on a basis of equality of men and
women, the same rights, in particular, and
among others the right to participate in
recreational activities, sports and all aspects
of cultural life.”
Article 13 of the UN, Convention on the Elimination of all Forms
of Discrimination Against Women, 18 December 1979
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A review of information on sport and recreation in countries across the world reveals that recreation is managed
and facilitated in many different ways depending on
how it is defined. For example, in the United States of
America (USA) recreation is associated with parks (i.e.
parks and recreation) where as in India it is associated
with tourism (i.e. recreation and tourism). Internationally,
recreation is rarely discussed on its own. Similarly, in the
South African context, recreation is almost always
discussed in relation to sport.
To gain insights into the way other countries manage
recreation and encourage participation, the research
team identified four case studies in Botswana, Singapore, Wales and Ireland.viii These were selected based on
the following criteria:
• The countries/programmes have similar objectives to
those of the SRA which, among others, aims to
increase the level of participation in
recreation activities.
• The case studies give an insight into why some
communities do not participate in recreation
activities and how their respective government
departments tried to address low levels
of participation.
Each case study provides a brief snapshot of countryspecific interventions that aimed to increase levels of
participation in sport and recreation, as well as applications for the SRA.
FIGURE 12: RUGBY PLAYER IN BOTSWANA (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
CASE STUDY 1: BOTSWANA
In 2004, the African Journal of Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance assessed sports and
recreation participation in three communities in
Botswana: (1) Molepole; (2) Serowe and (3) Masunga. A
survey was used to gather information about participation in sports and recreation activities, including the use
of integrated sports facilities and the reasons for low
participation in sports and recreation activities.ix
This study revealed low levels of participation in noncompetitive sports and recreation activities.13 In some
areas, there was virtually no participation, while the
highest level of participation in any of the surveyed areas
was only 47.4%.
FIGURE 11: FAMILY ENJOYING RECREATION (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
viii. The research team found limited research that could provide sufficient information for the case studies; thus, two studies were taken from the UK.
ix. A total of 438 persons (228 men and 210 women) aged between 18 to 40 years were randomly selected to participate in the study.
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The study found that participation in sports and recreation was low in these communities due to:
• Lack of awareness of recreation activities.
• Limited sport and recreation promotion within
these communities.
CASE STUDY 2: SINGAPORE
In 2001, the Singapore Sports Council (SSC) assessed
the physical activity patterns among males and females
nationally.14 It was found that Singaporeans were
spending less time on physical activities. More time was
being spent on leisure time activities in sedentary
• A shortage of sports and recreational facilities.
• Lack of capacity (i.e. sport and recreation staff) to
run programmes in these communities.
The following actions were therefore recommended in
these communities:
• Introduce various sport and recreation programmes.
• Construct additional sports and recreation facilities
that are accessible to all members of
the community.
• Implement health and wellness programmes
through sport and recreation.
• Train existing staff and new personnel in sports and
recreation activities.
Unfortunately, the Botswana assessment did not provide
information on the impact of these recommendations
on levels of participation in the three surveyed communities. However, there are still relevant applications for
the SRA.
The Botswana case study is relevant to the
City of Cape Town because it:
• Highlights reasons for low participation
levels in sports and recreation in another
African country.
• Provides possible solutions to these low
levels of participation.
• Demonstrates the importance of impact
assessments to measure whether
research recommendations have
positive results.
FIGURE 13: BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN SINGAPORE (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
pursuits such as watching television, spending time on
the computer and driving cars, rather than activities
requiring human power.15 A year later, the SSC reported
that on average only 38% of Singaporeans participated
in sports.
To increase the levels of participation, the Sports Council
committed itself to:
• Understanding the link between lifestyle choices
and sports participation.
• Customising sports awareness programmes for
different segments in order to expand their reach.
• Implementing sport programmes specifically for
women, children, youth and working adults.
As a result of these initiatives, the National Sports Participation Survey in 2005 showed a marked improvement
in participation levels, with an average of almost 50% of
all Singaporeans doing some form of sports each week.
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However, the percentage of female involvement was still
lower than that of males, with about 42% of all women
in Singapore participating in some kind of sports once a
week, in contrast to 55% of men.16
Despite the improvement between 2001 and 2005, the
participation rates reflect the hard reality for most
women with children. According to the study, women
remain the traditional caregiver in most families in Singapore, which limits the time they can spend engaging in
sport and recreation.
The Singapore case study is relevant to the
City of Cape Town because it:
• Shows the need to look at both male
and female participation in sports.
• Quantifies the impact that sport and
recreation interventions can have on
national levels of participation.
• Highlights societal gender roles and the
impact these have on participation levels.
FIGURE 15: SOCCER FIELD IN IRELAND (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
Teenspace was aimed at young people between the
ages of 12 and 18, and provided a strategic framework
for the promotion of better recreational opportunities
for this age group. Teenspace was developed with input
from various government departments and agencies, all
of which would play a crucial role in the delivery of the
policy. A strong emphasis was placed on youth work in
Dublin, specifically with teenage girls, as Teenspace
aimed to identify the motivators and barriers to participation in physical activity. It was found that a significant
reason why young people cease to participate in youth
work (particularly as they get older) was the absence of
opportunities to participate in decision-making.
To address the teens’ desires for more involvement in
decision-making, the North West Health Board, in
collaboration with the Donegal Sports Partnership and
Sligo Sport and Recreation Partnership, worked with 19
schools to promote active involvement in decisionmaking for girls in programmes promoting participation
in physical activities. The girls were involved in the
following ways:
• Consulting with other students on the choices of
activities to be offered.
• Recruiting the providers of programmes, such as
yoga, dance and swimming.
FIGURE 14: TRACK IN SINGAPORE (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
• Promoting the programmes in their schools.
CASE STUDY 3: IRELAND
Due to serious concerns regarding the physical activity
levels of young people in Ireland, the Minister for Health
and Children published the National Recreation Policy
for Young People in 2007 with the aim to promote
better recreational opportunities for young people
between 12 years and 18 years.17 This was followed by
the development of the National Children’s Strategy, also
called “Teenspace.”
• Becoming active participants in reviewing
the activities.
It is notable that the action points were focussed on the
grassroots development of physical activities with the
aim of sustainability through the involvement of the
beneficiaries. Unfortunately, the government departments that were involved have not published
information on the impact of these actions on the levels
of participation of girls in physical activities.
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This Ireland case study is relevant to the
City of Cape Town because it:
• Provides recommendations on ways to
increase levels of participation among
young people, with an emphasis on
teen girls.
• Suggests a possible approach that aims
to ensure sustainability in the
participation levels of young people in
physical activities, through partnerships
with schools and the active involvement
of young people in decision making.
• Recommends a cooperative strategy
between various government
departments and agencies, all of which
play an important role in the delivery
of programmes.
CASE STUDY 4: WALES
Unlike the other case studies, the county of Ceredigion in
Wales reports satisfactory participation levels in sport,
recreation and leisure, yet still highlights Council objectives
for maintaining and increasing levels of participation.x The
Ceredigion County Council developed the Strategy for
Sport and Leisure 2006-2010 with the aim of ensuring the
continued provision of high quality, effective and efficient
recreation, sport and leisure within Ceredigion.18 This
strategy thus provides the basis for planned policies, objectives and actions for a five year period. In increasing
participation within Ceredigion, the Ceredigion County
Council Recreation services implemented specific objectives. Amongst others, these objectives included:
• Encouraging the development of a wide and varied
range of sport, recreation and leisure activities that
targets all sectors of the community and is
affordable and accessible.
• Providing suitable levels of sport, recreation and
leisure training and encouraging the development
of talented sports people.
• Developing talented junior sports people and ensuring
the development of coaches, as well as encouraging
the support of volunteers in sports and recreation.
• Encouraging more participation by women and
girls, as well as people with disabilities, in sports
and recreation.
• Improving current facilities and developing new
ones that are needed by, and attractive to, all
members of the community.
• Promoting physical activity that is not facility-based
such as walking, cycling and other outdoor activities.
• Marketing and promoting Ceredigion Council
provisions through working partnerships.
Although the Ceredigion County Council has published
its Physical Activity Plan 2007-2011, it does not provide
any information on the impact of the above objectives
on the participation of the community in sport, recreation and leisure within Ceredigion. However, it is
notable that they have continued to be pro-active even
after reaching satisfactory levels of participation.
This Wales case study is relevant to the City
of Cape Town because it:
• Provides objectives that aim to maintain
and ensure participation levels among a
range of target groups.
• Highlights the need for developing
working partnerships to increase the
opportunities for residents to participate
in active sport, recreation and
leisure activities.
FIGURE 16: KAYAKING IN WALES (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
x. Unfortunately, they did not provide specific statistics, but note that their benchmark is to increase participation by 1% every year.
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FIGURE 19: LE PETIT TENNIS 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
The South African Context
4
The following chapter explores policies and previous research in the area of
sport and recreation in South Africa.
4.1 NATIONAL TRENDS IN SPORT
AND RECREATION
4.1.1 National preferences and barriers
influencing participation
In June 2008, the HSRC assessed participation levels
among South Africans in sport and recreation activities.19
More than half of the South Africans that participated in
the national survey (58%) said that they never engage in
physical activities.XI
The HSRC results show that the favourite leisure activities of the majority of South Africans are listening to
music, watching TV, DVDs or videos and socialising with
friends.23 The results showed that younger people in
South Africa are more likely to participate in sport than
older people – the 18 to 34 year-old age group is three
times more likely to participate in sport than the 35 to
54 year-old age group.24 Furthermore, males are three
times more likely to participate in sport than women.
Only 15.5% said they participate in physical activities
several times a week. This is very low compared to
Australia where 66% of residents (aged 15 years and
older) participated in some form of sport or physical
recreation more than twice each week in 2005/2006,20
Singapore where 50% of residents were participating
in sport every week in 2005 (see earlier case study) 21
and Botswana where up to 47.4% of residents in
some communities participate in non-competitive
sport and recreation.22
Racial segregation, according to the HSRC study, still
plays a dominant role in sport participation. The survey
results suggest that white South Africans are three times
more likely to participate in sport than coloured people,
and twice as likely as black and Indian residents.25 In
contrast, 72% of coloured respondents reported that
they never participate in any kind of physical activity.
xi. The survey was conducted among 2 907 respondents 16 years and older and is representative of households in South Africa.
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4.1.2 National policies and legislation
To further understand the reasons why participation
levels are low in South Africa, one must turn to national
policies and legislation. There are numerous South
African policies and legislation related to sport and recreation, but few appear to actually focus on recreation
itself. Some of the national policies and legislation that
were reviewed include:
FIGURE 17: YOUTH WATCHING TV (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
With regard to socio-economic status (SES), the more
affluent tend to participate in sport more often than
those with lower incomes. Participation in physical activities seems to increase dramatically once personal
income levels exceed R3 001, but drop again for those
that earn more than R10 000 per month.26
When asked about the value of sport and its role in
society, about nine out of ten people agreed that sport
develops children’s character, and just over 85% indicated that they thought that sport brings different
groups and races in South Africa together.27
However, respondents identified the following problems,
which contribute to low levels of participation:
• Lack of infrastructure and enough funding to meet
the financial demands of organised sport.
• Limited time during the day to participate in sport.
• Health problems which inhibit people from
participating in sport.
The HSRC therefore suggested that in order to increase
participation in sport among South Africans, there needs
to be:
• A shift in emphasis to sport that requires minimum
financial outlay and infrastructure which could lead
to an increase in participation.
• A focus on the activity, rather than the facilities or
lack thereof, to increase possibilities for
participation at school level.28
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
• The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
of 1996.
• National Sport and Recreation Act of 1998.
• National Department of Sport and Recreation White
Paper of 1998.
• National Sport and Recreation Strategic Plan
2009-2013.
• Youth Fitness and Wellness Charter.
Generally, these documents express support for sport
and recreation in the following ways:
• Articulating the right of children and women to
recreation and physical activity.
• Noting the need for sport and recreation facilities
and activities to be accessible to communities.
• Promoting partnerships with stakeholders in
developing strategies related to the provision of
sport and recreation.
• Supporting the physical, social and emotional
development of children and youth through sport
and recreation.
Few policies appear to discuss recreation in terms of
specific ways to increase participation levels across
different age groups. Yet the National Sport and Recreation Act (1998) and the National Sport and Recreation
Strategic Plan (2009-2013) do talk about broadening the
participation base of sports and recreation generally in
South Africa.
The Strategic Plan places emphasis on providing national
support and strategic action to increase the number of
participants in sport and recreation in South Africa.29 It
suggests that this should be done through:
• Community Mass Participation: Aimed at
coordinating and building capacity in mass
participation programmes in identified hubs,
schools and communities; promoting special
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projects focused on HIV and AIDS; promoting the
participation of women, disabled participants and
senior citizens in sport and recreation.
• School Sport: Aimed at coordinating, supporting,
funding, monitoring and reporting on mass based
school sporting activities and national school sport
competitions.
The objectives of these measures are to:
• Improve delivery of the mass participation
programme in provinces by monitoring and
supporting all provincial departments in the delivery
of their mass sport and recreation activities.
• Increase the number of participants in sport and
recreation by 20% by hosting more festivals, social
mobilisation programmes and sport tournaments in
2009/2010.30
Although the new Strategic Plan (2010-2014) presented
to the Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation
continues to focus on mass participation, it tries to
narrow the gap between mass participation and high
performance programmes. Its goal is to develop a transformed society by strengthening its relationship with the
Department of Basic Education in the delivery of school
sports programmes.31
4.2.1 Provincial initiatives
In a speech on 26 March 2010, Sakkie Jenner, the
Western Cape Minister of Cultural Affairs, Sport and
Recreation, stated that sport and recreation provide an
alternative to the social issues that plague many
communities in the Western Cape. School sport is
therefore critical in providing access to sport for as
many young people as possible.34 The Minister further
stated that, during 2010/2011, two mass participation
centres will be established in each of the 49 Western
Cape Education Department and School Sports Circuits,
which will provide a total of 98 School Sport-based
mass participation centres.35
The main purpose of these mass participation and high
performance centres will be to:
• Create access and opportunity with regard to afterschool hours sport and recreation activities for all
school going learners.
• Develop the skills and capacity of potential athletes
at a very young age.
• Use these platforms to instill social awareness
messages (e.g. anti-crime, anti-drug, and HIV and
AIDS message).
Prior to this, the Directorate: School Sport had been
established within the Chief Directorate: Mass Participation to promote the role of School Sport in recreation.32
This Directorate consists of Competitive School Sport
and Mass Participation in School Sport programmes. It
reaches about 1 600 schools nationally and focuses on
capacity-building, providing sports equipment for use at
events and sustaining the programme by supporting
local sports assistants and local leagues and providing
logistical support.33
4.2 RECREATION INITIATIVES AND
POLICIES IN THE WESTERN CAPE
Current participation statistics are not readily available
at a provincial level for the Western Cape. However, a
review of recent initiatives and policies helps paint a
picture of the structures that influence the Department
of Sport, Recreation and Amenities in Cape Town.
FIGURE 18: MUIZENBERG BEACH DISABLED BEACH WHEELCHAIR LAUNCH 2010
(SOURCE: SRA)
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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Previously, Mass Participation Programmes (MPP) were
launched in 2005 to facilitate access to sport and recreation for as many South Africans as possible, especially
those from historically disadvantaged communities. In the
Western Cape, it is driven by 45 hubs, which are spread
across the province.36 The highlight of these programmes
is the June/July Winter Indigenous Games and the
Summer Games which take place during the December
holidays. The Siyadladla Mass Participation Programme
(SMPP) has been particularly successful and is known as
the cradle of community sport in South Africa.37
4.2.2 Provincial policies
Similar to the national policies mentioned in the previous
pages, there are some provincial policies relating to
sports and recreation, but few that focus on recreation
itself. These provincial documents include:
• Constitution of the Western Cape of 1998.
• Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and
Sport (DCAS), Strategic Plan 2005/06-2009/10.
• Memorandum of Agreement for School Sport.
These documents make specific reference to providing
sport and recreation for children. The Constitution of the
Western Cape (1998) clearly states that the Western Cape
government should protect and promote the interest of
children in the Western Cape, in particular with regards
to: a) Health services; b) Education; c) Welfare services; d)
Recreation and amenities, and e) Sport.38
The DCAS states that the role of the Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation in the Western Cape is to
ensure that the promotion of sport and recreation in the
Western Cape is consistent with the guidelines outlined
by national and provincial policies. Beyond this role, the
DCAS does not appear to provide any indication of how
recreation should be promoted on a provincial level.
• Assisting with the development of educators with
regard to School Sport-related opportunities.
The Memorandum also says that the DCAS should assist
with the promotion and organisation of mass participation events and/or activities in and for schools, upon
request. Similarly, the WCED should create a safe and
secure environment for mass participation in school
sport activities.
4.3 SPORT AND RECREATION IN THE CITY
OF CAPE TOWN
As with provincial statistics, current levels of participation in Cape Town are not readily available. However, a
socio-economic survey was conducted in 2005 in the
areas of Mitchell’s Plain and Khayelitsha, which revealed
that 72% of the respondents in Khayelitsha felt that
recreational facilities are the least accessible facility in
their community. In Mitchell’s Plain, 19% of the respondents rated recreational facilities in their community as
dissatisfactory.39
4.3.1 City policies
Similar to the national and provincial policies on sport
and recreation, few City policies appear to discuss recreation on its own or how to increase participation levels
specifically. However, the City of Cape Town’s Sport and
Recreation Policy views sport and recreation as a “vital
developmental tool to maximise social development
through the provision of facilities and programmes.” It
aims to use sport and recreation to help address the
social needs of all members of society, especially that of
youth, women, children, the disabled and other marginalised groups within communities.”40
In the Memorandum of Agreement for School Sport, it
states that there should be cooperation between the
DCAS and schools in the following ways:
• Establishing a working relationship in order to
promote and enhance school sport in the Western
Cape Province.
• Creating an environment for mass participation and
good governance.
• Developing and supporting young talent through
the provision of high performance services.
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FIGURE 19: KIDDIE RACE AT RECREATION FEST IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
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4.3.2 City satisfaction levels
To contextualise the results of the Recreation Survey for
the City of Cape Town, the following section briefly
reports on the results of the City’s annual Community
Satisfaction Survey. Conducted each year with Cape Town
residents and businesses, the satisfaction survey aims to
assess levels of satisfaction with services supplied by the
City of Cape Town and the effectiveness of City interventions.42 As can be seen in Table 9, overall satisfaction levels
appear to have risen over the past three years.
TABLE 9: SATISFACTION LEVELS WITH THE CITY OF
CAPE TOWN
2007/8
2008/9
2009/10
Satisfied with
City’s performance
50%
54%
57%
Satisfied with City’s
fulfillment of its role
as public service provider
46%
54%
57%
Trust the City
of Cape Town
50%
61%
66%
SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010
FIGURE 20: KHAYELITSHA COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE (SOURCE: SRA)
The Sport and Recreation Policy notes that the aim of
the City’s Sport and Recreation programmes is to
“develop, promote and provide sport and recreation
programmes in accordance with the strategic objectives
of the city.”41 However, minimal attention is awarded to
recreation in the City’s strategic plans.
For example, in the ‘5 Year Plan for Cape Town: Integrated Development Plan (IDP 2007/08-2011/12),’ sport
and recreation is only briefly discussed in Strategic Focus
Area 7: Health, Social and Community Development. It
states that community amenities and facilities should be
used to prevent anti-social behaviour, with the City
maintaining community facilities to provide equitable,
easy access.
In addition to promoting recreational programmes, the
Sport and Recreation Policy states the following additional objectives:
The 2009/10 report noted that essential services (water,
refuse collection, sanitation, roads and lighting) are an
area of strength for the City, except in the area of affordability of electricity. Community services (which include
recreation facilities) have remained unchanged or only
shown small improvements. According to the report,
“These services do not have a large impact on how residents rate the City overall.”43 However, the results of the
Recreation Study, discussed in the findings section of this
report, suggest that these services do impact significantly on the quality of life of Cape Town residents and
their perceptions of the City.
Table 10 (on the next page) shows the relative scores of
various services (with 2 being low and 3 and above
being high). Services that scored a 2.5 or lower in
2009/10 are highlighted in yellow in the table. Services
that fall under the Department of Sport and Recreation
are highlighted in orange.
• To provide and manage facilities which promote
equitable access in a sustainable manner.
• To optimise sport and recreation as a developmental
tool towards the social well-being of the city.
• To coordinate contribution of sport and recreation to
a major event strategy for the City of Cape Town.
FIGURE 21: HIV/AIDS AWARENESS (SOURCE: SRA)
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4.4 DEPARTMENT OF SPORT, RECREATION
AND AMENITIES
TABLE 10: COMPARISON OF SATISFACTION WITH
CITY SERVICES
2007/8
2008/9
2009/10
Water provision
3.3
3.3
3.4
Electricity
Sewerage/ sanitation
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.2
Refuse collection
3.0
3.1
3.2
Storm water
Street lights
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
Roads
2.3
2.4
2.5
Libraries
3.3
3.3
3.3
Recreation and
community centres
3.0
2.9
3.0
Civic halls
3.0
3.0
3.0
Parks
2.3
2.3
2.4
Beaches
2.9
2.8
2.9
Stadiums
2.9
2.9
3.0
Swimming pools
2.8
2.7
2.8
Cemeteries
2.7
2.7
2.9
Sports fields
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
Essential Services
Community facilities
Law enforcement
Law enforcement
Environment and Conservation
3.0
Nature reserves
Environment
2.8
2.8
Cleanliness of
urban environment
2.7
2.6
Tourism
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.2
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.6
Fire and Emergency Services
Fire and Emergency
Health Services
Health
Housing
Housing
Town Planning and Building Development
Town Planning and
Building Development
2.6
2.5
2.5
Public Transport
Public Transport
2.7
2.7
2.9
SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010
As can be seen in the table, housing is ranked worst of all
the services, followed by parks, roads, health services and
town planning/ building development. Of the facilities
and services that fall under the Department of Sport and
Recreation, stadiums are the only ones perceived to have
improved since the survey was first conducted in 2007.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
To meet the objectives outlined earlier, the Department
of Sport, Recreation and Amenities is situated within the
overarching framework of social development, alongside parks and libraries. Its vision is to enhance the
quality of life of communities through the provision of
world-class facilities and programmes, contributing to
Cape Town being recognised as a “world-class sport and
recreation destination.”44
The Department provides opportunities for community
involvement and shared management of resources. It
contributes to building the nation, and strives to have a
positive impact on the general fibre of society through:45
•
•
•
•
Effective service delivery in communities.
Management of sport and recreation facilities.
Sport and recreation programmes.
Partnerships with stakeholders who play a role in
sport and recreation.
In the Departmental Business Plan 2010/2011, the
following were highlighted as core functions within SRA:
• Facilities Management and Maintenance: This
includes water based amenities; public amenities;
halls; stadia.
• Development Programmes: This includes the
mobile Come and Play units with core permanent staff
utilising a significant amount of volunteers; permanent
staff at Community Recreation Centres and Indoor
Sports Centres; the provision of grassroots community
outreach sports development programmes.
• Partnership Management: This includes
facilitation of outside service organisations using
facilities, for example, sports federations
implementing grassroots development at facilities;
financial assistance (that is, Service Level
Agreements - SLAs) .
• Community Based Events: This includes support
and coordination.
• Volunteer Programmes: This involves volunteer
development and deployment.
• Major Events: This includes event coordination
and support.
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These core functions are carried out by SRA district
mangers, area managers, facility officers, recreation
officers and play leaders. Key duties of district managers
and area managers include, amongst others: strategy,
planning and policy development, performance and
personnel management, financial management, resource
management and control, operations and service delivery
and stakeholder engagement.
The main duties of facility officers, recreation officers
and play leaders are:
• Implementing sport and recreation
events/projects/programmes.
FIGURE 22: ATLANTIS COACHING CLINIC (SOURCE: SRA)
• Communicating with line managers, internal and
external clients.
• Provide facilities and programmes in those areas
and communities where the private sector does not
provide.
• General administration.
• Marketing of sport and recreation
events/programmes.
• Meet its constitutional obligation in the provision of
Sport and Recreation.
The duties of facility officers, recreation officers and play
leaders are compared in Table 11, based on their job
descriptions.
TABLE 11: COMPARISON OF RESPONSIBILITY OF FACILITY
OFFICERS, RECREATION OFFICERS AND PLAY LEADERS
Duties/ Tasks
Facility
officers
As a provider, the SRA aims to:
Rec
officers
Play
leaders
• Make strategic investment decisions for Sport and
Recreation that will impact positively on society as
a whole.47
The subsequent chapters will explore the extent to
which the SRA is meeting these objectives in the eyes of
the residents of Cape Town and the ways in which it can
further meet their needs.
Operations
Communication
Administration
Marketing
Professional functions
SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010
Through these roles and responsibilities, the SRA aims
to play the dual role of facilitator and provider. As a
facilitator, it aims to:
• Create a conducive environment for the
development of sport and recreation in the City.
• Ensure coordination of support services.
• Assist the informal sector in becoming formalised.46
FIGURE 23: VELOKHAYA BMX HERITAGE DAY CUP (SOURCE: SRA)
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
5
Profile of Respondents,
Households and Communities
The following chapter introduces the baseline findings from the survey with a
description of the respondents, households and communities represented in this study.
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS
As can be seen in Table 12, the demographics of the
respondents roughly mirror the composition of adult residents, over the age of 16, in households in Cape Town.
There are slightly more female residents than males in
Cape Town and more coloured residents than black,
white or Asian/Indian residents. Due to the fact that
most white residents in Cape Town stay in upper income
areas, the proportion of white respondents was slightly
lower than actual population figures due to the
weighting of the data toward lower income areas.xii
The age categories above are the ones used by the SRA to
TABLE 12: RESPONDENT PROFILE
Gender
Race
Age
Female
Male
56.3%
43.7%
Coloured
Black
White
51.9%
33.3%
13.3%
Youth
(16-25)
Adult
(26-59)
Seniors
(60+)
24.8%
61.9%
13.2%
Asian/ Indian
1.5%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
plan their programmes.xiii The three groupings will be used
in the report to make comparisons across age groups.
xii. In 2007, the population of Cape Town was composed of approximately 51.6% females and 48.4% males. Black Africans made up 34.9% of the
population; coloured (44.0%); Asian/Indian (1.8%) and white (19.3%) (City of Cape Town Community Survey, 2007).
xiii. The SRA also includes 13-15 year olds in the ‘youth’ category. They were not included in this survey due to consent concerns.
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5.1.1 Employment
FIGURE 26: OCCUPATIONAL ROLES OF RESPONDENTS
In terms of employment status, more than a third of the
respondents are unemployed, while just over a fourth of
the respondents are employed full time (see Figure 24).xiv
35%
29.7%
30%
Of those who reported that they are employed, approximately a third work in service level positions and just over
a tenth are self-employed (see Figure 26). Approximately
20% said they are in management or professional roles.
25%
20%
FIGURE 24: EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF RESPONDENTS
15.6%
34.8%
Employed-Full time
27.5%
Retired/Pensioner
11.4%
7.6%
Student
Self-employed
6.5%
Housewife
5.9%
Employed-Part time
5.7%
Prefer not to answer
0.3%
Informally employed
0.2%
Other
0.1%
0%
10% 20% 30% 40%
PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.2%
9.8%
9.2%
10%
8.4%
7.0%
4.4%
5%
2.6%
1.1% 1.1%
0%
Other
Skilled agricultural or fishery
Plant and machine operator
Senior official or manager
Craft and related trades worker
Clerk
Associate professional
Elementary occupation
Self-employed
Professional
Service or shop worker
Unemployed
PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS
15%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 27: EDUCATION LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS
Post Graduate...
University...
Certificate/Diploma
1.7%
5.3%
6.0%
Grade 12 (Matric)
FIGURE 25: EMPLOYMENT (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
5.1.2 Education
38.5%
Grade 8 to Grade 11
14.3%
Grade 4 to Grade 7
Up to Grade 3
In terms of educational achievement (see Figure 27),
almost a third of the respondents have completed up to
matric, while 13% have gone on to achieve some form
of university degree or certificate. However, almost 20%
of the respondents have not moved beyond Grade 7.
29.0%
None
4.1%
1.0%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
xiv. The unemployment figure is again slightly higher than the 2007 figure of 24.5% due to the survey’s weighting toward lower income areas
(Community Survey, 2007)
xv. Statistics South Africa defines a disability as “a physical or mental handicap which has lasted for six months or more, or is expected to last at least six
months, which prevents the person from carrying out daily activities independently, or from participating fully in educational, economic or social activities” (Community Survey, 2007).
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5.1.3 Disability
5.1.5 Responsibility for children
Due to the significant role that disabilities play in a
person’s ability to participate in recreation and sport, the
respondents were asked if they have any form of
disability. One in twenty respondents (5.3%) said that
they have a disability.xv
Approximately 27% of the respondents said that they
look after children or grandchildren. These respondents
were asked to provide insights into the behaviours and
attitudes of Cape Town children with regard to sport and
recreation (to be discussed in Chapter 6).
The most common types of disabilities mentioned were:
5.2 DESCRIPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
• Physical (55.2%);
• Communication (17.5%);
• Hearing (11.1%).
The survey findings suggest that households in Cape
Town are comprised of an average of 3.9 household
members, of which 2.8 are adults and 1.1 are children.xvi
An additional 12.7% of the respondents noted they
consider their chronic illnesses (such as back problems,
diabetes, epilepsy and heart problems) to be disabilities.
5.1.4 Health
As can be seen in Figure 28, more than 60% of the
respondents (three out of every five) rated their health as
good or very good. Only 6% rated their health as poor
or very poor. Another third rated their health as average.
5.2.1 Household income
More than 50% of the households chose not to provide
their average combined monthly take-home income (see
Figure 29). Looking at those that did respond, a third
reported taking home less than R5 000 per month. Only
7% reported bringing home more than R10 000 a month.
FIGURE 29: AVERAGE MONTHLY TAKE HOME
INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS
FIGURE 28: RESPONDENTS’ RATINGS FOR PERSONAL HEALTH
56.1%
Prefer no answer
50%
0.4%
0.8%
2.2%
R15 001 to R20 000
38.9%
40%
33.7%
30%
21.3%
20%
R10 001 to R15 000
3.6%
R5 001 to R10 000
R4 001 to R5 000
3.8%
2.6%
R3 001 to R4 000
2.7%
5.2%
R2 001 to R3 000
10%
R1 000 to R2 000
5.1%
0.9%
11.7%
8.8%
Under R1 000
0%
Very good
Good
Average
Poor
Zero
Very poor
PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS
More than R25 000
R20 001 to R25 000
2.1%
0%
20%
40%
60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
5.2.2 Access to transport
It is important to keep in mind that these ratings indicate
perceptions of health, rather than a measurement of the
actual health of Cape Town residents.
In terms of access to transport, more than half of all
households (52.5%) use a taxi most frequently, while
only 36.8% have access to a personal motor vehicle (see
xvi. In 2007, the average household size was 3.9 people (Community Survey, 2007).
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FIGURE 30: MOST COMMON FORM OF TRANSPORTATION
52.5%
Taxi
Motor vehicle
36.8%
Bus
16.9%
13.2%
Train
Walk
3.9%
Car pool
2.0%
Bicycle
1.3%
Motorcycle
.5%
Other
.2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Figure 30). This has significant implications for accessing
recreational facilities and will be discussed in more detail
further on in the report. Many residents raised the issue
of transportation in the focus groups and survey, also in
terms of how it links to the issue of safety.
FIGURE 32: MOST COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS
Robbery
Poverty
Drug abuse
Violence
Crime at schools
Alcohol abuse
Gangs
Poor service delivery
Family abuse
Rain damage/floods
Corruption
Shortage of schools
Service protests
Fire
Political unrest
Other
70.5%
60.2%
58.4%
57.2%
52.4%
51.1%
40.7%
33.4%
26.3%
25.1%
21.1%
20.8%
18.5%
17.8%
16.4%
1.6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
5.3.2 Perceptions of services
When asked which service they would rate worst in their
community (not including housing since this was consistently rated poorly in the City’s Community Satisfaction
Survey), one in four households rated recreational
programmes and facilities as the worst (see Figure 33).xvii
FIGURE 33: PERCEPTIONS OF WORST SERVICE
IN COMMUNITY
FIGURE 31: TAXI RANK IN CAPE TOWN (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO)
5.3 DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITIES
The households were asked a few questions about their
communities in order to gain a sense of the barriers and
opportunities that exist at a community level.
5.3.1 Social problems
As can be seen in Figure 32, the three most commonly
reported social problems in communities in Cape Town
are robbery, poverty and drug abuse.
Recreation facilities
26.9%
18.2%
13.7%
10.8%
8.5%
6.3%
5.5%
3.7%
3.4%
3.0%
Health services
Don’t know
Electricity
Sanitation
Water
Public transportation
Refuse collection
They are all bad
Education services
0%
10%
30%
20%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
xvii. It is possible that this response was influenced by the fact that the households knew that the purpose of the survey was to improve recreational
programmes and facilities in their community.
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Health services (including hospitals and clinics) were
rated the worst service by the second highest
percentage of households. This is similar to the findings
for the City’s Customer Satisfaction Survey.xviii
5.3.3 Provision of recreation programmes
When asked what other organisations provide recreational programmes and activities in their communities,
Cape Town residents mentioned schools, churches and
sporting clubs most frequently (see Figure 34). Suggestions for specific organisations to partner with are
included in the SRA district reports.
40%
39.1%
36.4%
33.6%
30%
17.7%
20%
9.3%
10%
NGOs
Other
Sporting clubs
Churches
0%
Schools
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
FIGURE 34: OTHER ORGANISATIONS THAT PROVIDE
RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES IN
THE COMMUNITY
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
5.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5
FIGURE 35: KARATE DO AFTERNOON SESSION (SOURCE: SRA)
• Approximately 5.3% of residents have physical
disabilities. However, more than 60% of residents
rated themselves as healthy.
• More than 50% of households prefer not to
provide their average monthly household income.
Of those who did respond, a third bring home less
than R5 000 a month.
To summarise the findings presented in this chapter:
• Approximately 52.5% of residents use taxis as their
main form of transportation. Only just over a third
has access to a car.
• The demographics of the respondents in the survey
mirror the composition of adult residents, over the
age of 16, in Cape Town, with the exception of
slightly fewer white respondents.
• The most commonly reported social problems in the
communities represented by the survey are theft,
poverty and drug abuse. All of these have an
impact on participation levels.
• The population of adults in Cape Town is composed
of slightly more females than males, more coloured
residents, than black, white or Asian/Indian and more
middle-age adults than young adults or seniors.
• One in four households rated recreation
programmes and facilities as the worst service in
their community.
• More than a third of the residents are unemployed
and approximately 20% have not advanced beyond
Grade 7 in terms of schooling.
• Schools, churches and sporting clubs were
mentioned most frequently as other organisations
that provide recreational programmes and activities
for communities in Cape Town.
xviii. Health and housing were both major areas of concern for residents and received below average scores (CSS Portfolio Committee, 2009).
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
Participation in Sport and Recreation
6
The following chapter provides an overview of adult participation levels in
sport and recreation and concludes with an overview of children’s
participation levels.
In this chapter and the following ones, the
key performance indicators (KPIs) will be
highlighted in green boxes. A full list of the
KPIs can be found in Chapter 12.
When stakeholders within the Department of Sport
and Recreation were asked for their perspective on
participation levels in Cape Town, they made the
following comments:
• “A lot of people don’t do anything. I see that as an
opportunity – there’s a big market out there.”48
• “Most people in the City don’t participate in active,
deliberate recreation.”49
• “There is not a culture of participation. Technology
and television have taken over.”50
• “Participation is linked to resources. The middle
class is more attuned and involved in sport and
recreation. Lower class participation is limited.”51
Comments from external stakeholders were a mix of
both positive and negative:
• “There are big numbers in the Big Walk and the
Cycle Tour.”52
• “Capetonians are very involved in recreation,
generally. I don’t know how much the facilities are
being used though.”53
• “In sport, the interest in quite high.”54
• “It depends on the community.”55
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• “Participation levels are not as high as they
used to be.”56
• “There is a lack of involvement in school sport and
this is related to the lack of facilities.”57
6.1 ADULT PARTICIPATION
Before looking directly at participation in sport and
leisure activities, respondents were asked questions
about what they do in their spare time and how often
they are physically active.
6.1.1 Activities when bored
As can be seen in the table below, the most common
leisure activities that adult Capetonians engage in when
bored are watching TV, listening to music and socialising.
The results in Table 13 (analysed by demographic
groups in Appendix 4) confirm the earlier HSRC findings
that, in general, South Africans are fairly inactive in their
spare time.
Only 7.5% of households in Cape Town specifically
mentioned engaging in physical activities or sports when
they are bored. Even when combined with the
percentage of households that regularly walk, garden,
jog or do housework in their spare time, the combined
proportion is still less than 1 in 4 households (24.6%).
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Participation in physical activities in spare
time = 24.6%
This means 75.4% of adult residents DO
NOT engage in physical activities in their
spare time!
TABLE 13: ACTIVITIES WHEN BORED
Adult leisure activities
Watch TV, DVD, videos
Total
Listen to music
68.4%
57.2%
Spend time with friends
30.8%
Read books
18.5%
Spend time with family or relatives
15.9%
Walk
9.4%
Go to a place of worship or take
part in religious activities
8.7%
Take part in physical activities
7.5%
Go to the shops
7.2%
DIY (Do It Yourself) task
Garden
4.2%
3.4%
Other
3.3%
Sleep
3.3%
Watch live sporting events
Spend time on the internet or computer
3.3%
3.2%
3.1%
Go to the library
2.6%
Go to movies
2.4%
Attend sporting events
Jog or run
2.4%
2.3%
Do house work (i.e. cleaning, washing)
2.0%
Make handicrafts
Play cards or board games
1.9%
Go to historical sites
1.5%
Participate in the Arts
0.5%
0.4%
Drink at a shebeen/bar or go clubbing
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
When this KPI is compared across demographic groups,
one finds the following:
• Gender: Women (23.6%) engage in physical
activities in their spare time only slightly less than
men (26.1%).
• Age: Seniors (37.8%) engage in physical activities
in their spare time more than young adults (20.0%)
and middle age adults (23.1%).
• Race: White residents (44.2%) engage in physical
activities in their spare time more than black
residents (21.1%), coloured residents (18.6%) and
Asian/Indian residents (28.4%).
• SES Index: More upper income households
(29.7%) appear to do physical activities than lower
income households (19.5%).
The low levels of physical activity were confirmed in the
focus groups. Many participants said they don’t do much
in their spare time. “I sit on the couch and relax, and
sometimes fall asleep,” said one participant.58 According
to a younger participant, “There are no facilities to
occupy youngsters in their leisure time. What I do, as a
youngster, is sit at home, watch some movies and play
some games.”59 The lack of options was mentioned as a
problem for older residents as well. “The older people
have nothing to do,” said one participant.60
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However, despite the general trend of inactivity, some
participants described quite active use of their spare
time. According to one participant, “I do a lot of things
in our community. I can take the children for soccer, or
rugby, or running.”61 According to another participant,
“I coach netball for a local netball team so I usually
occupy myself by going there and also getting a
workout myself. I am also part of a choir group and I
usually go to choir practice.”62
At first glance, it could thus be assumed that leisure
activities are primarily a matter of personal preference.
However, as noted in the comment above about a lack
of facilities, there are barriers to physical activities
beyond just the choice to not participate. These will be
discussed in more detail in Chapter 10.
Overall, only a few adult residents in Cape Town report
being bored all the time. However, 64.1% said they are
bored sometimes, which suggests the need for more
activities and leisure options in Cape Town.
FIGURE 37: PLACES PEOPLE GO WHEN BORED
Home
Friend’s house
Relative’s house
Shopping mall
Recreational facilities
78.0%
44.5%
18.7%
12.9%
5.9%
4.7%
4.3%
Sport field
In the street
Open space
Shebeen or pub
Cinema
Place of worship
Other
School
4.2%
3.9%
3.4%
2.6%
1.9%
1.8%
1.7%
1.3%
Stadium
Internet cafe
0%
30%
60%
90%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 36: FREQUENCY OF BOREDOM FOR ADULTS
IN CAPE TOWN
Only about one third of adult residents are regularly
active or very active, i.e. exercising between three and
five times a week. A striking 29.8% of adult residents
don’t do any physical exercise in an average week.
64.1%
60%
40%
21.5%
20%
5.7%
5.2%
3.5%
All the time
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
0%
Never
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
80%
6.1.2 Physical exercise and health
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
When asked where they go when they are bored, the
majority of households said they stay at home (see
Figure 37). The other most common responses were: a
friend’s house (44.5%), a relative’s house (18.7%) or a
shopping mall (12.9%).
As seen in the graph , only 5.9% of adult household
members said they go to a recreational facility when
they are bored and only 4.2% said they would make use
of Cape Town’s open spaces.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Regularly engage in physical activity =
36.9%
This means 63.1% of adult residents DO
NOT engage in physical exercise regularly
in an average week.
FIGURE 38: LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/EXERCISE
IN AN AVERAGE WEEK
Very active
12.9%
Regularly active
24.0%
Occasionally active
33.2%
Not active at all
29.8%
0%
10% 20%
30% 40%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: More men (41.5%) than women (33.3%)
regularly engage in physical exercise.
• Age: Slightly more young adults (41.3%) regularly
engage in physical exercise than middle age adults
(35.9%) or seniors (35.4%).
• Race: More white (46.1%) and Asian/Indian residents
(51.1%) engage in regular physical exercise than
coloured (36.3%) or black (31.7%) residents.
• SES Index: More upper income households (41.6%)
engage in regular physical exercise than lower income
households (32.2%).
As discussed in the previous chapter, a combined
percentage of more than 60% of the respondents (three
out of every five) rated their health as good or very
good. Only 6.0% rated their health as poor or very poor.
Additionally, a third rated their health as average.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Rate self as healthy = 60.2%
Many more residents rate themselves as
healthy compared to those that regularly
engage in physical activity.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Only slightly more men (61.6%) rate
themselves as healthy compared to women (59.2%).
• Age: Significantly more young adults (80.1%) rate
themselves as healthy compared to middle-age
adults (58.2%) and seniors (32.4%).
• Race: Asian/Indian residents (83.4%) rate themselves
healthier than black residents (72.8%), white
residents (66.7%) and coloured residents (49.9%).
• SES Index: Interestingly, there was very little
difference in the health ratings for upper income
households (59.9%) and lower income households
(60.5%).
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Belong to a gym = 10.5%
This means that 89.5% of adult residents
DO NOT belong to a gym.
FIGURE 39: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE
A GYM MEMBERSHIP
Yes
10.5%
No
89.5%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: More men (12.7%) belong to a gym than
women (10.9%).
• Age: Twice as many young adults (12.6%) and
middle-age adults (10.9%) belong to a gym than
seniors (5.6%).
• Race: Significantly more white residents (22.7%)
belong to a gym than Asian/Indian (15.0%), black
(12.4%) and coloured (3.6%) residents.
• SES Index: More upper income households
(12.8%) belong to a gym than lower income
households (8.0%).
6.1.4 Membership to sports clubs and teams
Even fewer Cape Town residents belong to sports clubs
or teams than those that belong to gyms. As can be
seen in Figure 40, less than one in ten households
(7.6%) belong to a sports club or team.
6.1.3 Gym memberships
Only one in ten households have a gym membership, as
can be seen in Figure 39.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Belong to a sport club or team = 7.6%
This means that 92.4% of adult residents
DO NOT belong to a sports club or team.
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FIGURE 40: PERCENTAGE OF RESIDENTS THAT BELONG
TO A SPORTS CLUB OR TEAM
FIGURE 42: SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAMS THAT
RESIDENTS BELONG TO
Soccer
Yes
7.6%
No
92.4%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Almost twice as many men (10.2%) belong
to a sports club or team than women (5.4%).
• Age: Young adults (15.0%) are much more
involved with sports clubs and teams than middleage adults (6.2%) and seniors (2.7%).
• Race: Significantly more black residents (11.8%)
belong to sports clubs and teams than white (6.9%),
coloured (4.9%) or Asian/Indian (3.4%) residents.
• SES Index: Lower income households (9.7%) are
more likely to belong to a sports club or team than
upper income households (5.5%).
As can be seen in Figure 42, soccer, netball, cricket and
rugby teams and clubs currently have the most
memberships.
47.8%
Netball
15.8%
Cricket
13.7%
Rugby
13.5%
Aerobics/fitness
9.1%
Dancing
8.5%
Martial art/karate
7.9%
Walking
7.4%
Running
Basketball
5.4%
4.2%
Swimming
4.1%
Other
3.7%
3.0%
Tennis
Golf
2.9%
Boxing
2.9%
Sailing
2.2%
Snooker/pool
2.1%
Horse riding
2.1%
Badminton
2.1%
Aquarobics
2.1%
Surf sports
1.9%
Fishing
1.9%
Gymnastics
1.9%
Canoeing/kayaking
1.2%
Atheletics/track
1.2%
Softball
1.1%
Rowing
1.0%
Cycling
1.0%
Scuba diving
1.0%
Weight training
1.0%
Darts
.9%
Volleyball
.4%
Table tennis
.4%
Squash/racquetball
.4%
0%
20% 40% 60%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
6.1.5 General participation in sport and
recreation activities
Table 25 on Page 46 provides a detailed breakdown of
participation levels in the most common sport and
recreation activities in Cape Town. Overall, only 27.1%
FIGURE 41: LIPTON CHALLENGE 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
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of households indicated that they participate in the
most common sport and recreation activities (see list on
Page 46).
6.1.6 Most common sport and
recreation activities
The top ten sport and recreation activities with the
highest participation levels are:
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Participate in existing sport and recreation
activities = 27.1%
This means that 72.9% of adult residents
DO NOT participate in sport and
recreation activities.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Significantly more men (34.2%)
participate in sport and recreation activities than
women (21.3%).
• Age: More young adults (35.6%) participate in
sport and recreation than middle-age adults
(25.5%) and seniors (22.2%).
• Race: More white residents (37.8%) participate in
sport and recreation than black (27.5%), Asian/Indian
(25.1%) and coloured (22.4%) residents.
• SES Index: Significantly more upper income
residents (31.8%) participate in sport and recreation
than lower income residents (22.3%).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Soccer (7.4%)
Walking (5.6%)
Aerobics/fitness (4.4%)
Netball (3.1%)
Running (2.4%)
Rugby (2.0%)
Snooker/pool (2.0%)
Weight lifting (1.8%)
Cricket (1.7%)
Swimming (1.2%); Martial arts (1.2%); Athletics –
track and field (1.2%)
The following tables provide a breakdown of the top ten
activities by demographic groups, compared to the top
ten club or team memberships for each group.
FIGURE 43: THE CONIFERS STREET SOCCER (SOURCE: SRA)
FIGURE 44: DISCOVERY BIG WALK 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
42
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6.1.6.1 Gender comparison
6.1.6.2 Age comparison
As can be seen in the tables below, activities and
memberships differ significantly between men and
women in Cape Town.
While activities and memberships between young adults and
middle-age adults do not differ drastically, they are significantly different from activities and memberships of seniors.
TABLE 16: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR YOUNG ADULTS
TABLE 14: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR WOMEN
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 10 activities
for women
Walking
Netball
Aerobics/fitness
Running
Soccer
Snooker/pool
Dancing
Athletics/track & field
Swimming
Gymnastics
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Women’s membership
to clubs and teams
Netball
Soccer
Aerobics/fitness
Dancing
Martial arts/karate
Rugby
Walking
Running
Cricket
Tennis
#
Top 10 activities for young
adults (16-25 years old):
#
Young adult’s membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Rugby
Walking
Cricket
Snooker/pool
Running
Aerobics/fitness
Athletics/track & field
Cycling
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Cricket
Rugby
Dancing
Running
Basketball
Martial arts/karate
Aerobics/fitness
Boxing
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 15: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR MEN
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 10 activities
for men
Soccer
Aerobics/fitness
Walking
Rugby
Cricket
Weight training
Snooker/pool
Running
Martial arts/karate
Golf
TABLE 17: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR
MIDDLE-AGE ADULTS
#
Men’s membership
to clubs and teams
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Cricket
Rugby
Golf
Basketball
Aerobics/fitness
Dancing
Gymnastics
Martial arts/karate
Walking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 10 activities for middle
-age adults (26-59 years old):
Soccer
Aerobics/fitness
Walking
Running
Weight training
Netball
Snooker/pool
Cricket
Rugby
Swimming
#
Middle-age adult’s membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Rugby
Cricket
Aerobics/fitness
Martial arts/karate
Netball
Other
Walking
Tennis
Golf
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 18: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR SENIORS
#
FIGURE 45: PREMIERS CUP 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top 10 activities for seniors
(60+ years old):
Walking
Martial arts/karate
Aerobics/fitness
Weight lifting
Soccer
Aquarobics
Dancing
Darts
Fishing
Horse riding
#
Seniors’ membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Aerobics/fitness
Dancing
Walking
Martial arts/karate
Swimming
Aquarobics
Horse riding
Boxing
Soccer
Cricket
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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6.1.6.3 Race comparison
TABLE 22: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR ASIAN/INDIAN RESIDENTS
There are striking differences between the race groups
below, which could still be largely due to the way
apartheid used race to define people’s interests, access
and activities.
TABLE 19: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR BLACK RESIDENTS
#
Top 10 activities
for black residents
#
Black membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Walking
Rugby
Aerobics/fitness
Weight training
Athletics/track & field
Cricket
Basketball
Dancing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Cricket
Rugby
Dancing
Basketball
Running
Walking
Aerobics/fitness
Boxing
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 20: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR COLOURED RESIDENTS
#
Top ten activities for
Asian/Indian residents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Aerobics/fitness
Walking
Cycling
Dancing
Golf
Swimming
Running
#
Asian/Idian membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
Gymnastics
Golf
Very few Asian/Indian
respondents indicated
that they belong to clubs
or teams (the two
activities listed
above were the only
ones mentioned)
Only 7 activities were
mentioned by this group
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
6.1.6.4 SES Index comparison
There are differences between the activities and
memberships of lower and upper income households,
but they are not as extreme as the differences between
race groups.
TABLE 23: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
#
Top ten activities for
coloured residents
#
Coloured membership
to clubs and teams
#
Top ten activities for
lower income residents
#
Lower income membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Walking
Snooker/pool
Aerobics/fitness
Rugby
Cricket
Netball
Running
Golf
Swimming
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Rugby
Cricket
Dancing
Swimming
Snooker/pool
Netball
Aerobics/fitness
Boxing
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Walking
Rugby
Weight training
Snooker/pool
Cricket
Running
Aerobics/fitness
Athletics/track & field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Netball
Rugby
Cricket
Dancing
Basketball
Running
Walking
Snooker/pool
Aerobics/fitness
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 21: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR WHITE RESIDENTS
TABLE 24: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP
FOR UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
#
Top ten activities for
white residents
#
White membership
to clubs and teams
#
Top ten activities
for upper income residents
#
Upper income membership
to clubs and teams
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Walking
Aerobics/fitness
Running
Martial arts/karate
Cycling
Swimming
Weight training
Gymnastics
Badminton
Boxing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Martial arts/karate
Aerobics/fitness
Walking
Sailing
Golf
Dancing
Swimming
Aquarobics
Badminton
Horse riding
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Walking
Aerobics/fitness
Soccer
Running
Martial arts/karate
Swimming
Snooker/pool
Gymnastics
Cricket
Cycling or Rugby
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Soccer
Aerobics/fitness
Martial arts/karate
Cricket
Rugby
Walking
Dancing
Swimming
Golf
Other
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
44
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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To summarise differences related to participation levels,
a range of observations can be made from Table 25 on
the next page.
Age: In addition to the gender differences mentioned
previously, there are some key differences that can be
seen between age groups. For example:
Gender: The main difference that can be seen when
comparing male and female participation levels is that
many more men participate in team sports than women,
with the exception of netball. For example:
• Young adults (age 16 to 25) appear to be much
more active than middle-age adults and seniors in
team sports, such as soccer, netball, rugby and
cricket, as well as in athletics and snooker/pool.
• Middle age adults (age 26 to 59) appear to be
slightly more active in home-based or gym-based
activities, such as weight training, aerobics
and swimming.
• Seniors (age 60+) appear to be more involved in
lower impact activities such as walking and
aquarobics, although a high percentage is also
involved in martial arts and aerobics.
• 13.2% of men participate in soccer, compared to
2.6% of women;
• 3.7% of men participate in rugby, compared to
0.7% of women;
• 2.9% of men participate in cricket, compared to
0.7% of women.
Women are still more active than men in activities traditionally associated with females. For example:
• 6.9% of women participate in walking, compared
to 3.9% of men;
• 5.1% of women participate in netball, compared to
0.7% of men;
• 1.5% of women participate in dancing, compared
to 0.4% of men.
Race: When it comes to race, the following observations
can be made:
• Black and coloured residents appear to be more
active in team sports like soccer, netball, cricket
and rugby.
• White, Asian and Indian residents appear more
active in individual activities like walking, running,
swimming, martial arts, cycling and aerobics,
although running and walking appear popular
across all groups.
SES Index: In terms of socio-economic status, the biggest
differences can be seen in the following activities:
• Upper income households appear to participate
more in aerobics/fitness, martial arts, running
and walking.
• Lower income households appear to participate
more in sports like netball and soccer.
There is also a notable difference on more costly activities. For example, some activities only have involvement
by upper income households, such as:
• Sailing;
• Scuba diving;
• Surfing.
However, the findings again suggest that there are
other barriers besides cost. The fact that lower income
households are not as involved in activities that are
free, like running and walking, suggests that other
constraints like safety, accessibility and working hours
may be having an impact.
FIGURE 46: JIVE BIG WALK (SOURCE: SRA)
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TABLE 25: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACTIVITIES (%)
Gender
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
Aerobics/fitness
4.4
3.5
5.5
2.6
4.8
5.2
2.5
11.2
2.5
11.6
1.2
7.4
Aquarobics
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.5
0.0
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.6
Athletics/track and field
1.2
0.4
1.4
0.5
1.0
0.2
1.9
0.2
1.1
0.6
0.7
2.0
Badminton
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.2
1.2
0.6
Basketball
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.7
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.4
Snooker/pool
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.9
1.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
2.8
0.0
2.1
1.8
Boxing
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.0
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.7
Canoeing/kayaking
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.6
Cricket
(indoor or outdoor)
1.7
0.7
2.9
3.2
1.6
0.0
2.0
0.7
2.0
0.0
1.9
1.6
Cycling
0.9
0.7
1.2
1.6
0.8
0.4
0.3
3.1
0.4
3.4
0.2
1.6
Dancing
Sport/ activities
1.0
1.5
0.4
1.4
0.7
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.7
3.4
1.2
0.8
Darts
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.4
1.5
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.6
Fishing
Golf
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.6
Gymnastics
1.0
0.3
1.2
1.4
0.8
0.3
0.9
1.0
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.8
2.3
1.1
0.9
3.4
0.0
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.7
Hockey
(indoor or outdoor)
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
Horse riding
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
Martial arts/ karate
1.0
1.5
1.4
0.1
5.7
0.6
4.5
0.3
0.0
0.2
2.2
Netball
1.2
3.1
5.1
0.7
8.8
2.0
0.0
6.9
1.2
1.3
0.0
5.0
1.3
Rock climbing
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
Rowing
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
Rugby
2.0
0.7
3.7
4.7
1.5
0.4
2.6
0.0
2.5
0.0
2.4
1.6
Running
Sailing
2.4
0.2
2.8
0.3
2.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
2.8
0.3
0.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
5.9
0.9
1.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.8
0.0
3.0
0.3
Scuba diving
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
Soccer
(indoor or outdoor)
7.4
2.6
13.2
14.2
6.5
1.6
12.9
0.0
6.8
0.0
11.1
3.8
Softball
0.04
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
Squash/racquetball
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
1.2
0.5
1.3
0.8
1.1
0.1
0.6
0.8
1.5
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
3.1
0.9
1.1
3.4
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.3
2.0
0.7
Tennis
(indoor or outdoor)
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.2
Tenpin bowling
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
5.6
6.9
3.9
4.2
3.8
15.1
3.1
12.0
4.5
10.1
3.2
7.9
1.8
1.1
2.7
1.5
2.0
1.7
2.5
2.8
1.0
0.0
2.2
Surf sports
Swimming
Table tennis
Volleyball
Walking
Weight training
1.4
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Key: F = female; M = male; Y = youth (16-25 years old); Ad = adult (26-59 years old); Sr = seniors (60+ years old); Bl = black; Wh = white;
Col = coloured; As/In = Asian/Indian; SES1 = lower income (SES>40); SES2 = upper income (SES <40).
46
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The table below shows the most common locations and time spent on the activities discussed above.
These findings are discussed further on the following page.
TABLE 26: LOCATION AND TIME SPENT
Sport
Aerobics/
fitness
Location
Gym (91.4%);
Community facility (5.3%);
Home/street (3.3%)
(47.4%); Home/street (32.4%);
Aquarobics Gym
Community facility (20.2%)
Avg. hrs
per week
Sport
Location
Avg. hrs
per week
7.9 HRS
Martial
arts /
karate
Gym (57.8%); Community facility
(16.6%); Home/street (13.1%);
Academy (8.0%); School (4.5%)
2.0 HRS
1.2 HRS
Netball
Community facility (45.3%);
School (34.9%); Home/street (19.9%)
4.6 HRS
Rock
climbing
Gym (84.5%); Home/street (15.5%)
1.1 HRS
Rowing
Community facility (100%)
4.0 HRS
Rugby
Community facility (67.0%);
School (29.2%); Gym (3.8%)
6.6 HRS
Running
Home/street (48.3%);
Gym (21.2%);Community facility
(16.9%); School (13.6%)
4.9 HRS
Sailing
Sea (100%)
2.0 HRS
Scuba
diving
Community facility (89.5%);
Sea (10.5%)
3.2 HRS
Soccer
(indoor/
outdoor)
Community facility (53.4%);
Home/street (34.6%); School (7.5%);
Gym (3.5%); Open space (1.0%)
4.4 HRS
Softball
Community facility (100%)
4.0 HRS
Athletics/
track and
field
Community facility (51.8%); Home/
street (19.6%); School (16.9%); Gym
(6.4%); Athletics field (5.3%)
3.4 HRS
Badminton
Community facility (91.9%);
Home/street (8.1%)
2.3 HRS
Community facility (77.3%);
Home street (11.3%);
‘Game shop’ (11.3%)
3.1 HRS
Snooker/
pool
Club/tavern (39.4%);
Community facility (35.0%);
Home/street (25.6%)
3.8 HRS
Boxing
Community facility (46.5%);
Gym (39.2%); Home/street (14.3%)
4.4 HRS
Canoeing/
kayaking
River (58.9%);
Community facility (41.1%)
2.8 HRS
Cricket
(indoor/
outdoor)
School (27.6%); Community facility
(26.7%); Home/street (26.4%); Club
(10.5%); Gym (8.8%)
3.4 HRS
Cycling
Home/street (83.0%);
Gym (17.0%)
3.8 HRS
Squash/
Community facility (83.1%);
racquetball Social club (16.9%)
2.7 HRS
Dancing
Home/street (41.7%); Community
facility (26.0%); Gym (22.1%);
Club/dance school (10.2%)
3.9 HRS
Surf sports Mountain/sea (100%)
4.0 HRS
Darts
Home/street (52.3%);
Community facility (47.7%)
4.4 HRS
Swimming
Home/street (80.4%); Community
facility (15.5%); Beach (4.1%)
4.4 HRS
Fishing
Beach / dam (100%)
7.7 HRS
Table
tennis
Community facility (94.6%);
School (5.4%)
2.5 HRS
Golf
Community facility (59.0%);
Golf course (31.2%); Gym (9.8%)
4.0 HRS
Tennis
(indoor/
outdoor)
Community facility (66.9%);
School (27.6%); Home/street (5.4%)
5.6 HRS
Gymnastics
School (41.7%); Gym (36.3%);
Community facility (22.0%)
3.0 HRS
Volleyball
Community facility (77.8%);
School (22.2%)
1.5 HRS
Hockey
(indoor/
outdoor)
Community facility (62.6%);
School (37.4%)
3.7 HRS
Walking
Home/street (89.5%); Community
facility (9.9%); Shops (0.6%)
3.8 HRS
Horse
riding
Community facility (73.8%);
Local stable (26.2%)
1.5 HRS
Weight
training
Gym (78.7%); Home/street (14.7%);
Community facility (6.6%)
3.0 HRS
Basketball
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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In terms of preferred locations for activities, the
following observations can be made:
• Gyms appear to be most popular for activities like
aerobics, aquarobics, martial arts, rock climbing and
weight training.
• Community facilities appear to be most popular
for sports like athletics/track, badminton,
basketball, boxing, golf, netball, rugby, soccer,
squash, tennis and volleyball.
• Schools do not appear to be frequently used by
adult residents for sports or recreation, with the
exception of cricket and gymnastics.
• Home or street appears to be the preferred
location for activities like cycling, dancing, darts,
running, swimming and walking.
• Open spaces, like rivers, beaches, dams and the
sea, are the preferred locations for
canoeing/kayaking, fishing, sailing and surf sports.
Although they may not be the most popular activities
overall, participants appear to spend more time if they
are involved in:
• Aerobics/fitness – an average of 7.9 hours
per week.
• Rugby – an average of 6.6 hours per week.
• Tennis – an average of 5.6 hours per week.
6.2 CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION
Children’s leisure activities
Total
Watch TV, DVD, videos
66.2%
Listen to music
44.3%
Spend time with friends
39.9%
Take part in physical activities
26.3%
Read books/ newspapers/ magazines
18.5%
Walk
11.7%
Go to movies
9.9%
Spend time with relatives
8.9%
Jog or run
6.4%
Go to a place of worship or
participate in religious activities
5.8%
Sleep
5.2%
Watch live sporting events
4.2%
Go to the library
4.1%
Spend time on internet or computer
4.1%
Play cards or board games
4.0%
Attend sporting events
2.8%
Go to the shops
2.4%
DIY (Do It Yourself) task
1.8%
Participate in the Arts
1.0%
Garden
0.9%
Make handicrafts
0.8%
Do house work (i.e. cleaning, washing)
0.6%
Go to historical sites
0.1%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
To gain a sense of children’s preferred activities and
participation levels, their caretakers were asked to
answer a series of questions. Below are the results.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Children’s participation in physical activities
in their spare time = 45.9%
6.2.1 Activities when bored
This means that 54.1% of children DO NOT
do physical activities when they are bored.
As can be seen in Table 27, the most common activities
that children engage in when they are bored are the
same as the adults in their households – watching TV,
listening to music and socialising. However, 45.9% of
children do something physically active in their spare
time (including walking, jogging, gardening or housework), as compared to 24.6% of adults.
48
TABLE 27: CHILDREN’S LEISURE ACTIVITIES
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Race: More Asian/Indian children (77.8%) and
white children (73.2%) do physical activities when
they are bored than children in black (49.4%) or
coloured (38.1%) households.
• SES Index: More children in upper income
households (50.6%) engage in physical activities
when they are bored than children in lower income
households (43.9%).
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In contrast to adults, more children get bored all the time
(9.3%) or never (17.1%), representing opposite ends of
the spectrum, while more adult household members said
they ‘sometimes’ get bored (see figure below).
FIGURE 47: COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY OF BOREDOM
BETWEEN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
Another focus group participant raised concern over the
amount of time young people spend at shebeens and
pubs – “When you go to our area you might see the
children sitting on the vehicles or on corners or in the
shops or at shebeens, smoking dagga.”64 This concern
was confirmed by the survey – 2.3% of caretakers said
that the children in their households go to a shebeen or
pub when they are bored. This percentage is actually
higher than the percentage of adults that admitted
going to shebeens or pubs in their spare time.
70%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Often
Sometimes
All the time
Children
Rarely
0%
Never
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
60%
Adults
As can be seen in Figure 49, children usually stay home,
go to a friend’s house or hang out in the street when
they are bored. This was confirmed in the focus groups,
where concerns were raised over the fact that children
are spending too much time in the streets. According to
one participant, “Children sit on the corners because
there is nothing to do.”63
As seen in the figure below, only one child out of ten
currently goes to a recreational facility when they are
bored. This is only slightly higher than the percentage
for adults in their households.
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 49: PLACES CHILDREN GO WHEN
THEY ARE BORED
Home
Friend’s house
In the street
School
Relatives house
Open space
Recreational facilities
Shopping mall
Field
Cinema
Stadium
Shebeen of pub
Other
Internet cafe
70.5%
42.5%
16.6%
14.9%
11.4%
11.2%
10.6%
7.5%
7.0%
2.7%
2.7%
2.3%
1.4%
.8%
0%
20% 40% 60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
FIGURE 48: YOUTH HANGING OUT IN RONDEBOSCH, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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6.2.2 Physical exercise
6.2.3 Membership to a sports club or team
Even though the majority of children stay at home when
they are bored, they are much more physically active
than adults, according to their caregivers.
In line with the finding that children are more physically
active in an average week than adults, children also appear
more likely to belong to a sports club or team than adults.
FIGURE 50: COMPARISON OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/EXERCISE IN AN
AVERAGE WEEK
FIGURE 51: COMPARISON OF MEMBERSHIP TO
SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAM BETWEEN
ADULTS AND CHILDREN
12.9%
22.9%
24.0%
Regularly
active
Children
Adults
16.3%
Occasionally
active
33.2%
21.4%
29.8%
Not active at all
0%
20%
40%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
39.3%
Very active
80%
60%
40%
20%
Adults
60%
92.4%
78.5%
100%
21.5%
7.6%
0%
Belong to a
sports club
or team
Do not belong
to a sports club
or team
Children
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
50
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Regular physical exercise among children
= 62.2%
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Children’s membership to a sports club or
team = 21.5%
However, this means that 37.8% of
children DO NOT regularly exercise in an
average week.
This means that 78.5% of children DO NOT
belong to a sports club or team.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Race: Significantly more children in coloured
(76.5%), white (74.2%) and Asian/Indian (72.2%)
households engage in regular physical exercise than
children in black households (48.3%).
• SES Index: Significantly more children in upper
income households (70.3%) engage in regular
physical exercise than in lower income households
(58.7%).
• Race: More children in Asian/Indian (38.9%) and
white (36.0%) households belong to sports clubs
and teams than children in black (20.8%) and
coloured (19.6%) households.
• SES Index: Only slightly more children in upper
income households (22.5%) belong to sports clubs
and teams than children in lower income
households (21.1%).
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6.2.4 Participation in sports and recreation
As can be seen in Figure 53, the three most common
sports teams or clubs that children belong to are: soccer
(62.4%), netball (15%) and rugby (13.8%). This differs
only slightly from the adult memberships which included
cricket in the top three, before rugby.
Overall, 66.4% of children participate in available sport
and recreation activities according to their caretakers.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Children’s participation in sport and
recreation activities = 66.4%
This means that 33.6% of children DO NOT
participate in any of the available sport
and recreation activities.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Race: There is not a significant difference in
participation levels across race – children in white
households (69.8%), black households (67.1%),
Asian/Indian households (66.6%) and coloured
households (65.2%).
• SES Index: Only slightly more children in upper
income households (69.0%) participate in sport and
recreation than children in lower income
households (65.3%).
FIGURE 53: SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAM THAT
CHILDREN BELONG TO
Soccer
Netball
Rugby
Athletic/track
Dancing
Cricket
Running
Walking
Hockey
Swimming
Gymnastics
Tennis
Fishing
Martial arts/ karate
Softball
Boxing
Aerobics/ fitness
Cycling
Horse riding
Environmental clubs
Basketball
Formal sport
Volleyball
Golf
Darts
Snooker/pool
62.4%
15.0%
13.8%
12.6%
12.0%
11.5%
8.9%
6.5%
4.5%
4.1%
3.9%
3.6%
3.4%
3.1%
2.7%
1.9%
1.5%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.1%
.8%
.6%
.6%
.4%
.4%
0% 20%
40%
60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Table 28 on the next page provides a breakdown of
participation levels of children in the most common sport
and leisure activities in Cape Town, including the location
and average hours per week spent on these activities.
Playing outside is the most common activity (40.6%),
followed by soccer (25.1%), walking (8.5%), netball
(8.5%) and dancing (7.2%). Most of these activities are
done at home or in the street, although school was cited
as the common location for dancing and netball, and
community facilities were cited for soccer.
FIGURE 52: YOUTH PLAYING CRICKET DURING PRINCE ALBERT’S VISIT TO
GUGULETHU, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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TABLE 28: CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN SPORT/ LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Sport
Play
outside
Aerobics/
fitness
Total
Avg. hrs
per week
Home/street (83.5%); Gym
40.6% (11.4%); Community facility
(3.8%); School (1.3%)
10.2 HRS
School (55.9%);
1.0% Home/street (31.9%);
Community facility (12.2%)
2.4 HRS
Sport
School (50.4%); Community
5.5% facility (36.9%); Gym (10.5%); 3.5 HRS
Club (2.2%)
Running
(61.6%); Gym 2.6 HRS
8.4% Home/street
(27.0%); School (11.4%)
Community facility
0.5% (53.2%); Home/street
(46.8%)
Sailing
Badminton 0%
--
--
Basketball
Community facility (55.3%);
Home/street (22.4%);
School (22.4%)
Scuba
diving
3.1 HRS
Boxing
Canoeing/
kayaking
Cricket
(indoor/
outdoor)
0.8%
0%
2.4 HRS
Gym (72.5%);
Home/street (25.2%);
Community facility (2.3%)
3.4 HRS
--
--
School (53.7%);
4.5% Community facility (29.8%);
Home/street (16.6%)
Home/street (85.8%);
Community facility (14.2%)
3.4 HRS
Cycling
2.0%
Dancing
School (35.2%); Community
7.2% facility (33.0%); Home/street
(25.3%); Gym (6.6%)
2.3 HRS
0%
0.4%
-Dam (100%)
-4.0 HRS
Golf
0.7%
Community facility
(97.2%); School (2.8%)
1.9 HRS
Gymnastic
2.1%
Community facility
(52.2%); School (39.0%);
Home/street (8.8%)
2.0 HRS
School (75.0%);
Community facility (25.0%)
2.7 HRS
Community facility
(64.6%); Farm (35.4%)
1.7 HRS
Gym (48.5%);
Community facility (36.0%);
School (15.4%)
3.9 HRS
School (75.1%);
8.5% Community facility (20.2%);
Home/street (3.2%); Gym
4.5 HRS
Darts
Fishing
Hockey
(indoor/
outdoor)
3.0%
Horse
riding
1.0%
Martial arts/ 1.5%
karate
Netball
Rock
climbing
0%
--
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
2.3 HRS
--
0%
--
Avg. hrs
per week
Rugby
5.8 HRS
Club; shop (51.9%);
1.9% Community facility (30.7%);
Home/street (17.4%)
Location
0%
2.0 HRS
1.3%
Total
Rowing
Aquarobics 0.2% School (100%)
Athletics/
(47.7%); Community
track and
3.0% School
facility (34.2%); Gym (18.2%)
field
Snooker/
pool
52
Location
--
--
2.1 HRS
--
Soccer
(indoor/
outdoor)
Community facility (42.4%);
(28.8%);
25.1% Home/street
School (25.4%); Open
space/soccer club (3.4%)
4.0 HRS
Softball
(84.8%);
1.3% School
Community facility (15.2%)
6.9 HRS
Squash/
racquetball
0%
--
--
Surf sports
0%
--
--
Swimming
School (47.7%); Home/street
2.8% (34.0%); Beach (10.4%);
3.4 HRS
Community facility (7.9%)
Table
tennis
0.4% School (100%)
Swimming
School (47.7%); Home/street
2.8% (34.0%); Beach (10.4%);
3.4 HRS
Community facility (7.9%)
Tennis
(indoor/
outdoor)
Community facility (56.0%);
2.5% Home/street (22.3%);
School (21.6%)
2.6 HRS
Volleyball
0.3% Home/street (100%)
2.0 HRS
Walking
Home/street (83.8%);
8.5% Community facility (13.3%);
School (2.9%)
5.2 HRS
Weight
training
facility (59.0%);
0.5% Community
Home/street (41.0%)
2.0 HRS
2.0 HRS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
As can be seen in the table above, there are several
sports activities that many children are not doing at all.
These include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Badminton.
Darts.
Rock climbing.
Rowing.
Scuba diving.
Squash/racquetball.
Surf sports.
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In contrast to the preferred locations for adults participating
in sport and recreation activities, discussed previously,
schools were mentioned much more frequently for
children’s activities.
With the exception of soccer and basketball, community
facilities were mentioned for more specialised activities,
such as golf, gymnastics, horse riding, sailing, tennis and
weight training.
FIGURE 54: RECREATION FESTIVAL AT PRINCESS VLEI 2009 (SOURCE: SRA)
6.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6
To summarise the findings from this chapter:
• Only a small percentage of adults and children in
Cape Town choose a physical activity when they are
bored. Instead, the majority watch TV, listen to
music or socialise.
• Only a small percentage of adults and children go
to a recreational facility when they are bored.
FIGURE 55: LEARN TO SWIM, BLUE DOWNS SWIMMING POOL 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
• Children generally engage in more physical exercise
than adults in an average week.
• Only one in 10 households has a gym membership.
Approximately one in 10 adults and one in five
children belong to a sports team or club.
• Overall, the most popular sport and recreation
activities are team sports, walking/running and
aerobics, although there are significant differences
across gender, age, race and socio-economic groups.
• Among adults, community facilities are most
commonly used for team sports.
• Among children, schools are the most common
location for sports, with the exception of soccer and
basketball. Community facilities are used primarily
for more specialised activities.
FIGURE 56: CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2009 (SOURCE: SRA)
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CASE STUDY 1
Atlantis /
Witsand
District 1
SES Index Atlantis - 46.20
SES Index Witsand - 57.99
Outskirts of
Cape Town metropole
Located on the outskirts of the Cape Town metropole, yet still within District 1,
Atlantis is bordered by the neighbouring community of Witsand. Both communities fall in the lower income bracket – the SES Index for Atlantis is 46.20, while the
SES Index for Witsand is 57.99. In terms of participation in sport and recreation,
the focus group participants from Atlantis and Witsand provided a detailed picture
of what is happening in their community.
When asked what they do when bored, some residents said they sew or garden,
while others help out with after school programmes. However, many residents
also said they do nothing, but relax at home, sleep or watch TV. For some residents,
this level of inactivity is quite frustrating. For example, one resident said, “For me
it is very sad. I sometimes get angry. There are a lot of young people that are just
sitting at home doing nothing.” According to another, “In Witsand, we have
nothing to do. We just sit and drink alcohol.”
They gave the following reasons for the lack of physical activity:
• No facilities to occupy young people.
• Lack of information from councillors or committees in terms of where to go.
• No programmes for older people, sick people or those with disabilities.
• Social problems like unemployment.
• Lack of safety (for example, for children going to school).
• Can’t afford the costs required to rent the facilities.
• Drugs and alcoholism.
1
5
2
4
3
6
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
There was some disagreement over whether there are sufficient facilities in Atlantis
and Witsand. However, everyone agreed that there is a need for “people that have
the knowledge and the resources to equip people in their leisure time to do something constructive.” They noted that the current facility caretaker sometimes
prevents people from using facilities.
Consequently, the youth in Atlantis and Witsand find less constructive ways to
spend their time. According to one resident, “Due to a lack of halls and playgrounds for the kids, they end up in shebeens and smoking, doing drugs. But I
think if we can get halls and some sports grounds – some of the children want to
become soccer stars and rugby players but no one is helping them.”
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
DISTRICT 5
DISTRICT 6
54
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
Residents also stressed the impact of unemployment on participation in sport and
recreation, stating you cannot expect someone to engage in recreational activities
on an empty stomach. They suggested that departmental resources be used for:
soup kitchens, vegetable gardens, drama, development in music, skills development
(for example, sewing), education and competitive sports. The latter was highlighted
because residents believe their children lose interest in sporting activities because
they are not involved in competitions with other communities or districts.
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
Participation in City Programmes
7
The following chapter assesses participation and satisfaction levels in
programmes organised by the City of Cape Town.
Internal and external stakeholders expressed mixed feelings
about the City’s recreation programmes, as illustrated in
the comments below. According to internal stakeholders:
• “City-provided facilities and activities are
very accessible.”65
• “The facilities are there, but we are not maximising
the use.”66
• “Overall, we have good programmes. We’ve got a lot
of creative guys... but I would say we need more.”67
• “From reports, we have very good programmes.
The challenge is that the impact is not farreaching. Therefore, the issue is not content, but
the impact is not being felt at a broader level.”68
• “We are not reaching enough people.”69
• “There is a general lack of programmes.”70
Among external stakeholders there appears to be a
significant lack of knowledge about the City’s
recreational programmes, as well as a call for
improvements:
•
•
•
•
•
“There is nothing happening in our communities.”71
“I don’t know of any programmes.”72
“I don’t know what programmes they offer.”73
“They can still improve.”74
“There are good programmes but I’m not sure if
community centres are used for the right things.”75
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The wide range of opinions on programmes suggests that
consensus and communication between stakeholders is
just as important as awareness of the perceptions of residents towards City programmes.
7.2 TYPES OF PROGRAMMES
7.1 PARTICIPATION LEVELS
•
•
•
•
•
As can be seen in the pie chart below, only 5.3% of
Cape Town households reported participating in a City
programme in the past year.
Of those households that participated in a City
programme in the past year, the following programmes
were cited most frequently (see Figure 58):
FIGURE 57: HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN A CITY
PROGRAMME IN 2009/10
Soccer (36.7%).
Health and fitness (17.3%).
Music (16.2%).
Dance (15.7%).
Netball (15.6%).
FIGURE 58: CITY PROGRAMMES THAT HOUSEHOLDS
HAVE PARTICIPATED IN
Soccer
Health and fitness
Music
Dance
Netball
Other
Cricket
Rugby
Come and Play
Street soccer
Gym
Yes
5.3%
No
94.7%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
36.7%
17.3%
16.2%
15.7%
15.6%
15.3%
14.0%
11.1%
11.0%
8.6%
5.4%
5.0%
1.9%
1.8%
1.7%
1.5%
1.2%
1.1%
.7%
.7%
.6%
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Dominoes
Ball games
Beach games
Slippery slides
Face painting
Cards
Learn to swim
Egg and spoon races
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Participation in City programmes = 5.3%
This means that 94.7% of households DID
NOT participate in a City programme in the
past year.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
0%
10% 20%
30%
40%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
• Gender: Slightly more women (5.7%) have
participated in City programmes than men (4.9%).
• Age: More seniors (7.5%) have participated in City
programmes than young adults (4.7%) and middleage adults (5.0%).
• Race: More black households (7.6%) and
Asian/Indian households (6.8%) have participated in
City programmes than white (4.0%) or coloured
(4.2%) households.
• SES Index: Almost twice as many lower income
households (6.9%) have participated in City
programmes than upper income households (3.8%).
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
7.3 SATISFACTION LEVELS
Households that have participated in City programmes
were asked to rate the programmes on four different
factors (see Figure 60 on the next page):
•
•
•
•
Ability to meet community’s needs.
Cost.
Marketing/information.
Time of day offered.
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• SES Index: Overall, upper income households
(78.4%) are more satisfied with City programmes
than lower income households (43.8%).
Out of these four factors, households were the least
satisfied with the marketing for the programmes and
with programmes’ ability to meet communities’ needs.
Overall, just over half of the households were positive
about the programmes organised by the City, with an
average of 56.3% stating that they are satisfied or very
satisfied with the four factors. However, this varied quite
significantly across demographic groups.
7.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7
To summarise the findings from this chapter:
• Only a small percentage of households in Cape
Town have participated in City programmes in the
past year.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Overall satisfaction with the City’s
programmes = 56.3%
• Of those households that have participated, the
programmes most frequently mentioned were
soccer (36.7%); health and fitness (17.3%); music
(16.2%); dance (15.7%); and netball (15.6%).
This means that, on average, 43.7% of
households are unsure or not satisfied with
City programmes.
• Just over 50% of households are generally satisfied
with the programmes. However, households were
the least satisfied with the marketing for the
programmes and with the programmes’ ability to
meet communities’ needs.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Overall, men (59.2%) are slightly more
satisfied with City programmes than women
(54.2%). The one exception is with the time of day
programmes are offered – 59.6% of women are
satisfied, while only 55.7% of men are satisfied.
• Age: Overall, seniors (79.6%) are much more
satisfied with City programmes than young adults
(53.9%). Middle-age adults (49.0%) appear to be
the least satisfied.
• Race: Overall, white (87.7%) and Asian/Indian
(87.5%) households are more satisfied with City
programmes than coloured (56.3%) and black
(45.3%) households.
FIGURE 59: HOLIDAY PROGRAMME, SILVERSTROOM RESORT, DISTRICT 3 (SOURCE: SRA)
FIGURE 60: SATISFACTION LEVELS WITH CITY PROGRAMMES
15.9%
Time of day programme offered
58.0%
26.1%
26.2%
53.5%
Marketing for programmes
Unsatisfied
20.2%
Satisfied
18.4%
Programmes’ cost
58.5%
23.1%
Neutral or don’t know
27.3%
55.2%
Ability to meet community’s needs
17.4%
0%
50%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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CASE STUDY 2
Observatory
District 1
SES Index Observatory 14.73
Close to the City centre
In contrast to Atlantis and Witsand, Observatory is located much closer to the City
centre and represents an upper-income community in District 1. The SES Index for
Observatory is 14.73. In contrast to the perception that higher income areas aren’t
as interested in City programmes, the residents that participated in the focus group
provided a range of reasons why the community of Observatory can also benefit
from the Department of Sport and Recreation. This case study highlights the
potential benefits of City programmes for communities like Observatory.
According to the participants, many residents of Observatory are already physically
active. According to one participant, holiday programmes are well attended.
However, most of the participants didn’t know anything about City programmes.
They said they would be very interested and suggested that events/activities should
be advertised in the community newsletters.
Some of the preferred activities in Observatory include:
• Martial arts.
• Soccer and cricket, as well as using the sports fields for playing, kite flying
and general recreation.
• Board games and socialising at the cafes.
• Swimming at the community pool.
• Walking, jogging and bike riding along Liesbeeck Parkway.
All of the participants agreed that there have been a lot of improvements in Observatory, such as the recent refurbishment of the community centre. However, they
said there was still room for improvement, particularly in the following areas:
• Poorly maintained parks and difficulty accessing keys for the locked parks.
• People don’t clean up after their dogs.
• Too many bottle stores – linked to abuse of drugs and alcohol.
• Need more car free zones – too many big trucks on the narrow roads.
1
5
2
4
3
6
Some residents also expressed concern about the heavy-handed approach being
taken towards homeless people and foreigners. One participant, who is originally
from the Congo, said that his children “don’t have a life in Observatory.” They are
scared to play in the street because they have been mugged several times. Residents felt that programmes could be used to unite and integrate the community.
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
DISTRICT 5
DISTRICT 6
58
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
Their ‘wish list’ for Observatory included:
• A skate park.
• Less bottle stores.
• Walking paths with exercise stations – “trim parks”.
• More study facilities at the library.
• More facilities for homeless people.
• More trees.
• Monuments telling the history of Observatory.
• More access for pedestrians and cyclists to the mountains and
nearby communities.
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
Usage & Perceptions of Facilities
8
The following chapter explores knowledge, usage and perceptions
of sport and recreation facilities in Cape Town.
To provide a context for the feedback from residents,
the first section provides a breakdown of the number of
facilities by type and by district.xix
Internal and external stakeholders provided a range of
thoughts on existing facilities.
years, we have concentrated on standard – that is,
the built standard of facilities.”80
• “Our fields are over-played.”81
• “From the stats we get, facilities are over-utilised,
with a focus on sport facilities.”82
According to external stakeholders:
According to internal stakeholders:
• “To be honest, our facilities are not in perfect
shape... [but] they are generally functioning.”76
• “They have become white elephants.”77
• “We’ve got the infrastructure. It’s just getting
people that are out there to use the facilities.”78
• “Our facilities are world class.”79
• “The City has quite good standards. In the last few
• “There’s a lack of maintenance.”83
• “Recreational facilities are on the outskirts of
communities and not within communities.
Recreation facilities need to be central.”84
• “[The physical condition of the facilities] has
improved immensely.”85
• “Outdoor recreation centres are good. They are
very, very nice.”86
xix. The SRA also oversees a number of public toilets, beaches, tidal pools, bathhouses and slipways but these were not included in the graphs in this
chapter, since the emphasis is on community recreation facilities.
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8.1 FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN
The approximate number of recreational facilities varies
quite significantly by district and does not always correspond proportionally with the number of households in
each district (see Table 29 and Figure 61). For example,
the district with the most households (District 3) has the
second lowest percentage of facilities (14.1%).
TABLE 29: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND FACILITIES
PER DISTRICT
As can be seen in Figure 62, community recreation
centres and sportsgrounds are the most common recreation facilities run by the City of Cape Town.
FIGURE 62: SRA RECREATION FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN
(TOTAL = 396)
Community
Recreation Centres
Sportsgrounds
190
147
Indoor Sport Centres
8
Pools
District
Number of
Households (est.)
Number
of Facilities
Stadium
5
Resorts
12
1
135,649
64
2
156,200
74
3
274,476
56
4
148,024
99
5
165,271
70
SOURCE: SRA, 2010
6
88,279
33
As can be seen in Figure 64 on the next page, the
districts also vary in terms of what is available for residents.xx For example, Districts 2, 3 and 5 don’t have any
stadia, while Districts 1, 4 and 5 don’t have any resorts.
District 6 only has two pools, while District 5 has 9.
SOURCE: SRA AND MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 61: COMPARISON OF % OF RECREATION
FACILITIES TO % OF POPULATION BY
SRA DISTRICT
0
100
18.7%
16.1%
District 2
14.1%
District 3
28.4%
25.0%
District 4
15.3%
17.7%
17.1%
District 5
8.3%
9.1%
District 6
0%
20%
% of facilities
% of households
40%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
xx. The needs per district are analysed in more detail in the district reports.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
200
NUMBER OF FACILITIES
16.2%
14.0%
District 1
60
34
FIGURE 63: HARTLEYVALE STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA)
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FIGURE 64: RECREATION FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN
COMPARED BY SRA DISTRICT
Community hall
30
37
30
Community
Recreation Centres
49
29
7
Pools
8
9
12.8%
Game areas
9.9%
Picnic facilities
9.1%
Golf courses
7.3%
Fishing piers
5.2%
Camping areas
4.5%
Boating facilities
3.8%
District 5
Mountain trails
3.0%
District 6
Other
0.6%
District 2
District 3
0
Resorts
23.5%
9.9%
District 4
Stadium
29.7%
Basketball court
2
1
0
0
3
0
1
51.7%
Tennis court
District 1
4
4
56.6%
Swimming pool
35
32
10
Indoor
Sport Centres
Sports field
Pay areas
25
29
16
1
0
3
4
0
0
64.4%
Parks
15
Sportsgrounds
FIGURE 65: RECREATION FACILITIES THAT RESIDENTS
ARE AWARE OF IN THEIR COMMUNITIES
0%
4
3
0
0
5
20%
40%
60% 80%
PERCENTAGE OF COMMUNTIES
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
0 10 20 30 40 50
NUMBER OF FACILITIES
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Knowledge of facilities = 97.8%
SOURCE: SRA, 2010
8.2 KNOWLEDGE OF FACILITIES
Only 2.2% of households do not know of
facilities in their community.
Overall, 97.8% of households know of sport and recreation facilities in their community. The ones that were
identified most frequently are highlighted in Figure 65.
There are no significant differences in levels of knowledge across the demographic groups. However, slightly
more young adults, slightly more black and coloured
households and slightly more lower income households
are aware of facilities than other demographic groups.
When asked which facilities were run by the City, only
0.2% of households said that they did not know. This
was slightly higher among women (0.4%), middle-age
adults (0.3%), coloured households (0.5%) and upper
income households (0.4%).
FIGURE 66: BLUE DOWNS INDOOR SWIMMING POOL (SOURCE: SRA)
More research on a community by community basis
would be required to compare perceptions against the
reality of what facilities are currently managed by the
City in each community.
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8.3 USAGE OF FACILITIES
FIGURE 68: ARE THE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN YOUR
COMMUNITY BENEFITTING THE COMMUNITY?
When asked which facilities are used most often in their
communities, the majority of residents said that community halls, sports fields and parks are used most often
(see Figure 67).xxi This corresponds with the facilities that
are most available (see previous page), which suggests
that usage is not necessarily a good indication of preference but more likely about availability. Preferences will
be discussed in more detail in Chapter 11.
No
51.0%
Yes
49.0%
FIGURE 67: FACILITIES USED MOST OFTEN
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Community hall
35.6%
Sports field
35.4%
Parks
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Perception that facilities are benefiting
communities = 49.0%
19.3%
Pay areas
3.3%
Swimming pool
2.6%
Boating facilities
1.2%
Game areas
0.7%
Tennis court
0.6%
Golf courses
0.5%
Fishing piers
0.5%
Picnic facilities
0.3%
Other
0.1%
Camping areas
0.0%
Basketball court
0.0%
Mountain trails
0.0%
0% 10%
Overall, 51% of households do not think
that facilities are currently benefiting
communities!
When compared across demographic groups, one
finds that:
20%
30%
40%
PERCENTAGE OF COMMUNTIES
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
As can be seen in the graph above, play areas, swimming pools and other types of recreation facilities are
used minimally. However, once again, this could be an
issue of access, rather than preference.
• Gender: Slightly more men (52.7%) think facilities
are benefiting communities than women (45.9%).
• Age: More young adults (56.8%) think facilities are
benefiting communities than middle-age adults
(48.2%) and seniors (39.6%).
• Race: Slightly more white households (58.6%) think
facilities are benefiting community than black
(55.3%), Asian/Indian (54.1%) and coloured
(39.6%) households.
• SES Index: More lower income households
(51.1%) think that facilities are benefiting
communities than upper income households
(46.6%).
8.4 PERCEPTIONS OF THE BENEFITS OF
FACILITIES FOR COMMUNITIES
As can be seen in Figure 68, less than half of households
feel that recreational facilities are benefitting their
community, which corresponds with some of the
comments made by stakeholders.
xx. The needs per district are analysed in more detail in the district reports.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
FIGURE 69: HOLIDAY PROGRAMME, NETBALL IN DU NOON (SOURCE: SRA)
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8.5 SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES
Residents were asked to rate their level of satisfaction
with the facility used most often in their community.
They rated eight different factors (see Figure 71 on the
next page):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Size
Cost
Cleanliness
Management
Location
Operating hours
Booking procedures
Accessibility for wheelchairs
Overall, just over half of the households were positive
about the facilities used most often in their communities, with an average of 54.5% stating that they are
satisfied or very satisfied with the eight factors above.
This is slightly lower than satisfaction levels with City
programmes and there were minor variations across
demographic groups.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Overall satisfaction with community
facilities = 54.5%
This means that, on average, 45.5% of
households are unsure or not satisfied with
the recreation facilities used most often in
their communities!
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Overall, men (55.4%) are slightly more
satisfied than women (53.7%) with the facilities in
their community.
• Age: Overall, young adults (56.1%) are more
satisfied with facilities in their communities than
middle-age adults (54.7%) and seniors (50.9%).
• Race: Overall, white households (68.4%) are much
more satisfied with the facilities in their
communities than black (51.6%), coloured (54.1%)
and Asian/Indian (46.1%) households.
• SES Index: Overall, upper income households
(60.1%) are more satisfied with their recreation
facilities than lower income households (49.4%).
As can be seen in Figure 71, residents are most dissatisfied with the cost, accessibility and management of the
facilities in their communities. This was confirmed in the
focus groups. For example, in the Atlantis focus group,
participants said that there is a resource centre where
women used to go to sew but now they have to pay to
use the place.
In Lwandle, residents were concerned about the
management of the indoor sports facility. They said the
caretaker often won’t let residents use the facility
because they might leave it dirty. Furthermore, they said
that the facilities are expensive – some have been
charged up to R1000 to use the community hall.
In Claremont, residents were concerned that the parks and
fields were not being looked after, posing a danger to residents who wished to play sports. Interestingly, there was
the perception in this group that all the money is being
spent on lower income communities and that public facilities in upper income areas are being neglected.
FIGURE 70: MANDALAY COMMUNITY CENTRE (SOURCE: SRA)
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
63
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FIGURE 71: SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES
17.3%
Size
59.4%
23.3%
20.2%
Cost
46.6%
33.1%
17.8%
Cleanliness/maintenance
58.4%
23.9%
17.8%
Management
Unsatisfied
51.9%
30.3%
Satisfied
15.7%
Location
60.6%
23.7%
Neutral or don’t know
13.7%
Operating hours
57.9%
28.4%
14.9%
Booking procedures
48.6%
36.4%
18.3%
Accessibility for wheelchairs
52.7%
29.0%
0%
50%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
8.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 8
To summarise the findings from this chapter:
• The majority of households in Cape Town
are aware of the sport and recreation
facilities in their communities.
• The facilities used most often are
community halls, sports fields and parks.
• Less than half of households feel that
recreation facilities are currently
benefiting their community.
• However, just over half of households are
satisfied generally with the facilities in
their community.
• Residents are least satisfied with the cost,
accessibility and management of the
facilities in their communities.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
FIGURE 72: TURFHALL SPORTS COMPLEX (SOURCE: SRA)
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CASE STUDY 3
Claremont
District 2
SES Index - 9.38
Southern Suburbs
Claremont is located in District 2, in the Southern Suburbs, and has an SES Index
of 9.38, indicating that it is among the wealthiest suburbs in Cape Town.
However, there are only a few facilities in Claremont that are managed by the
City. Claremont thus presents a useful case study in the discussion of facilities.
According to the focus group participants, there is a widely-held misperception
that facilities in upper income areas are well taken care of and that they prefer
private facilities. However, to the contrary, the participants felt that they would
use the parks and facilities in their area if they were looked after. They also felt that
there are not enough activities, particularly for elderly and disabled residents.
According to one participant, she and her neighbours use paid facilities, not
because they are not interested in public facilities, but because of the “appalling
state” of the public facilities – “Where can you play volleyball in Claremont? Everything here you have to pay for... I love what they did in Khayelitsha, but they are
not doing anything in the established suburbs.”
The residents said their parks are very run down and not well maintained. They
rated Claremont’s facilities as very poor. One participant said that people often get
injured by the stones in the park where they try to play soccer. They suggested
that rather than build new facilities – “There is a serious need to renovate what
we have.” As an example, they pointed to the community hall, which is in serious
need of a facelift.
1
When asked about their interaction with City officials, some of the participants
who work with a residential NGO in Claremont said that officials used to come to
their events (like the Special Olympics) but have been coming less and less. In terms
of City-run programmes, they are not aware of any.
5
2
4
3
6
They suggested that before looking at programmes, the City should address
three things:
• Improving the surfaces of parks and playing fields.
• Providing fences around the parks.
• Improving the facilities.
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
“For me, it’s basic things like fencing that the community needs,” said one participant. “People would love to have programmes. I would have loved for the city to
teach my child to swim. Don’t assume that because we live in Claremont, we don’t
need it.”
DISTRICT 5
DISTRICT 6
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
9
Interaction with
Recreation Staff
The following chapter assesses levels of knowledge, interaction and satisfaction
with recreation staff.
As with programmes and facilities, there were a range of
opinions among stakeholders regarding recreation staff.
According to internal stakeholders:
66
someone knowledgeable to direct the activity.”91
• “In the senior level, there seems to be a shift. People
are more accommodating. They are listening.”92
• “It has improved a lot. They are customer friendly.”93
• “Most of our staff does not have a recreation
background. It’s more facilities management. They
do not know how to engage with the community.”87
• “Very poor. The perception among staff is that
recreation is separate from facility management.”88
• “We can do a lot better.”89
As part of the build-up to the survey, recreation staff at
all levels was involved in a series of workshops. Many
demonstrated a keen interest in finding out the needs of
communities and equipping themselves to become
more engaged.
According to external stakeholders:
9.1 KNOWLEDGE OF RECREATION STAFF
• “Not good enough. More can be done to be more
engaged. They like to sit in their offices.”90
• “There is a lack of leaders in recreation. For
example, in the indigenous recreation activities,
As can be seen in Figure 73, approximately four out of
five residents in Cape Town do not know who to speak
to for information about recreational facilities and
programmes in their community.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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FIGURE 73: KNOWLEDGE OF WHO TO SPEAK TO ABOUT
FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES IN COMMUNITY
FIGURE 74: INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
Yes
15.1%
Yes
18.4%
No
84.9%
No
81.6%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Knowledge of who to speak to about
facilities and programmes = 18.4%
This means that 81.6% of households don’t
know who to speak to about recreational
facilities and programmes!
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Interaction with recreation staff = 15.1%
This means that 84.9%, more than 8 out of
every 10 people, have never interacted
with recreation staff in their communities!
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: More men (20.5%) than women (16.8%)
know who to speak to about sport and recreation
in their community.
• Age: Almost twice as many young adults (22.0%)
and middle-age adults (19.0%) know who to speak
to about sport and recreation compared to seniors
(11.1%).
• Race: Significantly more black residents (27.5%)
know who to speak to about sport and recreation
than coloured (15.5%), white (10.5%) and
Asian/Indian (9.1%) residents.
• SES Index: Almost twice as many lower income
households (23.9%) know who to speak to about
sport and recreation than upper income households
(13.1%).
• Gender: Only slightly more men (16.0%) than
women (14.3%) have interacted with
recreation staff.
• Age: More young adults (17.1%) and middle-age
adults (16.1%) have interacted with recreation staff
than seniors (7.6%).
• Race: More black households (23.3%) have
interacted with recreation staff than coloured
households (11.7%) and white households
(10.3%). No Asian/Indian households (0.0%)
reported interacting with recreation staff.
• SES Index: Twice as many lower income
households (20.4%) have interacted with recreation
staff as upper income households (9.9%).
9.2 INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
Overall, very few residents have met or spoken to recreational staff members in their communities (see Figure 74).
FIGURE 75: STREET SOCCER TOURNAMENT AT HEATHFIELD COURT, ATLANTIS
(SOURCE: SRA)
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9.3 SATISFACTION WITH
RECREATION STAFF
Residents that have interacted with recreation staff were
asked to rate their level of satisfaction with staff in their
communities. They rated four different factors (see
Figure 76):
•
•
•
•
Development of programmes.
Availability.
Relevant skills.
Attitude towards the public.
As can be seen in the graph below, residents are least
satisfied with the ability of recreation staff to develop
programmes and with their degree of relevant skills.
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Overall, more men (64.9%) are satisfied
with recreation staff than women (54.8%).
• Age: Generally, slightly more middle-age adults
(61.1%) are more satisfied with recreation staff
than young adults (59.8%) and seniors (45.6%).
However, the one exception was in perceptions of
the attitudes of recreation staff – more young adults
(72.8%) are satisfied than middle-age adults
(67.7%) and seniors (64.3%).
• Race: More white residents (83.4%) are satisfied
with recreation staff than coloured residents
(72.4%) and black residents (44.8%). Asian/Indian
residents did not provide a rating since they did not
report interacting with recreation staff.
• SES Index: More upper income households
(61.9%) expressed satisfaction with recreation staff
than lower income households (44.7%).
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Overall satisfaction with recreation staff
= 59.6%
This means that, on average, 40.4% of
households are unsure or not satisfied with
the recreation staff in their communities!
On a more positive note, this is slightly
higher than satisfaction levels for
programmes and facilities.
FIGURE 76: SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
22.9%
Friendliness towards the public
68.7%
8.5%
25.3%
Relevant skills
57.3%
17.4%
Unsatisfied
Satisfied
25.0%
Availability
62.2%
12.9%
Neutral or don’t know
31.1%
Development of programmes
18.4%
0%
50.5%
50%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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9.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 9
To summarise the findings from this chapter:
• Less than 20% of households in Cape Town know
who to speak to for information about recreational
facilities and programmes in their community.
• Even fewer residents (15.1%) have interacted with
recreation staff in their communities.
• Satisfaction with recreation staff is slightly higher
than satisfaction levels with programmes and
facilities. However, two out of every five households
are unsure or unsatisfied with recreation staff.
• Residents are most dissatisfied with the ability of
recreation staff to develop programmes and their
level of relevant skills.
FIGURE 77: ASSISTING YOUTH DURING PRINCE ALBERT’S VISIT TO GUGULETHU,
2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
FIGURE 78: GETTING THE BASICS BEFORE TAKING THE PLUNGE, LEARN TO SWIM, BLUE DOWNS SWIMMING POOL 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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CASE STUDY 4
Lwandle
District 6
Highest SES Index
East side of the Cape
Town metropole
5
4
3
Despite the many challenges facing residents of Lwandle, the focus group participants said there is a huge interest and need for sport and recreation in their
community. They said that people in Lwandle are very motivated by sports and
many participate actively, especially on the weekends. The main problem is that
there are not enough facilities to accommodate everyone and access to the existing
facilities is regularly blocked.
As such, the focus group participants provided significant insights into the role
that caretakers and recreation staff play in communities in Cape Town. According
to one participant, the children have a hard time accessing the community’s indoor
sports facility because there is a caretaker who is very strict and doesn’t allow
anyone to use the place because she says they mess up the place and leave it dirty.
As a result of the facility not being used, a sports office in the community was
closed down.
1
2
Lwandle is located in District 6 on the east side of the Cape Town metropole. It has
the highest SES Index of any of the community case studies, suggesting high levels
of unemployment, low levels of education and many other social problems.
Lwandle provides a useful case study when looking at the key role that recreation
staff can play in communities.
6
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
Another participant expressed her frustration with the lack of access to the
community’s facilities – “I love sport… but I feel so frustrated that there is no
access for us to the local facilities.” According to another participant, one of the
biggest problems they face as a community is not knowing to who speak to when
they want to make use of the facilities. Some of the residents have had to travel
as far as Somerset West to book facilities.
DISTRICT 2
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
DISTRICT 5
DISTRICT 6
70
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
However, these challenges haven’t stopped them. According to the participants,
most of the clubs in Lwandle are thriving independently. They said the recreational
programmes are run by the community members themselves, with occasional
assistance from the schools. They didn’t mention any recreation staff assisting
them. The programmes available are: music, soccer, rugby, boxing, traditional
dance, weight lifting, netball, drama and judo. Thus, in terms of recommendations,
the residents see the role of the City as one where the City could provide training
and development for local clubs.
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
Barriers & Motivations
to Participation
10
The following chapter discusses barriers and motivations to participate in sport
and recreation.
The previous chapters touched on many of the barriers
that prevent or discourage Cape Town residents from
participating in sport and recreation. These include:
On the flip side, the chapters also revealed some of the
factors that motivate people to participate in sport
and recreation. These include:
• The habit or tendency to not engage in physical
activities when bored.
• The perception of good personal health even
though most people are not regularly engaging in
physical exercise.
• Low memberships to gyms, sports clubs and teams.
• Lack of knowledge about City programmes and
negative perceptions of City programmes.
• Lack of access to facilities and negative perceptions
of facilities.
• Lack of interaction with recreation staff and
negative perceptions of recreation staff.
• Relatively high levels of participation in certain
sports and recreation activities.
• Positive experiences with City programmes.
• Positive perceptions of community facilities.
• Positive perceptions of recreation staff.
The following chapter explores in more depth the
barriers and motivations to participation in sport and
recreational activities for residents in Cape Town.
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10.1 ADULTS’ REASONS FOR AND
AGAINST PARTICIPATING
As can be seen in Table 30, the number one reason for
participating in sport and recreation – for exercise/to
remain healthy – remained the same across all demographic groups, although it was comparatively lower
among women, young adults, coloured households and
lower income households.
10.1.1 Reasons for participating
As can be seen in Figure 79, the top three reasons why
adult residents participate in sport and recreation in Cape
Town are:
Similarly, the second most popular reason – for enjoyment – also remained consistently second among all
demographic groups, except for seniors, who rated
relaxation second. There was more variety in third and
fourth most common reasons, with more men, more
black households and more lower income households
identifying the opportunity to socialise, while other
groups identified relaxation.
• For exercise/to stay healthy (94.3%).
• For enjoyment (88.7%).
• To relax (82.2%).
A comparison across demographic groups is included in
Table 30.
FIGURE 79: REASONS FOR PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION
For exercise/ to stay healthy
94.3%
For enjoyment
88.7%
To relax
82.2%
To socialise
78.8%
For fresh air
77.8%
To observe the environment
64.3%
For educational reasons
46.7%
To take the children out
35.4%
To use children’s play equipment
29.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 30: COMPARISON OF REASONS FOR PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
SES1- SES2As/In Lower Upper
For exercise/to stay healthy
94.3
90.7
97.1
92.8
94.8
95.5
94.4
100.0
90.0
100.0
91.3
96.5
For enjoyment
88.7
86.5
90.4
90.3
87.7
89.9
85.6
96.8
85.4
100.0
86.2
90.4
To relax
82.2
81.0
83.1
77.3
82.4
92.3
77.9
93.9
77.1
100.0
78.8
84.5
To socialise
78.8
72.8
83.3
76.1
79.4
81.9
81.1
81.9
75.0
65.7
80.6
77.5
For fresh air
77.8
78.5
77.3
75.6
77.0
87.2
77.4
87.4
72.2
60.0
76.5
78.7
To observe the environment
64.3
59.2
68.2
59.3
62.9
83.1
60.8
74.8
59.9
74.3
62.2
65.9
For educational reasons
46.7
48.5
45.3
47.8
47.8
38.6
49.3
39.0
51.5
6.1
51.5
43.3
To take the children out
35.4
35.5
35.3
25.4
39.3
39.0
25.1
39.3
42.9
19.7
30.3
38.9
To use children’s play equipment
29.4
28.5
30.0
22.9
30.2
40.5
16.6
39.1
35.7
100.0
20.2
35.7
Reasons for participating
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10.1.2 Reasons for not participating
As can be seen in the graph below, Cape Town residents
identified a wide range of reasons for not participating
in sport and recreation. These are grouped into four
categories:
6.
• Factors that are within the City’s control (i.e.
number of facilities, etc.);
• Personal reasons (i.e. related to income, health or
family responsibilities);
• Lack of knowledge (the responsibility of both the
individual and the City to provide information);
• Environmental factors (such as problems with safety
in certain communities, bad weather, etc.)
7.
8.
9.
10.
Lack of facilities (51.3%);
Lack of money (36.8%);
Lack of time generally (27.1%);
Unsuitable facilities (26.9%);
People would rather do other things in their
spare time (24.6%);
Costs of facilities, activities and transport
(23.4%);
Don’t know what’s available (21.6%)
People don’t feel fit enough (20.1%);
Home and family responsibilities (19.4%);
Limited access (18.4%);
The City has some control over half of the factors
mentioned (see the ones highlighted – facilities, costs,
information and access). The other five are more personal
reasons linked to social problems, such as poverty, as well
as lifestyle, attitude and health. However, these also link
closely to the City’s mandate of community development
and upliftment through sport and recreation.
Overall, the top ten barriers that were identified most
frequently were:
FIGURE 80: REASONS WHY ADULT RESIDENTS DON’T PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION
51.3%
CITY REASONS
Lack of facilities
26.9%
Unsuitable facilities
23.4%
Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and transport)
18.4%
Limited access
18.2%
Too far away, not convenient
11.7%
Too crowded
36.8%
Lack of money
27.1%
Lack of time generally
24.6%
Rather do other things
20.1%
PERSONAL REASONS
Not fit enough
19.4%
Home and family responsibilities
17.2%
Personal reasons
Work/study demands
17.0%
Lack of knowledge
Health problems
15.7%
LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE
Environmental reasons
15.0%
Too old
14.9%
Not interested
ENVIRONMENTAL
REASONS
Reasons within the City’s mandate
Insufficient time due to work/study
Taking care of someone
14.0%
Too much effort
13.4%
9.1%
Too lazy
21.6%
Don’t know what’s available
Don’t know where recreational facilities are
14.7%
Feel unsafe
16.9%
Public transport not available
11.6%
Bad weather
9.7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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• Gender: Though men and women differed slightly in
terms of actual percentages, both identified the same
top five as the overall sample.
• Age: Although they agreed on the lack of facilities as
the number one reason, seniors differed significantly
with the other two age groups, identifying lack of
fitness and being too old as two of their top five
reasons for not participating.
• Race: While all agreed on the number one reason
being lack of facilities, the top five barriers differed
quite significantly across the racial groups, with black
and coloured households identifying costs more
When one compares reasons for not participating in
sport and recreation across demographic groups, one
finds some significant differences (see Table 31). Firstly,
looking at the whole list, women identified all the barriers
more frequently than men, except in the area of insufficient
time due to work/study and work/study demands. On
average, young adults identified more barriers than their
older counterparts, except in the areas of age and health.
Similarly, coloured households generally identified more
barriers, as well as lower income households. Secondly,
looking only at the top five reasons, which are highlighted in each column, one can see that:
TABLE 31: COMPARISON OF REASONS FOR NOT PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACROSS
DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS (%)
Gender
Reasons against participating Total
Age Group
Race
SES
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
SES1- SES2As/In Lower Upper
Lack of facilities
51.3
52.4
49.9
55.7
51.8
42.4
58.7
41.3
50.7
33.4
60.5
42.2
Unsuitable facilities
26.9
28.4
25.2
32.9
25.5
24.7
30.3
6.9
33.3
22.0
37.4
16.8
Costs
23.4
25.3
21.1
26.3
22.6
22.8
24.3
5.9
30.3
21.8
30.2
16.7
Limited access
18.4
20.2
16.1
24.9
17.3
13.6
20.5
1.7
23.7
23.8
25.9
11.1
Too far away
18.2
19.9
16.2
24.1
16.9
15.5
20.8
4.1
22.2
22.6
24.5
12.1
Too crowded
11.7
13.7
9.3
15.3
11.4
8.1
15.0
3.0
13.0
12.8
15.9
7.7
Lack of money
36.8
38.6
34.5
38.7
37.4
31.1
42.3
8.2
45.8
18.0
49.1
24.8
Lack of time generally
27.1
27.7
26.4
26.4
30.2
15.0
32.8
19.2
27.0
12.8
31.4
23.0
Rather do other things
24.6
25.6
23.4
27.2
23.4
26.3
22.1
13.7
30.9
31.3
28.4
21.0
Not fit enough
20.1
21.2
18.6
14.9
18.6
33.9
14.2
11.2
28.4
12.9
20.9
19.3
Home and family responsibilities
19.4
21.5
16.8
16.6
21.3
14.8
20.3
7.8
23.9
11.3
23.2
15.6
Insufficient time due to work/study
17.2
14.6
20.3
24.2
17.4
6.1
17.7
15.8
17.0
27.1
15.7
18.7
Work/ study demands
17.0
13.9
20.8
25.6
16.7
6.3
17.8
14.5
17.5
16.3
15.3
18.7
Health problems
15.7
18.2
12.5
9.0
15.4
26.2
16.7
5.4
19.3
15.9
21.1
10.3
Too old
15.0
16.4
13.2
7.3
11.8
39.6
14.5
10.2
17.4
14.4
17.0
13.0
Not interested
14.9
17.2
12.1
15.8
15.0
13.2
17.0
5.1
17.2
23.8
18.8
11.1
Taking care of someone
14.0
15.6
12.0
14.1
14.2
12.7
14.3
1.9
18.9
12.8
16.2
11.8
Too much effort
13.4
14.9
11.6
15.1
12.7
14.4
15.0
4.6
16.1
12.8
17.6
9.4
9.1
10.6
7.2
13.2
8.8
4.6
12.2
4.2
8.8
12.8
10.9
7.3
Don’t know what’s available
21.6
24.5
18.2
27.4
19.9
21.1
18.4
9.1
29.4
21.8
27.0
16.4
Don’t know where facilities are
14.7
16.1
13.1
21.2
13.0
13.3
15.5
3.6
18.8
18.7
19.3
10.3
Feel unsafe
16.9
19.4
13.8
20.9
16.3
13.8
16.4
4.1
23.0
13.1
23.7
10.3
Public transport not available
11.6
12.4
10.8
14.1
10.2
14.4
13.0
3.4
14.1
14.4
14.3
9.1
9.7
10.4
8.8
11.6
9.4
8.3
10.8
2.5
11.8
12.8
13.3
6.1
Too lazy
Bad weather
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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frequently, while lack of time was more prevalent
among white, Asian and Indian households.
• SES Index: Upper and lower income households also
differ significantly in terms of barriers, with upper
income households mentioning a preference for doing
other things and a lack of interest in their top five,
while unsuitable facilities and costs were mentioned
much more frequently by lower income households.
Thirdly, one can also use Table 31 (on the previous page)
to pick out specific barriers like poor health and compare
these across demographic groups. For example, women,
seniors, coloured households and lower income households mentioned health as a barrier much more
frequently than other groups.
FIGURE 81: REASONS WHY CHILDREN PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACCORDING TO THE CARETAKERS
To play
93.1%
For enjoyment
91.4%
For exercise/ to stay healthy
88.4%
To socialise
82.9%
To relax
82.7%
For fresh air
76.6%
For educational reasons
67.1%
To observe the environment
61.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
10.2 CHILDREN’S REASONS FOR AND
AGAINST PARTICIPATING
To compare whether the motivators and barriers for
children are similar to the motivators and barriers for
adults, survey respondents who have children in their
households were asked to identify the reasons why their
children participate in sport and recreation, as well as
the reasons why their children do not participate.
As would be expected, opportunities for play are much
more important for children than the top reasons
mentioned by adults. However, for both groups, enjoyment and health were rated in the top three.
10.2.1 Reasons for participating
As can be seen in Figure 81 above, the top three reasons
why children participate in sport and recreation are:
• To play (93.1%);
• For enjoyment (91.4%);
• For exercise/to stay healthy (88.4%).
FIGURE 82: MFULENI FIELDTRIP 2009 (SOURCE: SRA)
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10.2.2 Reason for not participating
7.
8.
9.
10.
According to their caretakers, the top ten reasons why
children don’t participate in sport and recreation are as
follows (see Figure 83):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Limited access (28.8%);
Don’t know what’s available (25.5%);
Don’t know where facilities are (23.4%);
Insufficient time due to school (20.3%).
In contrast to the adult reasons for not participating,
factors within the City’s control (see highlighted) came
up more frequently for children, as well as their lack of
knowledge about facilities and programmes. Another
key difference is that safety came up as the fifth most
significant reason why children don’t participate.
Lack of facilities (64.1%);
Lack of money (44.9%);
Unsuitable facilities (43.2%);
Costs of facilities, activities and transport (33.8%);
Children feel unsafe (31.5%);
Facilities too far away (29.8%);
FIGURE 83: REASONS WHY CHILDREN DON’T PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACCORDING
TO THEIR CARETAKERS
Lack of facilities
64.1%
CITY REASONS
Unsuitable facilities
43.2%
Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and transport)
33.8%
Too far away, not conveniently located
29.8%
Limited access
28.8%
Too crowded
15.4%
PERSONAL REASONS
Lack of money
44.9%
Insufficient time due to school/studying
20.3%
Rather do other things in leisure time
18.6%
Lack of time generally
16.8%
Reasons within the City’s mandate
Not fit enough
13.5%
Not interested
10.8%
Home and family responsibilities
10.4%
Health problems
9.9%
Too lazy
8.9%
Too much effort/ can’t be bothered
Lack of knowledge
Environmental reasons
8.3%
Taking car of someone
LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE
Personal reasons
5.8%
Don’t know what’s available
25.5%
Don’t know where recreational facilities are
23.4%
ENVIRONMENTAL
REASONS
Feel unsafe
31.5%
Bad weather
14.9%
Public transport not available
13.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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FIGURE 84: NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES WHILE PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION
Injured
9.7%
Being made fun of
9.5%
Found out about programmes too late
7.5%
Feeling uncomfortable
7.2%
Feeling isolated
6.0%
Physically attacked
5.0%
Reprimanded
4.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 85: POSITIVE EXPERIENCES WHILE PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION
Making friends
74.0%
Feeling comfortable
71.4%
Feeling excited
71.2%
Increase in confidence
71.2%
Experience a sense of belonging
69.6%
Losing weight
0%
61.4%
20%
40%
60%
80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
10.3 NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EXPERIENCES
WITH SPORT AND RECREATION
In addition to the reasons behind why adults or children
choose to participate in sport and recreation or not,
negative and positive experiences also have a role to
play. Respondents were asked to identify experiences
they’ve had that were either negative or positive.
As can be seen in the graphs above, the top three negative
experiences associated with sport and recreation are:
• Getting injured (9.7%);
• Being made fun of (9.4%);
• Finding out about programmes too late (7.5%).
The top three positive experiences are:
• Making friends (74.0%);
• Feeling comfortable (71.4%);
• Feeling excited (71.2%).
As can be seen by the percentages above, many more
people identified with positive experiences, than those
that identified with negative experiences.
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10.4 ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT
AND RECREATION
When compared across demographic groups,
one finds that:
As potential barriers and motivators, the survey also
looked at attitudes towards sport and recreation. At a City
level, stakeholders noted that sport and recreation are not
given as much priority as services that are perceived to
meet more basic needs. However, they all acknowledged
the importance of sport and recreation for community and
individual development and many felt that more priority
and budget should be given to sport and recreation.
• Gender: Slightly more women (90.9%) feel that
sport and recreation are important compared to
men (87.2%).
• Age: Slightly more young adults (91.0%) feel that
sport and recreation are important compared to
middle-age adults (89.2%) and seniors (87.2%).
• Race: More black residents (92.9%) feel that sport
and recreation are important than Asian/Indian
residents (89.4%), coloured residents (87.9%) and
white residents (86.2%).
• SES Index: Slightly more lower income households
(90.4%) feel that sport and recreation are
important compared to upper income households
(88.2%).
10.4.1 Perceptions of importance of sport
and recreation for communities
As can be seen in Figure 86, the majority of households
in Cape Town feel that sport and recreation are very
important for communities in Cape Town.
FIGURE 86: PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
SPORT AND RECREATION FOR
COMMUNITIES IN CAPE TOWN
100%
79.6%
60%
100%
1.5% 1.0% 1.1%
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
72.0%
40%
13.1%
20%
9.7%
2.6% 1.0% 1.6%
Don’t know
0%
Not important at all
This means that 10.7% of adult residents
are not sure or do not feel that sport and
recreation are important for communities
in Cape Town.
60%
Not very important
Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Belief that sport and recreation is
important for communities = 89.3%
80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
Don’t know
Not important at all
Not very important
Neutral
Somewhat important
0%
Neutral
9.7% 7.2%
Somewhat important
20%
Very important
40%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
78
Even when asked to compare the importance of sport
and recreation to other needs in their community,
almost three out of every four households still rated
sport and recreation as very important (see Figure 87).
FIGURE 87: PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
SPORT AND RECREATION COMPARED TO
OTHER NEEDS
Very important
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
80%
10.4.2 Perceptions of importance of sport
and recreation compared to
other needs
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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Key Performance Indicator (KPI):
Belief that sport and recreation is important
compared to other needs = 85.1%
This means that 14.9% of adult residents are
not sure or do not feel that sport and
recreation are important compared to
other needs.
recreation is important compared to other needs.
• Race: There was no significant difference across
the groups.
• SES Index: There was no significant difference
between upper and lower income households.
10.4.3 Perceptions of benefits
When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
As can be seen in Figure 88, residents ranked a range of
ways that sport and recreation benefit communities in
Cape Town. Overall, the top five benefits for more than
half of the households are:
• Gender: More women (87.9%) than men (81.8%)
think that recreation is important compared to
other needs.
• Age: Slightly more middle-age adults (85.6%) than
seniors (85.5%) or young adults (83.7%) think that
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Providing opportunities to enjoy the outdoors;
Developing youth;
Improving health and wellness;
Bringing the community together;
Creating a sense of pride in the community.
FIGURE 88: BENEFITS OF SPORT AND RECREATION FOR COMMUNITIES
57.5%
Providing opportunities to enjoy outdoors
Developing youth
54.0%
Improving health and wellness
53.7%
Bringing the community together
53.5%
Creating a sense of pride in your community
53.2%
Providing opportunities for skills development
51.1%
Providing educational opportunities
50.3%
Protecting the natural environment
49.9%
49.3%
Helping the elderly and people with disabilities
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
10.4.4 Levels of interest
To further assess attitudes towards sport and recreation,
residents were asked to rate their level of interest in:
• Participating in City programmes;
• Participation in recreation programmes organised by
other organisations;
• Volunteering for a recreation programme organised
by the City.
As can be seen in the table on the next page, very few
residents said that they are not interested at all.
Combining those that are somewhat and very excited,
62.6% are interested in City programmes, 63.2% are
interested in other pro-grammes and 53.8% are interested in volunteering.
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When compared across demographic groups, one finds
the following:
• Gender: Slightly more men are interested in City
programmes and volunteering, while slightly more
women are interested in participating in
programmes run by other organisations.
• Age: More young adults were interested in
participating in programmes run by the City and
programmes run by other organisations, as well
volunteering, than middle-age adults and seniors.
• Race: Black residents were slightly less interested in
participating in City programmes than the other
race groups, but the most interested in volunteering
for the City.
• SES Index: Slightly more upper income households
were interested in participating in City programmes,
other programmes and volunteering than lower
income households.
TABLE 32: HOW RESIDENTS FEEL ABOUT PARTICIPATING OR VOLUNTEERING INRECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES
Levels of Interest
Don’t care
at all
Not very
excited
Neutral
Somewhat
excited
Very
excited
Don’t
know
Participating in recreation programmes
organised by the City
4.3%
9.7%
20.1%
23.0%
39.6%
3.3%
Participating in recreation programmes
organised by other organisations
3.3%
9.6%
20.2%
23.2%
40.0%
3.6%
Volunteering for a recreation programme
organised by the City
7.2%
11.9%
23.8%
19.0%
34.8%
3.3%
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
10.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 10
To summarise the main findings covered in Chapter 10:
• Exercise, enjoyment and relaxation are among the
top three reasons why adult residents participate in
sport and recreation in Cape Town.
• The most commonly mentioned barriers included
personal and social reasons, as well as factors
within the City’s mandate. Lack of facilities was the
top reason for not participating across all
demographic groups.
• For children, play, enjoyment and relaxation are the
top reasons for participating in sport and recreation.
80
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
• The majority of residents feel that sport and
recreation are important for communities in Cape
Town. This feeling remained strong even when
compared to other needs in the City.
• Residents feel that the main benefits of sport and
recreation are: providing opportunities to enjoy the
outdoors; developing youth; improving health and
wellness; bringing communities together; and
creating a sense of pride in communities.
• Just over 50% of residents are interested in
participating in City programmes and volunteering
for the City.
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CASE STUDY 5
Delft
District 4
SES Index - 60.81
Delft is located in SRA District 4 and has an SES Index of 60.81, which places it
in the category of lower income communities. Delft is a good example of a
community where numerous social problems create barriers to participation in
recreation, combined with a lack of facilities and a lack of information about
recreational programmes.
In terms of social problems, focus group participants highlighted that unemployment
is a huge issue in the Delft community. According to the residents, many people
would rather look for jobs than worry about recreation activities and facilities.
However, for those that are interested in pursuing recreational activities, accessibility is a further problem. The focus group participants indicated that there are
certain groups within the community who claim ownership of sports fields, halls,
playgrounds, etc. When other residents want to use these facilities, they need to
get the permission from these groups to utilise the facilities. In some cases, they
also have to pay an affiliation fee to these groups/boards in order to use the facilities in the community.
When asked who these boards/groups are, the participants were unable to give a
name or description of who sits on the board or belongs to these groups. One
participant highlighted that in some instances recreation and sporting facilities are
controlled by gangs, who also demand payment to use the facility.
1
In addition to issues of access, it was further noted that children do not participate
in recreation activities because:
5
2
4
3
6
• They are not aware of the recreation activities taking place within the
community (only the “select few” are aware).
• There is a lack of recreation facilities in the area, including a lack of
equipment (according to the participants, there are only two recreation
facilities in Delft).
• The programmes provided are not the programmes children want to
participate in.
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
DISTRICT 5
As a result of limited recreational facilities and activities, Delft participants stressed
that children in their community are sitting on the street corners doing nothing,
except drugs and drinking (and can often be found in the shebeens and/or taverns).
It was also noted that because of the drug problem in the area, children steal from
their parents (household items, money, etc) in order to feed their addiction.
DISTRICT 6
In addition to the drug and alcohol problems preventing children from participating
in recreation activities, participants said that it is dangerous for the youth to participate, as these activities take place quite late, at times, and they have to walk home
in the dark. Many have no money for travelling.
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
11
Desired Interventions
The following chapter will discuss the desired interventions that residents
would like to see in their communities.
This will be explained in terms of ways to encourage
participation in sport and recreation, as well as specific
suggestions for preferred types of facilities, programmes,
operating hours and communication channels.
In the 2009/10 Community Satisfaction Survey, Cape
Town residents ranked a list of initiatives in terms of
development priorities for the City. Recreation facilities
were not included in the list provided to them. However,
as discussed in the previous chapter, other social
problems have a significant impact on participation in
sport and recreation.
The top two priorities for the past three years have been
creating jobs and preventing crime.94 Both of these
needs were identified by the Recreation Survey respondents and focus group participants as well.
Comments by stakeholders will be included at the end
of this chapter.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
11.1 ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION
AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS
As can be seen in Figure 89 on the next page, the top five
ways to encourage participation among adult residents are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have programmes for all ages;
Make areas safer;
Introduce programmes the community wants;
Improve the condition of facilities;
Make programmes and facilities more accessible.
These findings are compared by demographic groups in
Appendix 4. Across the demographic groups, there is
general agreement on preferred ways to encourage
participation. However, there are a few exceptions:
• White and upper income residents did not rank
‘make the area safer’ in the top five.
• Senior and Asian/Indian residents included
‘marketing programmes better’ in the top five.
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FIGURE 89: PREFERRED WAYS TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION AMONG ADULTS
Have programmes for all ages
91.8%
Make the area safer
91.0%
Introduce programmes that the community wants
90.6%
Improve the condition of the facilities
90.6%
Make programmes and facilities more accessible
90.4%
Involve more community members
88.9%
Market the programmes better
88.9%
Improve the skills of the City staff
86.4%
Reduce the costs for hiring facilities
86.0%
Change in operational hours
80.3%
Offer food as incentive for participating
70.3%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95% 100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.2 ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION
AMONG CHILDREN
11.3 DESIRED FACILITIES AND
PROGRAMMES
According to their caretakers, children can be encouraged
to participate in sport and recreation in very similar ways
to adults. As can be seen in the graph below, the top five
ways to encourage participation among children are:
Overall, the top five facilities that residents would most
like to have in their communities are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Have programmes for all ages;
Improve the condition of the facilities;
Introduce programmes the community wants;
Make the area safer;
Make programmes and facilities more accessible.
These are the same top five as those identified for
adults, although in a slightly different order.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Multi-use game areas;
Swimming pool;
Community hall or recreation centre;
Sports field;
Parks.
While these top five are fairly consistent across all demographic groups, one finds some differences in terms of
their order of priority (see tables on the next page).
FIGURE 90: PREFERRED WAYS TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION AMONG CHILDREN
Have programmes for all ages
93.5%
93.2%
93.1%
93.0%
92.9%
92.2%
91.5%
90.8%
88.9%
85.3%
Improve the condition of the facilities
Introduce programmes that the community wants
Make the area safer
Make programmes and facilities more accessible
Involve more community members
Market the programs better
Reduce the costs for hiring facilities
Improve the skills of the City staff
Change in operational hours
80.6%
Offer food as an incentive for participating
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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In terms of desired programmes, the top five that residents would most like to have are:
FIGURE 91: DESIRED FACILITIES
Multi-use game areas
27.1%
Swimming pool
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
15.6%
Community hall
12.9%
Sports field
12.2%
Parks
9.3%
Play areas
5.3%
Golf courses
5.0%
Other
3.0%
Tennis court
2.9%
Picnic facilities
2.9%
Basketball court
1.7%
Boating facilities
1.2%
Fishing piers
0.8%
0%
Interestingly, even though many people are involved in
more formal sport activities (see Chapter 6), sports like
cricket, soccer and netball only came a bit further down
the list. The tables below provide a breakdown of the
top five preferred facilities and programmes for each
demographic group. (Additional tables with percentages
are included in Appendix 4).
20%
40%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 92: DESIRED PROGRAMMES
Health and Fitness
Come and Play
Arts and Crafts
Games for seniors
Music
Cricket
Soccer
Dance
Ball games
Learn to swim
Netball
Street soccer
Dominoes
Cards
Inside and outside
Gym
Indigenous games
Slippery slides
Egg and spoon races
Beach games
Obstacle courses
Face painting
Rugby
Other
46.2%
43.7%
36.5%
27.2%
22.6%
22.0%
20.6%
20.3%
17.1%
17.0%
13.8%
10.5%
7.4%
6.8%
6.6%
5.6%
5.6%
5.4%
5.4%
5.0%
4.7%
4.5%
4.2%
4.0%
0%
20%
Health and fitness;
Come and Play;
Arts and crafts;
Games for seniors;
Music.
40%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
60%
11.3.1 Gender comparison
Although men and women ranked their first and second
choice in facilities the same (see tables below), one
significant difference between them is that more men
included golf courses in their top five facilities, where as
women would prefer parks. Men also ranked sports field
higher than women, where as more women prefer a
community hall or resource centre.
TABLE 33: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR WOMEN
five facilities
# Top
for women:
#
Top five
programmes
for women:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Music
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Community hall or resource centre
Parks
Sports field
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 34: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR MEN
five facilities
# Top
for men:
#
Top five
programmes
for men:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Cricket
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Sports field
Community hall or recreation centre
Golf courses
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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11.3.2 Age comparison
All three age groups selected the same top five facilities
although in a slightly different order of priority.
TABLE 35: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR YOUNG ADULTS
five facilities
# Top
for young adults:
Top five
# programmes
for young adults:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Sports field
Community hall or recreation centre
Parks
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Music
Dance
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 36: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR MIDDLE-AGE ADULTS
Top five facilities for middle# age adults:
Top five
# programmes for
middle-age adults:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Community hall or recreation centre
Sports field
Parks
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Cricket
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 37: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR SENIORS
# Top five facilities for seniors:
Top five
# programmes
for seniors:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Community hall or recreation centre
Parks
Swimming pool
Sports field
Games for seniors
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Health and fitness
Cricket
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.3.3 Race comparison
There were more striking differences between the race
groupings than any of the other demographic groups.
To note two examples – black residents were the only
ones to rank sports field number one, while white and
Asian/Indian residents included golf courses in their
top five.
TABLE 38: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR BLACK RESIDENTS
# Top five facilities for
black residents:
Top five
# programmes for
black residents:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Sports field
Swimming pool
Community hall or resource centre
Multi-use game areas
Parks
Health and fitness
Arts and crafts
Soccer
Come and Play
Music
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 39: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR COLOURED RESIDENTS
# Top five facilities for
coloured residents:
Top five
# programmes for
coloured residents:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Community hall or resource centre
Sports field
Parks
Come and Play
Health and fitness
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Cricket
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 40: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR WHITE RESIDENTS
# Top five facilities for
white residents:
Top five
# programmes for
white residents:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Parks
Community hall or resource centre
Golf courses
Health and fitness
Arts and crafts
Come and Play
Games for seniors
Music
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 41: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR ASIAN/INDIAN RESIDENTS
# Top five facilities for
Asian/Indian residents:
Top five
for
# programmes
Asian/Indian
residents:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Multi-use game areas
Golf courses
Parks
Sports field
Tennis courts
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Cricket
Music
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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85
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11.3.4 SES Index comparison
FIGURE 93: PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR PROGRAMMES
#
Top five
programmes for
lower income
households:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Soccer
Music
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Sports field
Community hall or recreation centre
Parks
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 43: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
five facilities for upper
# Top
income households:
#
Top five
programmes for
upper income
households:
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Music
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Community hall or recreation centre
Parks
Sports field
60%
40%
20%
0%
15.1%
12.1%
0.7%
2.4%
Late at night
five facilities for lower
# Top
income households:
69.6%
Evening
TABLE 42: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES
FOR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
80%
Afternoon
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
Lower income and upper income households ranked the
same top five preferred facilities, although the order of
preference varied slightly.
Morning
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SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
in the early morning before work. Also slightly more
men (17.2%) would prefer programmes in the evening
than women (13.4%). Appendix 4 contains a full table
with percentages.
In addition to their preferred time of day, residents were
also asked to indicate the characteristics that are most
important for them in sport and recreational
programmes (see Figure 95). The top five characteristics,
in order of importance are:
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.4 PREFERENCES FOR PROGRAMMES
For the majority of residents (69.6%), the preferred
time of day for recreation programmes is afternoon.
Evening is the next most preferred time for about one
in seven residents. When compared across demographic groups one finds very little variation, except
that slightly more black residents (3.8%) and lower
income households (3.3%) would prefer programmes
FIGURE 94: UNDER 9 SOCCER, RYGATE (SOURCE: SRA)
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Physical and mental fitness;
Done for enjoyment and relaxation;
Involves other communities;
Mass involvement of the community;
Formal codes and rules.
These did not differ significantly across the demographic
groups (see Appendix 4), with the exception of white
residents, who did not include ‘mass involvement of the
community’ in their top five preferred components.
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FIGURE 95: PREFERRED ASPECTS OF SPORT AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES
Physical and mental fitness
94.0%
Done for enjoyment and relaxation
94.0%
Involves other communities
90.4%
Mass involvement from the community
89.6%
Formal codes and rules
87.9%
Limited number of people involved
73.8%
Competitive
71.5%
Non-competitive
67.9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.5 PREFERRED COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
According to the 2009/10 Community Satisfaction Survey,
residents prefer to receive information about what the
municipality is doing via community newspapers (61%),
word of mouth (45%) and pamphlets (40%). For lower
income communities, meetings in their area were also
noted as a preferred communication channel.95
11.6 PREFERRED PARTNERS
Survey respondents were asked to indicate potential
partners for the Department of Sport and Recreation.
These suggestions are included in the district reports, as
well as district preferences for communication channels.
As can be seen in the graph on the next page, preferences
for communication about recreational programmes and
facilities differ from how residents prefer to receive other
information from the municipality (according to the
Community Satisfaction Survey). The top five preferred
methods of communication are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Street posters or billboards;
Radio programmes;
Word of mouth;
Television programmes;
Print media.
A comparison by demographic groups can be found in
Appendix 4.
FIGURE 96: HIV AIDS AWARENESS IN WYNBERG (SOURCE: SRA)
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FIGURE 97: PREFERRED CHANNELS FOR RECEIVING INFORMATION ABOUT RECREATIONAL
PROGRAMMES AND FACILITIES
Street posters or billboards
89.2%
Radio programmes
87.2%
Word of mouth
85.1%
Television programmes
83.0%
Print
82.6%
Community meetings
82.0%
Door to door visits
79.4%
74.7%
Direct mail
70.7%
Via SMS
55.2%
Electronic
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
11.7 SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS
BY STAKEHOLDERS
The internal and external stakeholders that were interviewed had a range of suggestions for increasing
participation and improving on the recreational services
provided to Cape Town residents.
• “If you want more people involved, you would
either need more volunteers (or human resources)
or you would need more equipment.”104
• “Businesses should get involved through
sponsorships.”105
A common thread through these comments is the
emphasis on partnerships, health and education.
11.7.1 Promoting recreation
11.7.2 Improving programmes
The following suggestions were made for promoting
recreation generally:
• “In terms of strategies, the City needs to
collaborate more with the District Sports Councils
and the Facility Management Committees.”96
• “[Help] people to get one thing they want to do
and adopt it in their lifestyle.”97
• “Have a ‘month for recreation’ annually.”98
• “People need to feel like they are playing in a safe
environment. There needs to be visible policing.”99
• “Make people more aware of the link between
physical activity and health.”100
• “There needs to be an awareness campaign around
the benefits of recreational programmes.”101
• “Engage with communities and show them
recreation leads to a healthy lifestyle.”102
• “We need a strategy to speak to both young
and old.”103
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
When it comes to programmes, stakeholders made the
following suggestions:
• “We should not have once-off activities. We need
programmes that speak to people and to their
reality.”106
• “Get high schools involved, for example, involve
pupils as volunteers.”107
• “We should also focus on adults (particularly, senior
citizens).”108
• “The City should make material available to the
community at large which informs them on
activities happening, where they can go and when
the activities take place.”109
• “We need community-specific interventions looking
at existing sporting codes and activities.”110
• “Engage other departments – for example, if it’s a
reading programme, get the libraries involved.”111
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The key themes running through these comments are
sustainability, community and volunteer involvement
and community-specific interventions, utilising partnerships with other departments.
11.7.3 Improving facilities
Stakeholders made several comments with regards to
improving facilities, including the following:
• “Facilities should be used to generate income –
which goes back to the community.”112
• “We must be able to compare our facilities
internationally.”113
• “Make an effort to get kids and women back into
our community centres.”114
• “We have to make sure that wherever we build
houses, through the integrated human
settlements, space should be made for fields.”115
Overall, stakeholders were concerned that facilities be integrated within communities, used optimally for all target
audiences and maintained according to high standards.
11.7.4 Empowering recreation staff
The following comments capture the key suggestions
made by stakeholders with regard to empowering recreation staff:
• “The training of city officials should include:
implementation of activities; how to engage
communities and a shift in mindset – that we are
serving the community.”116
• “We need to get to know the community needs
and tackle social issues through implementing
developmental programmes... We need to speak
to the community.”117
The main emphasis in these and other comments
regarding recreation staff is on the need for training and
community engagement.
FIGURE 98: SEA POINT POOL (SOURCE: SRA)
11.8 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 11
To summarise the findings discussed in Chapter 11:
• The majority of residents feel that the best ways to
encourage participation among adults and children
are to have programmes for all ages, make the area
safer, introduce programmes the community wants,
improve the conduction of facilities and make
programmes and facilities more accessible.
• Overall, the facilities most sought after by residents
are: multi-use game areas, swimming pools,
community halls, sports fields and parks. These
were ranked slightly differently depending on the
demographic group.
• The top five preferred programmes are: health and
fitness, Come and Play, arts and crafts, games for
seniors and music. These varied according to
demographic groups, with some groups also
including soccer, cricket and dance in their top five.
• Across all demographic groups, the majority of
residents prefer afternoon for recreation
programmes.
• Residents also prefer programmes that contribute to
physical and mental fitness, provide enjoyment and
relaxation, involve other communities, involve mass
involvement in their community and utilise formal
codes and rules.
• The preferred communication channels for receiving
information about sport and recreation are: street
posters and billboards, radio programmes, word of
mouth, television programmes and print media.
• A range of suggestions were made by stakeholders
regarding ways to promote recreation,
improvements to programmes, improvements to
facilities and ways to empower recreation staff.
FIGURE 99: RECREATION FESTIVAL IN PRINCESS VLEI
(SOURCE: SRA)
FIGURE 100: KHULANI BEACH SOCCER, SPORTING
CHANCE, 2008 (SOURCE: SRA)
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CASE STUDY 6
Khayelitsha
District 3
SES Index - 66.29
Located in District 3, with an SES Index of 66.29, Site B in Khayelitsha provides an
excellent case study of an area where residents are passionate about the interventions
they would like to see in their community but very aware of the barriers as well.
According to one focus group participant, “There is an overwhelming desire for the kids
to take part in sports here, but there are no facilities for them.”
Qualifying the comment slightly, another participant pointed out that there is a community hall, but the main need is for fields and equipment. They noted that, currently,
residents in Site B have to cross the railway lines to play on a makeshift field, in contrast
to other areas in Khayelitsha that have fields and multiple facilities.
Despite the lack of fields in Site B, residents are using the hall for a range of activities
including: basketball, boxing, karate, soccer, ballroom dance, dominoes, music, poetry,
cricket and Frisbee. One participant said that he helps around the hall to make sure that
no crimes take place while young people are engaged in activities. The participants noted
that most popular programmes are soccer and drama. However, access to the hall is
sometimes a problem. The focus group participants noted that the caretaker of the hall
lives far away from Khayelitsha, which limits the ability of community members to access
the facility. Further, it was noted that residents have to pay R150 per hour to rent the
facility, creating the impression that “the government has built the hall to make money.”
1
5
2
4
3
6
SRA DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
The fact that many residents of Khayelitsha are unemployed makes it very difficult for
them to afford the rental fees. Poverty and unemployment also prevent many residents
from being involved in physical activities at all. According to one participant, “There are
quite a lot of people who do not take part in sports in Site B. If I were to estimate, I
would say that only 40% of people take part in sports, while 60% do not. I would say
the biggest reason for people not taking up sport is because they are busy looking for
jobs.” Despite the social challenges, residents have gotten creative when it comes to
recreation. According to one participant, “Recreation is something you create yourself
– a reinvention.” Programmes are currently run by the people who started them. Thus,
participants indicated that they do not need any new programmes. They feel that they
have enough programmes. Rather, if they were given money, they would use it to
upgrade their recreation and sport facilities, maintain the facilities and purchase equipment for their existing programmes. Other suggested interventions included:
•
•
•
•
•
•
More fields to play soccer;
More rooms in the hall for a gym, for sewing and for other activities;
An indoor soccer facility;
A place for police presence nearby;
Government to demand weekly or monthly reports from the managers of facilities;
Use local labour to upgrade the facilities and the security around the facilities.
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
DISTRICT 5
DISTRICT 6
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
The focus group participants were very optimistic about the positive impact that such
interventions could have in their community. According to one resident, “Sports have
the potential of building the name of Khayelitsha from its current negative associations
with crime to a more positive one.” According to another, “We love sport in this
community and I believe uptake [of sport and recreation] could be tremendously
improved with the assistance of Sports and Recreation. I also think sport could be used
as a great tool to rebuild the image of Khayelitsha.”
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FIGURE 106: SURFING AT LLANDUDNO (SOURCE: SRA)
12
KPI Scorecard
and Stakeholder Feedback
The following chapter presents a summary of the KPIs discussed in this report.
12.1 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
This is followed by additional comments from stakeholders regarding the future indicators to measure
impact, necessary components for a successful recreation strategy and the desired role they wish to see the
City playing in sport and recreation.
Prior to the survey and the focus groups, the research
team agreed upon a set of key performance indicators
with the departmental project team, keeping in mind
that the aim of the study was to measure participation
levels, satisfaction levels, barriers and motivators.
TABLE 44: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR ADULT HEALTH AND PARTICIPATION
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
Adult Health and Participation
Participate in physical
activities in spare time (i.e. when bored)
24.6%
Participate in sport and/or recreation
27.1%
Belong to a sport club or team
7.6%
Rate self as healthy
60.2%
Belong to a gym
10.5%
Regularly engage in physical exercise
36.9%
24.6
75.4
27.1
72.9
7.6
92.4
60.2
10.5
39.8
89.5
36.9
63.1
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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TABLE 45: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
Children’s Participation
Participate in physical
activities in spare time (i.e. when bored)
45.9%
Participate in sport and/or recreation
66.4%
Belong to a sport club or team
21.5%
Regularly engage in physical activity
62.2%
54.1
45.9
66.4
33.6
78.5
21.5
62.2
37.8
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 46: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR PARTICIPATION AND SATISFACTION IN CITY PROGRAMMES
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
City Programmes
Participated in City programmes
in past year
5.3%
94.7
5.3
Overall satisfaction with City programmes
56.3%
56.3
43.7
Satisfied with programmes’ ability to
meet community needs
55.2%
55.2
44.8
Satisfied with programmes’ cost
58.5%
Satisfied with City’s marketing
for programmes
53.5%
Satisfied with the time of day
programmes are offered
58.0%
58.5
53.5
58.0
41.5
46.5
42.0
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
FIGURE 101: KAYAKING AT PRINCESS VLEI (SOURCE: SRA)
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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TABLE 47: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR KNOWLEDGE OF AND SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
Sport and Recreation Facilities
97.8
2.2
Knowledge of facilities in community
97.8%
Perception that facilities are benefiting
the community
49.0%
Overall satisfaction with facilities
54.5%
54.5
45.5
Satisfied with facility’s size
59.4%
59.4
40.6
Satisfied with facility’s cost
46.6%
Satisfied with facility’s cleanliness/ maintenance
58.4%
Satisfied with facility’s management
51.9%
Satisfied with facility’s location
60.6%
Satisfied with facility’s opening and closing times
57.9%
57.9
42.1
Satisfied with facility’s booking procedures
48.6%
48.6
51.4
Satisfied with facility’s accessibility for wheelchairs
52.7%
49.0
51.0
46.6
53.4
58.4
41.6
51.9
48.1
60.6
39.4
52.7
47.3
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 48: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR KNOWLEDGE OF AND SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
Recreation Staff
Knowledge of who to speak
to about programmes
18.4%
Have interacted with recreation staff
15.1%
Overall satisfaction with recreation staff
59.6%
Satisfied with ability of recreation
staff to develop programmes
50.5%
Satisfied with availability of recreation staff
62.2%
Satisfied with skills of recreation staff
57.3%
Satisfied with attitude of
recreation staff towards the public
68.7%
81.6
18.4
15.1
84.9
59.6
50.5
40.4
49.5
62.2
57.3
37.8
42.7
68.7
31.3
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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TABLE 49: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT AND RECREATION
KPI
DOING WELL
NEEDS ATTENTION
Attitudes towards Sport and Recreation
Belief that recreation is important
89.3%
Belief that recreation is
important compared to other needs
85.1%
Interested in participating in City programmes
62.6%
62.6
37.4
Interested in participating
in other recreation programmes
63.2%
63.2
36.8
Interested in volunteering
53.8%
89.3
10.7
85.1
53.8
14.9
46.2
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
12.2 MEASURING IMPACT
For the future, it will be important for the Department
to measure the impact that the City is having on
communities as a result of recreational facilities and
programmes. To measure this impact, stakeholders
proposed the following indicators:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Number of staff with the right expertise.118
Number of facilities that are conducive to growth.119
Community participation.120
Usage of facilities.121
Behavioural changes (for example, gangsterism).122
Social changes (for example, moral values).123
A more healthy society (for example, physical
condition, decrease in the usage of medical services,
etc.)124
Whether people are having fun.125
How many people are physically active on a
regular basis.126
The types of awareness programmes the
Department is running for recreation.127
Level of community buy-in.128
Skills development. 129
Increase in sport.130
Types of marketing.131
In addition to quantitative indicators, a few stakeholders
recommended that individuals should be tracked on a
case by case basis starting as early as pre-school. This
type of longitudinal study would also be required for
outcomes-based indicators, linking recreation programmes to reductions in crime, teenage pregnancy, etc.
through sport and recreation.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
12.3 DEVELOPING A SUCCESSFUL
RECREATION STRATEGY
The stakeholders also provided a list of the most important
components of a successful recreation strategy. According
to one stakeholder, “We need a focused approach so that
everyone understands what we are talking about when
we say ‘recreation’ – and that we approach it in the same
way and have the same type of goals.”132 Keeping this in
mind, the following components were recommended.
A successful recreation strategy must be based on:
• As small a gap as possible between the council and
the community.133
• Youth leader involvement (representative of youth
organisations).134
• Sports administrations (for example, community
sport leaders).135
• Inclusiveness of all stakeholder groups.136
• Research to find out what are the prevalent
activities.137
• Facilities that are safe, clean and conducive for
recreational activities, preferably multi-purpose
facilities.138
• Education to show people the importance of
recreation and/or exercise.139
• Focus on family.140
• Built on enjoyment, plan and fun – non-competitive
and educational.141
• Very clear focus on recreation and its benefits.142
• Identification of beneficiaries and service delivery
agents.143
• Capable of capacity building through:
– General awareness about the role of sport
and recreation.
– Skills development.
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• “There should be a definitive shift from being
implementers to enablers.”151
• “A facilitative role with a reliance on role players.”152
Some felt the City’s primary role should be as provider.
For example:
• “They must stay provider of recreational facilities in
partnership with community leaders.”153
• “It will have to be a provider. There is no one else
who will do it.”154
Others felt the City show be both a facilitator and a
provider, as illustrated below:
FIGURE 102: WORLD ROPE SKIPPING CHAMPS, 2008 (SOURCE: SRA)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
– Broad community development.
– Mobilising resources to provide jobs.144
Knowledge of what happens to people after they
participate.145
Ability to answer the question – why are we doing
what we are doing?146
Buy-in from community and the will of the
politicians (particularly financial support).
Programmes that address community needs.147
Sustainability.
Relevance to all age groups.
Teamwork through recreation activities that touch
the social fibre of communities.148
Address social challenges through recreation using
tools such as: facilities, staff, programmes
and education.149
12.4 THE CITY’S ROLE
• “The City should provide facilities and through this
encourage mass participation, facilitate the
movement into sport from recreation, create an
environment conducive for recreation.”155
• “Certain things they could facilitate, but also
provide. They need to educate the community so
that the community can become providers.”156
• “Initially they should be actual providers, but
provide spaces for sustainability, that is,
sustainable recreational activities/programmes.
These should be managed by the Facilities
Management Committee and monitored by the
City – the City thus having an oversight role.”157
• “A facilitative role – and a provider to communities
that don’t have access.”158
• “It would depend on the situation. The City should also
be a coordinator, with many other role players.”159
The wide range of answers suggests that in developing
a recreation strategy it would be useful to workshop the
subject of the City’s role in more depth with key internal
and external stakeholders.
In addition to commenting on successful components of
a recreation strategy for Cape Town, stakeholders were
asked whether they see the City’s role as a facilitator of
recreation (i.e. to create a conducive environment for
sport and recreation and encourage collaboration
between schools, NGOs, churches, etc.) or as a provider
of recreation (i.e. to provide facilities and programmes
for communities).
The responses were mixed. Some felt the City should
play more of a facilitative role, as illustrated in the
comments below:
• “It should be facilitative, to empower communities
within the guidelines.”150
FIGURE 103: WOMEN’S BEACH WALK, STRAND BEACH 2010 (SOURCE: SRA)
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
13
Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn from the findings of the recreation study:
13.1
Many Cape Town residents, including
children, live sedentary lives and rarely
participate in sport and recreation, which
has serious consequences on physical,
mental and social health.
Although most residents view themselves as fairly
healthy, more than 75% do not participate in physical
activities in their spare time and more than 60% do not
engage in physical exercise regularly (i.e. three to five
times a week for 30 minutes). More children are physically active than adults according to their caretakers, but
still more than 50% are sedentary in their spare time.
Overall, only 27.1% adults participate in a sport or recreation activity and only 66.4% of children. Among adults,
the percentage is even lower for women, seniors, black,
coloured and Asian/Indian residents and lower income
households. An emphasis thus needs to be placed on
getting more adults and children involved and on
educating residents on the important link between
health and physical activity.
As mentioned in the introduction of this report, sedentary lifestyles among adults and children have a serious
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
impact on physical, mental and social health. This
suggests that recreation is not just a ‘nice-to-have’ but
an essential service for the health of the City.
13.2
The majority of Cape Town residents,
across race, gender, age and socioeconomic status, expressed a desire for
more recreation opportunities in
their communities.
As discussed in Chapter 10, many residents identified
health, development, opportunities to enjoy the
outdoors and community building as the key benefits of
sport and recreation for their communities. More than
70% ranked sport and recreation as very important
compared to their other needs. Most residents desire
more informal recreation opportunities for all ages at a
community level, rather than formal sport. They want
recreation activities to be used to build their communities, to address social problems and to connect them with
other communities through friendly competitions. Access
and upgrades to existing facilities and sportsgrounds, as
well as more multi-use game areas and swimming pools
were some of the top items on their ‘wish list’. Rather
than deciding for communities, the SRA takes these pref-
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erences seriously and will use the feedback to develop
programmes and allocate its limited resources in ways that
are in line with what communities want and need.
This is most likely linked to the increased attention given
to stadiums leading up to the 2010 World Cup.
13.5
The demographic profile and responses of
the survey respondents suggest factors
that influence their involvement in sport
and recreation.
Due to the significant differences that were found in
participation levels and preferences across demographic
groups, it is important to keep the demographics of Cape
Town in mind when planning interventions. Overall, there
are slightly more female residents than males, more
coloured residents than black, white or Asian/Indian residents and among adults, more adults falling in the 26 to
59 year-old age bracket than young adults or seniors.
Other factors also affect participation levels:
FIGURE 104 : CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2009 (SOURCE: SRA)
13.3
More priority needs to be given to
recreation at national, provincial and local
government levels.
Given the feedback from residents and the limited
resources available to the SRA, it is evident that more
priority needs to be given to community-based sport and
recreation at national, provincial and local government
levels. While many national and provincial documents
express support for sport and recreation, few policies
discuss recreation in terms of ways to increase participation levels across different demographic groups. The City
of Cape Town views sport and recreation as a “vital developmental tool” but this needs to be given feet through
increased prioritisation right through to a national level.
• Disability: Approximately one in twenty residents
have some type of physical disability, with the most
common being physical, communication, hearing or
chronic illness.
• Social problems: The most common social
problems that were identified in communities are
robbery, poverty and drug abuse. These have a
significant impact on participation in sport and
recreation, particularly in terms of safety, ability to
afford programmes or rental fees, time and
health/well-being.
• Transport: Less than a third of residents have
access to a car or some form of personal transport,
which also makes accessing recreational
opportunities a challenge.
13.6
Participation in particular sport and recreation activities
appears to vary significantly by demographic group,
which confirms the need to pay attention to these differences while also looking for ways to find common
ground and thereby increase social cohesion and integration through sport and recreation.
13.7
13.4
Compared to other City services,
satisfaction levels with recreation services
and facilities have not increased over the
past three years, suggesting the need for
more prioritisation at a City level.
While overall satisfaction with City services has risen over
the past three years (according to the City’s annual
Community Satisfaction Survey), stadiums are the only
facilities falling under the Department of Sport and
Recreation where residents perceive an improvement.
Preferred activities vary significantly by
demographic group.
There is a large untapped market for City
programmes, since the majority of residents have not participated in a City
programme in the past year.
Only about one in twenty residents said they have participated in a City programme in the past year. This means
that there is a large percentage of residents (95%) that
are not yet benefiting from such programmes. Of those
who have participated in City programmes, approximately 56% rated them positively. Looking at the
negative ratings, the key areas for concern were with
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the marketing of programmes and the ability of the
programmes to meet community needs. More
marketing would also help reach those residents who
are not aware of City programmes in their communities.
Lack of facilities was mentioned first by all demographic
groups, followed by lack of money for all groups except
white and Asian/Indian residents. Lack of time and
unsuitable facilities were also frequently mentioned.
13.8
The wide range of barriers suggests that the Department needs to take a multi-pronged approach in
dealing with things that are within its power, like facilities, as well as helping people deal with the barriers in
their personal lives.
Most residents are aware of the facilities
in their community but do not feel that
these facilities are benefiting the
community as much as they could.
While most residents (97.8%) said they are aware of
recreation facilities in their community, an analysis of the
number of facilities per SRA district compared to population statistics revealed that the number of facilities
does not always correspond proportionally with the
number of households. For example, the district with the
most households (District 3) has the second lowest
percentage of facilities.
In terms of attitudes towards sport and recreation, more
than 60% of residents are interested in participating in
City programmes and just over 50% are interested in
In terms of usage, the facilities that residents said they
use most often are community halls, sports fields and
parks. However, only 49% of residents feel that these
facilities are currently benefiting their community.
Slightly more residents are satisfied with the size, upkeep
and location and of the facilities, but expressed more
concern in both the survey and the focus groups over
the cost, management, booking procedures and wheelchair accessibility of the facilities.
FIGURE 105 : BOARD GAMES FOR THE ELDERLY IN BLUE DOWNS 2010
(SOURCE: SRA)
13.9
Only a few residents have interacted with
recreation staff in their communities.
About half of these residents rated
recreation staff positively.
Less than one in five residents know who to speak to in
their community about sport and recreation and even
fewer have interacted with recreation staff. This
suggests that even though the Department has play
leaders, recreation officers and facility officers on the
ground, they are not visible to residents.
13.11 While interventions must vary significantly
depending on the needs of each
community, there were some common
trends across all residents in terms of
desired programmes, facilities and
approaches to recreation.
However, of the small percentage of residents that have
interacted with recreation staff, they rated them slightly
more positively than programmes and facilities. Almost
70% are satisfied with their attitude towards the public.
The main areas of concern are their ability to develop
programmes and their level of relevant skills.
The majority of residents said that the best ways to
encourage participation among residents in Cape Town
is to:
13.10 The barriers and motivators that prevent
or encourage participation in sport and
recreation include both external factors
and personal reasons.
For both adults and children, enjoyment and exercise are
key reasons why they engage in sport and recreation.
Likewise, very similar barriers were identified for both.
98
volunteering. This still leaves a fairly substantial portion
of residents that need to be ‘won over’ by the City.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
•
•
•
•
•
Have programmes for all ages.
Make communities safer.
Introduce programmes the community wants.
Improve the condition of facilities.
Make programmes and facilities more accessible.
There were not substantial differences across the demographic groups, except that white and upper income
residents did not rank ‘making areas safer’ in the top
five and senior and Asian/Indian residents included
‘marketing programmes’ in the top five.
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Overall, residents would most like to have the following
facilities in their communities: multi-use game areas,
swimming pools, community halls, sports fields and
parks. Chapter 10 provides a breakdown of the way
these were prioritised slightly differently depending on
the demographic group, which further confirms the
need to tailor interventions to specific communities and
target groups.
However, the preferences for programmes were surprisingly consistent across demographic groups. Most
residents would like to have health and fitness, Come
and Play, arts and crafts, games for seniors and music in
their communities, while some also mentioned soccer
and cricket. This shows a preference for both physical
activities, as well as less physical activities.
For most residents, the preferred time of day for
programmes is afternoon. Most residents would like to
receive information about sport and recreation via street
posters or billboards, radio programmes, word of
mouth, television programmes or print media.
13.12 The survey has confirmed the need for
ongoing research in the field of sport and
recreation and a continuation of the work
that the SRA is already doing.
With the exception of the HSRC’s 2008 study of recreation on a national level, the desktop review revealed
that very little research has been done at a provincial or
metropolitan level in the field of sport and recreation in
South Africa. This study is a first for the Department of
Sport, Recreation and Amenities in the Western Cape
and will be used to inform policies and the implementation of programmes.
The SRA is committed to using this baseline to measure
progress on a yearly basis. It also has a number of other
initiatives in progress, including an information management system to track usage at specific facilities,
membership lists and summer versus winter participation levels, just to name a few.
13.14 Reviewing international case studies can
provide valuable lessons for the
Department of Sport and Recreation in
Cape Town.
Some of the key themes that emerged from the international case studies in Chapter 2 bear significant relevance
for the Department of Sport and Recreation. They
confirm that low participation in physical activities is a
global challenge, but provide hope that countries and
municipalities can successfully increase participation
levels through a range of interventions. These include:
• Constructing additional facilities that are more
accessible to the community (Botswana);
• Implementing health and wellness programmes
through sport and recreation (Botswana);
• Being aware of societal gender roles and the impact
these have on participation (Singapore);
• Involving young people through partnerships with
schools and their active involvement in decision
making (Ireland);
• Providing the Department with objectives that aim
to maintain and ensure participation levels among a
range of target groups (Wales).
These are just a few of many lessons that can be learned
from recreation studies in other countries.
13.15 The study confirmed the need for
partnerships between the SRA and other
Departments, organisations and experts in
the field.
The main aim of the study was to gain firsthand feedback from communities, which is why less emphasis was
initially placed on speaking to stakeholders in the field of
sport and recreation. However, now that the SRA has
the community voice, the Department is keen to engage
with experts, community leaders and other stakeholders
on how to go about implementing the necessary
changes and interventions. The findings confirmed that
partnerships are essential for the growth and development of sport and recreation in the City and province.
13.13 The survey has also confirmed the importance of agreeing upon a working
definition of sport and recreation.
Given the wide range of definitions available, the main
goal in agreeing upon a definition is to make sure that
it fits for the particular context, work and approach of
the Department. A suggested definition, based on the
findings from the survey and discussions with practitioners and experts, is included in the recommendations.
FIGURE 106 : GREENPOINT STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA)
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FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA)
14
Recommendations
Based on the feedback from residents in Cape Town and the stakeholders that were
interviewed, the following recommendations are made:
14.1
To encourage more active lifestyles among
adults and children, increase participation
in sport and recreation through a social
marketing campaign aimed at knowledge,
attitudes and behaviours.
To encourage participation in physical activities, a social
marketing approach would be ideal because it addresses
knowledge, behaviour, attitudes and environmental factors.
• Distributing educational pamphlets.
• Linking communities with each other through
competitive or non-competitive activities.
Based on the feedback from residents, it is essential that
such a campaign should be accompanied with visible
changes to programmes and facilities.
14.2
A campaign could include:
• Engaging communities by finding sport and
recreation champions in each community.
• Encouraging inactive residents to find one new
thing that they really like to do that gets them
physically active.
• Having a ‘recreation month’ and other events to
promote sport and recreation.
100
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
Focus on informal recreation that builds
communities rather than primarily on
formal sport.
Based on the wants and needs expressed by residents,
the SRA should focus on providing informal recreation
opportunities that build communities and provide
opportunities for engagement with other communities
across all age groups.
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Advocate for sport and recreation to be
given more priority and concrete action
through national, provincial and
City policies.
While policy can at times feel remote and too theoretical, it has significant influence in the allocation of
budgets and other resources. Although it is situated in
local government, the SRA should advocate for the
prioritisation of recreation in concrete terms right
through to national levels.
14.4
Prioritise recreation alongside the City’s
other essential services.
When considering ways to increase satisfaction levels,
the City should support initiatives that will improve
recreation services and facilities. In its annual satisfaction
survey, it should also seek to provide opportunities for
residents to rank recreation facilities and services against
other services.
14.5
Address social problems that affect
participation in sport and recreation
through partnerships with other
departments and other organisations that
provide community services.
As discussed in the demographics chapter, the survey
and focus groups confirmed that social problems have a
big impact on participation levels. The SRA should thus
look at partnering with other departments and organisations in addressing issues particularly related to safety,
unemployment and health.
14.6
Plan according to the preferences
expressed by different demographic
groups but look for ways to increase social
cohesion and integration.
In developing its strategies, the SRA should keep in mind
the differences that exist across demographic groups,
particularly in terms of participation in particular sport and
recreation activities. However, it should also seek ways to
find common ground and thereby increase social
cohesion and integration through sport and recreation.
14.7
Market programmes more aggressively
and tailor programmes to the needs of
communities, keeping all ages in mind.
The SRA should actively seek to increase participation in
programmes through increased marketing and a range
of other initiatives, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Training staff.
Involving more volunteers.
Investing in equipment.
Providing support to existing programmes.
Providing information well in advance.
Relooking at the hours of operation, based
on feedback.
14.8
Upgrade old facilities, utilise and expand
existing facilities, build new facilities and
focus on services where funding is limited.
A range of actions can be taken with regard to facilities.
Using the mapping that has already been done, the SRA
should identify hot spots that need facilities and invest in
these areas. It should also address access issues by
relooking at facility rental fees and providing training to the
caretakers of facilities and empowering community
members to use their facilities. As much as possible, the
City should employ people from the community to
upgrade and maintain their facilities.Where funds are
limited, the SRA should focus on services rather than
building new facilities and engaging in expensive upgrades.
SRA staff members have also recommended creative and
cost-effective interventions such as portable pools.
14.9
Increase the visibility of recreation staff
and encourage a culture of community
engagement.
Recreation staff should be trained in the skills required
for their roles, particularly in programme development
and in identifying needs in communities. They should
also be challenged to be more visible in their communities, going door to door if necessary or holding
community meetings to encourage community involvement. Pamphlets could also be used to provide contact
details for residents to get in touch with the recreation
staff in their communities.
14.10 Capitalise on the things that motivate
residents to participate in sport
and recreation.
Physical health and enjoyment should be used to excite
adults and children to participate in City programmes
and to utilise existing facilities. The benefits of recreation
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for individuals and communities, possibly in the form of
success stories, should be used to promote participation,
especially among inactive residents.
14.11 Take a segmented approach in addressing
barriers and looking at desired
interventions.
Graphs have been included in the appendix and throughout the report that provide specific percentages for
demographic groups. The district reports can also act as a
reference. These should be used to tailor interventions to
particular areas and groups, while also keeping overall
trends in mind, as well as the diversity that exists within
demographic groups.
14.12 Pursue ongoing research within the SRA.
As already evidenced through this research, the SRA can
benefit from the ongoing research that it has already
initiated, including such projects as:
• A yearly Recreation Survey to measure changes
against the baseline achieved through this study;
• In-depth qualitative research within particular
communities;
• An effective information management system.
Building on the stakeholder suggestions in Chapter 12,
the SRA should use the KPIs to prioritise areas of focus
and should continue to discuss ways to measure the
impact of interventions in the future.
Following this study, an important next step is to
workshop the findings with relevant stakeholders.
Agreement on a definition will help the Department to
make decisions about its strategy and programmes.
Based on the feedback from residents and stakeholders,
the strategy should have a strong emphasis on health
and wellness, with an educational dimension for staff
and residents about the link between physical
exercise/activity and health. A discussion on the City’s
role either as a facilitator or provider, or both, will also
help in clarifying its strategy and approach.
14.14 Continue to benchmark the City’s facilities
and programmes against comparable
international examples, with an emphasis
on trends in other African countries.
The case studies included in this study are just a
snapshot of the wide range of learnings that can be
drawn from recreation programmes and initiatives in
other countries. While information on sport and recreation is not easily available in Africa particularly, ongoing
efforts should be made to benchmark the city against
comparable examples on the continent and beyond.
14.15 Form partnerships to aid the
implementation of necessary changes.
As discussed in the conclusions, the SRA should
continue to build partnerships with other Departments,
organisations and individuals, particularly in the critical
phase of implementation.
14.13 Agree upon a working definition of sport
and recreation, coupled with a discussion
of the City’s recreation strategy and role.
Based on the findings from the desktop research and
survey, the definition of recreation that seems most
suitable is the one discussed in Chapter 2. Recreation
encompasses leisure activities people undertake for enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and
well-being, and/or restore and challenge their self-perception. Recreation activities can be either active or passive.
The broad scope of this definition allows for the range of
activities preferred by communities in Cape Town and the
emphasis on health and wellness complements the fact
that the majority of residents reported health as their top
reason for participating in sport and recreation.
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
FIGURE 115: DIGNITARIES AT THE START OF THE CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2008
(SOURCE: SRA)
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Appendix 1: Stakeholder Interviews
Name
Position
Department/Organisation
Lokiwe Mtwazi
Executive Director
Department of Community Services / Sport and Recreation
Gert Bam
Director
Department of SRA, City of Cape Town
Donny Jurgens
Manager
Department of SRA, City of Cape Town
Jan Fourie
District Manager
Department of SRA, City of Cape Town
Alexander Dykes
District Manager
Department of SRA, City of Cape Town
Paul Hendricks
Acting Director
PGWC, Sport Development and School Sport
Paul Singh
Official
National Department of SRA
Marie Young
Lecturer
Recreation, University of the Western Cape
Achmat Ismail
Community Leader and
Executive Member
SK Walmers RFC
Shahied Adams
Chairperson
District 4, Department of SRA
Brett Herron
Councillor and Mayoral
Committee Member
Department of Community Services, City of Cape Town
Harold Moses
Chairperson
Atlantis Golf Club
Franklin Anthony
Area Manager
Department of SRA, City of Cape Town
Appendix 2: Map of EAs for Household Survey
In the map below, the dark blue dots represent the lower income areas (S.E.S. > 40), while the light blue dots represent
upper income areas (S.E.S. < 40).
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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Appendix 3: Survey Questionnaire
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION SURVEY 2010
Interviewer
sign
Checked by Interviewer
Edited by
Sign
Coded by
Sign
Date of back check
Household back-checked?
Supervisor signature
Yes
1
2
No
Household Selection Procedure
Select a random household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. Start your walk pattern
selecting every Nth dwelling. Keep to the right of the road. If a call is unsuccessful, use the table below to record your progress until
you make a successful call. Answer a code number for unsuccessful calls only.
Reasons for Unsuccessful
Calls
Household
1
Household
2
Household
3
Household
4
Household
5
Household
6
Household
7
Refused to be interviewed
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Person selected was
never at home
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Household/Premises empty
for the survey period
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Spoke only a foreign
language/deaf
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Other (specify)
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Fieldworker Name:
EA Number:
Name of Suburb:
IMPORTANT! Record starting time of interview:
HH
MM
Introduction
Good day. My name is ……………………………..and I am from Mthente Research and Consulting Services, a research
company. We are conducting a survey to find out what you expect from the city and what your experiences have been
related to Sport, Recreation and Amenities. We are collecting this information to report on the current state of sport
and recreation in communities in Cape Town. We ask that you help us by completing this short questionnaire. The
information you give us is confidential. Someone from our company may contact you just to verify that the interview
took place, but your personal information will never be made public. The interview will take about 30 minutes.
104
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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NOTE FOR FIELDWORKER
a. Please ensure that the respondent is 16 years or older BEFORE starting the interview
b. Please read all questions to respondent and indicate the responses available slowly reading them aloud.
Repeat response options if necessary.
c. Please ensure that ALL APPLICABLE questions are completed with the necessary information.
SECTION 1: CONSENT
1. Do I have your consent to continue with this interview?
YES
NO
01
02
SECTION 2: RESPONDENT & HOUSEHOLD DETAILS
2. Record gender (BY OBSERVATION)
MALE
FEMALE
01
02
3. Record Race (BY OBSERVATION)
Black
01
Coloured
02
Asian/Indian
03
White
04
Other
05
4. What is your age?
5. Which of the following best describes
your job status?
Employed – Full time
Employed – Part time
Self-employed (Own business)
Informally employed
Unemployed
Retired/Pensioner
Student
YEARS
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
01
02
03
04
05
Housewife
06
07
08
Other (Specify)
09
Prefer not to answer
10
Continue to
Question 6
Go to
Question 7
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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6. Which of the following best describes your
current employment position/occupation?
Page 106
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Senior official or manager
01
Professional
Technician or associate professional
02
Clerk
Service worker, shop or market sales worker
03
04
05
Skilled agricultural or fishery worker
06
Craft and related trades worker
07
Plant and machine operator or assembler
08
Elementary occupation (e.g. domestic worker, street cleaner)
09
Self-employed
10
Other (Specify)
11
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
7. What is your highest level of education?
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
01
None
Completed up to Grade 3 (Standard 1)
Grade 4 to Grade 7 (Standard 2 to Standard 5)
02
Grade 8 to Grade 11 (Standard 6 to Standard 9)
03
04
Grade 12 (Matric)
05
Post Matric Certificate/Diploma/Trade Qualification
06
University Degree/Diploma
07
Post Graduate University Degree
08
8. What is your role in this household?
READ OPTIONS
Mother
01
Father
02
Child or Young Adult
Grandparent
03
04
Aunt
05
Uncle
06
Tenant
07
Other (Specify)
08
9. Do you have any form of disability?
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
YES
1
NO
2
10. How would you describe your disability?
106
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Go to Question 11
READ OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Sight
01
Hearing
Communication
02
03
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Physical
04
Intellectual
05
Emotional
06
Multiple
07
Other (Specify)
08
TEXT RESPONSE
11. How many people live in this house?
PERSONS (16 years and older)
Male
Female
12. What is your household’s combined average monthly
take home income (of income after tax) from all sources
(including social grants)? If unsure, please provide the
closest approximation.
PERSONS (Under 16 years)
Male
Female
DO NOT READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Zero
01
Under R1 000
R1 000 to R2 000
02
03
R2 001 to R3 000
R3 00 to R4 000
04
05
R4 001 to R5 000
06
R5 001 to R10 000
07
R10 001 to R15 000
08
R15 001 to R20 000
09
R20 001 to R25 000
10
More than R25 000
11
Prefer not to answer
99
13. What form of transport do you use most often?
READ OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Bus
01
Taxi
Train
Personal motor vehicle
02
03
04
Car pool
05
Bicycle
06
Motorcycle
07
Other (Specify)
08
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SECTION 3: COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
14. Which of the following social problems, if any, do
you experience in your community?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
No
Don’t know
Poverty
1
2
3
Violence
1
2
3
Robbery
1
2
3
Theft and vandalism at school properties
Poor service delivery (electricity, water, refuse collection etc)
Shortage of schools – learners travel long distances to schools
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
Family abuse (child, women abuse etc)
1
2
3
Alcohol abuse
Drug abuse
1
2
3
1
2
3
Rain damage and floods
1
2
3
Fire
1
2
3
Political activism
1
2
3
Service delivery protests
Corruption of municipal officers
1
1
2
2
3
3
Gangs
1
2
3
1
2
3
Other (Specify)
15. Which of the following services would you consider to be the
WORST service in your community?
Refuse collection
Electricity
Public transportation
Sanitation
Water
Health services (Hospitals, clinics etc.)
Education services (Schools, vocational colleges etc.)
Recreation programmes and facilities
They are all bad
Don’t know
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
99
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SECTION 4: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT & RECREATION
16. What do you do when you are bored?
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
Listen to music
Watch TV, DVD, videos
Get together with friends
Read books
Get together with relatives
Shopping for pleasure
Physical activities
Play cards or board games
Attend sporting events
Handicrafts
Walking
Time on internet/pc
Jogging/running
Go to movies
Gardening
DIY (Do It Yourself) task
Library
The Arts
Watch live sporting events
Go to a place of worship
Go to places of historic attraction (e.g. museums, exhibitions, etc.)
Other (Specify)
17. Where do you go when you are bored?
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Home
01
School
02
Recreational facilities
Friend’s house
03
04
Sport field
05
Open space
06
Relative’s house
07
Stadium
08
Shopping mall
09
Internet cafe
10
Cinema
11
In the street
12
Shebeen or pub
13
Other (Specify)
14
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18. How often do you get bored?
Page 110
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
1
2
3
Often
All the time
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
4
5
19. Do you participate in any of the following sport or leisure activities?
If yes, please indicate how often and where.
IF YES, WHERE?
110
01 – Home/street
02 – Gym
03 – Community facility
04 – School
05 – Other (Specify)
YES
NO
Aerobics/fitness
1
2
Aquarobics
Athletics/track and field
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
HRS
Badminton
1
2
HRS
Basketball
1
2
HRS
Snooker/pool
Boxing
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Canoeing/kayaking
1
2
HRS
Cricket (indoor or outdoor)
Cycling
Dancing
1
2
HRS
1
1
2
2
HRS
Darts
1
2
HRS
Fishing
Golf
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Gymnastics
1
2
HRS
Hockey (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
Horse riding
Martial art/karate
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Netball
1
2
HRS
Rock climbing
1
2
HRS
Rowing
1
2
HRS
Rugby
1
2
HRS
Running
1
2
HRS
Sailing
Scuba diving
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Soccer (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
Softball
1
2
HRS
Squash/racquetball
Surf sports
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Swimming
1
2
HRS
Table tennis
1
2
HRS
Tennis (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
IF YES, APPROXIMATELY HOW
MANY HOURS PER WEEK?
HRS
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Tenpin bowling
1
2
HRS
Volleyball
Walking
Weight training
1
1
1
2
2
2
HRS
HRS
HRS
IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 22.
20. Why do you participate in sport or leisure activities?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
1
No
2
For exercise (i.e. to stay healthy)
1
2
To observe the environment
1
2
For enjoyment
1
2
To take the children out (i.e. children, siblings, etc.)
1
2
To use the children’s play equipment (i.e. their toys)
1
2
To relax
1
2
To socialise
1
2
For educational reasons
1
2
For fresh air
21. Are there any other reasons why you do participate in leisure activities, which I have not mentioned?
22. Are there any reasons why you do not (or would
not) participate in sport or leisure activities? Please
select all the options that apply to you.
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
No
Lack of facilities
1
2
Health problems
1
2
Lack of money
Lack of time (in general)
1
1
2
2
Taking care of someone
1
2
Not interested in leisure/physical activity
1
2
Feel unsafe
1
2
Rather do other things in leisure time
1
2
Unsuitable facilities
1
2
Limited access
1
2
Too much effort/can’t be bothered
1
2
Too old
1
2
Public transport not available
1
2
Not fit enough
1
2
Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and public transport costs)
1
2
Too far away, not conveniently located
1
2
Too crowded
1
2
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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Don’t know what’s available
1
2
Don’t know where recreational facilities are located
1
2
Home and family responsibilities
1
2
Work/study demands
1
2
Insufficient time due to work/study
1
2
Too lazy
1
2
Bad weather
1
2
23. Are there any other reasons why you do not or would not participate in sport or leisure activities?
24. Have you ever experienced any of the following negative
experiences while participating in sport or leisure activities?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
1
No
2
Feeling uncomfortable
1
2
Feeling isolated
Physically attacked
1
1
2
2
Injured
1
2
Reprimanded
1
2
Found out about programmes too late (i.e. opportunity already passed)
1
2
Being made fun of
25. Are there any other negative experiences which I have not mentioned?
26. Have you ever experienced any of the following
positive experiences participating in sport or
leisure activities?
READ OPTIONS
Losing weight
Yes
1
No
2
Making friends
1
2
Feeling comfortable
Increase in confidence
1
1
2
2
Feeling excited
1
2
Experiencing a sense of belonging
1
2
27. Are there any other positive experiences which I have not mentioned?
112
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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CIRCLE ONE ONLY
28. Are you a member of a sport club(s) or team(s)?
YES
1
NO
2
29. What kind of sport club(s) or team(s)
do you belong to?
Go to Question 30
READ OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Aerobics/fitness
01
Aquarobics
Athletics/track and field
02
03
Badminton
04
Basketball
05
Snooker/pool
Boxing
06
07
Canoeing/kayaking
08
Cricket (indoor or outdoor)
09
Cycling
10
Dancing
11
Darts
12
Fishing
Golf
13
14
Gymnastics
15
Hockey (indoor or outdoor)
16
Horse riding
Martial art/karate
17
18
Netball
19
Rock climbing
20
Rowing
21
Rugby
22
Running
23
Sailing
Scuba diving
24
25
Soccer (indoor or outdoor)
26
Softball
27
Squash/racquetball
Surf sports
28
29
Swimming
30
Table tennis
31
Tennis (indoor or outdoor)
32
Tenpin bowling
33
Volleyball
34
Walking
Weight training
35
36
Other (Specify)
37
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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SECTION 5: RESPONDENT’S HEALTH
30. How would you rate your health
generally?
Very poor
Poor
Average
Good
Very good
1
2
3
4
5
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
31. Which option best describes
your level of physical activity in
an average week?
READ OPTIONS
Not active
at all
Occasionally
active
Regularly
active
Very active
(No physical
exercise throughout
the week)
(30min physical
exercise1-2 days
p/week)
(30min physical
exercise 3-4 days
p/week)
(30min exercise
5 days p/week)
1
2
3
4
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
32. Do you currently belong to a gym?
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
YES
1
NO
2
SECTION 6: PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN SPORT & RECREATION
33. Do you have children, grandchildren or a child you look after?
YES
1
NO
2
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Go to Question 46
34. Please indicate the number of children and their gender according
to the following age groups.
Male
0-3 years
Female
Male
4-8 years
Female
35. Which option best describes your
child/children’s level of physical
activity in an average week?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
114
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
TEXT RESPONSE
9-12 years
Male
Female
13-15 years
Male
Female
16-18 years
Male
Female
Not active at all
Occasionally
active
Regularly
active
Very active
(No physical exercise
throughout the
week)
(30min physical
exercise1-2 days
p/week)
(30min
physical
exercise 3-4
days p/week)
(30min exercise 5
days p/week)
1
2
3
4
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36. What does your child/children do when
they are bored?
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Listen to music
Watch TV, DVD, videos
Get together with friends
Read books
Get together with relatives
Shopping for pleasure
Physical activities
Play cards or board games
Attend sporting events
Handicrafts
Walking
Time on internet/pc
Jogging/running
Go to movies
Gardening
DIY (Do It Yourself) task
Library
The Arts
Watch live sporting events
Go to a place of worship
Go to places of historic attraction (e.g. museums, exhibitions, etc.)
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Other (Specify)
22
37. Where do they go when they are bored?
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Home
01
School
02
Recreational facilities
Friend’s house
03
04
Field
05
Open space
06
Relatives house
07
Stadium
08
Shopping mall
09
Internet cafe
10
Cinema
11
In the street
12
Shebeen or pub
13
Other (Specify)
14
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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38. How often do they get bored?
Page 116
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
All the time
1
2
3
4
5
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
39. Do they participate in any of the following activities?
If yes, please indicate how often and where.
READ OPTIONS
PROVIDE A RESPONSE FOR
EACH ROW
IF YES, WHERE?
YES
IF YES, APPROXIMATELY HOW
MANY HOURS PER WEEK?
1
1
2
2
HRS
Aerobics/fitness
Aquarobics
Athletics/track and field
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Badminton
1
2
HRS
Basketball
1
2
HRS
Snooker/pool
Boxing
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Canoeing/kayaking
1
2
HRS
Cricket (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
Cycling
1
2
HRS
Dancing
1
2
HRS
Darts
1
2
HRS
Fishing
Golf
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Gymnastics
1
2
HRS
Hockey (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
Horse riding
Martial art/karate
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Netball
1
2
HRS
Rock climbing
1
2
HRS
Rowing
1
2
HRS
Rugby
1
2
HRS
Running
1
2
HRS
Sailing
Scuba diving
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Soccer (indoor or outdoor)
Softball
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Squash/racquetball
Surf sports
1
1
2
2
HRS
HRS
Swimming
1
2
HRS
Play outside
116
NO
01 – Home/street
02 – Gym
03 – Community facility
04 – School
05 – Other (Specify)
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
HRS
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Table tennis
1
2
HRS
Tennis (indoor or outdoor)
1
2
HRS
Tenpin bowling
1
2
HRS
Volleyball
1
2
HRS
Walking
Weight Training
1
2
HRS
1
2
HRS
IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 42
40. Why does your child/children participate in
sport or leisure activities?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
No
For fresh air
1
2
For exercise (i.e. to stay healthy)
1
2
To observe the environment
1
2
For enjoyment
1
2
To play
1
2
To relax
1
2
To socialise
1
2
For educational reasons
1
2
41. Are there any other reasons why your child/children participate in leisure activities?
42. Which of the following things prevent your
child/children from participating in sport or
leisure activities?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Lack of facilities
Yes
1
No
2
Health problems
1
2
Lack of money
Lack of time (in general)
1
1
2
2
Taking care of someone
1
2
No interested in leisure/physical activity
1
2
Feel unsafe
1
2
Rather do other things in leisure time
1
2
Unsuitable facilities
1
2
Limited access
1
2
Too much effort/can’t be bothered
1
2
Public transport not available
1
2
Not fit enough
1
2
Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and public transport costs)
1
2
Too far away, not conveniently located
1
2
Too crowded
1
2
Don’t know what’s available
1
2
Don’t know where recreational facilities are located
1
2
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Home and family responsibilities
1
2
Insufficient time due to school/studying
1
2
Too lazy
1
2
Bad weather
1
2
43. Are there any other reasons why your child/children does not or would not participate in sport or leisure activities?
44. Does your child/children belong to any sport club(s) or team(s)?
YES
1
NO
2
45. What kind of sport club(s) or team(s)?
118
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Go to Question 46
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Aerobics/fitness
01
Aquarobics
Athletics/track and field
02
03
Badminton
04
Basketball
05
Snooker/pool
Boxing
06
07
Canoeing/kayaking
08
Cricket (indoor or outdoor)
09
Cycling
10
Dancing
11
Darts
12
Environmental clubs
13
Fishing
Formal sport
Golf
14
15
16
Gymnastics
17
Hiking
18
Hockey (indoor or outdoor)
19
Horse riding
Martial art/karate
20
21
Netball
22
Rock climbing
23
Rowing
24
Rugby
25
Running
26
Sailing
Scuba diving
27
28
Soccer (indoor or outdoor)
29
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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Softball
30
Squash/racquetball
Surf sports
31
32
Swimming
33
Table tennis
34
Tennis (indoor or outdoor)
35
Tenpin bowling
36
Volleyball
37
Walking
Weight training
38
39
Other (Specify)
40
SECTION 7: PARTICIPATION IN CITY PROGRAMMES
46. Have you or your family taken part in any sport or recreational
programme(s) organised by the City of Cape Town in the past year?
YES
1
NO
2
47. What kind of programme(s)?
Come and Play
Health and fitness
Arts and crafts
Music
Dance
Soccer
Netball
Cricket
Rugby
Gym
Games for seniors
Learn to swim programmes
Inside and outside
Beach games
Cards
Dominoes
Street soccer
Ball games
Egg and spoon races
Indigenous/traditional games
Obstacle courses
Slippery slides
Face painting
Other (Specify)
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
Go to Question 49
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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READ OPTIONS
48. Please rate your level of
satisfaction with the CITY’S
PROGRAMME(S) in terms of:
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Very
unsatisfied
Unsatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Very satisfied
Don’t know
1. Ability to meet the
community’s needs
1
2
3
4
5
99
2. Cost to participate
1
2
3
4
5
99
3. Marketing/information
1
2
3
4
5
99
4. Time of day offered
1
2
3
4
5
99
49. What other organisations provide
recreational activities or programmes in
your community?
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
READ OPTIONS
01
02
03
04
05
Churches
Schools (after school/during the vacation period)
Sporting clubs
NGOs
Other (Specify)
SECTION 8: RATING FOR COMMUNITY FACILITIES
50. Which of the following sport or recreational
facilities are there in your community?
Community hall or resource centre
Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.)
Swimming pool
Boating facilities
Fishing piers and platforms
Play areas
Parks
Golf courses
Mountain trails
Camping areas
Tennis court
Basketball court
Picnic facilities
Multi-use game areas
Other (Specify)
IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 55
120
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
No
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Don’t know
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1
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51. Of the facilities you mentioned, which ones
are run by the City?
Page 121
READ OPTIONS
No
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Community hall or resource centre
Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.)
Swimming pool
Boating facilities
Fishing piers and platforms
Play areas
Parks
Golf courses
Mountain trails or camping areas
Camping areas
Tennis court
Basketball court
Picnic facilities
Multi-use game areas
Other (Specify)
52. In your opinion, are the recreational facilities in your community
benefitting the community?
53. Which facility in your community is
used the most?
Don’t know
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
1
YES
NO
Community hall or resource centre
Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.)
Swimming pool
Boating facilities
Fishing piers and platforms
Play areas
Parks
Golf courses
Mountain trails or camping areas
Camping areas
Tennis court
Basketball court
Picnic facilities
Multi-use game areas
Other (Specify)
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
2
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
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READ OPTIONS
54. Please rate your level of
satisfaction with the FACILITY
that you mentioned in Question
53, in terms of:
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Very
unsatisfied
Unsatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Very
satisfied
Don’t
know
Size
1
2
3
4
5
99
Cost
1
2
3
4
5
99
Cleanliness/maintenance
1
2
3
4
5
99
Management
1
2
3
4
5
99
Location
1
2
3
4
5
99
Opening and closing times
1
2
3
4
5
99
Booking procedures
1
2
3
4
5
99
Accessibility for
wheelchairs
1
2
3
4
5
99
SECTION 9: RATING FOR RECREATION STAFF
55. If you wanted to find out more information about City programmes
or facilities in your community, do you know who to speak to?
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
YES
1
NO
2
56. Have you ever seen or met the people who work at the
facilities in your community?
57. Please rate your level of
satisfaction with the FACILITY
STAFF in terms of their:
122
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
YES
1
NO
2
Go to Question 58
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
READ OPTIONS
Very
unsatisfied
Unsatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Very
satisfied
Don’t
know
Development of programmes
1
2
3
4
5
99
Availability
1
2
3
4
5
99
Relevant skills
1
2
3
4
5
99
Friendliness towards the public
1
2
3
4
5
99
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
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SECTION 10: ATTITUDES TOWARDS RECREATION AND SPORT
58. How important do you
think sport and recreation is
for communities in the City of
Cape Town?
Not
important
at all
Not very
important
Neutral
Somewhat
important
Very
important
Don’t
know
1
2
3
4
5
99
Not
important
at all
Not very
important
Neutral
Somewhat
important
Very
important
Don’t
know
1
2
3
4
5
99
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
59. How important do you think
recreation is compared to other
needs in your community?
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE ONLY
60. Do you think recreational programmes and
facilities currently benefit your community in any
of the following ways?
READ OPTIONS
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Developing youth
Providing opportunities to enjoy outdoors
Bringing the community together
Creating a sense of pride in your community
Improving health and wellness
Protecting the natural environment
Helping the elderly and people with disabilities remain active
Providing educational opportunities
Providing opportunities for skills development
a. Participating in
recreational programmes
organised by the City
No
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Don’t know
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
READ OPTIONS
61. How do you feel about
the following:
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Nothing, I do
not care
Not very
excited
Neutral
Somewhat
excited
Very
excited
1
2
3
4
5
Don’t
know
99
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
123
8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1
b. Participating in recreational
programmes organised by other
organisations in your community
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Page 124
1
2
3
4
5
99
c. Volunteering for a
recreational programme
organised by the City
1
2
3
4
5
99
d. Being part of a Sports
Council in your community
1
2
3
4
5
99
SECTION 11: PERCEPTIONS OF THE CITY’S ROLE
62. What do you think the City of Cape Town should do
to encourage ADULTS in your community to participate
in sport and recreation?
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
No
Don’t know
Offer food as an incentive for participating
Market the programmes better
Improve the physical condition of the facilities/fields/centres
Introduce programmes that the community wants
Involve more community members
Change in operational hours
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
Improve the skills of the City staff
1
2
3
Make programmes and facilities more accessible
1
2
3
Make the area safer
1
2
3
Have programmes for all ages
1
2
3
Reduce the costs for hiring facilities
1
2
3
Other (Specify)
1
2
3
63. What do you think the City of Cape Town should do
to encourage CHILDREN in your community to participate
in sport and recreation?
Offer food as an incentive for participating
Market the programmes better
Improve the physical condition of the facilities/fields/centres
Introduce programmes that the community wants
124
READ OPTIONS
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
No
Don’t know
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1
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Page 125
Involve more community members
Change in operational hours
1
1
2
2
3
3
Improve the skills of the City staff
1
2
3
Make programmes and facilities more accessible
1
2
3
Make the area safer
1
2
3
Have programmes for all ages
1
2
3
Reduce the costs for hiring facilities
1
2
3
Other (Specify)
1
2
3
64. From the following list, which FACILITY would you
MOST like to have in your community?
READ OPTIONS
Community hall or resource centre
Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.)
Swimming pool
Boating facilities
Fishing piers and platforms
Play areas
Parks
Golf courses
Tennis court
Basketball court
Picnic facilities
Multi-use game areas
Other (Specify)
65. What PROGRAMMES would you like to have
in your community?
Come and Play
Health and fitness
Arts and crafts
Music
Dance
Soccer
Netball
Cricket
Rugby
Gym
Games for seniors
Learn to swim programmes
Inside and outside
Beach games
Cards
Dominoes
Street soccer
Ball games
CIRCLE ONLY ONE
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
DO NOT READ
OPTIONS
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
08
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
125
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Page 126
Egg and spoon races
Indigenous/traditional games
Obstacle courses
Slippery slides
Face painting
Other (Specify)
66. What TIME OF DAY do you think the programme
should be offered?
17
18
19
20
21
22
READ OPTIONS
CIRCLE ONLY ONE
Early morning (before work)
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Late at night
67. What do you feel are the MOST important aspects
of a sport or recreational programme?
01
02
03
04
05
READ OPTIONS
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Mass involvement from the community
Non-competitive
Done for enjoyment and relaxation
Competitive
Limited number of people involved
Physical and mental fitness
Formal codes and rules
Involves other communities
Other (Specify)
68. How would you like to receive information about
recreational programmes and facilities?
Door to door visits
Community meetings
Radio programmes
Television programmes
Print (e.g. newspapers, magazines, pamphlets)
Electronic (e.g. e-mail, the internet)
Via SMS
Direct mail (i.e. letters sent to my address)
Street posters or billboards
Word of mouth (i.e. through family, friends and neighbours)
Other (Specify)
126
CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
READ OPTIONS
No
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW
Yes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
No
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1
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Page 127
69. If possible, could you please supply the names of any ORGANISATIONS that you think the City of Cape Town
should partner with in providing sport and recreation in your community.
1. Name of organisation ____________________________________
2. Name of contact person __________________________________
3. Telephone number of contact ______________________________
-------------- THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR CO-OPERATION --------------
INTERVIEWER DECLARATION
I hereby certify that this interview has been completed and checked in strict accordance with the
instructions given to me.
INTERVIEWER NAME
SIGNATURE
DATE
LENGTH OF INTERVIEW
QUALITY CONTROL SHEET
Fieldworker
Code
Questionnaire
No.
Question
Number
Query
Checked by
(Initials)
Date
Checked
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
127
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Appendix 4: Additional Demographic Comparisons
TABLE 50: COMPARISON OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ADULT RESIDENTS SPEND THEIR SPARE TIME
Gender
Adult leisure
activities (%)
Watch TV, DVD, videos
Listen to music
Spend time with friends
Read books
Spend time with
family or relatives
Walk
Go to a place of worship or
take part in religious activities
Take part in physical activities
Go to the shops
DIY (Do It Yourself) Task
Garden
Other
Sleep
Watch live sporting events
Make handicrafts
Spend time on the
internet or computer
Go to the library
Go to movies
Attend sporting events
Jog or run
Do house work
(i.e. cleaning, washing)
Play cards or board games
Go to historical sites
Participate in the Arts
Drink at a shebeen/
bar or go clubbing
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
68.4
57.2
30.8
18.5
65.8
54.9
29.6
20.9
71.5
60.0
32.4
15.5
65.6
69.9
40.6
17.1
69.6
55.6
29.1
17.4
66.8
46.0
24.2
25.1
66.6
60.3
33.3
17.2
69.9
60.1
37.6
23.6
68.9
53.6
25.9
16.4
70.0
57.7
35.5
38.1
68.5
58.5
30.2
13.7
68.2
55.9
31.5
23.1
15.9
9.4
17.2
10.7
14.4
7.9
17.2
6.1
15.0
8.6
18.0
17.4
11.5
7.7
17.1
15.1
18.0
8.3
32.8
6.7
13.3
7.6
18.5
11.2
8.7
7.5
7.2
4.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
11.2
5.1
9.2
3.3
2.9
3.7
4.6
1.8
4.2
5.6
10.5
4.7
5.2
4.0
2.8
1.7
5.0
2.0
6.5
10.8
7.9
1.9
0.1
1.4
4.8
3.6
1.7
8.7
5.9
7.1
4.5
3.3
2.8
3.1
3.5
2.9
12.0
9.7
6.5
5.9
8.7
8.5
2.0
1.7
6.7
13.5
5.9
5.1
3.8
2.1
1.9
5.2
3.6
1.8
1.5
15.6
13.0
6.0
7.7
5.5
0.5
3.2
5.5
8.6
4.9
6.1
3.8
2.3
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
1.5
15.0
10.6
0.0
6.7
7.3
0.0
0.0
2.3
12.7
4.8
4.9
2.8
2.2
2.4
4.6
3.7
2.8
4.8
10.1
9.4
5.5
4.6
4.2
2.1
2.8
3.7
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.5
3.0
1.2
2.2
4.1
2.8
1.8
3.8
2.5
3.6
2.3
2.1
3.5
2.2
3.6
1.5
2.9
2.5
2.8
0.0
7.6
1.0
0.2
0.4
1.6
1.6
1.2
3.7
1.6
8.6
6.0
4.1
1.0
5.0
1.9
1.8
2.7
2.0
1.8
0.0
3.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.9
1.5
3.0
1.7
4.7
3.3
3.4
1.8
2.9
2.0
1.9
1.5
0.5
2.7
1.8
1.5
0.5
1.2
2.1
1.5
0.4
0.8
1.9
0.9
0.7
2.5
2.1
1.2
0.2
1.6
1.2
3.3
1.0
3.8
1.6
0.1
0.5
0.8
1.7
5.2
0.8
1.3
2.3
1.0
0.2
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
2.6
0.4
0.5
0.9
1.3
2.5
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.9
0.0
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
128
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TABLE 51: COMPARISON OF WAYS TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Ways to encourage
participation (%)
Have programmes for all ages
Make the area safer
Introduce programmes
that the community wants
Improve the physical
condition of the facilities
Make programmes and
facilities more accessible
Involve more
community members
Market the programmes better
Improve the skills
of the City staff
Reduce the costs
for hiring facilities
Change the operational hours
Offer food as an
incentive for participating
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
91.8
91.0
91.2
90.6
92.4
91.4
92.2
92.1
92.0
91.0
90.2
89.6
91.2
91.8
93.5
89.1
91.2
90.9
97.7
100.0
90.3
90.4
93.2
91.5
90.6
90.6
90.7
90.9
91.2
87.7
89.4
93.5
90.0
97.7
88.8
92.4
90.6
90.5
90.8
91.1
91.4
86.4
90.8
93.1
89.0
100.0
89.3
91.8
90.4
89.4
91.6
90.1
91.3
86.9
88.6
94.0
89.9
97.7
88.1
92.6
88.9
88.9
89.0
89.4
88.8
88.3
87.2
89.6
90.3
89.2
85.7
86.7
85.2
86.4
92.7
92.5
89.6
88.9
100.0
97.7
85.7
86.1
92.1
91.7
86.4
86.1
86.8
85.4
87.4
83.5
82.9
91.6
86.4
95.1
82.3
90.4
86.0
80.3
85.8
79.5
86.2
81.3
84.6
77.0
86.5
81.4
86.0
80.3
83.0
78.0
90.2
86.6
86.0
78.7
96.8
94.5
82.8
77.0
89.1
83.5
70.3
73.7
66.2
68.7
71.5
67.5
71.0
59.6
74.6
63.9
73.4
67.3
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 52: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED FACILITIES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Preferred facilities (%)
Multi-use game areas
Swimming pool
Community hall or
recreation centre
Sports field
Parks
Play areas
Golf courses
Other
Tennis court
Picnic facilities
Basketball court
Boating facilities
Fishing piers
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
27.1
15.6
25.7
15.8
28.7
15.3
24.0
18.2
27.0
15.8
31.7
11.0
13.8
17.2
31.8
13.2
34.5
15.9
35.9
6.0
22.8
17.1
31.3
14.2
12.9
12.2
9.3
5.3
5.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
1.7
1.2
0.8
13.9
11.0
12.9
5.9
3.6
2.9
2.8
2.6
1.4
1.2
0.3
11.8
13.7
5.0
4.6
6.6
3.3
3.0
3.2
2.0
1.3
1.4
9.5
17.7
7.9
5.3
4.7
1.9
4.2
4.0
1.7
0.0
0.8
12.7
11.3
9.3
5.1
5.0
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.9
0.8
18.8
8.6
11.3
6.1
5.0
4.0
0.4
2.1
0.2
0.0
0.7
13.9
18.2
9.9
5.8
5.9
3.5
4.6
3.3
2.9
0.5
0.5
9.1
6.8
13.0
2.4
7.6
4.7
2.6
1.0
1.3
4.3
2.3
14.3
10.2
7.2
6.3
2.4
2.1
1.6
3.5
0.9
0.5
0.5
3.1
10.0
12.1
0.0
22.8
0.0
8.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
13.0
15.9
9.3
5.5
3.0
2.9
3.4
3.4
2.5
0.5
0.7
12.9
8.6
9.4
5.1
6.9
3.2
2.4
2.4
0.9
1.9
0.9
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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TABLE 53: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Age Group
Race
SES
Preferred
programmes (%)
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
Health and fitness
Come and Play
Arts and crafts
Games for seniors
Music
Cricket
Soccer
Dance
Ball games
Learn to swim
Netball
Street soccer
Dominoes
Cards
Inside and outside
Indigenous games
Gym
Slippery slides
Egg and spoon races
Beach games
Obstacle courses
Face painting
Rugby
Other
46.2
43.7
36.5
27.2
22.6
22.0
20.6
20.3
17.1
17.0
13.8
10.5
7.4
6.8
6.6
6.6
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.0
4.7
4.5
4.2
4.0
47.2
45.6
38.8
28.1
25.0
19.2
18.3
24.2
17.5
19.0
16.3
9.9
6.8
6.7
6.8
5.9
4.4
5.6
5.8
5.3
5.1
4.8
3.2
4.0
43.6
40.1
32.5
25.4
19.1
24.8
22.7
14.8
16.0
14.1
10.3
10.9
8.0
6.6
6.2
5.1
7.1
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.0
5.4
3.9
37.4
36.1
31.4
16.4
28.3
22.3
23.2
25.5
15.9
19.5
20.6
13.4
7.2
6.6
7.4
7.0
6.8
5.0
7.0
6.6
6.4
4.6
5.2
7.5
48.2
43.6
34.8
24.3
21.3
22.0
20.9
19.6
16.7
16.6
12.5
11.0
6.6
5.8
6.7
5.5
6.0
5.8
4.9
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.5
3.0
45.7
51.1
47.5
52.2
18.5
19.9
13.8
13.8
18.7
13.7
8.6
3.5
10.7
10.6
4.6
3.7
2.3
3.7
4.6
5.4
4.4
5.1
1.6
3.3
36.3
25.6
26.5
12.0
23.5
22.2
26.0
18.5
10.7
14.2
20.8
11.6
2.9
2.5
4.3
4.6
8.2
2.8
2.7
4.3
1.5
1.9
5.2
4.4
48.5
37.8
38.7
36.8
21.0
17.7
6.8
18.4
16.9
8.3
6.5
3.2
3.8
3.8
2.5
3.8
5.3
4.6
3.8
5.7
4.7
4.1
3.2
5.5
50.5
58.0
41.5
33.5
21.8
22.8
22.4
21.6
21.4
22.4
11.7
12.7
12.3
11.2
10.0
6.9
4.1
7.4
7.7
5.3
6.7
6.2
4.1
3.2
58.5
42.9
40.7
25.3
28.2
29.2
7.4
21.4
13.0
11.6
5.2
6.5
0.0
0.0
3.8
5.7
3.1
5.7
7.2
1.5
9.1
7.2
0.0
0.0
39.8
36.9
30.8
17.9
22.8
22.2
26.1
20.4
14.9
17.3
18.6
12.2
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.4
7.1
4.0
3.6
4.7
2.5
3.0
5.1
3.9
SES2Upper
51.1
49.1
41.0
35.5
21.9
21.3
14.7
19.6
18.7
16.3
8.8
8.5
9.5
8.2
7.9
6.7
4.2
6.6
7.0
5.3
6.7
5.7
3.4
4.0
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 54: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR RECREATION PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Preferred time of day
for programmes (%)
Early morning
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Late at night
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
2.4
12.1
69.6
15.1
0.7
2.5
11.7
71.7
13.4
0.7
2.4
12.5
67.1
17.2
0.7
2.5
9.2
69.4
17.9
1.0
2.9
11.9
69.4
15.4
0.5
0.3
17.0
71.3
10.3
1.1
3.8
9.7
66.5
19.0
1.0
1.3
9.4
69.4
19.1
0.7
2.0
14.8
72.0
10.7
0.4
0.0
17.8
69.1
13.1
0.0
3.3
11.5
69.4
15.0
0.8
SES2Upper
1.6
12.7
69.9
15.3
0.5
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
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TABLE 55: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED COMPONENTS OF RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Preferred
programmes (%)
Physical and mental fitness
Done for enjoyment
and relaxation
Involves other communities
Mass involvement
from the community
Formal codes and rules
Limited number
of people involved
Competitive
Non-competitive
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
94.0
93.1
95.0
96.3
94.3
89.4
96.9
95.4
91.0
100.0
93.2
94.7
94.0
90.4
92.5
89.6
95.9
91.3
94.8
91.1
93.8
90.7
93.8
88.0
94.1
92.6
96.3
88.2
92.8
89.5
97.7
96.8
91.8
88.9
96.2
91.9
89.6
87.9
89.0
87.0
90.3
88.9
90.4
86.2
90.3
88.4
85.7
87.9
93.6
86.4
81.1
90.1
90.4
87.5
87.4
100.0
90.7
85.6
88.6
90.1
73.8
71.5
67.9
73.8
69.8
67.2
73.8
73.5
68.8
70.1
79.1
61.7
75.0
71.0
69.6
73.8
62.5
69.4
70.4
76.6
62.5
86.7
77.6
72.6
70.4
65.4
69.5
82.4
62.7
75.8
69.1
70.6
62.6
78.3
72.3
73.0
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
TABLE 56: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED COMMUNICATION CHANNELS BY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Gender
Preferred
communication (%)
Street posters or billboards
Radio programmes
Word of mouth
Television programmes
Print (i.e. newspapers,
magazines, pamphlet)
Community meetings
Door to door visits
Direct mail
Via SMS
Electronic (i.e. e-mail, internet)
Age Group
Race
SES
Total
F
M
Y
Ad
Sr
Bl
Wh
Col
As/In
SES1Lower
SES2Upper
89.2
87.2
85.1
83.0
88.4
87.6
84.6
82.7
90.1
86.8
85.8
83.4
87.2
87.2
81.7
85.6
90.1
87.3
86.4
82.5
88.1
87.0
84.5
81.2
82.1
86.7
79.7
83.2
92.3
88.9
87.7
85.8
92.6
86.8
88.1
81.4
100.0
89.3
85.1
89.3
85.3
87.0
82.4
83.1
92.9
87.4
87.8
82.9
82.6
82.0
79.4
74.7
70.7
55.2
83.0
81.0
76.7
74.6
67.6
52.3
82.1
83.2
82.7
74.8
74.6
58.8
81.5
80.0
75.4
74.6
67.9
53.6
82.4
82.4
80.0
74.7
71.0
55.4
84.8
83.0
82.4
74.7
73.6
56.9
72.3
86.2
78.4
68.7
58.9
34.5
89.5
74.0
70.9
87.6
81.4
85.1
86.7
83.3
84.6
72.8
74.0
56.4
93.2
56.9
60.5
92.0
91.8
84.6
77.5
86.4
81.9
69.2
63.5
39.9
87.5
77.7
77.0
79.9
77.8
70.1
SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010
Appendix 5: Map of SRA Districts
Legend
SRA Districts
District
1
1
2
5
3
4
2
3
6
GIS: Sport, Recreation
& Amenities
4
5
6
Title District Boundaries
Metres
0
3,950
7,900
15,800
RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011
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Endnotes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
134
HSRC, 2008
HSRC, 2008
President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
Ibid.
Resources for the Future, 2009
Sport and Recreation Policy, City of Cape Town
City of Cape Town, 2010
Romanovsky and Gie, 2006, p. 6
Small, 2008
Scientific Research and Essay, 2010, p.93
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007, p. 1
National Department of Sport and Recreation, 1998
African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010
Teng & Ong, 2001, p.517
Ibid.
Singapore Sports Council, 2005
Office of the Minister for Children, Dublin, 2007, p.36
Ceredigion County Council, 2006-2010, p.6-7
HSRC, 2008
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007
Singapore Sports Council, 2005
African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010
HSRC, 2008
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
National Sport and Recreation Strategic Plan 2009-2013, 2009, p.24
Ibid.
SRSA Strategic Plan 2010-2014, Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation, March 2012
Sport and Recreation, 2008/09, p.486
Ibid.
Department of Cultural Affairs, Sport and Recreation, 2010
Ibid.
Ibid.
Sport and Recreation, 2008/09, p.484
Constitution of the Western Cape, 1998, p.42
City of Cape Town, 2010
City of Cape Town’s Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.23
City of Cape Town’s Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.23
CSS Portfolio Committee Report, 2009
Ibid.
City of Cape Town, Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.7
Departmental Business Plan 2010/2011 (SRA), p.1
City of Cape Town, Sport and Recreation Policy, p.6
Ibid.
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Ibid.
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Atlantis focus group participant, 2010
Ibid.
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Ibid.
Delft focus group participant, 2010
Lwandle focus group participant, 2010
Delft focus group participant, 2010
Ibid.
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Small, 2010
Ibid.
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
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Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010
Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010
Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010
District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010
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