COCT Report Cover Final 1/28/11 11:54 AM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY RESEARCH REPORT Composite JANUARY 2011 COCT Report Cover Final 1/28/11 11:54 AM Page 2 C Composite M Y CM MY CY CMY K 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 1 A special thanks to all the community members who participated in focus groups and the survey. Your time and input is much appreciated. City of Cape Town project team: Trevor Wright (project manager), Franklin Anthony, Alric Farmer, Melissa Witbooi, Ne-Ray Lubbe, Mildred van der Heever, assisted by Karen Small Mthente Research and Consulting Services research team: Dr Mills Soko, Heidi Villa-Vicencio, Dr Birungi Korutaro, Jennie Tsekwa, Justin Du Toit For further information relating to this research, including access to the raw data (in Excel or SPSS format), contact Trevor Wright, Head: Research, Information and Facility Planning, Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities, City of Cape Town, 021 400 3481, Trevor.Wright@capetown.gov.za RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 1 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 2 Message from Gert Bam DIRECTOR OF THE SPORT, RECREATION AND AMENITIES DEPARTMENT The vision of the Sport, Recreation and Amenities Department of the City of Cape Town is to enhance the quality of life of citizens and visitors through the provision of world class facilities and programmes. Recognising the importance of recreation in achieving its vision, the department has commissioned this research to inform how we allocate our limited resources in accordance with the needs of our communities. This will ultimately allow us to make an effective contribution towards enhancing the quality of life of our people. It gives me great pleasure to present this Recreation Research Study to you. In freely sharing this information, it is my hope that many other organisations and institutions can apply the findings of this research to their own work, as we are already doing, with the goal of better serving our communities in the metropolitan area of Cape Town. We welcome your comments, and are open to discussion and suggestions. We as a department recognise the massive positive effects of working together in partnership with each other, and I hope that this research can serve as a catalyst to the formation of such partnerships and collaboration. Many of the research findings confirm that many aspects of sport and recreation facilities, programmes and events that we provide are well targeted, and are making a positive difference to the lives of many people, both young and old. Conversely, some of the findings identify areas for improvement. My staff and I will not shy away from these challenges; we intend to address them head-on. To this end, the researchers have created a series of indicators, against which we intend to measure the success or failure of the corrective actions we are already planning to take. Serving a population of 3,6 million people in a metropolitan area covering 2500 sq km is not for the faint of heart! Rest assured that Sport, Recreation and Amenities, and our political leadership, are serious about making a difference in the lives of the communities we serve. I trust that you will find this research informative and useful. Gert Bam Director: Sport, Recreation & Amenities Department City Council of Cape Town 021 400 5090 2 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 3 Message from Brett Herron MAYORAL COMMITTEE MEMBER FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES I would like to congratulate Director Gert Bam and his research project team from Sport, Recreation and Amenities, and our consultants for this project, Mthente Research and Consulting Services, for producing a valuable and timely research report. It is a proud moment for Cape Town, as the City is the first municipality in the Western Cape, and possibly South Africa, to commission this type of research. It is an alarming fact that more than half of South Africans do not participate in any type of sport and recreation at all. But with these research results and the way we plan to implement the findings, Cape Town is one step ahead in improving the general health of its residents. It was particularly insightful to learn from the research findings what type of facilities the communities prefer and what sports and recreational they are most interested in. This is extremely helpful information for the City as it enables us to give the communities the facilities and programmes they want and need, which more than 90% of the surveyed adults said will lead them to participate in sports and physical activities. We are very excited about taking this research further and turning Cape Town into a physically active, healthy city. Brett Herron Mayoral Committee member City of Cape Town 021 400 4754 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 3 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 4 Executive Summary Very little research has been done to measure participation levels in sport and recreation at a provincial and metropolitan levels in South Africa. Such studies are essential to guide local government departments in their provision of recreational facilities and services based on what communities want and need. assess participation levels and identify the barriers and motivators to participation. METHODOLOGY Furthermore, previous research has shown that the lack of recreation and the increase in sedentary lifestyles among adults, and more worryingly among children, has a detrimental impact on the physical, mental and social health of a nation. Thus, the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities (SRA), within the Department of Community Services of the City of Cape Town, commissioned Mthente Research and Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd to conduct a baseline survey with Cape Town residents in September 2010. The main aim of the survey was to 4 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY The research team utilised a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including start up meetings with SRA staff members, focus groups with residents, one-on-one interviews with internal and external stakeholders and a quantitative survey with 1,500 residents. The survey data is representative of the population of Cape Town, with a weighting towards lower income communities. As requested by the SRA, the data was compared by gender, age, race and SES Index. District comparisons are included in a separate appendix. 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 5 PARTICIPATION LEVELS TABLE 3: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION Activity Total Aerobics/ fitness 4.4% Aquarobics 0.3% Atheletics/ track and field 1.2% Badminton 0.4% Basketball 0.7% TABLE 1: ADULT PARTICIPATION Snooker/ pool 2.0% Adult Health and Participation Boxing 0.8% Canoeing/ kayaking 0.4% Cricket (indoor or outdoor) 1.7% As can be seen in the table below, participation levels in Cape Town are relatively low considering the vast natural resources of the City. Only 24.6% of adult residents participate in physical activities in their spare time. Significantly more residents rate themselves as healthy even though less than two in five adults exercise regularly. Participate in physical activities in spare time (i.e. when bored) 24.6% Participate in sport and/or recreation 27.1% Cycling 0.9% 7.6% Dancing 1.0% Darts 0.5% Fishing 0.4% Golf 0.8% Gymnastics 1.0% Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 0.2% Horse riding 0.3% Maritial arts/ karate 1.2% Netball 3.1% Rock climbing 0.2% Rowing 0.1% TABLE 2: CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION Rugby 2.0% Children’s Participation Running 2.4% Sailing 0.2% Scuba diving 0.1% 7.4% Belong to a sport club or team Rate self as healthy 60.2% Belong to a gym 10.5% Regularly engage in physical exercise 36.9% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 According to their caretakers, approximately 45.9% of children in Cape Town participate in physical activities when they are bored. Slightly more children (66.4%) participate in sport and recreation activities and 62.2% regularly engage in physical exercise. Participate in physical activities in spare time (i.e. when bored) 45.9% Participate in sport and/or recreation 66.4% Soccer (indoor or outdoor) Belong to a sport club or team 21.5% Softball Regularly engage in physical activity 62.2% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Table 3 provides adult participation levels in the most common sport and recreation activities (arranged by alphabetical order). As can be seen below, the most common activities are soccer (7.4%), walking (5.6%), aerobics/fitness (4.4%), netball (3.1%) and running (2.4%). However, these participation levels varied significantly by demographic groups. 0.04% Squash/ racquetball 0.2% Surf sports 0.2% Swimming 1.2% Table Tennis 0.5% Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 0.3% Tenpin bowling 0% Volleyball 0.1% Walking 5.6% Weight training 1.8% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 5 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 6 SATISFACTION WITH PROGRAMMES SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF Overall 5.3% of residents said they participated in a City programme in the past year. On average, 56.3% of the residents that participated in City programmes are satisfied with the programmes. Only 18.4% of residents know who to speak to for information about recreational programmes in their community. Even fewer residents have interacted with recreation staff. Of those who have interacted with recreation staff, an average of 59.6% are satisfied with the staff. Areas for improvement are the ability of staff to develop programmes and have relevant skills. TABLE 4: PERCEPTIONS OF CITY PROGRAMMES City Programmes Participate in City programmes in past year 5.3% TABLE 6: PERCEPTIONS OF RECREATION STAFF Overall satisfaction with City programmes 56.3% Recreation Staff Satisfied with programmes’ ability to meet community needs 55.2% Knowledge of who to speak to about programmes 18.4% Satisfied with programmes’ cost 58.5% Have interacted with recreation staff 15.1% Satisified with City’s marketing for programmes 53.5% Overall satisfaction with recreation staff 59.6% Satisfaction with the time of day programmes are offered 58.0% Satisfied with ability of recreation staff to develop programmes 50.5% Satisfied with availability of recreation staff 62.2% Satisfied with skills of recreation staff 57.3% Satisfied with attitude of recreation staff towards the public 68.7% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES The majority of residents are aware of the recreation facilities in their communities. Approximately 49.0% feel that the facilities benefit their community and on average 54.5% are satisfied with the facilities. The areas of least satisfaction are with the facilities’ costs, booking procedures and management. TABLE 5: PERCEPTIONS OF FACILITIES Sport and Recreation Facilities Knowledge of facilities in community 97.8% Perception that facilities are benefiting the community 49.0% Overall satisfaction with facilities 54.5% Satisfied with facility’s size 59.4% Satisfied with facility’s cost 46.6% Satisified with facility’s cleanliness/maintenance 58.4% Satisfied with facility’s management 51.9% Satisfied with facility’s location 60.6% Satisfied with facility’s opening and closing times 57.9% Satisfied with facility’s booking procedures 48.6% Satisfied with facility’s accessibility for wheelchairs 52.7% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 6 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 BARRIERS AND MOTIVATIONS In addition to the concerns highlighted by the ratings above, residents highlighted the following top three reasons for not participating in sport and recreation: • Lack of facilities (51.3%). • Lack of money (36.8%). • Lack of time (27.1%). For children, the same top two reasons were given, but rather than lack of time, the third most common reason was unsuitable facilities. On a more positive note, residents identified the following reasons why they participate in sport and recreation: • For exercise/to stay healthy (94.3%). • For enjoyment (88.7%). • To relax (82.2%). According to their caretakers, children are motivated to participate in sport and recreation by the opportunity to play, enjoy themselves and exercise/stay healthy. 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 7 Overall, the top three benefits associated with sport and recreation are: • Providing opportunities to enjoy the outdoors (57.5%). • Developing youth (54.0%). • Improving health and wellness (53.7%). As can be seen in Table 7, 89.3% of residents feel that recreation is important for communities in Cape Town, 62.6% are interested in participating in City programmes and 53.8% would like to volunteer for the City. TABLE 7: ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT AND RECREATION Attitudes towards Sport and Recreation FIGURE 1: DESIRED FACILITIES Multi-use game area 27.1% Swimming pool 15.6% Community hall 12.9% Sports field 12.2% 9.3% Parks Play areas 5.3% Golf courses 5.0% Other 3.0% Tennis court 2.9% 2.9% Belief that recreation is important 89.3% Picnic facilities Belief that recreation is important compared to other needs 85.1% Basketball court 1.7% Boating facilities 1.2% Interested in participating in City programmes 62.6% Fishing piers 0.8% Interested in participating in recreation programmes run by other organisations 63.2% Interested in volunteering 53.8% 20% 0% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 DESIRED INTERVENTIONS Residents most frequently identified the following ways to increase participation among adults: • Have programmes for all ages (91.8%). • Make the area safe (91.0%). • Introduce programmes that the community wants (90.6%). Residents looking after children most frequently identified the following ways to increase participation among children: SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 As can be seen in Figure 2 below, the majority of residents prefer recreation programmes to be held in the afternoon. FIGURE 2: PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR PROGRAMMES Early morning 2.4% 12.1% Morning 69.6% Afternoon 15.1% Evening 0.7% Late at night 0% • Have programmes for all ages (93.5%). • Improve the condition of the facilities (93.2%). • Introduce programmes that the community wants (93.1%). When asked what facilities they would like in their communities, responses varied only slightly by demographic groups. Overall, the most common responses were multi-use game areas, swimming pools, community halls, sports fields and parks (see Figure 1). 40% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Figure 3 (on the next page) provides a breakdown of the percentage of residents that are interested in various programmes offered by the City. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 7 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 8 CONCLUSIONS FIGURE 3: DESIRED PROGRAMMES Health and fitness 46.2% 43.7% Come and Play Arts and crafts • Many Cape Town residents, including children, live sedentary lives and rarely participate in sport and recreation, which has serious consequences on physical, mental and social health. 36.5% 27.2% Games for seniors Music 22.6% Cricket 22.0% Soccer 20.6% Dance 20.3% 17.1% Ball games Learn to swim • The majority of Cape Town residents, across race, gender, age and socio-economic status, expressed a desire for more recreation opportunities for all ages in their communities. 17.0% 13.8% 10.5% Netball Street soccer Dominoes Cards 7.4% 6.8% Inside and outside 6.6% Gym 5.6% Indigenous games 5.6% Slippery slides 5.4% 5.4% Egg and spoon races • More priority needs to be given to recreation at national, provincial and local government levels. • Compared to other City services, satisfaction levels with recreation services and facilities have not increased over the past three years, suggesting the need for more prioritisation at a City level. • The demographic profile and responses of the survey respondents suggest factors that influence their involvement in sport and recreation. 5.0% Beach games Obstacle courses 4.7% Face painting 4.5% Rugby Other 4.2% • Preferred activities vary significantly by demographic group. 4.0% 0% 20% The following conclusions were drawn from the findings and are discussed in more detail in the report: 40% 60% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS • There is a vast untapped market for involvement since the majority of residents have not participated in a City programme in the past year. SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Overall, residents prefer recreational programmes that involve: • Physical and mental fitness (94.0%). • Enjoyment and relaxation (94.0%). • Interaction with other communities (90.4%). In receiving information about recreational programmes and activities, the top three preferred communication channels are: • Street posters and billboards (89.2%). • Radio programmes (87.2%). • Word of mouth (85.1%). • Most residents are aware of the facilities in their community but do not feel that they are benefiting the community as much as they could. • Very few residents have interacted with recreation staff, suggesting a huge need for more engagement with the community. • The barriers and motivators to participation include both external factors and personal reasons, thus requiring a multi-pronged approach. • Interventions must vary according to the unique needs of communities, while also keeping in mind the common trends across all residents. • The survey has confirmed the need for ongoing research to assess the needs, behaviour and preferences of residents and measure the impact of sport and recreation. 8 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 9 • The survey has also confirmed the importance of agreeing upon a working definition of sport and recreation. • Plan according to the preferences expressed by different demographic groups but look for ways to increase social cohesion and integration. • Reviewing international case studies provides valuable lessons for the SRA. • Market programmes more and tailor programmes to meet the needs of communities, particularly for all age groups. • The study confirmed the need for partnerships between the SRA and other Departments, organisations and experts in the field. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the findings and conclusions, the following interventions are recommended: • To encourage more active lifestyles among adults and children, increase participation in sport and recreation through a social marketing campaign aimed at knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. • Focus on informal recreation that builds communities rather than primarily on formal sport. • Advocate for sport and recreation to be given more priority through national, provincial and City policies. • Prioritise recreation alongside the City’s other essential services. • Address social problems through partnerships with other departments, schools and community organisations. FIGURE 4: AFTERSCHOOL PROGRAMME IN REBECCA VAN AMSTERDAM HALL, ATLANTIS (SOURCE: SRA) • Upgrade old facilities, utilise and expand existing facilities, build new facilities and focus on services where funding is limited. • Increase the visibility of recreation staff and provide training on community engagement. • Capitalise on the things that motivate residents to participate in sport and recreation. • Take a segmented approach in addressing barriers and looking at desired interventions. • Continue to engage in ongoing research within the SRA. • Agree upon a working definition of sport and recreation to guide the SRA’s strategy and programmes. • Continue to benchmark the City’s facilities and programmes against comparable international examples. • Form partnerships to aid the implementation of necessary changes. FIGURE 5: CAPE TOWN INTERNATIONAL SOCCER CHALLENGE (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 9 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 10 Table of Contents 10 FOREWORDS 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS 12 1. INTRODUCTION – THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT AND RECREATION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Aim of the Research 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Report Structure 13 14 14 14 17 2. DEFINING SPORT AND RECREATION 18 3. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT Case Study 1: Botswana Case Study 2: Singapore Case Study 3: Ireland Case Study 4: Wales 20 21 22 23 24 4. THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT 4.1 National Trends in Sport and Recreation 4.2 Recreation Initiatives and Policies in the Western Cape 4.3 Sport and Recreation in the City of Cape Town 4.4 Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities 25 25 27 28 30 5. PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS, HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES 5.1 Description of Respondents 5.2 Description of Households 5.3 Description of Communities 5.4 Summary of Chapter 5 32 32 34 35 36 6. PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION 6.1 Adult Participation 6.2 Children’s Participation 6.3 Summary of Chapter 6 37 38 48 53 7. PARTICIPATION IN CITY PROGRAMMES 7.1 Participation levels 7.2 Types of programmes 7.3 Satisfaction levels 7.4 Summary of Chapter 7 55 56 56 56 57 8. USAGE & PERCEPTIONS OF FACILITIES 8.1 Facilities in Cape Town 8.2 Knowledge of facilities 8.3 Usage of facilities 8.4 Perceptions of the benefits of facilities for communities 8.5 Satisfaction with facilities 8.6 Summary of Chapter 8 59 60 61 62 62 63 64 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 9. 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 11 INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF 9.1 Knowledge of recreation staff 9.2 Interaction with recreation staff 9.3 Satisfaction with recreation staff 9.4 Summary of Chapter 9 66 66 67 68 69 10. BARRIERS & MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATION 10.1 Adults’ reasons for and against participating 10.2 Children’s reasons for and against participating 10.3 Negative and positive experiences with sport and recreation 10.4 Attitudes towards sport and recreation 10.5 Summary of Chapter 10 71 72 75 77 78 80 11. DESIRED INTERVENTIONS 11.1 Encouraging participation among adult residents 11.2 Encouraging participation among children 11.3 Desired facilities and programmes 11.4 Preferences for programmes 11.5 Preferred communication channels 11.6 Preferred partners 11.7 Suggested interventions by stakeholders 11.8 Summary of Chapter 11 82 82 83 83 86 87 87 88 89 12. KPI SCORECARD & STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK 12.1 Key Performance Indicators 12.2 Measuring impact 12.3 Developing a successful recreation strategy 12.4 The City’s role 91 91 94 94 95 13. CONCLUSIONS 96 14. RECOMMENDATIONS 100 APPENDIX 1: STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS 103 APPENDIX 2: MAP OF EAS FOR HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 103 APPENDIX 3: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 104 APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISONS 128 APPENDIX 5: MAP OF SRA DISTRICTS 131 REFERENCES 132 ENDNOTES 134 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 11 1. CCT Report-A. Foreword D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:23 AM Page 12 List of Acronyms DCAS DSR: WC HSRC IDP MPP PGWC SANGALA SES SLA SMPP SRSA SRA SSC UN USA WCED 12 Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport Department of Sport and Recreation in the Western Cape Human Sciences Research Council Integrated Development Plan Mass Participation Programme Provincial Government of the Western Cape South African National Games and Leisure Activities Programme Socio-economic Status Service Level Agreement Siyadladla Mass Participation Programme Sports and Recreation of South Africa Sports, Recreation and Amenities Singapore Sports Council United Nations United States of America Western Cape Education Department CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 2. CCT Report-1. Introduction D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:29 AM Page 13 Introduction: The Importance of Sport and Recreation 1 Participation levels in physical activities in South Africa are currently very low, according to recent research by organisations like the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC).1 A large percentage of South Africans very rarely, if ever, participate in any kind of organised physical activity. Instead, they prefer spending their leisure time listening to music, watching TV, DVDs or videos, or socialising with friends.2 The increase in sedentary lifestyles is particularly concerning in terms of its consequences for South Africa’s future – its children. International research shows that there is a close link between recreation and health. Among children, lack of physical activity is often linked to obesity. In turn, obesity is linked to a variety of serious diseases and metabolic disorders including Type II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, gall bladder disease, respiratory diseases, various cancers and osteoarthritis.3 In addition to causing obesity and other serious illnesses, the lack of physical activity and the increase in “videophilia” (i.e. the love of playing video games, surfing the internet and watching movies and television) has been shown to cause attention disorders, poor academic performance and lack of socialisation.4 Research has found that the further away recreation facilities and activities are from children’s homes and the less safe they are, the less likely children are to participate.5 Thus, even in a beautiful city like Cape Town, that has an abundance of natural resources, many children and adults stay indoors. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 13 2. CCT Report-1. Introduction D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:29 AM Page 14 Access to beaches and the mountain is difficult and expensive for many. Similarly, the price of sport and recreational equipment, gym memberships and facility rentals is often prohibitive. The influence of gangs and other safety concerns in many communities also prevents residents from accessing recreational parks and sports facilities. leaders in their day to day interactions with communities, as well as to inform strategies at the highest level in the SRA. More specifically, the report aims to: Without increased support for outdoor recreation and physical activities, South Africa’s health and social services will be overwhelmed by the side-effects. Sport and recreation is an essential service for the physical, mental and social health of a nation. • Quantify levels of participation and interest in sport and recreation in communities. 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The City of Cape Town views sport and recreation as a “vital developmental tool to maximise social development through the provision of facilities and programmes.”6 Yet faced with the reality described above, what is the best approach for the City to contribute to building active, strong and vibrant communities through sport and recreation? 7 • Provide information about the recreation activities and needs of residents, including access to facilities and barriers to the use of facilities. • Quantify the barriers and enabling factors that will allow for maximum use and benefit of Council facilities (including resorts, sports grounds, indoor sports centres, community halls and stadia) and amenities. • Identify and recommend opportunities for Council/SRA to facilitate and assist community recreation initiatives at Council facilities. • Make recommendations for the SRA to influence and attract the inactive population of the city to become more active in informal sport and recreation activities. To answer this question, the City needed firsthand feedback from households in Cape Town to find out their current levels of participation and the barriers and enabling factors that contribute to their use of recreation facilities and programmes run by the City. The Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities (SRA), located within the Department of Community Services of the City of Cape Town, thus commissioned Mthente Research and Consulting Services (Pty) Ltd to conduct a baseline survey in September 2010 that would be representative of the City’s approximate population of 3.5 million residents spread across the SRA’s six districts. FIGURE 6: YOUTH ENJOYING RECREATION DURING PRINCE ALBERT'S VISIT TO GUGULETHU, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) 1.2 AIM OF THE RESEARCH 1.3 METHODOLOGY Due to the fact that the City’s formal sporting codes are generally well resourced and provided for, the research focused on less-resourced communities and residents who are not involved in formal sports. The aim of this report is to provide guidance for area managers, recreation officers, facility officers and play The research team used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. These included desktop research, consultations with SRA staff, focus groups with Cape Town residents, stakeholder interviews with experts in the field, and a quantitative baseline survey with 1 500 metro residents.i i. For more information about the methodology used to undertake the study, please contact Mthente Research and Consulting Services at 021 674 0504. 14 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 2. CCT Report-1. Introduction D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:29 AM Page 15 1.3.1 Desktop research To gain an understanding of sport and recreation locally and internationally, the research team reviewed: • International definitions of sport and recreation; • International case studies of sport and recreation interventions; FIGURE 7: RESEARCH PROJECT TEAM MEETING (SOURCE: SRA) • National and provincial policies in South Africa; 1.3.4 Exploratory focus groups • SRA strategy documents and job descriptions. The key contextual insights from this review are captured in Chapters 3 and 4 of the report. 1.3.2 Consultations At the beginning of the project, exploratory workshops were held with recreation officers, play leaders, facility managers, area managers and district managers. The purpose of the workshops was to gain buy-in for the research, as well as to ensure that the outcomes of the research would be relevant to those working in the field and in the SRA’s offices. Before conducting the household survey, six focus groups, with a total of 93 participants, were held to explore the topics that would be covered in the survey and to provide a forum for communities to discuss their experiences with sport and recreation. The criteria for selecting the communities were: • Evenly spread across SRA’s 6 districts. • A range of SES indexes (4 low, 2 high). The six sites are indicated in the table below. TABLE 8: SRA DISTRICT AND SES INDEX OF FOCUS GROUP SITES 1.3.3 Identification of an appropriate socio-economic indicator While some studies use the Living Standard Measure (LSM) as a socio-economic indicator, the City of Cape Town uses the Socio-economic Status (SES) Index to measure the social and economic well-being of communities. It is derived from four indicators: 1) income levels; 2) educational attainment; 3) unemployment levels; and 4) percentage of the labour force in unskilled occupations. SRA District SES Index Atlantis 1 46.20 Claremont 2 9.38 Delft 4 60.81 Khayelitsha 3 66.29 Lwandle 6 74.23 Observatory ii 1 14.73 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 For the purposes of this research and other studies conducted by the City, communities that score 40 and above are considered low income, while communities that score below 40 are considered middle to upper income.8 The selection of SES Index for this study allows for greater comparability with other City studies. To ensure substantial representation of the communities in most dire need, the research was weighted in favour of lower income areas – four of the six focus groups took place in lower income areas and 70% of the quantitative interviews took place in lower income areas. FIGURE 8: DELFT FOCUS GROUP (SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010) ii. Two attempts were made to hold a focus group in Durbanville to represent District 5. When these were not successful, Observatory was substituted as another upper income area. Thus, two focus groups were held in District 1. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 15 2. CCT Report-1. Introduction D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:29 AM Following each focus group, a detailed transcript of the discussion was captured electronically and coded for key themes. A short case study was then written up for each community. These case studies are included in Chapters 6 to 11 of the report. The themes have also been used to add richness to the quantitative findings. 1.3.5 Stakeholder interviews Throughout the course of the research, one-on-one interviews were held with key internal and external stakeholders, including PGWC and City officials, community members and academics in the field of sport and recreation. The purpose of these interviews was to gain expert opinions on what is working well in the City and where improvements can be made. A complete list of the stakeholders that were interviewed is included in Appendix 1. 1.3.6 Household survey Following the qualitative fieldwork, the research team developed a quantitative questionnaire in collaboration with the SRA. Once approved, the English questionnaire was translated into Xhosa and Afrikaans. Cognitive testing of the questionnaires was then undertaken to ensure that the questions were easy to comprehend and able to gather the information required by the Department. Page 16 3.5%.iv In other words, if the survey was repeated 100 times, 99 of the surveys would have results ranging within 3.5% of the average of all the results. To select the households, starting points were chosen randomly in 250 Enumeration Areas (EAs) and specific houses were selected based on a sampling interval (see Appendix 2 for a map of the EAs).v A Kish grid was then used to randomly select a respondent from within each household.vi It was agreed with the Department that only individuals 16 years and older should be interviewed. However, these individuals were also asked to comment on the sport and recreation behaviour and preferences of younger members of the household. In preparation for the fieldwork, Mthente trained its team of fieldworkers on the objectives of the study, providing them with a letter of introduction from the Department and full orientation to the questionnaire. To ensure the quality of the data, call backs were made to 15% of the respondents. The questionnaires and the data capturing were also screened by in-house quality controllers. Using official population statistics, Mthente drew a stratified random sample that employed Population Proportional to Size (PPS) stratification to ensure adequate representation for SRA district and SES Index. This constituted the explicit stratification criteria for the sampling design. Implicitly, the sample was also stratified according to race, gender and age to ensure further representivity. As mentioned earlier, the sample was weighted in favour of lower income areas.iii As of 2007, there were an estimated 3.5 million residents in Cape Town.9 Thus, Mthente interviewed 1 500 respondents to achieve 99% certainty that the true or actual scores of the population will only deviate from the scores achieved in the survey by a maximum of FIGURE 9: SURVEY FIELDWORK (SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010) iii. Weighting is a technique used to assure representation of sub- groups in the sample. Data for underrepresented cases are weighted to compensate for their small numbers, making the sample a better representation of the population. iv. i.e. the confidence level for the sample was 99% and the margin of error was 3.5%. v. EAs are the demarcated areas used by Stats SA to carry out the Census. Based on best practice, six interviews were conducted per EA. vi. A Kish grid is a grid of random numbers that is used to randomly select a member of a household. It is used when conducting a survey that requires a random probability sample, and where more than one person in the household may qualify to be a respondent. 16 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 2. CCT Report-1. Introduction D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 7:29 AM Page 17 FIGURE 10: RECREATION FESTIVAL, MITCHELLS PLAIN, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) 1.3.7 Analysis and Development of Key Performance Indicators 1.4 REPORT STRUCTURE The report is structured as follows: Following the desktop research and fieldwork, the qualitative and quantitative data was analysed according to the following themes: • Chapter 2 presents a working definition of sport and recreation. • Levels of involvement in sports and recreation facilities and activities. • Chapter 3 provides a brief desktop review of international case studies. • The current state of facilities, amenities and programmes in the City. • Chapter 4 looks at South Africa’s policies and their relevance for the SRA. • Barriers and enabling factors that contribute to participation in recreation activities and facilities. • Chapters 5-11 discusses the findings from the focus groups and survey. • Preferences and recommendations for recreation activities and facilities in Cape Town. • Chapter 12 provides a scorecard of key performance indicators. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were then developed for the Department to use for future tracking. These are highlighted in the body of the report and summarised in Chapter 12. • Chapters 13-14 discusses conclusions and recommendations for the City. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 17 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 2 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 18 Defining Sport and Recreation Defining key terms is critical for marketing, developing strategies and defining roles and responsibilities. However, when it comes to the subject matter of this study, agreeing on definitions is no easy task. The terms ‘sport’ and ‘recreation’ are defined in many different ways around the world. For example, in Istanbul, recreation is defined as the “activities that people choose to engage in when at leisure, and it may be multifaceted, comprising physical, cognitive, emotional and social component.”10 In Australia, the definition is much broader. Sports and physical recreation activities are defined as “all types of activity other than gardening, housework, manual labouring and other forms of occupational physical activity.”11 There are a range of definitions in South Africa as well. Unfortunately, many of the definitions used in policy documents aren’t very clear. For example, the National Sport and Recreation Act of 1998 states that 18 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY “recreation service means a recreation service whose primary business it is to present recreation services.”12 In preliminary workshops and stakeholder interviews, SRA staff members agreed on some basic differences between sport and recreation. In summary: • Sport refers to formal, structured activities with a prescribed set of sporting codes. • Recreation refers to informal, unstructured, leisure activities which allow for mass participation, but can also be done on an individual level. Many felt, however, that the two were not mutually exclusive but could rather be found on a continuum. Based on this feedback and a wide review of available definitions, the SRA project team supplied the following definition, to be tested against the findings from the survey. 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 19 CAPE TOWN STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA) Recreation encompasses leisure activities people undertake for enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and well-being, and/or to restore and challenge their self-perception. Recreation encompasses leisure activities people undertake for enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and well-being, and/or to restore and challenge their self-perception. Recreation activities can be either active – involving the participant in doing an activity – or passive – involving the participant in watching others involved in activity. Active recreation includes: • Sport – physical activity with rules, an element of competition and an organised structure; • Informal sporting activity – ‘fun’ physical activities where no competition is organised; • Outdoor recreation – physical activities that use the natural physical environment, such as walking, mountain biking, surfing or jogging; • Indoor recreation – activities that are organised at indoor recreation facilities and require at least an increase in normal body movement. Passive recreation includes: • Watching live sport; • Playing games that don’t increase normal body movement; • Attending concerts, theatre, cinemas and cultural events. Adapted from: Wellington’s Recreation Strategic Plan; www.wellington.govt.nz/plans/policies/recstrat/index.htm As mentioned above, definitions are important, not only to inform how the Department markets and educates people about the facilities and programmes it offers, but also for internal planning and understanding of roles and responsibilities. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 19 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 20 SOCCER FIELD IN IRELAND 3 International Context As early as 1948, the United Nations (UN) recognised recreation as a fundamental human right which all governments should make available to their people. The UN’s Declaration of Human Rights states that, “Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.”vii Paying attention to particularly vulnerable groups, the UN passed several articles which call for the participation of women and children in recreation. Specific to the participation of children in recreation, the UN “recognises the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the art.” United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2 September 1990 vii. Article 24 of the UN, Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948). 20 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY In attempts at eliminating all forms of discrimination against women, the UN stated that “State Parties shall take appropriate measure to eliminate discrimination against women in other areas of economic and social life in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular, and among others the right to participate in recreational activities, sports and all aspects of cultural life.” Article 13 of the UN, Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 18 December 1979 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 21 A review of information on sport and recreation in countries across the world reveals that recreation is managed and facilitated in many different ways depending on how it is defined. For example, in the United States of America (USA) recreation is associated with parks (i.e. parks and recreation) where as in India it is associated with tourism (i.e. recreation and tourism). Internationally, recreation is rarely discussed on its own. Similarly, in the South African context, recreation is almost always discussed in relation to sport. To gain insights into the way other countries manage recreation and encourage participation, the research team identified four case studies in Botswana, Singapore, Wales and Ireland.viii These were selected based on the following criteria: • The countries/programmes have similar objectives to those of the SRA which, among others, aims to increase the level of participation in recreation activities. • The case studies give an insight into why some communities do not participate in recreation activities and how their respective government departments tried to address low levels of participation. Each case study provides a brief snapshot of countryspecific interventions that aimed to increase levels of participation in sport and recreation, as well as applications for the SRA. FIGURE 12: RUGBY PLAYER IN BOTSWANA (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) CASE STUDY 1: BOTSWANA In 2004, the African Journal of Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance assessed sports and recreation participation in three communities in Botswana: (1) Molepole; (2) Serowe and (3) Masunga. A survey was used to gather information about participation in sports and recreation activities, including the use of integrated sports facilities and the reasons for low participation in sports and recreation activities.ix This study revealed low levels of participation in noncompetitive sports and recreation activities.13 In some areas, there was virtually no participation, while the highest level of participation in any of the surveyed areas was only 47.4%. FIGURE 11: FAMILY ENJOYING RECREATION (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) viii. The research team found limited research that could provide sufficient information for the case studies; thus, two studies were taken from the UK. ix. A total of 438 persons (228 men and 210 women) aged between 18 to 40 years were randomly selected to participate in the study. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 21 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 22 The study found that participation in sports and recreation was low in these communities due to: • Lack of awareness of recreation activities. • Limited sport and recreation promotion within these communities. CASE STUDY 2: SINGAPORE In 2001, the Singapore Sports Council (SSC) assessed the physical activity patterns among males and females nationally.14 It was found that Singaporeans were spending less time on physical activities. More time was being spent on leisure time activities in sedentary • A shortage of sports and recreational facilities. • Lack of capacity (i.e. sport and recreation staff) to run programmes in these communities. The following actions were therefore recommended in these communities: • Introduce various sport and recreation programmes. • Construct additional sports and recreation facilities that are accessible to all members of the community. • Implement health and wellness programmes through sport and recreation. • Train existing staff and new personnel in sports and recreation activities. Unfortunately, the Botswana assessment did not provide information on the impact of these recommendations on levels of participation in the three surveyed communities. However, there are still relevant applications for the SRA. The Botswana case study is relevant to the City of Cape Town because it: • Highlights reasons for low participation levels in sports and recreation in another African country. • Provides possible solutions to these low levels of participation. • Demonstrates the importance of impact assessments to measure whether research recommendations have positive results. FIGURE 13: BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN SINGAPORE (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) pursuits such as watching television, spending time on the computer and driving cars, rather than activities requiring human power.15 A year later, the SSC reported that on average only 38% of Singaporeans participated in sports. To increase the levels of participation, the Sports Council committed itself to: • Understanding the link between lifestyle choices and sports participation. • Customising sports awareness programmes for different segments in order to expand their reach. • Implementing sport programmes specifically for women, children, youth and working adults. As a result of these initiatives, the National Sports Participation Survey in 2005 showed a marked improvement in participation levels, with an average of almost 50% of all Singaporeans doing some form of sports each week. 22 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 23 However, the percentage of female involvement was still lower than that of males, with about 42% of all women in Singapore participating in some kind of sports once a week, in contrast to 55% of men.16 Despite the improvement between 2001 and 2005, the participation rates reflect the hard reality for most women with children. According to the study, women remain the traditional caregiver in most families in Singapore, which limits the time they can spend engaging in sport and recreation. The Singapore case study is relevant to the City of Cape Town because it: • Shows the need to look at both male and female participation in sports. • Quantifies the impact that sport and recreation interventions can have on national levels of participation. • Highlights societal gender roles and the impact these have on participation levels. FIGURE 15: SOCCER FIELD IN IRELAND (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) Teenspace was aimed at young people between the ages of 12 and 18, and provided a strategic framework for the promotion of better recreational opportunities for this age group. Teenspace was developed with input from various government departments and agencies, all of which would play a crucial role in the delivery of the policy. A strong emphasis was placed on youth work in Dublin, specifically with teenage girls, as Teenspace aimed to identify the motivators and barriers to participation in physical activity. It was found that a significant reason why young people cease to participate in youth work (particularly as they get older) was the absence of opportunities to participate in decision-making. To address the teens’ desires for more involvement in decision-making, the North West Health Board, in collaboration with the Donegal Sports Partnership and Sligo Sport and Recreation Partnership, worked with 19 schools to promote active involvement in decisionmaking for girls in programmes promoting participation in physical activities. The girls were involved in the following ways: • Consulting with other students on the choices of activities to be offered. • Recruiting the providers of programmes, such as yoga, dance and swimming. FIGURE 14: TRACK IN SINGAPORE (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) • Promoting the programmes in their schools. CASE STUDY 3: IRELAND Due to serious concerns regarding the physical activity levels of young people in Ireland, the Minister for Health and Children published the National Recreation Policy for Young People in 2007 with the aim to promote better recreational opportunities for young people between 12 years and 18 years.17 This was followed by the development of the National Children’s Strategy, also called “Teenspace.” • Becoming active participants in reviewing the activities. It is notable that the action points were focussed on the grassroots development of physical activities with the aim of sustainability through the involvement of the beneficiaries. Unfortunately, the government departments that were involved have not published information on the impact of these actions on the levels of participation of girls in physical activities. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 23 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 24 This Ireland case study is relevant to the City of Cape Town because it: • Provides recommendations on ways to increase levels of participation among young people, with an emphasis on teen girls. • Suggests a possible approach that aims to ensure sustainability in the participation levels of young people in physical activities, through partnerships with schools and the active involvement of young people in decision making. • Recommends a cooperative strategy between various government departments and agencies, all of which play an important role in the delivery of programmes. CASE STUDY 4: WALES Unlike the other case studies, the county of Ceredigion in Wales reports satisfactory participation levels in sport, recreation and leisure, yet still highlights Council objectives for maintaining and increasing levels of participation.x The Ceredigion County Council developed the Strategy for Sport and Leisure 2006-2010 with the aim of ensuring the continued provision of high quality, effective and efficient recreation, sport and leisure within Ceredigion.18 This strategy thus provides the basis for planned policies, objectives and actions for a five year period. In increasing participation within Ceredigion, the Ceredigion County Council Recreation services implemented specific objectives. Amongst others, these objectives included: • Encouraging the development of a wide and varied range of sport, recreation and leisure activities that targets all sectors of the community and is affordable and accessible. • Providing suitable levels of sport, recreation and leisure training and encouraging the development of talented sports people. • Developing talented junior sports people and ensuring the development of coaches, as well as encouraging the support of volunteers in sports and recreation. • Encouraging more participation by women and girls, as well as people with disabilities, in sports and recreation. • Improving current facilities and developing new ones that are needed by, and attractive to, all members of the community. • Promoting physical activity that is not facility-based such as walking, cycling and other outdoor activities. • Marketing and promoting Ceredigion Council provisions through working partnerships. Although the Ceredigion County Council has published its Physical Activity Plan 2007-2011, it does not provide any information on the impact of the above objectives on the participation of the community in sport, recreation and leisure within Ceredigion. However, it is notable that they have continued to be pro-active even after reaching satisfactory levels of participation. This Wales case study is relevant to the City of Cape Town because it: • Provides objectives that aim to maintain and ensure participation levels among a range of target groups. • Highlights the need for developing working partnerships to increase the opportunities for residents to participate in active sport, recreation and leisure activities. FIGURE 16: KAYAKING IN WALES (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) x. Unfortunately, they did not provide specific statistics, but note that their benchmark is to increase participation by 1% every year. 24 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 25 FIGURE 19: LE PETIT TENNIS 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) The South African Context 4 The following chapter explores policies and previous research in the area of sport and recreation in South Africa. 4.1 NATIONAL TRENDS IN SPORT AND RECREATION 4.1.1 National preferences and barriers influencing participation In June 2008, the HSRC assessed participation levels among South Africans in sport and recreation activities.19 More than half of the South Africans that participated in the national survey (58%) said that they never engage in physical activities.XI The HSRC results show that the favourite leisure activities of the majority of South Africans are listening to music, watching TV, DVDs or videos and socialising with friends.23 The results showed that younger people in South Africa are more likely to participate in sport than older people – the 18 to 34 year-old age group is three times more likely to participate in sport than the 35 to 54 year-old age group.24 Furthermore, males are three times more likely to participate in sport than women. Only 15.5% said they participate in physical activities several times a week. This is very low compared to Australia where 66% of residents (aged 15 years and older) participated in some form of sport or physical recreation more than twice each week in 2005/2006,20 Singapore where 50% of residents were participating in sport every week in 2005 (see earlier case study) 21 and Botswana where up to 47.4% of residents in some communities participate in non-competitive sport and recreation.22 Racial segregation, according to the HSRC study, still plays a dominant role in sport participation. The survey results suggest that white South Africans are three times more likely to participate in sport than coloured people, and twice as likely as black and Indian residents.25 In contrast, 72% of coloured respondents reported that they never participate in any kind of physical activity. xi. The survey was conducted among 2 907 respondents 16 years and older and is representative of households in South Africa. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 25 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 26 4.1.2 National policies and legislation To further understand the reasons why participation levels are low in South Africa, one must turn to national policies and legislation. There are numerous South African policies and legislation related to sport and recreation, but few appear to actually focus on recreation itself. Some of the national policies and legislation that were reviewed include: FIGURE 17: YOUTH WATCHING TV (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) With regard to socio-economic status (SES), the more affluent tend to participate in sport more often than those with lower incomes. Participation in physical activities seems to increase dramatically once personal income levels exceed R3 001, but drop again for those that earn more than R10 000 per month.26 When asked about the value of sport and its role in society, about nine out of ten people agreed that sport develops children’s character, and just over 85% indicated that they thought that sport brings different groups and races in South Africa together.27 However, respondents identified the following problems, which contribute to low levels of participation: • Lack of infrastructure and enough funding to meet the financial demands of organised sport. • Limited time during the day to participate in sport. • Health problems which inhibit people from participating in sport. The HSRC therefore suggested that in order to increase participation in sport among South Africans, there needs to be: • A shift in emphasis to sport that requires minimum financial outlay and infrastructure which could lead to an increase in participation. • A focus on the activity, rather than the facilities or lack thereof, to increase possibilities for participation at school level.28 26 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY • The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. • National Sport and Recreation Act of 1998. • National Department of Sport and Recreation White Paper of 1998. • National Sport and Recreation Strategic Plan 2009-2013. • Youth Fitness and Wellness Charter. Generally, these documents express support for sport and recreation in the following ways: • Articulating the right of children and women to recreation and physical activity. • Noting the need for sport and recreation facilities and activities to be accessible to communities. • Promoting partnerships with stakeholders in developing strategies related to the provision of sport and recreation. • Supporting the physical, social and emotional development of children and youth through sport and recreation. Few policies appear to discuss recreation in terms of specific ways to increase participation levels across different age groups. Yet the National Sport and Recreation Act (1998) and the National Sport and Recreation Strategic Plan (2009-2013) do talk about broadening the participation base of sports and recreation generally in South Africa. The Strategic Plan places emphasis on providing national support and strategic action to increase the number of participants in sport and recreation in South Africa.29 It suggests that this should be done through: • Community Mass Participation: Aimed at coordinating and building capacity in mass participation programmes in identified hubs, schools and communities; promoting special 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 27 projects focused on HIV and AIDS; promoting the participation of women, disabled participants and senior citizens in sport and recreation. • School Sport: Aimed at coordinating, supporting, funding, monitoring and reporting on mass based school sporting activities and national school sport competitions. The objectives of these measures are to: • Improve delivery of the mass participation programme in provinces by monitoring and supporting all provincial departments in the delivery of their mass sport and recreation activities. • Increase the number of participants in sport and recreation by 20% by hosting more festivals, social mobilisation programmes and sport tournaments in 2009/2010.30 Although the new Strategic Plan (2010-2014) presented to the Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation continues to focus on mass participation, it tries to narrow the gap between mass participation and high performance programmes. Its goal is to develop a transformed society by strengthening its relationship with the Department of Basic Education in the delivery of school sports programmes.31 4.2.1 Provincial initiatives In a speech on 26 March 2010, Sakkie Jenner, the Western Cape Minister of Cultural Affairs, Sport and Recreation, stated that sport and recreation provide an alternative to the social issues that plague many communities in the Western Cape. School sport is therefore critical in providing access to sport for as many young people as possible.34 The Minister further stated that, during 2010/2011, two mass participation centres will be established in each of the 49 Western Cape Education Department and School Sports Circuits, which will provide a total of 98 School Sport-based mass participation centres.35 The main purpose of these mass participation and high performance centres will be to: • Create access and opportunity with regard to afterschool hours sport and recreation activities for all school going learners. • Develop the skills and capacity of potential athletes at a very young age. • Use these platforms to instill social awareness messages (e.g. anti-crime, anti-drug, and HIV and AIDS message). Prior to this, the Directorate: School Sport had been established within the Chief Directorate: Mass Participation to promote the role of School Sport in recreation.32 This Directorate consists of Competitive School Sport and Mass Participation in School Sport programmes. It reaches about 1 600 schools nationally and focuses on capacity-building, providing sports equipment for use at events and sustaining the programme by supporting local sports assistants and local leagues and providing logistical support.33 4.2 RECREATION INITIATIVES AND POLICIES IN THE WESTERN CAPE Current participation statistics are not readily available at a provincial level for the Western Cape. However, a review of recent initiatives and policies helps paint a picture of the structures that influence the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities in Cape Town. FIGURE 18: MUIZENBERG BEACH DISABLED BEACH WHEELCHAIR LAUNCH 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 27 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 28 Previously, Mass Participation Programmes (MPP) were launched in 2005 to facilitate access to sport and recreation for as many South Africans as possible, especially those from historically disadvantaged communities. In the Western Cape, it is driven by 45 hubs, which are spread across the province.36 The highlight of these programmes is the June/July Winter Indigenous Games and the Summer Games which take place during the December holidays. The Siyadladla Mass Participation Programme (SMPP) has been particularly successful and is known as the cradle of community sport in South Africa.37 4.2.2 Provincial policies Similar to the national policies mentioned in the previous pages, there are some provincial policies relating to sports and recreation, but few that focus on recreation itself. These provincial documents include: • Constitution of the Western Cape of 1998. • Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport (DCAS), Strategic Plan 2005/06-2009/10. • Memorandum of Agreement for School Sport. These documents make specific reference to providing sport and recreation for children. The Constitution of the Western Cape (1998) clearly states that the Western Cape government should protect and promote the interest of children in the Western Cape, in particular with regards to: a) Health services; b) Education; c) Welfare services; d) Recreation and amenities, and e) Sport.38 The DCAS states that the role of the Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation in the Western Cape is to ensure that the promotion of sport and recreation in the Western Cape is consistent with the guidelines outlined by national and provincial policies. Beyond this role, the DCAS does not appear to provide any indication of how recreation should be promoted on a provincial level. • Assisting with the development of educators with regard to School Sport-related opportunities. The Memorandum also says that the DCAS should assist with the promotion and organisation of mass participation events and/or activities in and for schools, upon request. Similarly, the WCED should create a safe and secure environment for mass participation in school sport activities. 4.3 SPORT AND RECREATION IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN As with provincial statistics, current levels of participation in Cape Town are not readily available. However, a socio-economic survey was conducted in 2005 in the areas of Mitchell’s Plain and Khayelitsha, which revealed that 72% of the respondents in Khayelitsha felt that recreational facilities are the least accessible facility in their community. In Mitchell’s Plain, 19% of the respondents rated recreational facilities in their community as dissatisfactory.39 4.3.1 City policies Similar to the national and provincial policies on sport and recreation, few City policies appear to discuss recreation on its own or how to increase participation levels specifically. However, the City of Cape Town’s Sport and Recreation Policy views sport and recreation as a “vital developmental tool to maximise social development through the provision of facilities and programmes.” It aims to use sport and recreation to help address the social needs of all members of society, especially that of youth, women, children, the disabled and other marginalised groups within communities.”40 In the Memorandum of Agreement for School Sport, it states that there should be cooperation between the DCAS and schools in the following ways: • Establishing a working relationship in order to promote and enhance school sport in the Western Cape Province. • Creating an environment for mass participation and good governance. • Developing and supporting young talent through the provision of high performance services. 28 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY FIGURE 19: KIDDIE RACE AT RECREATION FEST IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 29 4.3.2 City satisfaction levels To contextualise the results of the Recreation Survey for the City of Cape Town, the following section briefly reports on the results of the City’s annual Community Satisfaction Survey. Conducted each year with Cape Town residents and businesses, the satisfaction survey aims to assess levels of satisfaction with services supplied by the City of Cape Town and the effectiveness of City interventions.42 As can be seen in Table 9, overall satisfaction levels appear to have risen over the past three years. TABLE 9: SATISFACTION LEVELS WITH THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 Satisfied with City’s performance 50% 54% 57% Satisfied with City’s fulfillment of its role as public service provider 46% 54% 57% Trust the City of Cape Town 50% 61% 66% SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010 FIGURE 20: KHAYELITSHA COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE (SOURCE: SRA) The Sport and Recreation Policy notes that the aim of the City’s Sport and Recreation programmes is to “develop, promote and provide sport and recreation programmes in accordance with the strategic objectives of the city.”41 However, minimal attention is awarded to recreation in the City’s strategic plans. For example, in the ‘5 Year Plan for Cape Town: Integrated Development Plan (IDP 2007/08-2011/12),’ sport and recreation is only briefly discussed in Strategic Focus Area 7: Health, Social and Community Development. It states that community amenities and facilities should be used to prevent anti-social behaviour, with the City maintaining community facilities to provide equitable, easy access. In addition to promoting recreational programmes, the Sport and Recreation Policy states the following additional objectives: The 2009/10 report noted that essential services (water, refuse collection, sanitation, roads and lighting) are an area of strength for the City, except in the area of affordability of electricity. Community services (which include recreation facilities) have remained unchanged or only shown small improvements. According to the report, “These services do not have a large impact on how residents rate the City overall.”43 However, the results of the Recreation Study, discussed in the findings section of this report, suggest that these services do impact significantly on the quality of life of Cape Town residents and their perceptions of the City. Table 10 (on the next page) shows the relative scores of various services (with 2 being low and 3 and above being high). Services that scored a 2.5 or lower in 2009/10 are highlighted in yellow in the table. Services that fall under the Department of Sport and Recreation are highlighted in orange. • To provide and manage facilities which promote equitable access in a sustainable manner. • To optimise sport and recreation as a developmental tool towards the social well-being of the city. • To coordinate contribution of sport and recreation to a major event strategy for the City of Cape Town. FIGURE 21: HIV/AIDS AWARENESS (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 29 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 30 4.4 DEPARTMENT OF SPORT, RECREATION AND AMENITIES TABLE 10: COMPARISON OF SATISFACTION WITH CITY SERVICES 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 Water provision 3.3 3.3 3.4 Electricity Sewerage/ sanitation 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 Refuse collection 3.0 3.1 3.2 Storm water Street lights 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 Roads 2.3 2.4 2.5 Libraries 3.3 3.3 3.3 Recreation and community centres 3.0 2.9 3.0 Civic halls 3.0 3.0 3.0 Parks 2.3 2.3 2.4 Beaches 2.9 2.8 2.9 Stadiums 2.9 2.9 3.0 Swimming pools 2.8 2.7 2.8 Cemeteries 2.7 2.7 2.9 Sports fields 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 Essential Services Community facilities Law enforcement Law enforcement Environment and Conservation 3.0 Nature reserves Environment 2.8 2.8 Cleanliness of urban environment 2.7 2.6 Tourism 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6 Fire and Emergency Services Fire and Emergency Health Services Health Housing Housing Town Planning and Building Development Town Planning and Building Development 2.6 2.5 2.5 Public Transport Public Transport 2.7 2.7 2.9 SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010 As can be seen in the table, housing is ranked worst of all the services, followed by parks, roads, health services and town planning/ building development. Of the facilities and services that fall under the Department of Sport and Recreation, stadiums are the only ones perceived to have improved since the survey was first conducted in 2007. 30 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY To meet the objectives outlined earlier, the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities is situated within the overarching framework of social development, alongside parks and libraries. Its vision is to enhance the quality of life of communities through the provision of world-class facilities and programmes, contributing to Cape Town being recognised as a “world-class sport and recreation destination.”44 The Department provides opportunities for community involvement and shared management of resources. It contributes to building the nation, and strives to have a positive impact on the general fibre of society through:45 • • • • Effective service delivery in communities. Management of sport and recreation facilities. Sport and recreation programmes. Partnerships with stakeholders who play a role in sport and recreation. In the Departmental Business Plan 2010/2011, the following were highlighted as core functions within SRA: • Facilities Management and Maintenance: This includes water based amenities; public amenities; halls; stadia. • Development Programmes: This includes the mobile Come and Play units with core permanent staff utilising a significant amount of volunteers; permanent staff at Community Recreation Centres and Indoor Sports Centres; the provision of grassroots community outreach sports development programmes. • Partnership Management: This includes facilitation of outside service organisations using facilities, for example, sports federations implementing grassroots development at facilities; financial assistance (that is, Service Level Agreements - SLAs) . • Community Based Events: This includes support and coordination. • Volunteer Programmes: This involves volunteer development and deployment. • Major Events: This includes event coordination and support. 3. CCT Report-2>4 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 1:00 AM Page 31 These core functions are carried out by SRA district mangers, area managers, facility officers, recreation officers and play leaders. Key duties of district managers and area managers include, amongst others: strategy, planning and policy development, performance and personnel management, financial management, resource management and control, operations and service delivery and stakeholder engagement. The main duties of facility officers, recreation officers and play leaders are: • Implementing sport and recreation events/projects/programmes. FIGURE 22: ATLANTIS COACHING CLINIC (SOURCE: SRA) • Communicating with line managers, internal and external clients. • Provide facilities and programmes in those areas and communities where the private sector does not provide. • General administration. • Marketing of sport and recreation events/programmes. • Meet its constitutional obligation in the provision of Sport and Recreation. The duties of facility officers, recreation officers and play leaders are compared in Table 11, based on their job descriptions. TABLE 11: COMPARISON OF RESPONSIBILITY OF FACILITY OFFICERS, RECREATION OFFICERS AND PLAY LEADERS Duties/ Tasks Facility officers As a provider, the SRA aims to: Rec officers Play leaders • Make strategic investment decisions for Sport and Recreation that will impact positively on society as a whole.47 The subsequent chapters will explore the extent to which the SRA is meeting these objectives in the eyes of the residents of Cape Town and the ways in which it can further meet their needs. Operations Communication Administration Marketing Professional functions SOURCE: CITY OF CAPE TOWN, 2010 Through these roles and responsibilities, the SRA aims to play the dual role of facilitator and provider. As a facilitator, it aims to: • Create a conducive environment for the development of sport and recreation in the City. • Ensure coordination of support services. • Assist the informal sector in becoming formalised.46 FIGURE 23: VELOKHAYA BMX HERITAGE DAY CUP (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 31 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 32 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 5 Profile of Respondents, Households and Communities The following chapter introduces the baseline findings from the survey with a description of the respondents, households and communities represented in this study. 5.1 DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS As can be seen in Table 12, the demographics of the respondents roughly mirror the composition of adult residents, over the age of 16, in households in Cape Town. There are slightly more female residents than males in Cape Town and more coloured residents than black, white or Asian/Indian residents. Due to the fact that most white residents in Cape Town stay in upper income areas, the proportion of white respondents was slightly lower than actual population figures due to the weighting of the data toward lower income areas.xii The age categories above are the ones used by the SRA to TABLE 12: RESPONDENT PROFILE Gender Race Age Female Male 56.3% 43.7% Coloured Black White 51.9% 33.3% 13.3% Youth (16-25) Adult (26-59) Seniors (60+) 24.8% 61.9% 13.2% Asian/ Indian 1.5% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 plan their programmes.xiii The three groupings will be used in the report to make comparisons across age groups. xii. In 2007, the population of Cape Town was composed of approximately 51.6% females and 48.4% males. Black Africans made up 34.9% of the population; coloured (44.0%); Asian/Indian (1.8%) and white (19.3%) (City of Cape Town Community Survey, 2007). xiii. The SRA also includes 13-15 year olds in the ‘youth’ category. They were not included in this survey due to consent concerns. 32 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 33 5.1.1 Employment FIGURE 26: OCCUPATIONAL ROLES OF RESPONDENTS In terms of employment status, more than a third of the respondents are unemployed, while just over a fourth of the respondents are employed full time (see Figure 24).xiv 35% 29.7% 30% Of those who reported that they are employed, approximately a third work in service level positions and just over a tenth are self-employed (see Figure 26). Approximately 20% said they are in management or professional roles. 25% 20% FIGURE 24: EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF RESPONDENTS 15.6% 34.8% Employed-Full time 27.5% Retired/Pensioner 11.4% 7.6% Student Self-employed 6.5% Housewife 5.9% Employed-Part time 5.7% Prefer not to answer 0.3% Informally employed 0.2% Other 0.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.2% 9.8% 9.2% 10% 8.4% 7.0% 4.4% 5% 2.6% 1.1% 1.1% 0% Other Skilled agricultural or fishery Plant and machine operator Senior official or manager Craft and related trades worker Clerk Associate professional Elementary occupation Self-employed Professional Service or shop worker Unemployed PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS 15% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 27: EDUCATION LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS Post Graduate... University... Certificate/Diploma 1.7% 5.3% 6.0% Grade 12 (Matric) FIGURE 25: EMPLOYMENT (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) 5.1.2 Education 38.5% Grade 8 to Grade 11 14.3% Grade 4 to Grade 7 Up to Grade 3 In terms of educational achievement (see Figure 27), almost a third of the respondents have completed up to matric, while 13% have gone on to achieve some form of university degree or certificate. However, almost 20% of the respondents have not moved beyond Grade 7. 29.0% None 4.1% 1.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 xiv. The unemployment figure is again slightly higher than the 2007 figure of 24.5% due to the survey’s weighting toward lower income areas (Community Survey, 2007) xv. Statistics South Africa defines a disability as “a physical or mental handicap which has lasted for six months or more, or is expected to last at least six months, which prevents the person from carrying out daily activities independently, or from participating fully in educational, economic or social activities” (Community Survey, 2007). RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 33 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 34 5.1.3 Disability 5.1.5 Responsibility for children Due to the significant role that disabilities play in a person’s ability to participate in recreation and sport, the respondents were asked if they have any form of disability. One in twenty respondents (5.3%) said that they have a disability.xv Approximately 27% of the respondents said that they look after children or grandchildren. These respondents were asked to provide insights into the behaviours and attitudes of Cape Town children with regard to sport and recreation (to be discussed in Chapter 6). The most common types of disabilities mentioned were: 5.2 DESCRIPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS • Physical (55.2%); • Communication (17.5%); • Hearing (11.1%). The survey findings suggest that households in Cape Town are comprised of an average of 3.9 household members, of which 2.8 are adults and 1.1 are children.xvi An additional 12.7% of the respondents noted they consider their chronic illnesses (such as back problems, diabetes, epilepsy and heart problems) to be disabilities. 5.1.4 Health As can be seen in Figure 28, more than 60% of the respondents (three out of every five) rated their health as good or very good. Only 6% rated their health as poor or very poor. Another third rated their health as average. 5.2.1 Household income More than 50% of the households chose not to provide their average combined monthly take-home income (see Figure 29). Looking at those that did respond, a third reported taking home less than R5 000 per month. Only 7% reported bringing home more than R10 000 a month. FIGURE 29: AVERAGE MONTHLY TAKE HOME INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS FIGURE 28: RESPONDENTS’ RATINGS FOR PERSONAL HEALTH 56.1% Prefer no answer 50% 0.4% 0.8% 2.2% R15 001 to R20 000 38.9% 40% 33.7% 30% 21.3% 20% R10 001 to R15 000 3.6% R5 001 to R10 000 R4 001 to R5 000 3.8% 2.6% R3 001 to R4 000 2.7% 5.2% R2 001 to R3 000 10% R1 000 to R2 000 5.1% 0.9% 11.7% 8.8% Under R1 000 0% Very good Good Average Poor Zero Very poor PECENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS More than R25 000 R20 001 to R25 000 2.1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 5.2.2 Access to transport It is important to keep in mind that these ratings indicate perceptions of health, rather than a measurement of the actual health of Cape Town residents. In terms of access to transport, more than half of all households (52.5%) use a taxi most frequently, while only 36.8% have access to a personal motor vehicle (see xvi. In 2007, the average household size was 3.9 people (Community Survey, 2007). 34 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 35 FIGURE 30: MOST COMMON FORM OF TRANSPORTATION 52.5% Taxi Motor vehicle 36.8% Bus 16.9% 13.2% Train Walk 3.9% Car pool 2.0% Bicycle 1.3% Motorcycle .5% Other .2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Figure 30). This has significant implications for accessing recreational facilities and will be discussed in more detail further on in the report. Many residents raised the issue of transportation in the focus groups and survey, also in terms of how it links to the issue of safety. FIGURE 32: MOST COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS Robbery Poverty Drug abuse Violence Crime at schools Alcohol abuse Gangs Poor service delivery Family abuse Rain damage/floods Corruption Shortage of schools Service protests Fire Political unrest Other 70.5% 60.2% 58.4% 57.2% 52.4% 51.1% 40.7% 33.4% 26.3% 25.1% 21.1% 20.8% 18.5% 17.8% 16.4% 1.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 5.3.2 Perceptions of services When asked which service they would rate worst in their community (not including housing since this was consistently rated poorly in the City’s Community Satisfaction Survey), one in four households rated recreational programmes and facilities as the worst (see Figure 33).xvii FIGURE 33: PERCEPTIONS OF WORST SERVICE IN COMMUNITY FIGURE 31: TAXI RANK IN CAPE TOWN (SOURCE: STOCK WEB PHOTO) 5.3 DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITIES The households were asked a few questions about their communities in order to gain a sense of the barriers and opportunities that exist at a community level. 5.3.1 Social problems As can be seen in Figure 32, the three most commonly reported social problems in communities in Cape Town are robbery, poverty and drug abuse. Recreation facilities 26.9% 18.2% 13.7% 10.8% 8.5% 6.3% 5.5% 3.7% 3.4% 3.0% Health services Don’t know Electricity Sanitation Water Public transportation Refuse collection They are all bad Education services 0% 10% 30% 20% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 xvii. It is possible that this response was influenced by the fact that the households knew that the purpose of the survey was to improve recreational programmes and facilities in their community. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 35 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 36 Health services (including hospitals and clinics) were rated the worst service by the second highest percentage of households. This is similar to the findings for the City’s Customer Satisfaction Survey.xviii 5.3.3 Provision of recreation programmes When asked what other organisations provide recreational programmes and activities in their communities, Cape Town residents mentioned schools, churches and sporting clubs most frequently (see Figure 34). Suggestions for specific organisations to partner with are included in the SRA district reports. 40% 39.1% 36.4% 33.6% 30% 17.7% 20% 9.3% 10% NGOs Other Sporting clubs Churches 0% Schools PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS FIGURE 34: OTHER ORGANISATIONS THAT PROVIDE RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE COMMUNITY SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 5.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 FIGURE 35: KARATE DO AFTERNOON SESSION (SOURCE: SRA) • Approximately 5.3% of residents have physical disabilities. However, more than 60% of residents rated themselves as healthy. • More than 50% of households prefer not to provide their average monthly household income. Of those who did respond, a third bring home less than R5 000 a month. To summarise the findings presented in this chapter: • Approximately 52.5% of residents use taxis as their main form of transportation. Only just over a third has access to a car. • The demographics of the respondents in the survey mirror the composition of adult residents, over the age of 16, in Cape Town, with the exception of slightly fewer white respondents. • The most commonly reported social problems in the communities represented by the survey are theft, poverty and drug abuse. All of these have an impact on participation levels. • The population of adults in Cape Town is composed of slightly more females than males, more coloured residents, than black, white or Asian/Indian and more middle-age adults than young adults or seniors. • One in four households rated recreation programmes and facilities as the worst service in their community. • More than a third of the residents are unemployed and approximately 20% have not advanced beyond Grade 7 in terms of schooling. • Schools, churches and sporting clubs were mentioned most frequently as other organisations that provide recreational programmes and activities for communities in Cape Town. xviii. Health and housing were both major areas of concern for residents and received below average scores (CSS Portfolio Committee, 2009). 36 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 37 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) Participation in Sport and Recreation 6 The following chapter provides an overview of adult participation levels in sport and recreation and concludes with an overview of children’s participation levels. In this chapter and the following ones, the key performance indicators (KPIs) will be highlighted in green boxes. A full list of the KPIs can be found in Chapter 12. When stakeholders within the Department of Sport and Recreation were asked for their perspective on participation levels in Cape Town, they made the following comments: • “A lot of people don’t do anything. I see that as an opportunity – there’s a big market out there.”48 • “Most people in the City don’t participate in active, deliberate recreation.”49 • “There is not a culture of participation. Technology and television have taken over.”50 • “Participation is linked to resources. The middle class is more attuned and involved in sport and recreation. Lower class participation is limited.”51 Comments from external stakeholders were a mix of both positive and negative: • “There are big numbers in the Big Walk and the Cycle Tour.”52 • “Capetonians are very involved in recreation, generally. I don’t know how much the facilities are being used though.”53 • “In sport, the interest in quite high.”54 • “It depends on the community.”55 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 37 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 38 • “Participation levels are not as high as they used to be.”56 • “There is a lack of involvement in school sport and this is related to the lack of facilities.”57 6.1 ADULT PARTICIPATION Before looking directly at participation in sport and leisure activities, respondents were asked questions about what they do in their spare time and how often they are physically active. 6.1.1 Activities when bored As can be seen in the table below, the most common leisure activities that adult Capetonians engage in when bored are watching TV, listening to music and socialising. The results in Table 13 (analysed by demographic groups in Appendix 4) confirm the earlier HSRC findings that, in general, South Africans are fairly inactive in their spare time. Only 7.5% of households in Cape Town specifically mentioned engaging in physical activities or sports when they are bored. Even when combined with the percentage of households that regularly walk, garden, jog or do housework in their spare time, the combined proportion is still less than 1 in 4 households (24.6%). Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Participation in physical activities in spare time = 24.6% This means 75.4% of adult residents DO NOT engage in physical activities in their spare time! TABLE 13: ACTIVITIES WHEN BORED Adult leisure activities Watch TV, DVD, videos Total Listen to music 68.4% 57.2% Spend time with friends 30.8% Read books 18.5% Spend time with family or relatives 15.9% Walk 9.4% Go to a place of worship or take part in religious activities 8.7% Take part in physical activities 7.5% Go to the shops 7.2% DIY (Do It Yourself) task Garden 4.2% 3.4% Other 3.3% Sleep 3.3% Watch live sporting events Spend time on the internet or computer 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% Go to the library 2.6% Go to movies 2.4% Attend sporting events Jog or run 2.4% 2.3% Do house work (i.e. cleaning, washing) 2.0% Make handicrafts Play cards or board games 1.9% Go to historical sites 1.5% Participate in the Arts 0.5% 0.4% Drink at a shebeen/bar or go clubbing SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 38 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY When this KPI is compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Women (23.6%) engage in physical activities in their spare time only slightly less than men (26.1%). • Age: Seniors (37.8%) engage in physical activities in their spare time more than young adults (20.0%) and middle age adults (23.1%). • Race: White residents (44.2%) engage in physical activities in their spare time more than black residents (21.1%), coloured residents (18.6%) and Asian/Indian residents (28.4%). • SES Index: More upper income households (29.7%) appear to do physical activities than lower income households (19.5%). The low levels of physical activity were confirmed in the focus groups. Many participants said they don’t do much in their spare time. “I sit on the couch and relax, and sometimes fall asleep,” said one participant.58 According to a younger participant, “There are no facilities to occupy youngsters in their leisure time. What I do, as a youngster, is sit at home, watch some movies and play some games.”59 The lack of options was mentioned as a problem for older residents as well. “The older people have nothing to do,” said one participant.60 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 39 However, despite the general trend of inactivity, some participants described quite active use of their spare time. According to one participant, “I do a lot of things in our community. I can take the children for soccer, or rugby, or running.”61 According to another participant, “I coach netball for a local netball team so I usually occupy myself by going there and also getting a workout myself. I am also part of a choir group and I usually go to choir practice.”62 At first glance, it could thus be assumed that leisure activities are primarily a matter of personal preference. However, as noted in the comment above about a lack of facilities, there are barriers to physical activities beyond just the choice to not participate. These will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 10. Overall, only a few adult residents in Cape Town report being bored all the time. However, 64.1% said they are bored sometimes, which suggests the need for more activities and leisure options in Cape Town. FIGURE 37: PLACES PEOPLE GO WHEN BORED Home Friend’s house Relative’s house Shopping mall Recreational facilities 78.0% 44.5% 18.7% 12.9% 5.9% 4.7% 4.3% Sport field In the street Open space Shebeen or pub Cinema Place of worship Other School 4.2% 3.9% 3.4% 2.6% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.3% Stadium Internet cafe 0% 30% 60% 90% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 36: FREQUENCY OF BOREDOM FOR ADULTS IN CAPE TOWN Only about one third of adult residents are regularly active or very active, i.e. exercising between three and five times a week. A striking 29.8% of adult residents don’t do any physical exercise in an average week. 64.1% 60% 40% 21.5% 20% 5.7% 5.2% 3.5% All the time Often Sometimes Rarely 0% Never PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS 80% 6.1.2 Physical exercise and health SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 When asked where they go when they are bored, the majority of households said they stay at home (see Figure 37). The other most common responses were: a friend’s house (44.5%), a relative’s house (18.7%) or a shopping mall (12.9%). As seen in the graph , only 5.9% of adult household members said they go to a recreational facility when they are bored and only 4.2% said they would make use of Cape Town’s open spaces. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Regularly engage in physical activity = 36.9% This means 63.1% of adult residents DO NOT engage in physical exercise regularly in an average week. FIGURE 38: LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/EXERCISE IN AN AVERAGE WEEK Very active 12.9% Regularly active 24.0% Occasionally active 33.2% Not active at all 29.8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 39 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 40 When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: More men (41.5%) than women (33.3%) regularly engage in physical exercise. • Age: Slightly more young adults (41.3%) regularly engage in physical exercise than middle age adults (35.9%) or seniors (35.4%). • Race: More white (46.1%) and Asian/Indian residents (51.1%) engage in regular physical exercise than coloured (36.3%) or black (31.7%) residents. • SES Index: More upper income households (41.6%) engage in regular physical exercise than lower income households (32.2%). As discussed in the previous chapter, a combined percentage of more than 60% of the respondents (three out of every five) rated their health as good or very good. Only 6.0% rated their health as poor or very poor. Additionally, a third rated their health as average. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Rate self as healthy = 60.2% Many more residents rate themselves as healthy compared to those that regularly engage in physical activity. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Only slightly more men (61.6%) rate themselves as healthy compared to women (59.2%). • Age: Significantly more young adults (80.1%) rate themselves as healthy compared to middle-age adults (58.2%) and seniors (32.4%). • Race: Asian/Indian residents (83.4%) rate themselves healthier than black residents (72.8%), white residents (66.7%) and coloured residents (49.9%). • SES Index: Interestingly, there was very little difference in the health ratings for upper income households (59.9%) and lower income households (60.5%). Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Belong to a gym = 10.5% This means that 89.5% of adult residents DO NOT belong to a gym. FIGURE 39: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE A GYM MEMBERSHIP Yes 10.5% No 89.5% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: More men (12.7%) belong to a gym than women (10.9%). • Age: Twice as many young adults (12.6%) and middle-age adults (10.9%) belong to a gym than seniors (5.6%). • Race: Significantly more white residents (22.7%) belong to a gym than Asian/Indian (15.0%), black (12.4%) and coloured (3.6%) residents. • SES Index: More upper income households (12.8%) belong to a gym than lower income households (8.0%). 6.1.4 Membership to sports clubs and teams Even fewer Cape Town residents belong to sports clubs or teams than those that belong to gyms. As can be seen in Figure 40, less than one in ten households (7.6%) belong to a sports club or team. 6.1.3 Gym memberships Only one in ten households have a gym membership, as can be seen in Figure 39. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Belong to a sport club or team = 7.6% This means that 92.4% of adult residents DO NOT belong to a sports club or team. 40 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 41 FIGURE 40: PERCENTAGE OF RESIDENTS THAT BELONG TO A SPORTS CLUB OR TEAM FIGURE 42: SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAMS THAT RESIDENTS BELONG TO Soccer Yes 7.6% No 92.4% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Almost twice as many men (10.2%) belong to a sports club or team than women (5.4%). • Age: Young adults (15.0%) are much more involved with sports clubs and teams than middleage adults (6.2%) and seniors (2.7%). • Race: Significantly more black residents (11.8%) belong to sports clubs and teams than white (6.9%), coloured (4.9%) or Asian/Indian (3.4%) residents. • SES Index: Lower income households (9.7%) are more likely to belong to a sports club or team than upper income households (5.5%). As can be seen in Figure 42, soccer, netball, cricket and rugby teams and clubs currently have the most memberships. 47.8% Netball 15.8% Cricket 13.7% Rugby 13.5% Aerobics/fitness 9.1% Dancing 8.5% Martial art/karate 7.9% Walking 7.4% Running Basketball 5.4% 4.2% Swimming 4.1% Other 3.7% 3.0% Tennis Golf 2.9% Boxing 2.9% Sailing 2.2% Snooker/pool 2.1% Horse riding 2.1% Badminton 2.1% Aquarobics 2.1% Surf sports 1.9% Fishing 1.9% Gymnastics 1.9% Canoeing/kayaking 1.2% Atheletics/track 1.2% Softball 1.1% Rowing 1.0% Cycling 1.0% Scuba diving 1.0% Weight training 1.0% Darts .9% Volleyball .4% Table tennis .4% Squash/racquetball .4% 0% 20% 40% 60% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 6.1.5 General participation in sport and recreation activities Table 25 on Page 46 provides a detailed breakdown of participation levels in the most common sport and recreation activities in Cape Town. Overall, only 27.1% FIGURE 41: LIPTON CHALLENGE 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 41 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 42 of households indicated that they participate in the most common sport and recreation activities (see list on Page 46). 6.1.6 Most common sport and recreation activities The top ten sport and recreation activities with the highest participation levels are: Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Participate in existing sport and recreation activities = 27.1% This means that 72.9% of adult residents DO NOT participate in sport and recreation activities. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Significantly more men (34.2%) participate in sport and recreation activities than women (21.3%). • Age: More young adults (35.6%) participate in sport and recreation than middle-age adults (25.5%) and seniors (22.2%). • Race: More white residents (37.8%) participate in sport and recreation than black (27.5%), Asian/Indian (25.1%) and coloured (22.4%) residents. • SES Index: Significantly more upper income residents (31.8%) participate in sport and recreation than lower income residents (22.3%). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Soccer (7.4%) Walking (5.6%) Aerobics/fitness (4.4%) Netball (3.1%) Running (2.4%) Rugby (2.0%) Snooker/pool (2.0%) Weight lifting (1.8%) Cricket (1.7%) Swimming (1.2%); Martial arts (1.2%); Athletics – track and field (1.2%) The following tables provide a breakdown of the top ten activities by demographic groups, compared to the top ten club or team memberships for each group. FIGURE 43: THE CONIFERS STREET SOCCER (SOURCE: SRA) FIGURE 44: DISCOVERY BIG WALK 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) 42 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 43 6.1.6.1 Gender comparison 6.1.6.2 Age comparison As can be seen in the tables below, activities and memberships differ significantly between men and women in Cape Town. While activities and memberships between young adults and middle-age adults do not differ drastically, they are significantly different from activities and memberships of seniors. TABLE 16: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR YOUNG ADULTS TABLE 14: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR WOMEN # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 activities for women Walking Netball Aerobics/fitness Running Soccer Snooker/pool Dancing Athletics/track & field Swimming Gymnastics # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Women’s membership to clubs and teams Netball Soccer Aerobics/fitness Dancing Martial arts/karate Rugby Walking Running Cricket Tennis # Top 10 activities for young adults (16-25 years old): # Young adult’s membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Rugby Walking Cricket Snooker/pool Running Aerobics/fitness Athletics/track & field Cycling 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Cricket Rugby Dancing Running Basketball Martial arts/karate Aerobics/fitness Boxing SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 15: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR MEN # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 activities for men Soccer Aerobics/fitness Walking Rugby Cricket Weight training Snooker/pool Running Martial arts/karate Golf TABLE 17: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR MIDDLE-AGE ADULTS # Men’s membership to clubs and teams # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Cricket Rugby Golf Basketball Aerobics/fitness Dancing Gymnastics Martial arts/karate Walking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 activities for middle -age adults (26-59 years old): Soccer Aerobics/fitness Walking Running Weight training Netball Snooker/pool Cricket Rugby Swimming # Middle-age adult’s membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Rugby Cricket Aerobics/fitness Martial arts/karate Netball Other Walking Tennis Golf SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 18: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR SENIORS # FIGURE 45: PREMIERS CUP 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 10 activities for seniors (60+ years old): Walking Martial arts/karate Aerobics/fitness Weight lifting Soccer Aquarobics Dancing Darts Fishing Horse riding # Seniors’ membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Aerobics/fitness Dancing Walking Martial arts/karate Swimming Aquarobics Horse riding Boxing Soccer Cricket SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 43 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 44 6.1.6.3 Race comparison TABLE 22: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR ASIAN/INDIAN RESIDENTS There are striking differences between the race groups below, which could still be largely due to the way apartheid used race to define people’s interests, access and activities. TABLE 19: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR BLACK RESIDENTS # Top 10 activities for black residents # Black membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Walking Rugby Aerobics/fitness Weight training Athletics/track & field Cricket Basketball Dancing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Cricket Rugby Dancing Basketball Running Walking Aerobics/fitness Boxing SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 20: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR COLOURED RESIDENTS # Top ten activities for Asian/Indian residents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aerobics/fitness Walking Cycling Dancing Golf Swimming Running # Asian/Idian membership to clubs and teams 1 2 Gymnastics Golf Very few Asian/Indian respondents indicated that they belong to clubs or teams (the two activities listed above were the only ones mentioned) Only 7 activities were mentioned by this group SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 6.1.6.4 SES Index comparison There are differences between the activities and memberships of lower and upper income households, but they are not as extreme as the differences between race groups. TABLE 23: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS # Top ten activities for coloured residents # Coloured membership to clubs and teams # Top ten activities for lower income residents # Lower income membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Walking Snooker/pool Aerobics/fitness Rugby Cricket Netball Running Golf Swimming 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Rugby Cricket Dancing Swimming Snooker/pool Netball Aerobics/fitness Boxing Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Walking Rugby Weight training Snooker/pool Cricket Running Aerobics/fitness Athletics/track & field 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Netball Rugby Cricket Dancing Basketball Running Walking Snooker/pool Aerobics/fitness SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 21: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR WHITE RESIDENTS TABLE 24: TOP TEN ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIP FOR UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS # Top ten activities for white residents # White membership to clubs and teams # Top ten activities for upper income residents # Upper income membership to clubs and teams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Walking Aerobics/fitness Running Martial arts/karate Cycling Swimming Weight training Gymnastics Badminton Boxing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Martial arts/karate Aerobics/fitness Walking Sailing Golf Dancing Swimming Aquarobics Badminton Horse riding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Walking Aerobics/fitness Soccer Running Martial arts/karate Swimming Snooker/pool Gymnastics Cricket Cycling or Rugby 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Soccer Aerobics/fitness Martial arts/karate Cricket Rugby Walking Dancing Swimming Golf Other SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 44 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 45 To summarise differences related to participation levels, a range of observations can be made from Table 25 on the next page. Age: In addition to the gender differences mentioned previously, there are some key differences that can be seen between age groups. For example: Gender: The main difference that can be seen when comparing male and female participation levels is that many more men participate in team sports than women, with the exception of netball. For example: • Young adults (age 16 to 25) appear to be much more active than middle-age adults and seniors in team sports, such as soccer, netball, rugby and cricket, as well as in athletics and snooker/pool. • Middle age adults (age 26 to 59) appear to be slightly more active in home-based or gym-based activities, such as weight training, aerobics and swimming. • Seniors (age 60+) appear to be more involved in lower impact activities such as walking and aquarobics, although a high percentage is also involved in martial arts and aerobics. • 13.2% of men participate in soccer, compared to 2.6% of women; • 3.7% of men participate in rugby, compared to 0.7% of women; • 2.9% of men participate in cricket, compared to 0.7% of women. Women are still more active than men in activities traditionally associated with females. For example: • 6.9% of women participate in walking, compared to 3.9% of men; • 5.1% of women participate in netball, compared to 0.7% of men; • 1.5% of women participate in dancing, compared to 0.4% of men. Race: When it comes to race, the following observations can be made: • Black and coloured residents appear to be more active in team sports like soccer, netball, cricket and rugby. • White, Asian and Indian residents appear more active in individual activities like walking, running, swimming, martial arts, cycling and aerobics, although running and walking appear popular across all groups. SES Index: In terms of socio-economic status, the biggest differences can be seen in the following activities: • Upper income households appear to participate more in aerobics/fitness, martial arts, running and walking. • Lower income households appear to participate more in sports like netball and soccer. There is also a notable difference on more costly activities. For example, some activities only have involvement by upper income households, such as: • Sailing; • Scuba diving; • Surfing. However, the findings again suggest that there are other barriers besides cost. The fact that lower income households are not as involved in activities that are free, like running and walking, suggests that other constraints like safety, accessibility and working hours may be having an impact. FIGURE 46: JIVE BIG WALK (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 45 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 46 TABLE 25: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACTIVITIES (%) Gender Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper Aerobics/fitness 4.4 3.5 5.5 2.6 4.8 5.2 2.5 11.2 2.5 11.6 1.2 7.4 Aquarobics 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.6 Athletics/track and field 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.7 2.0 Badminton 0.0 0.3 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.6 Basketball 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.0 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.4 Snooker/pool 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.9 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.8 0.0 2.1 1.8 Boxing 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.7 Canoeing/kayaking 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 Cricket (indoor or outdoor) 1.7 0.7 2.9 3.2 1.6 0.0 2.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 1.9 1.6 Cycling 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.1 0.4 3.4 0.2 1.6 Dancing Sport/ activities 1.0 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.7 3.4 1.2 0.8 Darts 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.6 Fishing Golf 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.6 Gymnastics 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.8 2.3 1.1 0.9 3.4 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.7 Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 Horse riding 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 Martial arts/ karate 1.0 1.5 1.4 0.1 5.7 0.6 4.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.2 Netball 1.2 3.1 5.1 0.7 8.8 2.0 0.0 6.9 1.2 1.3 0.0 5.0 1.3 Rock climbing 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 Rowing 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 Rugby 2.0 0.7 3.7 4.7 1.5 0.4 2.6 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.4 1.6 Running Sailing 2.4 0.2 2.8 0.3 2.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 2.8 0.3 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 5.9 0.9 1.3 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 3.0 0.3 Scuba diving 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 Soccer (indoor or outdoor) 7.4 2.6 13.2 14.2 6.5 1.6 12.9 0.0 6.8 0.0 11.1 3.8 Softball 0.04 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Squash/racquetball 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.9 1.1 3.4 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.7 Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 Tenpin bowling 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.9 3.9 4.2 3.8 15.1 3.1 12.0 4.5 10.1 3.2 7.9 1.8 1.1 2.7 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.5 2.8 1.0 0.0 2.2 Surf sports Swimming Table tennis Volleyball Walking Weight training 1.4 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Key: F = female; M = male; Y = youth (16-25 years old); Ad = adult (26-59 years old); Sr = seniors (60+ years old); Bl = black; Wh = white; Col = coloured; As/In = Asian/Indian; SES1 = lower income (SES>40); SES2 = upper income (SES <40). 46 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 47 The table below shows the most common locations and time spent on the activities discussed above. These findings are discussed further on the following page. TABLE 26: LOCATION AND TIME SPENT Sport Aerobics/ fitness Location Gym (91.4%); Community facility (5.3%); Home/street (3.3%) (47.4%); Home/street (32.4%); Aquarobics Gym Community facility (20.2%) Avg. hrs per week Sport Location Avg. hrs per week 7.9 HRS Martial arts / karate Gym (57.8%); Community facility (16.6%); Home/street (13.1%); Academy (8.0%); School (4.5%) 2.0 HRS 1.2 HRS Netball Community facility (45.3%); School (34.9%); Home/street (19.9%) 4.6 HRS Rock climbing Gym (84.5%); Home/street (15.5%) 1.1 HRS Rowing Community facility (100%) 4.0 HRS Rugby Community facility (67.0%); School (29.2%); Gym (3.8%) 6.6 HRS Running Home/street (48.3%); Gym (21.2%);Community facility (16.9%); School (13.6%) 4.9 HRS Sailing Sea (100%) 2.0 HRS Scuba diving Community facility (89.5%); Sea (10.5%) 3.2 HRS Soccer (indoor/ outdoor) Community facility (53.4%); Home/street (34.6%); School (7.5%); Gym (3.5%); Open space (1.0%) 4.4 HRS Softball Community facility (100%) 4.0 HRS Athletics/ track and field Community facility (51.8%); Home/ street (19.6%); School (16.9%); Gym (6.4%); Athletics field (5.3%) 3.4 HRS Badminton Community facility (91.9%); Home/street (8.1%) 2.3 HRS Community facility (77.3%); Home street (11.3%); ‘Game shop’ (11.3%) 3.1 HRS Snooker/ pool Club/tavern (39.4%); Community facility (35.0%); Home/street (25.6%) 3.8 HRS Boxing Community facility (46.5%); Gym (39.2%); Home/street (14.3%) 4.4 HRS Canoeing/ kayaking River (58.9%); Community facility (41.1%) 2.8 HRS Cricket (indoor/ outdoor) School (27.6%); Community facility (26.7%); Home/street (26.4%); Club (10.5%); Gym (8.8%) 3.4 HRS Cycling Home/street (83.0%); Gym (17.0%) 3.8 HRS Squash/ Community facility (83.1%); racquetball Social club (16.9%) 2.7 HRS Dancing Home/street (41.7%); Community facility (26.0%); Gym (22.1%); Club/dance school (10.2%) 3.9 HRS Surf sports Mountain/sea (100%) 4.0 HRS Darts Home/street (52.3%); Community facility (47.7%) 4.4 HRS Swimming Home/street (80.4%); Community facility (15.5%); Beach (4.1%) 4.4 HRS Fishing Beach / dam (100%) 7.7 HRS Table tennis Community facility (94.6%); School (5.4%) 2.5 HRS Golf Community facility (59.0%); Golf course (31.2%); Gym (9.8%) 4.0 HRS Tennis (indoor/ outdoor) Community facility (66.9%); School (27.6%); Home/street (5.4%) 5.6 HRS Gymnastics School (41.7%); Gym (36.3%); Community facility (22.0%) 3.0 HRS Volleyball Community facility (77.8%); School (22.2%) 1.5 HRS Hockey (indoor/ outdoor) Community facility (62.6%); School (37.4%) 3.7 HRS Walking Home/street (89.5%); Community facility (9.9%); Shops (0.6%) 3.8 HRS Horse riding Community facility (73.8%); Local stable (26.2%) 1.5 HRS Weight training Gym (78.7%); Home/street (14.7%); Community facility (6.6%) 3.0 HRS Basketball SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 47 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 48 In terms of preferred locations for activities, the following observations can be made: • Gyms appear to be most popular for activities like aerobics, aquarobics, martial arts, rock climbing and weight training. • Community facilities appear to be most popular for sports like athletics/track, badminton, basketball, boxing, golf, netball, rugby, soccer, squash, tennis and volleyball. • Schools do not appear to be frequently used by adult residents for sports or recreation, with the exception of cricket and gymnastics. • Home or street appears to be the preferred location for activities like cycling, dancing, darts, running, swimming and walking. • Open spaces, like rivers, beaches, dams and the sea, are the preferred locations for canoeing/kayaking, fishing, sailing and surf sports. Although they may not be the most popular activities overall, participants appear to spend more time if they are involved in: • Aerobics/fitness – an average of 7.9 hours per week. • Rugby – an average of 6.6 hours per week. • Tennis – an average of 5.6 hours per week. 6.2 CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION Children’s leisure activities Total Watch TV, DVD, videos 66.2% Listen to music 44.3% Spend time with friends 39.9% Take part in physical activities 26.3% Read books/ newspapers/ magazines 18.5% Walk 11.7% Go to movies 9.9% Spend time with relatives 8.9% Jog or run 6.4% Go to a place of worship or participate in religious activities 5.8% Sleep 5.2% Watch live sporting events 4.2% Go to the library 4.1% Spend time on internet or computer 4.1% Play cards or board games 4.0% Attend sporting events 2.8% Go to the shops 2.4% DIY (Do It Yourself) task 1.8% Participate in the Arts 1.0% Garden 0.9% Make handicrafts 0.8% Do house work (i.e. cleaning, washing) 0.6% Go to historical sites 0.1% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 To gain a sense of children’s preferred activities and participation levels, their caretakers were asked to answer a series of questions. Below are the results. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Children’s participation in physical activities in their spare time = 45.9% 6.2.1 Activities when bored This means that 54.1% of children DO NOT do physical activities when they are bored. As can be seen in Table 27, the most common activities that children engage in when they are bored are the same as the adults in their households – watching TV, listening to music and socialising. However, 45.9% of children do something physically active in their spare time (including walking, jogging, gardening or housework), as compared to 24.6% of adults. 48 TABLE 27: CHILDREN’S LEISURE ACTIVITIES CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Race: More Asian/Indian children (77.8%) and white children (73.2%) do physical activities when they are bored than children in black (49.4%) or coloured (38.1%) households. • SES Index: More children in upper income households (50.6%) engage in physical activities when they are bored than children in lower income households (43.9%). 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 49 In contrast to adults, more children get bored all the time (9.3%) or never (17.1%), representing opposite ends of the spectrum, while more adult household members said they ‘sometimes’ get bored (see figure below). FIGURE 47: COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY OF BOREDOM BETWEEN ADULTS AND CHILDREN Another focus group participant raised concern over the amount of time young people spend at shebeens and pubs – “When you go to our area you might see the children sitting on the vehicles or on corners or in the shops or at shebeens, smoking dagga.”64 This concern was confirmed by the survey – 2.3% of caretakers said that the children in their households go to a shebeen or pub when they are bored. This percentage is actually higher than the percentage of adults that admitted going to shebeens or pubs in their spare time. 70% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Often Sometimes All the time Children Rarely 0% Never PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS 60% Adults As can be seen in Figure 49, children usually stay home, go to a friend’s house or hang out in the street when they are bored. This was confirmed in the focus groups, where concerns were raised over the fact that children are spending too much time in the streets. According to one participant, “Children sit on the corners because there is nothing to do.”63 As seen in the figure below, only one child out of ten currently goes to a recreational facility when they are bored. This is only slightly higher than the percentage for adults in their households. SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 49: PLACES CHILDREN GO WHEN THEY ARE BORED Home Friend’s house In the street School Relatives house Open space Recreational facilities Shopping mall Field Cinema Stadium Shebeen of pub Other Internet cafe 70.5% 42.5% 16.6% 14.9% 11.4% 11.2% 10.6% 7.5% 7.0% 2.7% 2.7% 2.3% 1.4% .8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS FIGURE 48: YOUTH HANGING OUT IN RONDEBOSCH, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 49 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 50 6.2.2 Physical exercise 6.2.3 Membership to a sports club or team Even though the majority of children stay at home when they are bored, they are much more physically active than adults, according to their caregivers. In line with the finding that children are more physically active in an average week than adults, children also appear more likely to belong to a sports club or team than adults. FIGURE 50: COMPARISON OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/EXERCISE IN AN AVERAGE WEEK FIGURE 51: COMPARISON OF MEMBERSHIP TO SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAM BETWEEN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 12.9% 22.9% 24.0% Regularly active Children Adults 16.3% Occasionally active 33.2% 21.4% 29.8% Not active at all 0% 20% 40% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS 39.3% Very active 80% 60% 40% 20% Adults 60% 92.4% 78.5% 100% 21.5% 7.6% 0% Belong to a sports club or team Do not belong to a sports club or team Children PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 50 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Regular physical exercise among children = 62.2% Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Children’s membership to a sports club or team = 21.5% However, this means that 37.8% of children DO NOT regularly exercise in an average week. This means that 78.5% of children DO NOT belong to a sports club or team. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Race: Significantly more children in coloured (76.5%), white (74.2%) and Asian/Indian (72.2%) households engage in regular physical exercise than children in black households (48.3%). • SES Index: Significantly more children in upper income households (70.3%) engage in regular physical exercise than in lower income households (58.7%). • Race: More children in Asian/Indian (38.9%) and white (36.0%) households belong to sports clubs and teams than children in black (20.8%) and coloured (19.6%) households. • SES Index: Only slightly more children in upper income households (22.5%) belong to sports clubs and teams than children in lower income households (21.1%). CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 51 6.2.4 Participation in sports and recreation As can be seen in Figure 53, the three most common sports teams or clubs that children belong to are: soccer (62.4%), netball (15%) and rugby (13.8%). This differs only slightly from the adult memberships which included cricket in the top three, before rugby. Overall, 66.4% of children participate in available sport and recreation activities according to their caretakers. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Children’s participation in sport and recreation activities = 66.4% This means that 33.6% of children DO NOT participate in any of the available sport and recreation activities. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Race: There is not a significant difference in participation levels across race – children in white households (69.8%), black households (67.1%), Asian/Indian households (66.6%) and coloured households (65.2%). • SES Index: Only slightly more children in upper income households (69.0%) participate in sport and recreation than children in lower income households (65.3%). FIGURE 53: SPORTS CLUBS AND TEAM THAT CHILDREN BELONG TO Soccer Netball Rugby Athletic/track Dancing Cricket Running Walking Hockey Swimming Gymnastics Tennis Fishing Martial arts/ karate Softball Boxing Aerobics/ fitness Cycling Horse riding Environmental clubs Basketball Formal sport Volleyball Golf Darts Snooker/pool 62.4% 15.0% 13.8% 12.6% 12.0% 11.5% 8.9% 6.5% 4.5% 4.1% 3.9% 3.6% 3.4% 3.1% 2.7% 1.9% 1.5% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% .8% .6% .6% .4% .4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Table 28 on the next page provides a breakdown of participation levels of children in the most common sport and leisure activities in Cape Town, including the location and average hours per week spent on these activities. Playing outside is the most common activity (40.6%), followed by soccer (25.1%), walking (8.5%), netball (8.5%) and dancing (7.2%). Most of these activities are done at home or in the street, although school was cited as the common location for dancing and netball, and community facilities were cited for soccer. FIGURE 52: YOUTH PLAYING CRICKET DURING PRINCE ALBERT’S VISIT TO GUGULETHU, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 51 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 52 TABLE 28: CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN SPORT/ LEISURE ACTIVITIES Sport Play outside Aerobics/ fitness Total Avg. hrs per week Home/street (83.5%); Gym 40.6% (11.4%); Community facility (3.8%); School (1.3%) 10.2 HRS School (55.9%); 1.0% Home/street (31.9%); Community facility (12.2%) 2.4 HRS Sport School (50.4%); Community 5.5% facility (36.9%); Gym (10.5%); 3.5 HRS Club (2.2%) Running (61.6%); Gym 2.6 HRS 8.4% Home/street (27.0%); School (11.4%) Community facility 0.5% (53.2%); Home/street (46.8%) Sailing Badminton 0% -- -- Basketball Community facility (55.3%); Home/street (22.4%); School (22.4%) Scuba diving 3.1 HRS Boxing Canoeing/ kayaking Cricket (indoor/ outdoor) 0.8% 0% 2.4 HRS Gym (72.5%); Home/street (25.2%); Community facility (2.3%) 3.4 HRS -- -- School (53.7%); 4.5% Community facility (29.8%); Home/street (16.6%) Home/street (85.8%); Community facility (14.2%) 3.4 HRS Cycling 2.0% Dancing School (35.2%); Community 7.2% facility (33.0%); Home/street (25.3%); Gym (6.6%) 2.3 HRS 0% 0.4% -Dam (100%) -4.0 HRS Golf 0.7% Community facility (97.2%); School (2.8%) 1.9 HRS Gymnastic 2.1% Community facility (52.2%); School (39.0%); Home/street (8.8%) 2.0 HRS School (75.0%); Community facility (25.0%) 2.7 HRS Community facility (64.6%); Farm (35.4%) 1.7 HRS Gym (48.5%); Community facility (36.0%); School (15.4%) 3.9 HRS School (75.1%); 8.5% Community facility (20.2%); Home/street (3.2%); Gym 4.5 HRS Darts Fishing Hockey (indoor/ outdoor) 3.0% Horse riding 1.0% Martial arts/ 1.5% karate Netball Rock climbing 0% -- CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 2.3 HRS -- 0% -- Avg. hrs per week Rugby 5.8 HRS Club; shop (51.9%); 1.9% Community facility (30.7%); Home/street (17.4%) Location 0% 2.0 HRS 1.3% Total Rowing Aquarobics 0.2% School (100%) Athletics/ (47.7%); Community track and 3.0% School facility (34.2%); Gym (18.2%) field Snooker/ pool 52 Location -- -- 2.1 HRS -- Soccer (indoor/ outdoor) Community facility (42.4%); (28.8%); 25.1% Home/street School (25.4%); Open space/soccer club (3.4%) 4.0 HRS Softball (84.8%); 1.3% School Community facility (15.2%) 6.9 HRS Squash/ racquetball 0% -- -- Surf sports 0% -- -- Swimming School (47.7%); Home/street 2.8% (34.0%); Beach (10.4%); 3.4 HRS Community facility (7.9%) Table tennis 0.4% School (100%) Swimming School (47.7%); Home/street 2.8% (34.0%); Beach (10.4%); 3.4 HRS Community facility (7.9%) Tennis (indoor/ outdoor) Community facility (56.0%); 2.5% Home/street (22.3%); School (21.6%) 2.6 HRS Volleyball 0.3% Home/street (100%) 2.0 HRS Walking Home/street (83.8%); 8.5% Community facility (13.3%); School (2.9%) 5.2 HRS Weight training facility (59.0%); 0.5% Community Home/street (41.0%) 2.0 HRS 2.0 HRS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 As can be seen in the table above, there are several sports activities that many children are not doing at all. These include: • • • • • • • Badminton. Darts. Rock climbing. Rowing. Scuba diving. Squash/racquetball. Surf sports. 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 53 In contrast to the preferred locations for adults participating in sport and recreation activities, discussed previously, schools were mentioned much more frequently for children’s activities. With the exception of soccer and basketball, community facilities were mentioned for more specialised activities, such as golf, gymnastics, horse riding, sailing, tennis and weight training. FIGURE 54: RECREATION FESTIVAL AT PRINCESS VLEI 2009 (SOURCE: SRA) 6.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6 To summarise the findings from this chapter: • Only a small percentage of adults and children in Cape Town choose a physical activity when they are bored. Instead, the majority watch TV, listen to music or socialise. • Only a small percentage of adults and children go to a recreational facility when they are bored. FIGURE 55: LEARN TO SWIM, BLUE DOWNS SWIMMING POOL 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) • Children generally engage in more physical exercise than adults in an average week. • Only one in 10 households has a gym membership. Approximately one in 10 adults and one in five children belong to a sports team or club. • Overall, the most popular sport and recreation activities are team sports, walking/running and aerobics, although there are significant differences across gender, age, race and socio-economic groups. • Among adults, community facilities are most commonly used for team sports. • Among children, schools are the most common location for sports, with the exception of soccer and basketball. Community facilities are used primarily for more specialised activities. FIGURE 56: CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2009 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 53 4. CCT Report-5>6 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:31 AM Page 54 CASE STUDY 1 Atlantis / Witsand District 1 SES Index Atlantis - 46.20 SES Index Witsand - 57.99 Outskirts of Cape Town metropole Located on the outskirts of the Cape Town metropole, yet still within District 1, Atlantis is bordered by the neighbouring community of Witsand. Both communities fall in the lower income bracket – the SES Index for Atlantis is 46.20, while the SES Index for Witsand is 57.99. In terms of participation in sport and recreation, the focus group participants from Atlantis and Witsand provided a detailed picture of what is happening in their community. When asked what they do when bored, some residents said they sew or garden, while others help out with after school programmes. However, many residents also said they do nothing, but relax at home, sleep or watch TV. For some residents, this level of inactivity is quite frustrating. For example, one resident said, “For me it is very sad. I sometimes get angry. There are a lot of young people that are just sitting at home doing nothing.” According to another, “In Witsand, we have nothing to do. We just sit and drink alcohol.” They gave the following reasons for the lack of physical activity: • No facilities to occupy young people. • Lack of information from councillors or committees in terms of where to go. • No programmes for older people, sick people or those with disabilities. • Social problems like unemployment. • Lack of safety (for example, for children going to school). • Can’t afford the costs required to rent the facilities. • Drugs and alcoholism. 1 5 2 4 3 6 SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 There was some disagreement over whether there are sufficient facilities in Atlantis and Witsand. However, everyone agreed that there is a need for “people that have the knowledge and the resources to equip people in their leisure time to do something constructive.” They noted that the current facility caretaker sometimes prevents people from using facilities. Consequently, the youth in Atlantis and Witsand find less constructive ways to spend their time. According to one resident, “Due to a lack of halls and playgrounds for the kids, they end up in shebeens and smoking, doing drugs. But I think if we can get halls and some sports grounds – some of the children want to become soccer stars and rugby players but no one is helping them.” DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 5 DISTRICT 6 54 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY Residents also stressed the impact of unemployment on participation in sport and recreation, stating you cannot expect someone to engage in recreational activities on an empty stomach. They suggested that departmental resources be used for: soup kitchens, vegetable gardens, drama, development in music, skills development (for example, sewing), education and competitive sports. The latter was highlighted because residents believe their children lose interest in sporting activities because they are not involved in competitions with other communities or districts. 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 55 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) Participation in City Programmes 7 The following chapter assesses participation and satisfaction levels in programmes organised by the City of Cape Town. Internal and external stakeholders expressed mixed feelings about the City’s recreation programmes, as illustrated in the comments below. According to internal stakeholders: • “City-provided facilities and activities are very accessible.”65 • “The facilities are there, but we are not maximising the use.”66 • “Overall, we have good programmes. We’ve got a lot of creative guys... but I would say we need more.”67 • “From reports, we have very good programmes. The challenge is that the impact is not farreaching. Therefore, the issue is not content, but the impact is not being felt at a broader level.”68 • “We are not reaching enough people.”69 • “There is a general lack of programmes.”70 Among external stakeholders there appears to be a significant lack of knowledge about the City’s recreational programmes, as well as a call for improvements: • • • • • “There is nothing happening in our communities.”71 “I don’t know of any programmes.”72 “I don’t know what programmes they offer.”73 “They can still improve.”74 “There are good programmes but I’m not sure if community centres are used for the right things.”75 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 55 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 56 The wide range of opinions on programmes suggests that consensus and communication between stakeholders is just as important as awareness of the perceptions of residents towards City programmes. 7.2 TYPES OF PROGRAMMES 7.1 PARTICIPATION LEVELS • • • • • As can be seen in the pie chart below, only 5.3% of Cape Town households reported participating in a City programme in the past year. Of those households that participated in a City programme in the past year, the following programmes were cited most frequently (see Figure 58): FIGURE 57: HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN A CITY PROGRAMME IN 2009/10 Soccer (36.7%). Health and fitness (17.3%). Music (16.2%). Dance (15.7%). Netball (15.6%). FIGURE 58: CITY PROGRAMMES THAT HOUSEHOLDS HAVE PARTICIPATED IN Soccer Health and fitness Music Dance Netball Other Cricket Rugby Come and Play Street soccer Gym Yes 5.3% No 94.7% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 36.7% 17.3% 16.2% 15.7% 15.6% 15.3% 14.0% 11.1% 11.0% 8.6% 5.4% 5.0% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% .7% .7% .6% Arts and crafts Games for seniors Dominoes Ball games Beach games Slippery slides Face painting Cards Learn to swim Egg and spoon races Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Participation in City programmes = 5.3% This means that 94.7% of households DID NOT participate in a City programme in the past year. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS • Gender: Slightly more women (5.7%) have participated in City programmes than men (4.9%). • Age: More seniors (7.5%) have participated in City programmes than young adults (4.7%) and middleage adults (5.0%). • Race: More black households (7.6%) and Asian/Indian households (6.8%) have participated in City programmes than white (4.0%) or coloured (4.2%) households. • SES Index: Almost twice as many lower income households (6.9%) have participated in City programmes than upper income households (3.8%). 56 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 7.3 SATISFACTION LEVELS Households that have participated in City programmes were asked to rate the programmes on four different factors (see Figure 60 on the next page): • • • • Ability to meet community’s needs. Cost. Marketing/information. Time of day offered. 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 57 • SES Index: Overall, upper income households (78.4%) are more satisfied with City programmes than lower income households (43.8%). Out of these four factors, households were the least satisfied with the marketing for the programmes and with programmes’ ability to meet communities’ needs. Overall, just over half of the households were positive about the programmes organised by the City, with an average of 56.3% stating that they are satisfied or very satisfied with the four factors. However, this varied quite significantly across demographic groups. 7.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7 To summarise the findings from this chapter: • Only a small percentage of households in Cape Town have participated in City programmes in the past year. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Overall satisfaction with the City’s programmes = 56.3% • Of those households that have participated, the programmes most frequently mentioned were soccer (36.7%); health and fitness (17.3%); music (16.2%); dance (15.7%); and netball (15.6%). This means that, on average, 43.7% of households are unsure or not satisfied with City programmes. • Just over 50% of households are generally satisfied with the programmes. However, households were the least satisfied with the marketing for the programmes and with the programmes’ ability to meet communities’ needs. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Overall, men (59.2%) are slightly more satisfied with City programmes than women (54.2%). The one exception is with the time of day programmes are offered – 59.6% of women are satisfied, while only 55.7% of men are satisfied. • Age: Overall, seniors (79.6%) are much more satisfied with City programmes than young adults (53.9%). Middle-age adults (49.0%) appear to be the least satisfied. • Race: Overall, white (87.7%) and Asian/Indian (87.5%) households are more satisfied with City programmes than coloured (56.3%) and black (45.3%) households. FIGURE 59: HOLIDAY PROGRAMME, SILVERSTROOM RESORT, DISTRICT 3 (SOURCE: SRA) FIGURE 60: SATISFACTION LEVELS WITH CITY PROGRAMMES 15.9% Time of day programme offered 58.0% 26.1% 26.2% 53.5% Marketing for programmes Unsatisfied 20.2% Satisfied 18.4% Programmes’ cost 58.5% 23.1% Neutral or don’t know 27.3% 55.2% Ability to meet community’s needs 17.4% 0% 50% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 57 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 58 CASE STUDY 2 Observatory District 1 SES Index Observatory 14.73 Close to the City centre In contrast to Atlantis and Witsand, Observatory is located much closer to the City centre and represents an upper-income community in District 1. The SES Index for Observatory is 14.73. In contrast to the perception that higher income areas aren’t as interested in City programmes, the residents that participated in the focus group provided a range of reasons why the community of Observatory can also benefit from the Department of Sport and Recreation. This case study highlights the potential benefits of City programmes for communities like Observatory. According to the participants, many residents of Observatory are already physically active. According to one participant, holiday programmes are well attended. However, most of the participants didn’t know anything about City programmes. They said they would be very interested and suggested that events/activities should be advertised in the community newsletters. Some of the preferred activities in Observatory include: • Martial arts. • Soccer and cricket, as well as using the sports fields for playing, kite flying and general recreation. • Board games and socialising at the cafes. • Swimming at the community pool. • Walking, jogging and bike riding along Liesbeeck Parkway. All of the participants agreed that there have been a lot of improvements in Observatory, such as the recent refurbishment of the community centre. However, they said there was still room for improvement, particularly in the following areas: • Poorly maintained parks and difficulty accessing keys for the locked parks. • People don’t clean up after their dogs. • Too many bottle stores – linked to abuse of drugs and alcohol. • Need more car free zones – too many big trucks on the narrow roads. 1 5 2 4 3 6 Some residents also expressed concern about the heavy-handed approach being taken towards homeless people and foreigners. One participant, who is originally from the Congo, said that his children “don’t have a life in Observatory.” They are scared to play in the street because they have been mugged several times. Residents felt that programmes could be used to unite and integrate the community. SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 5 DISTRICT 6 58 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY Their ‘wish list’ for Observatory included: • A skate park. • Less bottle stores. • Walking paths with exercise stations – “trim parks”. • More study facilities at the library. • More facilities for homeless people. • More trees. • Monuments telling the history of Observatory. • More access for pedestrians and cyclists to the mountains and nearby communities. 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 59 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) Usage & Perceptions of Facilities 8 The following chapter explores knowledge, usage and perceptions of sport and recreation facilities in Cape Town. To provide a context for the feedback from residents, the first section provides a breakdown of the number of facilities by type and by district.xix Internal and external stakeholders provided a range of thoughts on existing facilities. years, we have concentrated on standard – that is, the built standard of facilities.”80 • “Our fields are over-played.”81 • “From the stats we get, facilities are over-utilised, with a focus on sport facilities.”82 According to external stakeholders: According to internal stakeholders: • “To be honest, our facilities are not in perfect shape... [but] they are generally functioning.”76 • “They have become white elephants.”77 • “We’ve got the infrastructure. It’s just getting people that are out there to use the facilities.”78 • “Our facilities are world class.”79 • “The City has quite good standards. In the last few • “There’s a lack of maintenance.”83 • “Recreational facilities are on the outskirts of communities and not within communities. Recreation facilities need to be central.”84 • “[The physical condition of the facilities] has improved immensely.”85 • “Outdoor recreation centres are good. They are very, very nice.”86 xix. The SRA also oversees a number of public toilets, beaches, tidal pools, bathhouses and slipways but these were not included in the graphs in this chapter, since the emphasis is on community recreation facilities. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 59 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 60 8.1 FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN The approximate number of recreational facilities varies quite significantly by district and does not always correspond proportionally with the number of households in each district (see Table 29 and Figure 61). For example, the district with the most households (District 3) has the second lowest percentage of facilities (14.1%). TABLE 29: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND FACILITIES PER DISTRICT As can be seen in Figure 62, community recreation centres and sportsgrounds are the most common recreation facilities run by the City of Cape Town. FIGURE 62: SRA RECREATION FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN (TOTAL = 396) Community Recreation Centres Sportsgrounds 190 147 Indoor Sport Centres 8 Pools District Number of Households (est.) Number of Facilities Stadium 5 Resorts 12 1 135,649 64 2 156,200 74 3 274,476 56 4 148,024 99 5 165,271 70 SOURCE: SRA, 2010 6 88,279 33 As can be seen in Figure 64 on the next page, the districts also vary in terms of what is available for residents.xx For example, Districts 2, 3 and 5 don’t have any stadia, while Districts 1, 4 and 5 don’t have any resorts. District 6 only has two pools, while District 5 has 9. SOURCE: SRA AND MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 61: COMPARISON OF % OF RECREATION FACILITIES TO % OF POPULATION BY SRA DISTRICT 0 100 18.7% 16.1% District 2 14.1% District 3 28.4% 25.0% District 4 15.3% 17.7% 17.1% District 5 8.3% 9.1% District 6 0% 20% % of facilities % of households 40% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 xx. The needs per district are analysed in more detail in the district reports. CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 200 NUMBER OF FACILITIES 16.2% 14.0% District 1 60 34 FIGURE 63: HARTLEYVALE STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA) 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 61 FIGURE 64: RECREATION FACILITIES IN CAPE TOWN COMPARED BY SRA DISTRICT Community hall 30 37 30 Community Recreation Centres 49 29 7 Pools 8 9 12.8% Game areas 9.9% Picnic facilities 9.1% Golf courses 7.3% Fishing piers 5.2% Camping areas 4.5% Boating facilities 3.8% District 5 Mountain trails 3.0% District 6 Other 0.6% District 2 District 3 0 Resorts 23.5% 9.9% District 4 Stadium 29.7% Basketball court 2 1 0 0 3 0 1 51.7% Tennis court District 1 4 4 56.6% Swimming pool 35 32 10 Indoor Sport Centres Sports field Pay areas 25 29 16 1 0 3 4 0 0 64.4% Parks 15 Sportsgrounds FIGURE 65: RECREATION FACILITIES THAT RESIDENTS ARE AWARE OF IN THEIR COMMUNITIES 0% 4 3 0 0 5 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF COMMUNTIES SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 NUMBER OF FACILITIES Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Knowledge of facilities = 97.8% SOURCE: SRA, 2010 8.2 KNOWLEDGE OF FACILITIES Only 2.2% of households do not know of facilities in their community. Overall, 97.8% of households know of sport and recreation facilities in their community. The ones that were identified most frequently are highlighted in Figure 65. There are no significant differences in levels of knowledge across the demographic groups. However, slightly more young adults, slightly more black and coloured households and slightly more lower income households are aware of facilities than other demographic groups. When asked which facilities were run by the City, only 0.2% of households said that they did not know. This was slightly higher among women (0.4%), middle-age adults (0.3%), coloured households (0.5%) and upper income households (0.4%). FIGURE 66: BLUE DOWNS INDOOR SWIMMING POOL (SOURCE: SRA) More research on a community by community basis would be required to compare perceptions against the reality of what facilities are currently managed by the City in each community. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 61 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 62 8.3 USAGE OF FACILITIES FIGURE 68: ARE THE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN YOUR COMMUNITY BENEFITTING THE COMMUNITY? When asked which facilities are used most often in their communities, the majority of residents said that community halls, sports fields and parks are used most often (see Figure 67).xxi This corresponds with the facilities that are most available (see previous page), which suggests that usage is not necessarily a good indication of preference but more likely about availability. Preferences will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 11. No 51.0% Yes 49.0% FIGURE 67: FACILITIES USED MOST OFTEN SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Community hall 35.6% Sports field 35.4% Parks Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Perception that facilities are benefiting communities = 49.0% 19.3% Pay areas 3.3% Swimming pool 2.6% Boating facilities 1.2% Game areas 0.7% Tennis court 0.6% Golf courses 0.5% Fishing piers 0.5% Picnic facilities 0.3% Other 0.1% Camping areas 0.0% Basketball court 0.0% Mountain trails 0.0% 0% 10% Overall, 51% of households do not think that facilities are currently benefiting communities! When compared across demographic groups, one finds that: 20% 30% 40% PERCENTAGE OF COMMUNTIES SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 As can be seen in the graph above, play areas, swimming pools and other types of recreation facilities are used minimally. However, once again, this could be an issue of access, rather than preference. • Gender: Slightly more men (52.7%) think facilities are benefiting communities than women (45.9%). • Age: More young adults (56.8%) think facilities are benefiting communities than middle-age adults (48.2%) and seniors (39.6%). • Race: Slightly more white households (58.6%) think facilities are benefiting community than black (55.3%), Asian/Indian (54.1%) and coloured (39.6%) households. • SES Index: More lower income households (51.1%) think that facilities are benefiting communities than upper income households (46.6%). 8.4 PERCEPTIONS OF THE BENEFITS OF FACILITIES FOR COMMUNITIES As can be seen in Figure 68, less than half of households feel that recreational facilities are benefitting their community, which corresponds with some of the comments made by stakeholders. xx. The needs per district are analysed in more detail in the district reports. 62 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY FIGURE 69: HOLIDAY PROGRAMME, NETBALL IN DU NOON (SOURCE: SRA) 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 63 8.5 SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES Residents were asked to rate their level of satisfaction with the facility used most often in their community. They rated eight different factors (see Figure 71 on the next page): • • • • • • • • Size Cost Cleanliness Management Location Operating hours Booking procedures Accessibility for wheelchairs Overall, just over half of the households were positive about the facilities used most often in their communities, with an average of 54.5% stating that they are satisfied or very satisfied with the eight factors above. This is slightly lower than satisfaction levels with City programmes and there were minor variations across demographic groups. Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Overall satisfaction with community facilities = 54.5% This means that, on average, 45.5% of households are unsure or not satisfied with the recreation facilities used most often in their communities! When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Overall, men (55.4%) are slightly more satisfied than women (53.7%) with the facilities in their community. • Age: Overall, young adults (56.1%) are more satisfied with facilities in their communities than middle-age adults (54.7%) and seniors (50.9%). • Race: Overall, white households (68.4%) are much more satisfied with the facilities in their communities than black (51.6%), coloured (54.1%) and Asian/Indian (46.1%) households. • SES Index: Overall, upper income households (60.1%) are more satisfied with their recreation facilities than lower income households (49.4%). As can be seen in Figure 71, residents are most dissatisfied with the cost, accessibility and management of the facilities in their communities. This was confirmed in the focus groups. For example, in the Atlantis focus group, participants said that there is a resource centre where women used to go to sew but now they have to pay to use the place. In Lwandle, residents were concerned about the management of the indoor sports facility. They said the caretaker often won’t let residents use the facility because they might leave it dirty. Furthermore, they said that the facilities are expensive – some have been charged up to R1000 to use the community hall. In Claremont, residents were concerned that the parks and fields were not being looked after, posing a danger to residents who wished to play sports. Interestingly, there was the perception in this group that all the money is being spent on lower income communities and that public facilities in upper income areas are being neglected. FIGURE 70: MANDALAY COMMUNITY CENTRE (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 63 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 64 FIGURE 71: SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES 17.3% Size 59.4% 23.3% 20.2% Cost 46.6% 33.1% 17.8% Cleanliness/maintenance 58.4% 23.9% 17.8% Management Unsatisfied 51.9% 30.3% Satisfied 15.7% Location 60.6% 23.7% Neutral or don’t know 13.7% Operating hours 57.9% 28.4% 14.9% Booking procedures 48.6% 36.4% 18.3% Accessibility for wheelchairs 52.7% 29.0% 0% 50% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 8.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 8 To summarise the findings from this chapter: • The majority of households in Cape Town are aware of the sport and recreation facilities in their communities. • The facilities used most often are community halls, sports fields and parks. • Less than half of households feel that recreation facilities are currently benefiting their community. • However, just over half of households are satisfied generally with the facilities in their community. • Residents are least satisfied with the cost, accessibility and management of the facilities in their communities. 64 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY FIGURE 72: TURFHALL SPORTS COMPLEX (SOURCE: SRA) 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:29 AM Page 65 CASE STUDY 3 Claremont District 2 SES Index - 9.38 Southern Suburbs Claremont is located in District 2, in the Southern Suburbs, and has an SES Index of 9.38, indicating that it is among the wealthiest suburbs in Cape Town. However, there are only a few facilities in Claremont that are managed by the City. Claremont thus presents a useful case study in the discussion of facilities. According to the focus group participants, there is a widely-held misperception that facilities in upper income areas are well taken care of and that they prefer private facilities. However, to the contrary, the participants felt that they would use the parks and facilities in their area if they were looked after. They also felt that there are not enough activities, particularly for elderly and disabled residents. According to one participant, she and her neighbours use paid facilities, not because they are not interested in public facilities, but because of the “appalling state” of the public facilities – “Where can you play volleyball in Claremont? Everything here you have to pay for... I love what they did in Khayelitsha, but they are not doing anything in the established suburbs.” The residents said their parks are very run down and not well maintained. They rated Claremont’s facilities as very poor. One participant said that people often get injured by the stones in the park where they try to play soccer. They suggested that rather than build new facilities – “There is a serious need to renovate what we have.” As an example, they pointed to the community hall, which is in serious need of a facelift. 1 When asked about their interaction with City officials, some of the participants who work with a residential NGO in Claremont said that officials used to come to their events (like the Special Olympics) but have been coming less and less. In terms of City-run programmes, they are not aware of any. 5 2 4 3 6 They suggested that before looking at programmes, the City should address three things: • Improving the surfaces of parks and playing fields. • Providing fences around the parks. • Improving the facilities. SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 “For me, it’s basic things like fencing that the community needs,” said one participant. “People would love to have programmes. I would have loved for the city to teach my child to swim. Don’t assume that because we live in Claremont, we don’t need it.” DISTRICT 5 DISTRICT 6 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 65 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:30 AM Page 66 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 9 Interaction with Recreation Staff The following chapter assesses levels of knowledge, interaction and satisfaction with recreation staff. As with programmes and facilities, there were a range of opinions among stakeholders regarding recreation staff. According to internal stakeholders: 66 someone knowledgeable to direct the activity.”91 • “In the senior level, there seems to be a shift. People are more accommodating. They are listening.”92 • “It has improved a lot. They are customer friendly.”93 • “Most of our staff does not have a recreation background. It’s more facilities management. They do not know how to engage with the community.”87 • “Very poor. The perception among staff is that recreation is separate from facility management.”88 • “We can do a lot better.”89 As part of the build-up to the survey, recreation staff at all levels was involved in a series of workshops. Many demonstrated a keen interest in finding out the needs of communities and equipping themselves to become more engaged. According to external stakeholders: 9.1 KNOWLEDGE OF RECREATION STAFF • “Not good enough. More can be done to be more engaged. They like to sit in their offices.”90 • “There is a lack of leaders in recreation. For example, in the indigenous recreation activities, As can be seen in Figure 73, approximately four out of five residents in Cape Town do not know who to speak to for information about recreational facilities and programmes in their community. CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:30 AM Page 67 FIGURE 73: KNOWLEDGE OF WHO TO SPEAK TO ABOUT FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES IN COMMUNITY FIGURE 74: INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF Yes 15.1% Yes 18.4% No 84.9% No 81.6% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Knowledge of who to speak to about facilities and programmes = 18.4% This means that 81.6% of households don’t know who to speak to about recreational facilities and programmes! SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Interaction with recreation staff = 15.1% This means that 84.9%, more than 8 out of every 10 people, have never interacted with recreation staff in their communities! When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: More men (20.5%) than women (16.8%) know who to speak to about sport and recreation in their community. • Age: Almost twice as many young adults (22.0%) and middle-age adults (19.0%) know who to speak to about sport and recreation compared to seniors (11.1%). • Race: Significantly more black residents (27.5%) know who to speak to about sport and recreation than coloured (15.5%), white (10.5%) and Asian/Indian (9.1%) residents. • SES Index: Almost twice as many lower income households (23.9%) know who to speak to about sport and recreation than upper income households (13.1%). • Gender: Only slightly more men (16.0%) than women (14.3%) have interacted with recreation staff. • Age: More young adults (17.1%) and middle-age adults (16.1%) have interacted with recreation staff than seniors (7.6%). • Race: More black households (23.3%) have interacted with recreation staff than coloured households (11.7%) and white households (10.3%). No Asian/Indian households (0.0%) reported interacting with recreation staff. • SES Index: Twice as many lower income households (20.4%) have interacted with recreation staff as upper income households (9.9%). 9.2 INTERACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF Overall, very few residents have met or spoken to recreational staff members in their communities (see Figure 74). FIGURE 75: STREET SOCCER TOURNAMENT AT HEATHFIELD COURT, ATLANTIS (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 67 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:30 AM Page 68 9.3 SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF Residents that have interacted with recreation staff were asked to rate their level of satisfaction with staff in their communities. They rated four different factors (see Figure 76): • • • • Development of programmes. Availability. Relevant skills. Attitude towards the public. As can be seen in the graph below, residents are least satisfied with the ability of recreation staff to develop programmes and with their degree of relevant skills. When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Overall, more men (64.9%) are satisfied with recreation staff than women (54.8%). • Age: Generally, slightly more middle-age adults (61.1%) are more satisfied with recreation staff than young adults (59.8%) and seniors (45.6%). However, the one exception was in perceptions of the attitudes of recreation staff – more young adults (72.8%) are satisfied than middle-age adults (67.7%) and seniors (64.3%). • Race: More white residents (83.4%) are satisfied with recreation staff than coloured residents (72.4%) and black residents (44.8%). Asian/Indian residents did not provide a rating since they did not report interacting with recreation staff. • SES Index: More upper income households (61.9%) expressed satisfaction with recreation staff than lower income households (44.7%). Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Overall satisfaction with recreation staff = 59.6% This means that, on average, 40.4% of households are unsure or not satisfied with the recreation staff in their communities! On a more positive note, this is slightly higher than satisfaction levels for programmes and facilities. FIGURE 76: SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF 22.9% Friendliness towards the public 68.7% 8.5% 25.3% Relevant skills 57.3% 17.4% Unsatisfied Satisfied 25.0% Availability 62.2% 12.9% Neutral or don’t know 31.1% Development of programmes 18.4% 0% 50.5% 50% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 68 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:30 AM Page 69 9.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 9 To summarise the findings from this chapter: • Less than 20% of households in Cape Town know who to speak to for information about recreational facilities and programmes in their community. • Even fewer residents (15.1%) have interacted with recreation staff in their communities. • Satisfaction with recreation staff is slightly higher than satisfaction levels with programmes and facilities. However, two out of every five households are unsure or unsatisfied with recreation staff. • Residents are most dissatisfied with the ability of recreation staff to develop programmes and their level of relevant skills. FIGURE 77: ASSISTING YOUTH DURING PRINCE ALBERT’S VISIT TO GUGULETHU, 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) FIGURE 78: GETTING THE BASICS BEFORE TAKING THE PLUNGE, LEARN TO SWIM, BLUE DOWNS SWIMMING POOL 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 69 5. CCT Report-7>9 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:30 AM Page 70 CASE STUDY 4 Lwandle District 6 Highest SES Index East side of the Cape Town metropole 5 4 3 Despite the many challenges facing residents of Lwandle, the focus group participants said there is a huge interest and need for sport and recreation in their community. They said that people in Lwandle are very motivated by sports and many participate actively, especially on the weekends. The main problem is that there are not enough facilities to accommodate everyone and access to the existing facilities is regularly blocked. As such, the focus group participants provided significant insights into the role that caretakers and recreation staff play in communities in Cape Town. According to one participant, the children have a hard time accessing the community’s indoor sports facility because there is a caretaker who is very strict and doesn’t allow anyone to use the place because she says they mess up the place and leave it dirty. As a result of the facility not being used, a sports office in the community was closed down. 1 2 Lwandle is located in District 6 on the east side of the Cape Town metropole. It has the highest SES Index of any of the community case studies, suggesting high levels of unemployment, low levels of education and many other social problems. Lwandle provides a useful case study when looking at the key role that recreation staff can play in communities. 6 SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 Another participant expressed her frustration with the lack of access to the community’s facilities – “I love sport… but I feel so frustrated that there is no access for us to the local facilities.” According to another participant, one of the biggest problems they face as a community is not knowing to who speak to when they want to make use of the facilities. Some of the residents have had to travel as far as Somerset West to book facilities. DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 5 DISTRICT 6 70 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY However, these challenges haven’t stopped them. According to the participants, most of the clubs in Lwandle are thriving independently. They said the recreational programmes are run by the community members themselves, with occasional assistance from the schools. They didn’t mention any recreation staff assisting them. The programmes available are: music, soccer, rugby, boxing, traditional dance, weight lifting, netball, drama and judo. Thus, in terms of recommendations, the residents see the role of the City as one where the City could provide training and development for local clubs. 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 71 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) Barriers & Motivations to Participation 10 The following chapter discusses barriers and motivations to participate in sport and recreation. The previous chapters touched on many of the barriers that prevent or discourage Cape Town residents from participating in sport and recreation. These include: On the flip side, the chapters also revealed some of the factors that motivate people to participate in sport and recreation. These include: • The habit or tendency to not engage in physical activities when bored. • The perception of good personal health even though most people are not regularly engaging in physical exercise. • Low memberships to gyms, sports clubs and teams. • Lack of knowledge about City programmes and negative perceptions of City programmes. • Lack of access to facilities and negative perceptions of facilities. • Lack of interaction with recreation staff and negative perceptions of recreation staff. • Relatively high levels of participation in certain sports and recreation activities. • Positive experiences with City programmes. • Positive perceptions of community facilities. • Positive perceptions of recreation staff. The following chapter explores in more depth the barriers and motivations to participation in sport and recreational activities for residents in Cape Town. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 71 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 72 10.1 ADULTS’ REASONS FOR AND AGAINST PARTICIPATING As can be seen in Table 30, the number one reason for participating in sport and recreation – for exercise/to remain healthy – remained the same across all demographic groups, although it was comparatively lower among women, young adults, coloured households and lower income households. 10.1.1 Reasons for participating As can be seen in Figure 79, the top three reasons why adult residents participate in sport and recreation in Cape Town are: Similarly, the second most popular reason – for enjoyment – also remained consistently second among all demographic groups, except for seniors, who rated relaxation second. There was more variety in third and fourth most common reasons, with more men, more black households and more lower income households identifying the opportunity to socialise, while other groups identified relaxation. • For exercise/to stay healthy (94.3%). • For enjoyment (88.7%). • To relax (82.2%). A comparison across demographic groups is included in Table 30. FIGURE 79: REASONS FOR PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION For exercise/ to stay healthy 94.3% For enjoyment 88.7% To relax 82.2% To socialise 78.8% For fresh air 77.8% To observe the environment 64.3% For educational reasons 46.7% To take the children out 35.4% To use children’s play equipment 29.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 30: COMPARISON OF REASONS FOR PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col SES1- SES2As/In Lower Upper For exercise/to stay healthy 94.3 90.7 97.1 92.8 94.8 95.5 94.4 100.0 90.0 100.0 91.3 96.5 For enjoyment 88.7 86.5 90.4 90.3 87.7 89.9 85.6 96.8 85.4 100.0 86.2 90.4 To relax 82.2 81.0 83.1 77.3 82.4 92.3 77.9 93.9 77.1 100.0 78.8 84.5 To socialise 78.8 72.8 83.3 76.1 79.4 81.9 81.1 81.9 75.0 65.7 80.6 77.5 For fresh air 77.8 78.5 77.3 75.6 77.0 87.2 77.4 87.4 72.2 60.0 76.5 78.7 To observe the environment 64.3 59.2 68.2 59.3 62.9 83.1 60.8 74.8 59.9 74.3 62.2 65.9 For educational reasons 46.7 48.5 45.3 47.8 47.8 38.6 49.3 39.0 51.5 6.1 51.5 43.3 To take the children out 35.4 35.5 35.3 25.4 39.3 39.0 25.1 39.3 42.9 19.7 30.3 38.9 To use children’s play equipment 29.4 28.5 30.0 22.9 30.2 40.5 16.6 39.1 35.7 100.0 20.2 35.7 Reasons for participating SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 72 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 73 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 10.1.2 Reasons for not participating As can be seen in the graph below, Cape Town residents identified a wide range of reasons for not participating in sport and recreation. These are grouped into four categories: 6. • Factors that are within the City’s control (i.e. number of facilities, etc.); • Personal reasons (i.e. related to income, health or family responsibilities); • Lack of knowledge (the responsibility of both the individual and the City to provide information); • Environmental factors (such as problems with safety in certain communities, bad weather, etc.) 7. 8. 9. 10. Lack of facilities (51.3%); Lack of money (36.8%); Lack of time generally (27.1%); Unsuitable facilities (26.9%); People would rather do other things in their spare time (24.6%); Costs of facilities, activities and transport (23.4%); Don’t know what’s available (21.6%) People don’t feel fit enough (20.1%); Home and family responsibilities (19.4%); Limited access (18.4%); The City has some control over half of the factors mentioned (see the ones highlighted – facilities, costs, information and access). The other five are more personal reasons linked to social problems, such as poverty, as well as lifestyle, attitude and health. However, these also link closely to the City’s mandate of community development and upliftment through sport and recreation. Overall, the top ten barriers that were identified most frequently were: FIGURE 80: REASONS WHY ADULT RESIDENTS DON’T PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION 51.3% CITY REASONS Lack of facilities 26.9% Unsuitable facilities 23.4% Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and transport) 18.4% Limited access 18.2% Too far away, not convenient 11.7% Too crowded 36.8% Lack of money 27.1% Lack of time generally 24.6% Rather do other things 20.1% PERSONAL REASONS Not fit enough 19.4% Home and family responsibilities 17.2% Personal reasons Work/study demands 17.0% Lack of knowledge Health problems 15.7% LACK OF KNOWLEDGE Environmental reasons 15.0% Too old 14.9% Not interested ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS Reasons within the City’s mandate Insufficient time due to work/study Taking care of someone 14.0% Too much effort 13.4% 9.1% Too lazy 21.6% Don’t know what’s available Don’t know where recreational facilities are 14.7% Feel unsafe 16.9% Public transport not available 11.6% Bad weather 9.7% 0% 20% 40% 60% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 73 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 74 • Gender: Though men and women differed slightly in terms of actual percentages, both identified the same top five as the overall sample. • Age: Although they agreed on the lack of facilities as the number one reason, seniors differed significantly with the other two age groups, identifying lack of fitness and being too old as two of their top five reasons for not participating. • Race: While all agreed on the number one reason being lack of facilities, the top five barriers differed quite significantly across the racial groups, with black and coloured households identifying costs more When one compares reasons for not participating in sport and recreation across demographic groups, one finds some significant differences (see Table 31). Firstly, looking at the whole list, women identified all the barriers more frequently than men, except in the area of insufficient time due to work/study and work/study demands. On average, young adults identified more barriers than their older counterparts, except in the areas of age and health. Similarly, coloured households generally identified more barriers, as well as lower income households. Secondly, looking only at the top five reasons, which are highlighted in each column, one can see that: TABLE 31: COMPARISON OF REASONS FOR NOT PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS (%) Gender Reasons against participating Total Age Group Race SES F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col SES1- SES2As/In Lower Upper Lack of facilities 51.3 52.4 49.9 55.7 51.8 42.4 58.7 41.3 50.7 33.4 60.5 42.2 Unsuitable facilities 26.9 28.4 25.2 32.9 25.5 24.7 30.3 6.9 33.3 22.0 37.4 16.8 Costs 23.4 25.3 21.1 26.3 22.6 22.8 24.3 5.9 30.3 21.8 30.2 16.7 Limited access 18.4 20.2 16.1 24.9 17.3 13.6 20.5 1.7 23.7 23.8 25.9 11.1 Too far away 18.2 19.9 16.2 24.1 16.9 15.5 20.8 4.1 22.2 22.6 24.5 12.1 Too crowded 11.7 13.7 9.3 15.3 11.4 8.1 15.0 3.0 13.0 12.8 15.9 7.7 Lack of money 36.8 38.6 34.5 38.7 37.4 31.1 42.3 8.2 45.8 18.0 49.1 24.8 Lack of time generally 27.1 27.7 26.4 26.4 30.2 15.0 32.8 19.2 27.0 12.8 31.4 23.0 Rather do other things 24.6 25.6 23.4 27.2 23.4 26.3 22.1 13.7 30.9 31.3 28.4 21.0 Not fit enough 20.1 21.2 18.6 14.9 18.6 33.9 14.2 11.2 28.4 12.9 20.9 19.3 Home and family responsibilities 19.4 21.5 16.8 16.6 21.3 14.8 20.3 7.8 23.9 11.3 23.2 15.6 Insufficient time due to work/study 17.2 14.6 20.3 24.2 17.4 6.1 17.7 15.8 17.0 27.1 15.7 18.7 Work/ study demands 17.0 13.9 20.8 25.6 16.7 6.3 17.8 14.5 17.5 16.3 15.3 18.7 Health problems 15.7 18.2 12.5 9.0 15.4 26.2 16.7 5.4 19.3 15.9 21.1 10.3 Too old 15.0 16.4 13.2 7.3 11.8 39.6 14.5 10.2 17.4 14.4 17.0 13.0 Not interested 14.9 17.2 12.1 15.8 15.0 13.2 17.0 5.1 17.2 23.8 18.8 11.1 Taking care of someone 14.0 15.6 12.0 14.1 14.2 12.7 14.3 1.9 18.9 12.8 16.2 11.8 Too much effort 13.4 14.9 11.6 15.1 12.7 14.4 15.0 4.6 16.1 12.8 17.6 9.4 9.1 10.6 7.2 13.2 8.8 4.6 12.2 4.2 8.8 12.8 10.9 7.3 Don’t know what’s available 21.6 24.5 18.2 27.4 19.9 21.1 18.4 9.1 29.4 21.8 27.0 16.4 Don’t know where facilities are 14.7 16.1 13.1 21.2 13.0 13.3 15.5 3.6 18.8 18.7 19.3 10.3 Feel unsafe 16.9 19.4 13.8 20.9 16.3 13.8 16.4 4.1 23.0 13.1 23.7 10.3 Public transport not available 11.6 12.4 10.8 14.1 10.2 14.4 13.0 3.4 14.1 14.4 14.3 9.1 9.7 10.4 8.8 11.6 9.4 8.3 10.8 2.5 11.8 12.8 13.3 6.1 Too lazy Bad weather SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 74 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 75 frequently, while lack of time was more prevalent among white, Asian and Indian households. • SES Index: Upper and lower income households also differ significantly in terms of barriers, with upper income households mentioning a preference for doing other things and a lack of interest in their top five, while unsuitable facilities and costs were mentioned much more frequently by lower income households. Thirdly, one can also use Table 31 (on the previous page) to pick out specific barriers like poor health and compare these across demographic groups. For example, women, seniors, coloured households and lower income households mentioned health as a barrier much more frequently than other groups. FIGURE 81: REASONS WHY CHILDREN PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACCORDING TO THE CARETAKERS To play 93.1% For enjoyment 91.4% For exercise/ to stay healthy 88.4% To socialise 82.9% To relax 82.7% For fresh air 76.6% For educational reasons 67.1% To observe the environment 61.0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 10.2 CHILDREN’S REASONS FOR AND AGAINST PARTICIPATING To compare whether the motivators and barriers for children are similar to the motivators and barriers for adults, survey respondents who have children in their households were asked to identify the reasons why their children participate in sport and recreation, as well as the reasons why their children do not participate. As would be expected, opportunities for play are much more important for children than the top reasons mentioned by adults. However, for both groups, enjoyment and health were rated in the top three. 10.2.1 Reasons for participating As can be seen in Figure 81 above, the top three reasons why children participate in sport and recreation are: • To play (93.1%); • For enjoyment (91.4%); • For exercise/to stay healthy (88.4%). FIGURE 82: MFULENI FIELDTRIP 2009 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 75 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 76 10.2.2 Reason for not participating 7. 8. 9. 10. According to their caretakers, the top ten reasons why children don’t participate in sport and recreation are as follows (see Figure 83): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Limited access (28.8%); Don’t know what’s available (25.5%); Don’t know where facilities are (23.4%); Insufficient time due to school (20.3%). In contrast to the adult reasons for not participating, factors within the City’s control (see highlighted) came up more frequently for children, as well as their lack of knowledge about facilities and programmes. Another key difference is that safety came up as the fifth most significant reason why children don’t participate. Lack of facilities (64.1%); Lack of money (44.9%); Unsuitable facilities (43.2%); Costs of facilities, activities and transport (33.8%); Children feel unsafe (31.5%); Facilities too far away (29.8%); FIGURE 83: REASONS WHY CHILDREN DON’T PARTICIPATE IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACCORDING TO THEIR CARETAKERS Lack of facilities 64.1% CITY REASONS Unsuitable facilities 43.2% Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and transport) 33.8% Too far away, not conveniently located 29.8% Limited access 28.8% Too crowded 15.4% PERSONAL REASONS Lack of money 44.9% Insufficient time due to school/studying 20.3% Rather do other things in leisure time 18.6% Lack of time generally 16.8% Reasons within the City’s mandate Not fit enough 13.5% Not interested 10.8% Home and family responsibilities 10.4% Health problems 9.9% Too lazy 8.9% Too much effort/ can’t be bothered Lack of knowledge Environmental reasons 8.3% Taking car of someone LACK OF KNOWLEDGE Personal reasons 5.8% Don’t know what’s available 25.5% Don’t know where recreational facilities are 23.4% ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS Feel unsafe 31.5% Bad weather 14.9% Public transport not available 13.1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 76 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 77 FIGURE 84: NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES WHILE PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION Injured 9.7% Being made fun of 9.5% Found out about programmes too late 7.5% Feeling uncomfortable 7.2% Feeling isolated 6.0% Physically attacked 5.0% Reprimanded 4.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 85: POSITIVE EXPERIENCES WHILE PARTICIPATING IN SPORT AND RECREATION Making friends 74.0% Feeling comfortable 71.4% Feeling excited 71.2% Increase in confidence 71.2% Experience a sense of belonging 69.6% Losing weight 0% 61.4% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 10.3 NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EXPERIENCES WITH SPORT AND RECREATION In addition to the reasons behind why adults or children choose to participate in sport and recreation or not, negative and positive experiences also have a role to play. Respondents were asked to identify experiences they’ve had that were either negative or positive. As can be seen in the graphs above, the top three negative experiences associated with sport and recreation are: • Getting injured (9.7%); • Being made fun of (9.4%); • Finding out about programmes too late (7.5%). The top three positive experiences are: • Making friends (74.0%); • Feeling comfortable (71.4%); • Feeling excited (71.2%). As can be seen by the percentages above, many more people identified with positive experiences, than those that identified with negative experiences. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 77 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 78 10.4 ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT AND RECREATION When compared across demographic groups, one finds that: As potential barriers and motivators, the survey also looked at attitudes towards sport and recreation. At a City level, stakeholders noted that sport and recreation are not given as much priority as services that are perceived to meet more basic needs. However, they all acknowledged the importance of sport and recreation for community and individual development and many felt that more priority and budget should be given to sport and recreation. • Gender: Slightly more women (90.9%) feel that sport and recreation are important compared to men (87.2%). • Age: Slightly more young adults (91.0%) feel that sport and recreation are important compared to middle-age adults (89.2%) and seniors (87.2%). • Race: More black residents (92.9%) feel that sport and recreation are important than Asian/Indian residents (89.4%), coloured residents (87.9%) and white residents (86.2%). • SES Index: Slightly more lower income households (90.4%) feel that sport and recreation are important compared to upper income households (88.2%). 10.4.1 Perceptions of importance of sport and recreation for communities As can be seen in Figure 86, the majority of households in Cape Town feel that sport and recreation are very important for communities in Cape Town. FIGURE 86: PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT AND RECREATION FOR COMMUNITIES IN CAPE TOWN 100% 79.6% 60% 100% 1.5% 1.0% 1.1% CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 72.0% 40% 13.1% 20% 9.7% 2.6% 1.0% 1.6% Don’t know 0% Not important at all This means that 10.7% of adult residents are not sure or do not feel that sport and recreation are important for communities in Cape Town. 60% Not very important Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Belief that sport and recreation is important for communities = 89.3% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS Don’t know Not important at all Not very important Neutral Somewhat important 0% Neutral 9.7% 7.2% Somewhat important 20% Very important 40% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 78 Even when asked to compare the importance of sport and recreation to other needs in their community, almost three out of every four households still rated sport and recreation as very important (see Figure 87). FIGURE 87: PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT AND RECREATION COMPARED TO OTHER NEEDS Very important PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS 80% 10.4.2 Perceptions of importance of sport and recreation compared to other needs SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 79 Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Belief that sport and recreation is important compared to other needs = 85.1% This means that 14.9% of adult residents are not sure or do not feel that sport and recreation are important compared to other needs. recreation is important compared to other needs. • Race: There was no significant difference across the groups. • SES Index: There was no significant difference between upper and lower income households. 10.4.3 Perceptions of benefits When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: As can be seen in Figure 88, residents ranked a range of ways that sport and recreation benefit communities in Cape Town. Overall, the top five benefits for more than half of the households are: • Gender: More women (87.9%) than men (81.8%) think that recreation is important compared to other needs. • Age: Slightly more middle-age adults (85.6%) than seniors (85.5%) or young adults (83.7%) think that 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Providing opportunities to enjoy the outdoors; Developing youth; Improving health and wellness; Bringing the community together; Creating a sense of pride in the community. FIGURE 88: BENEFITS OF SPORT AND RECREATION FOR COMMUNITIES 57.5% Providing opportunities to enjoy outdoors Developing youth 54.0% Improving health and wellness 53.7% Bringing the community together 53.5% Creating a sense of pride in your community 53.2% Providing opportunities for skills development 51.1% Providing educational opportunities 50.3% Protecting the natural environment 49.9% 49.3% Helping the elderly and people with disabilities 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 10.4.4 Levels of interest To further assess attitudes towards sport and recreation, residents were asked to rate their level of interest in: • Participating in City programmes; • Participation in recreation programmes organised by other organisations; • Volunteering for a recreation programme organised by the City. As can be seen in the table on the next page, very few residents said that they are not interested at all. Combining those that are somewhat and very excited, 62.6% are interested in City programmes, 63.2% are interested in other pro-grammes and 53.8% are interested in volunteering. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 79 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 80 When compared across demographic groups, one finds the following: • Gender: Slightly more men are interested in City programmes and volunteering, while slightly more women are interested in participating in programmes run by other organisations. • Age: More young adults were interested in participating in programmes run by the City and programmes run by other organisations, as well volunteering, than middle-age adults and seniors. • Race: Black residents were slightly less interested in participating in City programmes than the other race groups, but the most interested in volunteering for the City. • SES Index: Slightly more upper income households were interested in participating in City programmes, other programmes and volunteering than lower income households. TABLE 32: HOW RESIDENTS FEEL ABOUT PARTICIPATING OR VOLUNTEERING INRECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES Levels of Interest Don’t care at all Not very excited Neutral Somewhat excited Very excited Don’t know Participating in recreation programmes organised by the City 4.3% 9.7% 20.1% 23.0% 39.6% 3.3% Participating in recreation programmes organised by other organisations 3.3% 9.6% 20.2% 23.2% 40.0% 3.6% Volunteering for a recreation programme organised by the City 7.2% 11.9% 23.8% 19.0% 34.8% 3.3% SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 10.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 10 To summarise the main findings covered in Chapter 10: • Exercise, enjoyment and relaxation are among the top three reasons why adult residents participate in sport and recreation in Cape Town. • The most commonly mentioned barriers included personal and social reasons, as well as factors within the City’s mandate. Lack of facilities was the top reason for not participating across all demographic groups. • For children, play, enjoyment and relaxation are the top reasons for participating in sport and recreation. 80 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY • The majority of residents feel that sport and recreation are important for communities in Cape Town. This feeling remained strong even when compared to other needs in the City. • Residents feel that the main benefits of sport and recreation are: providing opportunities to enjoy the outdoors; developing youth; improving health and wellness; bringing communities together; and creating a sense of pride in communities. • Just over 50% of residents are interested in participating in City programmes and volunteering for the City. 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 81 CASE STUDY 5 Delft District 4 SES Index - 60.81 Delft is located in SRA District 4 and has an SES Index of 60.81, which places it in the category of lower income communities. Delft is a good example of a community where numerous social problems create barriers to participation in recreation, combined with a lack of facilities and a lack of information about recreational programmes. In terms of social problems, focus group participants highlighted that unemployment is a huge issue in the Delft community. According to the residents, many people would rather look for jobs than worry about recreation activities and facilities. However, for those that are interested in pursuing recreational activities, accessibility is a further problem. The focus group participants indicated that there are certain groups within the community who claim ownership of sports fields, halls, playgrounds, etc. When other residents want to use these facilities, they need to get the permission from these groups to utilise the facilities. In some cases, they also have to pay an affiliation fee to these groups/boards in order to use the facilities in the community. When asked who these boards/groups are, the participants were unable to give a name or description of who sits on the board or belongs to these groups. One participant highlighted that in some instances recreation and sporting facilities are controlled by gangs, who also demand payment to use the facility. 1 In addition to issues of access, it was further noted that children do not participate in recreation activities because: 5 2 4 3 6 • They are not aware of the recreation activities taking place within the community (only the “select few” are aware). • There is a lack of recreation facilities in the area, including a lack of equipment (according to the participants, there are only two recreation facilities in Delft). • The programmes provided are not the programmes children want to participate in. SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 5 As a result of limited recreational facilities and activities, Delft participants stressed that children in their community are sitting on the street corners doing nothing, except drugs and drinking (and can often be found in the shebeens and/or taverns). It was also noted that because of the drug problem in the area, children steal from their parents (household items, money, etc) in order to feed their addiction. DISTRICT 6 In addition to the drug and alcohol problems preventing children from participating in recreation activities, participants said that it is dangerous for the youth to participate, as these activities take place quite late, at times, and they have to walk home in the dark. Many have no money for travelling. RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 81 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 82 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 11 Desired Interventions The following chapter will discuss the desired interventions that residents would like to see in their communities. This will be explained in terms of ways to encourage participation in sport and recreation, as well as specific suggestions for preferred types of facilities, programmes, operating hours and communication channels. In the 2009/10 Community Satisfaction Survey, Cape Town residents ranked a list of initiatives in terms of development priorities for the City. Recreation facilities were not included in the list provided to them. However, as discussed in the previous chapter, other social problems have a significant impact on participation in sport and recreation. The top two priorities for the past three years have been creating jobs and preventing crime.94 Both of these needs were identified by the Recreation Survey respondents and focus group participants as well. Comments by stakeholders will be included at the end of this chapter. 82 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 11.1 ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS As can be seen in Figure 89 on the next page, the top five ways to encourage participation among adult residents are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Have programmes for all ages; Make areas safer; Introduce programmes the community wants; Improve the condition of facilities; Make programmes and facilities more accessible. These findings are compared by demographic groups in Appendix 4. Across the demographic groups, there is general agreement on preferred ways to encourage participation. However, there are a few exceptions: • White and upper income residents did not rank ‘make the area safer’ in the top five. • Senior and Asian/Indian residents included ‘marketing programmes better’ in the top five. 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 83 FIGURE 89: PREFERRED WAYS TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION AMONG ADULTS Have programmes for all ages 91.8% Make the area safer 91.0% Introduce programmes that the community wants 90.6% Improve the condition of the facilities 90.6% Make programmes and facilities more accessible 90.4% Involve more community members 88.9% Market the programmes better 88.9% Improve the skills of the City staff 86.4% Reduce the costs for hiring facilities 86.0% Change in operational hours 80.3% Offer food as incentive for participating 70.3% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.2 ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION AMONG CHILDREN 11.3 DESIRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES According to their caretakers, children can be encouraged to participate in sport and recreation in very similar ways to adults. As can be seen in the graph below, the top five ways to encourage participation among children are: Overall, the top five facilities that residents would most like to have in their communities are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Have programmes for all ages; Improve the condition of the facilities; Introduce programmes the community wants; Make the area safer; Make programmes and facilities more accessible. These are the same top five as those identified for adults, although in a slightly different order. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Multi-use game areas; Swimming pool; Community hall or recreation centre; Sports field; Parks. While these top five are fairly consistent across all demographic groups, one finds some differences in terms of their order of priority (see tables on the next page). FIGURE 90: PREFERRED WAYS TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION AMONG CHILDREN Have programmes for all ages 93.5% 93.2% 93.1% 93.0% 92.9% 92.2% 91.5% 90.8% 88.9% 85.3% Improve the condition of the facilities Introduce programmes that the community wants Make the area safer Make programmes and facilities more accessible Involve more community members Market the programs better Reduce the costs for hiring facilities Improve the skills of the City staff Change in operational hours 80.6% Offer food as an incentive for participating 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 83 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 84 In terms of desired programmes, the top five that residents would most like to have are: FIGURE 91: DESIRED FACILITIES Multi-use game areas 27.1% Swimming pool 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 15.6% Community hall 12.9% Sports field 12.2% Parks 9.3% Play areas 5.3% Golf courses 5.0% Other 3.0% Tennis court 2.9% Picnic facilities 2.9% Basketball court 1.7% Boating facilities 1.2% Fishing piers 0.8% 0% Interestingly, even though many people are involved in more formal sport activities (see Chapter 6), sports like cricket, soccer and netball only came a bit further down the list. The tables below provide a breakdown of the top five preferred facilities and programmes for each demographic group. (Additional tables with percentages are included in Appendix 4). 20% 40% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 92: DESIRED PROGRAMMES Health and Fitness Come and Play Arts and Crafts Games for seniors Music Cricket Soccer Dance Ball games Learn to swim Netball Street soccer Dominoes Cards Inside and outside Gym Indigenous games Slippery slides Egg and spoon races Beach games Obstacle courses Face painting Rugby Other 46.2% 43.7% 36.5% 27.2% 22.6% 22.0% 20.6% 20.3% 17.1% 17.0% 13.8% 10.5% 7.4% 6.8% 6.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.4% 5.4% 5.0% 4.7% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 0% 20% Health and fitness; Come and Play; Arts and crafts; Games for seniors; Music. 40% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS 60% 11.3.1 Gender comparison Although men and women ranked their first and second choice in facilities the same (see tables below), one significant difference between them is that more men included golf courses in their top five facilities, where as women would prefer parks. Men also ranked sports field higher than women, where as more women prefer a community hall or resource centre. TABLE 33: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR WOMEN five facilities # Top for women: # Top five programmes for women: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Games for seniors Music Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Community hall or resource centre Parks Sports field SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 34: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR MEN five facilities # Top for men: # Top five programmes for men: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Games for seniors Cricket Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Sports field Community hall or recreation centre Golf courses SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 84 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 85 11.3.2 Age comparison All three age groups selected the same top five facilities although in a slightly different order of priority. TABLE 35: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR YOUNG ADULTS five facilities # Top for young adults: Top five # programmes for young adults: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Sports field Community hall or recreation centre Parks Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Music Dance SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 36: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR MIDDLE-AGE ADULTS Top five facilities for middle# age adults: Top five # programmes for middle-age adults: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Community hall or recreation centre Sports field Parks Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Games for seniors Cricket SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 37: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR SENIORS # Top five facilities for seniors: Top five # programmes for seniors: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Community hall or recreation centre Parks Swimming pool Sports field Games for seniors Come and Play Arts and crafts Health and fitness Cricket SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.3.3 Race comparison There were more striking differences between the race groupings than any of the other demographic groups. To note two examples – black residents were the only ones to rank sports field number one, while white and Asian/Indian residents included golf courses in their top five. TABLE 38: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR BLACK RESIDENTS # Top five facilities for black residents: Top five # programmes for black residents: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Sports field Swimming pool Community hall or resource centre Multi-use game areas Parks Health and fitness Arts and crafts Soccer Come and Play Music SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 39: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR COLOURED RESIDENTS # Top five facilities for coloured residents: Top five # programmes for coloured residents: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Community hall or resource centre Sports field Parks Come and Play Health and fitness Arts and crafts Games for seniors Cricket SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 40: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR WHITE RESIDENTS # Top five facilities for white residents: Top five # programmes for white residents: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Parks Community hall or resource centre Golf courses Health and fitness Arts and crafts Come and Play Games for seniors Music SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 41: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR ASIAN/INDIAN RESIDENTS # Top five facilities for Asian/Indian residents: Top five for # programmes Asian/Indian residents: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Multi-use game areas Golf courses Parks Sports field Tennis courts Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Cricket Music SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 85 10:08 AM Page 86 11.3.4 SES Index comparison FIGURE 93: PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR PROGRAMMES # Top five programmes for lower income households: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Soccer Music Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Sports field Community hall or recreation centre Parks SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 43: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS five facilities for upper # Top income households: # Top five programmes for upper income households: 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Games for seniors Music Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Community hall or recreation centre Parks Sports field 60% 40% 20% 0% 15.1% 12.1% 0.7% 2.4% Late at night five facilities for lower # Top income households: 69.6% Evening TABLE 42: PREFERRED FACILITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS 80% Afternoon PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS Lower income and upper income households ranked the same top five preferred facilities, although the order of preference varied slightly. Morning 1/28/11 Early morning 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 in the early morning before work. Also slightly more men (17.2%) would prefer programmes in the evening than women (13.4%). Appendix 4 contains a full table with percentages. In addition to their preferred time of day, residents were also asked to indicate the characteristics that are most important for them in sport and recreational programmes (see Figure 95). The top five characteristics, in order of importance are: SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.4 PREFERENCES FOR PROGRAMMES For the majority of residents (69.6%), the preferred time of day for recreation programmes is afternoon. Evening is the next most preferred time for about one in seven residents. When compared across demographic groups one finds very little variation, except that slightly more black residents (3.8%) and lower income households (3.3%) would prefer programmes FIGURE 94: UNDER 9 SOCCER, RYGATE (SOURCE: SRA) 86 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Physical and mental fitness; Done for enjoyment and relaxation; Involves other communities; Mass involvement of the community; Formal codes and rules. These did not differ significantly across the demographic groups (see Appendix 4), with the exception of white residents, who did not include ‘mass involvement of the community’ in their top five preferred components. 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 87 FIGURE 95: PREFERRED ASPECTS OF SPORT AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES Physical and mental fitness 94.0% Done for enjoyment and relaxation 94.0% Involves other communities 90.4% Mass involvement from the community 89.6% Formal codes and rules 87.9% Limited number of people involved 73.8% Competitive 71.5% Non-competitive 67.9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.5 PREFERRED COMMUNICATION CHANNELS According to the 2009/10 Community Satisfaction Survey, residents prefer to receive information about what the municipality is doing via community newspapers (61%), word of mouth (45%) and pamphlets (40%). For lower income communities, meetings in their area were also noted as a preferred communication channel.95 11.6 PREFERRED PARTNERS Survey respondents were asked to indicate potential partners for the Department of Sport and Recreation. These suggestions are included in the district reports, as well as district preferences for communication channels. As can be seen in the graph on the next page, preferences for communication about recreational programmes and facilities differ from how residents prefer to receive other information from the municipality (according to the Community Satisfaction Survey). The top five preferred methods of communication are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Street posters or billboards; Radio programmes; Word of mouth; Television programmes; Print media. A comparison by demographic groups can be found in Appendix 4. FIGURE 96: HIV AIDS AWARENESS IN WYNBERG (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 87 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 88 FIGURE 97: PREFERRED CHANNELS FOR RECEIVING INFORMATION ABOUT RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND FACILITIES Street posters or billboards 89.2% Radio programmes 87.2% Word of mouth 85.1% Television programmes 83.0% Print 82.6% Community meetings 82.0% Door to door visits 79.4% 74.7% Direct mail 70.7% Via SMS 55.2% Electronic 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 11.7 SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS BY STAKEHOLDERS The internal and external stakeholders that were interviewed had a range of suggestions for increasing participation and improving on the recreational services provided to Cape Town residents. • “If you want more people involved, you would either need more volunteers (or human resources) or you would need more equipment.”104 • “Businesses should get involved through sponsorships.”105 A common thread through these comments is the emphasis on partnerships, health and education. 11.7.1 Promoting recreation 11.7.2 Improving programmes The following suggestions were made for promoting recreation generally: • “In terms of strategies, the City needs to collaborate more with the District Sports Councils and the Facility Management Committees.”96 • “[Help] people to get one thing they want to do and adopt it in their lifestyle.”97 • “Have a ‘month for recreation’ annually.”98 • “People need to feel like they are playing in a safe environment. There needs to be visible policing.”99 • “Make people more aware of the link between physical activity and health.”100 • “There needs to be an awareness campaign around the benefits of recreational programmes.”101 • “Engage with communities and show them recreation leads to a healthy lifestyle.”102 • “We need a strategy to speak to both young and old.”103 88 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY When it comes to programmes, stakeholders made the following suggestions: • “We should not have once-off activities. We need programmes that speak to people and to their reality.”106 • “Get high schools involved, for example, involve pupils as volunteers.”107 • “We should also focus on adults (particularly, senior citizens).”108 • “The City should make material available to the community at large which informs them on activities happening, where they can go and when the activities take place.”109 • “We need community-specific interventions looking at existing sporting codes and activities.”110 • “Engage other departments – for example, if it’s a reading programme, get the libraries involved.”111 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 89 The key themes running through these comments are sustainability, community and volunteer involvement and community-specific interventions, utilising partnerships with other departments. 11.7.3 Improving facilities Stakeholders made several comments with regards to improving facilities, including the following: • “Facilities should be used to generate income – which goes back to the community.”112 • “We must be able to compare our facilities internationally.”113 • “Make an effort to get kids and women back into our community centres.”114 • “We have to make sure that wherever we build houses, through the integrated human settlements, space should be made for fields.”115 Overall, stakeholders were concerned that facilities be integrated within communities, used optimally for all target audiences and maintained according to high standards. 11.7.4 Empowering recreation staff The following comments capture the key suggestions made by stakeholders with regard to empowering recreation staff: • “The training of city officials should include: implementation of activities; how to engage communities and a shift in mindset – that we are serving the community.”116 • “We need to get to know the community needs and tackle social issues through implementing developmental programmes... We need to speak to the community.”117 The main emphasis in these and other comments regarding recreation staff is on the need for training and community engagement. FIGURE 98: SEA POINT POOL (SOURCE: SRA) 11.8 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 11 To summarise the findings discussed in Chapter 11: • The majority of residents feel that the best ways to encourage participation among adults and children are to have programmes for all ages, make the area safer, introduce programmes the community wants, improve the conduction of facilities and make programmes and facilities more accessible. • Overall, the facilities most sought after by residents are: multi-use game areas, swimming pools, community halls, sports fields and parks. These were ranked slightly differently depending on the demographic group. • The top five preferred programmes are: health and fitness, Come and Play, arts and crafts, games for seniors and music. These varied according to demographic groups, with some groups also including soccer, cricket and dance in their top five. • Across all demographic groups, the majority of residents prefer afternoon for recreation programmes. • Residents also prefer programmes that contribute to physical and mental fitness, provide enjoyment and relaxation, involve other communities, involve mass involvement in their community and utilise formal codes and rules. • The preferred communication channels for receiving information about sport and recreation are: street posters and billboards, radio programmes, word of mouth, television programmes and print media. • A range of suggestions were made by stakeholders regarding ways to promote recreation, improvements to programmes, improvements to facilities and ways to empower recreation staff. FIGURE 99: RECREATION FESTIVAL IN PRINCESS VLEI (SOURCE: SRA) FIGURE 100: KHULANI BEACH SOCCER, SPORTING CHANCE, 2008 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 89 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 90 CASE STUDY 6 Khayelitsha District 3 SES Index - 66.29 Located in District 3, with an SES Index of 66.29, Site B in Khayelitsha provides an excellent case study of an area where residents are passionate about the interventions they would like to see in their community but very aware of the barriers as well. According to one focus group participant, “There is an overwhelming desire for the kids to take part in sports here, but there are no facilities for them.” Qualifying the comment slightly, another participant pointed out that there is a community hall, but the main need is for fields and equipment. They noted that, currently, residents in Site B have to cross the railway lines to play on a makeshift field, in contrast to other areas in Khayelitsha that have fields and multiple facilities. Despite the lack of fields in Site B, residents are using the hall for a range of activities including: basketball, boxing, karate, soccer, ballroom dance, dominoes, music, poetry, cricket and Frisbee. One participant said that he helps around the hall to make sure that no crimes take place while young people are engaged in activities. The participants noted that most popular programmes are soccer and drama. However, access to the hall is sometimes a problem. The focus group participants noted that the caretaker of the hall lives far away from Khayelitsha, which limits the ability of community members to access the facility. Further, it was noted that residents have to pay R150 per hour to rent the facility, creating the impression that “the government has built the hall to make money.” 1 5 2 4 3 6 SRA DISTRICTS DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 The fact that many residents of Khayelitsha are unemployed makes it very difficult for them to afford the rental fees. Poverty and unemployment also prevent many residents from being involved in physical activities at all. According to one participant, “There are quite a lot of people who do not take part in sports in Site B. If I were to estimate, I would say that only 40% of people take part in sports, while 60% do not. I would say the biggest reason for people not taking up sport is because they are busy looking for jobs.” Despite the social challenges, residents have gotten creative when it comes to recreation. According to one participant, “Recreation is something you create yourself – a reinvention.” Programmes are currently run by the people who started them. Thus, participants indicated that they do not need any new programmes. They feel that they have enough programmes. Rather, if they were given money, they would use it to upgrade their recreation and sport facilities, maintain the facilities and purchase equipment for their existing programmes. Other suggested interventions included: • • • • • • More fields to play soccer; More rooms in the hall for a gym, for sewing and for other activities; An indoor soccer facility; A place for police presence nearby; Government to demand weekly or monthly reports from the managers of facilities; Use local labour to upgrade the facilities and the security around the facilities. DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 5 DISTRICT 6 90 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY The focus group participants were very optimistic about the positive impact that such interventions could have in their community. According to one resident, “Sports have the potential of building the name of Khayelitsha from its current negative associations with crime to a more positive one.” According to another, “We love sport in this community and I believe uptake [of sport and recreation] could be tremendously improved with the assistance of Sports and Recreation. I also think sport could be used as a great tool to rebuild the image of Khayelitsha.” 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 91 FIGURE 106: SURFING AT LLANDUDNO (SOURCE: SRA) 12 KPI Scorecard and Stakeholder Feedback The following chapter presents a summary of the KPIs discussed in this report. 12.1 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS This is followed by additional comments from stakeholders regarding the future indicators to measure impact, necessary components for a successful recreation strategy and the desired role they wish to see the City playing in sport and recreation. Prior to the survey and the focus groups, the research team agreed upon a set of key performance indicators with the departmental project team, keeping in mind that the aim of the study was to measure participation levels, satisfaction levels, barriers and motivators. TABLE 44: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR ADULT HEALTH AND PARTICIPATION KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION Adult Health and Participation Participate in physical activities in spare time (i.e. when bored) 24.6% Participate in sport and/or recreation 27.1% Belong to a sport club or team 7.6% Rate self as healthy 60.2% Belong to a gym 10.5% Regularly engage in physical exercise 36.9% 24.6 75.4 27.1 72.9 7.6 92.4 60.2 10.5 39.8 89.5 36.9 63.1 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 91 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 92 TABLE 45: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION Children’s Participation Participate in physical activities in spare time (i.e. when bored) 45.9% Participate in sport and/or recreation 66.4% Belong to a sport club or team 21.5% Regularly engage in physical activity 62.2% 54.1 45.9 66.4 33.6 78.5 21.5 62.2 37.8 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 46: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR PARTICIPATION AND SATISFACTION IN CITY PROGRAMMES KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION City Programmes Participated in City programmes in past year 5.3% 94.7 5.3 Overall satisfaction with City programmes 56.3% 56.3 43.7 Satisfied with programmes’ ability to meet community needs 55.2% 55.2 44.8 Satisfied with programmes’ cost 58.5% Satisfied with City’s marketing for programmes 53.5% Satisfied with the time of day programmes are offered 58.0% 58.5 53.5 58.0 41.5 46.5 42.0 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 FIGURE 101: KAYAKING AT PRINCESS VLEI (SOURCE: SRA) 92 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 93 TABLE 47: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR KNOWLEDGE OF AND SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION Sport and Recreation Facilities 97.8 2.2 Knowledge of facilities in community 97.8% Perception that facilities are benefiting the community 49.0% Overall satisfaction with facilities 54.5% 54.5 45.5 Satisfied with facility’s size 59.4% 59.4 40.6 Satisfied with facility’s cost 46.6% Satisfied with facility’s cleanliness/ maintenance 58.4% Satisfied with facility’s management 51.9% Satisfied with facility’s location 60.6% Satisfied with facility’s opening and closing times 57.9% 57.9 42.1 Satisfied with facility’s booking procedures 48.6% 48.6 51.4 Satisfied with facility’s accessibility for wheelchairs 52.7% 49.0 51.0 46.6 53.4 58.4 41.6 51.9 48.1 60.6 39.4 52.7 47.3 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 48: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR KNOWLEDGE OF AND SATISFACTION WITH RECREATION STAFF KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION Recreation Staff Knowledge of who to speak to about programmes 18.4% Have interacted with recreation staff 15.1% Overall satisfaction with recreation staff 59.6% Satisfied with ability of recreation staff to develop programmes 50.5% Satisfied with availability of recreation staff 62.2% Satisfied with skills of recreation staff 57.3% Satisfied with attitude of recreation staff towards the public 68.7% 81.6 18.4 15.1 84.9 59.6 50.5 40.4 49.5 62.2 57.3 37.8 42.7 68.7 31.3 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 93 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 94 TABLE 49: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) FOR ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORT AND RECREATION KPI DOING WELL NEEDS ATTENTION Attitudes towards Sport and Recreation Belief that recreation is important 89.3% Belief that recreation is important compared to other needs 85.1% Interested in participating in City programmes 62.6% 62.6 37.4 Interested in participating in other recreation programmes 63.2% 63.2 36.8 Interested in volunteering 53.8% 89.3 10.7 85.1 53.8 14.9 46.2 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 12.2 MEASURING IMPACT For the future, it will be important for the Department to measure the impact that the City is having on communities as a result of recreational facilities and programmes. To measure this impact, stakeholders proposed the following indicators: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Number of staff with the right expertise.118 Number of facilities that are conducive to growth.119 Community participation.120 Usage of facilities.121 Behavioural changes (for example, gangsterism).122 Social changes (for example, moral values).123 A more healthy society (for example, physical condition, decrease in the usage of medical services, etc.)124 Whether people are having fun.125 How many people are physically active on a regular basis.126 The types of awareness programmes the Department is running for recreation.127 Level of community buy-in.128 Skills development. 129 Increase in sport.130 Types of marketing.131 In addition to quantitative indicators, a few stakeholders recommended that individuals should be tracked on a case by case basis starting as early as pre-school. This type of longitudinal study would also be required for outcomes-based indicators, linking recreation programmes to reductions in crime, teenage pregnancy, etc. through sport and recreation. 94 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 12.3 DEVELOPING A SUCCESSFUL RECREATION STRATEGY The stakeholders also provided a list of the most important components of a successful recreation strategy. According to one stakeholder, “We need a focused approach so that everyone understands what we are talking about when we say ‘recreation’ – and that we approach it in the same way and have the same type of goals.”132 Keeping this in mind, the following components were recommended. A successful recreation strategy must be based on: • As small a gap as possible between the council and the community.133 • Youth leader involvement (representative of youth organisations).134 • Sports administrations (for example, community sport leaders).135 • Inclusiveness of all stakeholder groups.136 • Research to find out what are the prevalent activities.137 • Facilities that are safe, clean and conducive for recreational activities, preferably multi-purpose facilities.138 • Education to show people the importance of recreation and/or exercise.139 • Focus on family.140 • Built on enjoyment, plan and fun – non-competitive and educational.141 • Very clear focus on recreation and its benefits.142 • Identification of beneficiaries and service delivery agents.143 • Capable of capacity building through: – General awareness about the role of sport and recreation. – Skills development. 6. CCT Report-10>12 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 10:08 AM Page 95 • “There should be a definitive shift from being implementers to enablers.”151 • “A facilitative role with a reliance on role players.”152 Some felt the City’s primary role should be as provider. For example: • “They must stay provider of recreational facilities in partnership with community leaders.”153 • “It will have to be a provider. There is no one else who will do it.”154 Others felt the City show be both a facilitator and a provider, as illustrated below: FIGURE 102: WORLD ROPE SKIPPING CHAMPS, 2008 (SOURCE: SRA) • • • • • • • • – Broad community development. – Mobilising resources to provide jobs.144 Knowledge of what happens to people after they participate.145 Ability to answer the question – why are we doing what we are doing?146 Buy-in from community and the will of the politicians (particularly financial support). Programmes that address community needs.147 Sustainability. Relevance to all age groups. Teamwork through recreation activities that touch the social fibre of communities.148 Address social challenges through recreation using tools such as: facilities, staff, programmes and education.149 12.4 THE CITY’S ROLE • “The City should provide facilities and through this encourage mass participation, facilitate the movement into sport from recreation, create an environment conducive for recreation.”155 • “Certain things they could facilitate, but also provide. They need to educate the community so that the community can become providers.”156 • “Initially they should be actual providers, but provide spaces for sustainability, that is, sustainable recreational activities/programmes. These should be managed by the Facilities Management Committee and monitored by the City – the City thus having an oversight role.”157 • “A facilitative role – and a provider to communities that don’t have access.”158 • “It would depend on the situation. The City should also be a coordinator, with many other role players.”159 The wide range of answers suggests that in developing a recreation strategy it would be useful to workshop the subject of the City’s role in more depth with key internal and external stakeholders. In addition to commenting on successful components of a recreation strategy for Cape Town, stakeholders were asked whether they see the City’s role as a facilitator of recreation (i.e. to create a conducive environment for sport and recreation and encourage collaboration between schools, NGOs, churches, etc.) or as a provider of recreation (i.e. to provide facilities and programmes for communities). The responses were mixed. Some felt the City should play more of a facilitative role, as illustrated in the comments below: • “It should be facilitative, to empower communities within the guidelines.”150 FIGURE 103: WOMEN’S BEACH WALK, STRAND BEACH 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 95 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 96 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 13 Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from the findings of the recreation study: 13.1 Many Cape Town residents, including children, live sedentary lives and rarely participate in sport and recreation, which has serious consequences on physical, mental and social health. Although most residents view themselves as fairly healthy, more than 75% do not participate in physical activities in their spare time and more than 60% do not engage in physical exercise regularly (i.e. three to five times a week for 30 minutes). More children are physically active than adults according to their caretakers, but still more than 50% are sedentary in their spare time. Overall, only 27.1% adults participate in a sport or recreation activity and only 66.4% of children. Among adults, the percentage is even lower for women, seniors, black, coloured and Asian/Indian residents and lower income households. An emphasis thus needs to be placed on getting more adults and children involved and on educating residents on the important link between health and physical activity. As mentioned in the introduction of this report, sedentary lifestyles among adults and children have a serious 96 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY impact on physical, mental and social health. This suggests that recreation is not just a ‘nice-to-have’ but an essential service for the health of the City. 13.2 The majority of Cape Town residents, across race, gender, age and socioeconomic status, expressed a desire for more recreation opportunities in their communities. As discussed in Chapter 10, many residents identified health, development, opportunities to enjoy the outdoors and community building as the key benefits of sport and recreation for their communities. More than 70% ranked sport and recreation as very important compared to their other needs. Most residents desire more informal recreation opportunities for all ages at a community level, rather than formal sport. They want recreation activities to be used to build their communities, to address social problems and to connect them with other communities through friendly competitions. Access and upgrades to existing facilities and sportsgrounds, as well as more multi-use game areas and swimming pools were some of the top items on their ‘wish list’. Rather than deciding for communities, the SRA takes these pref- 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 97 erences seriously and will use the feedback to develop programmes and allocate its limited resources in ways that are in line with what communities want and need. This is most likely linked to the increased attention given to stadiums leading up to the 2010 World Cup. 13.5 The demographic profile and responses of the survey respondents suggest factors that influence their involvement in sport and recreation. Due to the significant differences that were found in participation levels and preferences across demographic groups, it is important to keep the demographics of Cape Town in mind when planning interventions. Overall, there are slightly more female residents than males, more coloured residents than black, white or Asian/Indian residents and among adults, more adults falling in the 26 to 59 year-old age bracket than young adults or seniors. Other factors also affect participation levels: FIGURE 104 : CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2009 (SOURCE: SRA) 13.3 More priority needs to be given to recreation at national, provincial and local government levels. Given the feedback from residents and the limited resources available to the SRA, it is evident that more priority needs to be given to community-based sport and recreation at national, provincial and local government levels. While many national and provincial documents express support for sport and recreation, few policies discuss recreation in terms of ways to increase participation levels across different demographic groups. The City of Cape Town views sport and recreation as a “vital developmental tool” but this needs to be given feet through increased prioritisation right through to a national level. • Disability: Approximately one in twenty residents have some type of physical disability, with the most common being physical, communication, hearing or chronic illness. • Social problems: The most common social problems that were identified in communities are robbery, poverty and drug abuse. These have a significant impact on participation in sport and recreation, particularly in terms of safety, ability to afford programmes or rental fees, time and health/well-being. • Transport: Less than a third of residents have access to a car or some form of personal transport, which also makes accessing recreational opportunities a challenge. 13.6 Participation in particular sport and recreation activities appears to vary significantly by demographic group, which confirms the need to pay attention to these differences while also looking for ways to find common ground and thereby increase social cohesion and integration through sport and recreation. 13.7 13.4 Compared to other City services, satisfaction levels with recreation services and facilities have not increased over the past three years, suggesting the need for more prioritisation at a City level. While overall satisfaction with City services has risen over the past three years (according to the City’s annual Community Satisfaction Survey), stadiums are the only facilities falling under the Department of Sport and Recreation where residents perceive an improvement. Preferred activities vary significantly by demographic group. There is a large untapped market for City programmes, since the majority of residents have not participated in a City programme in the past year. Only about one in twenty residents said they have participated in a City programme in the past year. This means that there is a large percentage of residents (95%) that are not yet benefiting from such programmes. Of those who have participated in City programmes, approximately 56% rated them positively. Looking at the negative ratings, the key areas for concern were with RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 97 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 98 the marketing of programmes and the ability of the programmes to meet community needs. More marketing would also help reach those residents who are not aware of City programmes in their communities. Lack of facilities was mentioned first by all demographic groups, followed by lack of money for all groups except white and Asian/Indian residents. Lack of time and unsuitable facilities were also frequently mentioned. 13.8 The wide range of barriers suggests that the Department needs to take a multi-pronged approach in dealing with things that are within its power, like facilities, as well as helping people deal with the barriers in their personal lives. Most residents are aware of the facilities in their community but do not feel that these facilities are benefiting the community as much as they could. While most residents (97.8%) said they are aware of recreation facilities in their community, an analysis of the number of facilities per SRA district compared to population statistics revealed that the number of facilities does not always correspond proportionally with the number of households. For example, the district with the most households (District 3) has the second lowest percentage of facilities. In terms of attitudes towards sport and recreation, more than 60% of residents are interested in participating in City programmes and just over 50% are interested in In terms of usage, the facilities that residents said they use most often are community halls, sports fields and parks. However, only 49% of residents feel that these facilities are currently benefiting their community. Slightly more residents are satisfied with the size, upkeep and location and of the facilities, but expressed more concern in both the survey and the focus groups over the cost, management, booking procedures and wheelchair accessibility of the facilities. FIGURE 105 : BOARD GAMES FOR THE ELDERLY IN BLUE DOWNS 2010 (SOURCE: SRA) 13.9 Only a few residents have interacted with recreation staff in their communities. About half of these residents rated recreation staff positively. Less than one in five residents know who to speak to in their community about sport and recreation and even fewer have interacted with recreation staff. This suggests that even though the Department has play leaders, recreation officers and facility officers on the ground, they are not visible to residents. 13.11 While interventions must vary significantly depending on the needs of each community, there were some common trends across all residents in terms of desired programmes, facilities and approaches to recreation. However, of the small percentage of residents that have interacted with recreation staff, they rated them slightly more positively than programmes and facilities. Almost 70% are satisfied with their attitude towards the public. The main areas of concern are their ability to develop programmes and their level of relevant skills. The majority of residents said that the best ways to encourage participation among residents in Cape Town is to: 13.10 The barriers and motivators that prevent or encourage participation in sport and recreation include both external factors and personal reasons. For both adults and children, enjoyment and exercise are key reasons why they engage in sport and recreation. Likewise, very similar barriers were identified for both. 98 volunteering. This still leaves a fairly substantial portion of residents that need to be ‘won over’ by the City. CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY • • • • • Have programmes for all ages. Make communities safer. Introduce programmes the community wants. Improve the condition of facilities. Make programmes and facilities more accessible. There were not substantial differences across the demographic groups, except that white and upper income residents did not rank ‘making areas safer’ in the top five and senior and Asian/Indian residents included ‘marketing programmes’ in the top five. 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 99 Overall, residents would most like to have the following facilities in their communities: multi-use game areas, swimming pools, community halls, sports fields and parks. Chapter 10 provides a breakdown of the way these were prioritised slightly differently depending on the demographic group, which further confirms the need to tailor interventions to specific communities and target groups. However, the preferences for programmes were surprisingly consistent across demographic groups. Most residents would like to have health and fitness, Come and Play, arts and crafts, games for seniors and music in their communities, while some also mentioned soccer and cricket. This shows a preference for both physical activities, as well as less physical activities. For most residents, the preferred time of day for programmes is afternoon. Most residents would like to receive information about sport and recreation via street posters or billboards, radio programmes, word of mouth, television programmes or print media. 13.12 The survey has confirmed the need for ongoing research in the field of sport and recreation and a continuation of the work that the SRA is already doing. With the exception of the HSRC’s 2008 study of recreation on a national level, the desktop review revealed that very little research has been done at a provincial or metropolitan level in the field of sport and recreation in South Africa. This study is a first for the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities in the Western Cape and will be used to inform policies and the implementation of programmes. The SRA is committed to using this baseline to measure progress on a yearly basis. It also has a number of other initiatives in progress, including an information management system to track usage at specific facilities, membership lists and summer versus winter participation levels, just to name a few. 13.14 Reviewing international case studies can provide valuable lessons for the Department of Sport and Recreation in Cape Town. Some of the key themes that emerged from the international case studies in Chapter 2 bear significant relevance for the Department of Sport and Recreation. They confirm that low participation in physical activities is a global challenge, but provide hope that countries and municipalities can successfully increase participation levels through a range of interventions. These include: • Constructing additional facilities that are more accessible to the community (Botswana); • Implementing health and wellness programmes through sport and recreation (Botswana); • Being aware of societal gender roles and the impact these have on participation (Singapore); • Involving young people through partnerships with schools and their active involvement in decision making (Ireland); • Providing the Department with objectives that aim to maintain and ensure participation levels among a range of target groups (Wales). These are just a few of many lessons that can be learned from recreation studies in other countries. 13.15 The study confirmed the need for partnerships between the SRA and other Departments, organisations and experts in the field. The main aim of the study was to gain firsthand feedback from communities, which is why less emphasis was initially placed on speaking to stakeholders in the field of sport and recreation. However, now that the SRA has the community voice, the Department is keen to engage with experts, community leaders and other stakeholders on how to go about implementing the necessary changes and interventions. The findings confirmed that partnerships are essential for the growth and development of sport and recreation in the City and province. 13.13 The survey has also confirmed the importance of agreeing upon a working definition of sport and recreation. Given the wide range of definitions available, the main goal in agreeing upon a definition is to make sure that it fits for the particular context, work and approach of the Department. A suggested definition, based on the findings from the survey and discussions with practitioners and experts, is included in the recommendations. FIGURE 106 : GREENPOINT STADIUM (SOURCE: SRA) RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 99 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 100 FIGURE 7: YOUNG SPORTS FAN AT RECREATION FESTIVAL IN MITCHELLS PLAIN (SOURCE: SRA) 14 Recommendations Based on the feedback from residents in Cape Town and the stakeholders that were interviewed, the following recommendations are made: 14.1 To encourage more active lifestyles among adults and children, increase participation in sport and recreation through a social marketing campaign aimed at knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. To encourage participation in physical activities, a social marketing approach would be ideal because it addresses knowledge, behaviour, attitudes and environmental factors. • Distributing educational pamphlets. • Linking communities with each other through competitive or non-competitive activities. Based on the feedback from residents, it is essential that such a campaign should be accompanied with visible changes to programmes and facilities. 14.2 A campaign could include: • Engaging communities by finding sport and recreation champions in each community. • Encouraging inactive residents to find one new thing that they really like to do that gets them physically active. • Having a ‘recreation month’ and other events to promote sport and recreation. 100 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY Focus on informal recreation that builds communities rather than primarily on formal sport. Based on the wants and needs expressed by residents, the SRA should focus on providing informal recreation opportunities that build communities and provide opportunities for engagement with other communities across all age groups. 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 14.3 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 101 Advocate for sport and recreation to be given more priority and concrete action through national, provincial and City policies. While policy can at times feel remote and too theoretical, it has significant influence in the allocation of budgets and other resources. Although it is situated in local government, the SRA should advocate for the prioritisation of recreation in concrete terms right through to national levels. 14.4 Prioritise recreation alongside the City’s other essential services. When considering ways to increase satisfaction levels, the City should support initiatives that will improve recreation services and facilities. In its annual satisfaction survey, it should also seek to provide opportunities for residents to rank recreation facilities and services against other services. 14.5 Address social problems that affect participation in sport and recreation through partnerships with other departments and other organisations that provide community services. As discussed in the demographics chapter, the survey and focus groups confirmed that social problems have a big impact on participation levels. The SRA should thus look at partnering with other departments and organisations in addressing issues particularly related to safety, unemployment and health. 14.6 Plan according to the preferences expressed by different demographic groups but look for ways to increase social cohesion and integration. In developing its strategies, the SRA should keep in mind the differences that exist across demographic groups, particularly in terms of participation in particular sport and recreation activities. However, it should also seek ways to find common ground and thereby increase social cohesion and integration through sport and recreation. 14.7 Market programmes more aggressively and tailor programmes to the needs of communities, keeping all ages in mind. The SRA should actively seek to increase participation in programmes through increased marketing and a range of other initiatives, including: • • • • • • Training staff. Involving more volunteers. Investing in equipment. Providing support to existing programmes. Providing information well in advance. Relooking at the hours of operation, based on feedback. 14.8 Upgrade old facilities, utilise and expand existing facilities, build new facilities and focus on services where funding is limited. A range of actions can be taken with regard to facilities. Using the mapping that has already been done, the SRA should identify hot spots that need facilities and invest in these areas. It should also address access issues by relooking at facility rental fees and providing training to the caretakers of facilities and empowering community members to use their facilities. As much as possible, the City should employ people from the community to upgrade and maintain their facilities.Where funds are limited, the SRA should focus on services rather than building new facilities and engaging in expensive upgrades. SRA staff members have also recommended creative and cost-effective interventions such as portable pools. 14.9 Increase the visibility of recreation staff and encourage a culture of community engagement. Recreation staff should be trained in the skills required for their roles, particularly in programme development and in identifying needs in communities. They should also be challenged to be more visible in their communities, going door to door if necessary or holding community meetings to encourage community involvement. Pamphlets could also be used to provide contact details for residents to get in touch with the recreation staff in their communities. 14.10 Capitalise on the things that motivate residents to participate in sport and recreation. Physical health and enjoyment should be used to excite adults and children to participate in City programmes and to utilise existing facilities. The benefits of recreation RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 101 7. CCT Report-13>14 D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 9:38 AM Page 102 for individuals and communities, possibly in the form of success stories, should be used to promote participation, especially among inactive residents. 14.11 Take a segmented approach in addressing barriers and looking at desired interventions. Graphs have been included in the appendix and throughout the report that provide specific percentages for demographic groups. The district reports can also act as a reference. These should be used to tailor interventions to particular areas and groups, while also keeping overall trends in mind, as well as the diversity that exists within demographic groups. 14.12 Pursue ongoing research within the SRA. As already evidenced through this research, the SRA can benefit from the ongoing research that it has already initiated, including such projects as: • A yearly Recreation Survey to measure changes against the baseline achieved through this study; • In-depth qualitative research within particular communities; • An effective information management system. Building on the stakeholder suggestions in Chapter 12, the SRA should use the KPIs to prioritise areas of focus and should continue to discuss ways to measure the impact of interventions in the future. Following this study, an important next step is to workshop the findings with relevant stakeholders. Agreement on a definition will help the Department to make decisions about its strategy and programmes. Based on the feedback from residents and stakeholders, the strategy should have a strong emphasis on health and wellness, with an educational dimension for staff and residents about the link between physical exercise/activity and health. A discussion on the City’s role either as a facilitator or provider, or both, will also help in clarifying its strategy and approach. 14.14 Continue to benchmark the City’s facilities and programmes against comparable international examples, with an emphasis on trends in other African countries. The case studies included in this study are just a snapshot of the wide range of learnings that can be drawn from recreation programmes and initiatives in other countries. While information on sport and recreation is not easily available in Africa particularly, ongoing efforts should be made to benchmark the city against comparable examples on the continent and beyond. 14.15 Form partnerships to aid the implementation of necessary changes. As discussed in the conclusions, the SRA should continue to build partnerships with other Departments, organisations and individuals, particularly in the critical phase of implementation. 14.13 Agree upon a working definition of sport and recreation, coupled with a discussion of the City’s recreation strategy and role. Based on the findings from the desktop research and survey, the definition of recreation that seems most suitable is the one discussed in Chapter 2. Recreation encompasses leisure activities people undertake for enjoyment, to maintain and improve their health and well-being, and/or restore and challenge their self-perception. Recreation activities can be either active or passive. The broad scope of this definition allows for the range of activities preferred by communities in Cape Town and the emphasis on health and wellness complements the fact that the majority of residents reported health as their top reason for participating in sport and recreation. 102 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY FIGURE 115: DIGNITARIES AT THE START OF THE CAPE TOWN MARATHON 2008 (SOURCE: SRA) 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 103 Appendix 1: Stakeholder Interviews Name Position Department/Organisation Lokiwe Mtwazi Executive Director Department of Community Services / Sport and Recreation Gert Bam Director Department of SRA, City of Cape Town Donny Jurgens Manager Department of SRA, City of Cape Town Jan Fourie District Manager Department of SRA, City of Cape Town Alexander Dykes District Manager Department of SRA, City of Cape Town Paul Hendricks Acting Director PGWC, Sport Development and School Sport Paul Singh Official National Department of SRA Marie Young Lecturer Recreation, University of the Western Cape Achmat Ismail Community Leader and Executive Member SK Walmers RFC Shahied Adams Chairperson District 4, Department of SRA Brett Herron Councillor and Mayoral Committee Member Department of Community Services, City of Cape Town Harold Moses Chairperson Atlantis Golf Club Franklin Anthony Area Manager Department of SRA, City of Cape Town Appendix 2: Map of EAs for Household Survey In the map below, the dark blue dots represent the lower income areas (S.E.S. > 40), while the light blue dots represent upper income areas (S.E.S. < 40). RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 103 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 104 Appendix 3: Survey Questionnaire CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION SURVEY 2010 Interviewer sign Checked by Interviewer Edited by Sign Coded by Sign Date of back check Household back-checked? Supervisor signature Yes 1 2 No Household Selection Procedure Select a random household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. Start your walk pattern selecting every Nth dwelling. Keep to the right of the road. If a call is unsuccessful, use the table below to record your progress until you make a successful call. Answer a code number for unsuccessful calls only. Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 1 Household 2 Household 3 Household 4 Household 5 Household 6 Household 7 Refused to be interviewed 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Person selected was never at home 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Spoke only a foreign language/deaf 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Other (specify) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Fieldworker Name: EA Number: Name of Suburb: IMPORTANT! Record starting time of interview: HH MM Introduction Good day. My name is ……………………………..and I am from Mthente Research and Consulting Services, a research company. We are conducting a survey to find out what you expect from the city and what your experiences have been related to Sport, Recreation and Amenities. We are collecting this information to report on the current state of sport and recreation in communities in Cape Town. We ask that you help us by completing this short questionnaire. The information you give us is confidential. Someone from our company may contact you just to verify that the interview took place, but your personal information will never be made public. The interview will take about 30 minutes. 104 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 105 NOTE FOR FIELDWORKER a. Please ensure that the respondent is 16 years or older BEFORE starting the interview b. Please read all questions to respondent and indicate the responses available slowly reading them aloud. Repeat response options if necessary. c. Please ensure that ALL APPLICABLE questions are completed with the necessary information. SECTION 1: CONSENT 1. Do I have your consent to continue with this interview? YES NO 01 02 SECTION 2: RESPONDENT & HOUSEHOLD DETAILS 2. Record gender (BY OBSERVATION) MALE FEMALE 01 02 3. Record Race (BY OBSERVATION) Black 01 Coloured 02 Asian/Indian 03 White 04 Other 05 4. What is your age? 5. Which of the following best describes your job status? Employed – Full time Employed – Part time Self-employed (Own business) Informally employed Unemployed Retired/Pensioner Student YEARS READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 01 02 03 04 05 Housewife 06 07 08 Other (Specify) 09 Prefer not to answer 10 Continue to Question 6 Go to Question 7 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 105 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM 6. Which of the following best describes your current employment position/occupation? Page 106 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY Senior official or manager 01 Professional Technician or associate professional 02 Clerk Service worker, shop or market sales worker 03 04 05 Skilled agricultural or fishery worker 06 Craft and related trades worker 07 Plant and machine operator or assembler 08 Elementary occupation (e.g. domestic worker, street cleaner) 09 Self-employed 10 Other (Specify) 11 DO NOT READ OPTIONS 7. What is your highest level of education? CIRCLE ONE ONLY 01 None Completed up to Grade 3 (Standard 1) Grade 4 to Grade 7 (Standard 2 to Standard 5) 02 Grade 8 to Grade 11 (Standard 6 to Standard 9) 03 04 Grade 12 (Matric) 05 Post Matric Certificate/Diploma/Trade Qualification 06 University Degree/Diploma 07 Post Graduate University Degree 08 8. What is your role in this household? READ OPTIONS Mother 01 Father 02 Child or Young Adult Grandparent 03 04 Aunt 05 Uncle 06 Tenant 07 Other (Specify) 08 9. Do you have any form of disability? CIRCLE ONE ONLY YES 1 NO 2 10. How would you describe your disability? 106 CIRCLE ONE ONLY Go to Question 11 READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Sight 01 Hearing Communication 02 03 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 107 Physical 04 Intellectual 05 Emotional 06 Multiple 07 Other (Specify) 08 TEXT RESPONSE 11. How many people live in this house? PERSONS (16 years and older) Male Female 12. What is your household’s combined average monthly take home income (of income after tax) from all sources (including social grants)? If unsure, please provide the closest approximation. PERSONS (Under 16 years) Male Female DO NOT READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY Zero 01 Under R1 000 R1 000 to R2 000 02 03 R2 001 to R3 000 R3 00 to R4 000 04 05 R4 001 to R5 000 06 R5 001 to R10 000 07 R10 001 to R15 000 08 R15 001 to R20 000 09 R20 001 to R25 000 10 More than R25 000 11 Prefer not to answer 99 13. What form of transport do you use most often? READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Bus 01 Taxi Train Personal motor vehicle 02 03 04 Car pool 05 Bicycle 06 Motorcycle 07 Other (Specify) 08 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 107 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 108 SECTION 3: COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS 14. Which of the following social problems, if any, do you experience in your community? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes No Don’t know Poverty 1 2 3 Violence 1 2 3 Robbery 1 2 3 Theft and vandalism at school properties Poor service delivery (electricity, water, refuse collection etc) Shortage of schools – learners travel long distances to schools 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 Family abuse (child, women abuse etc) 1 2 3 Alcohol abuse Drug abuse 1 2 3 1 2 3 Rain damage and floods 1 2 3 Fire 1 2 3 Political activism 1 2 3 Service delivery protests Corruption of municipal officers 1 1 2 2 3 3 Gangs 1 2 3 1 2 3 Other (Specify) 15. Which of the following services would you consider to be the WORST service in your community? Refuse collection Electricity Public transportation Sanitation Water Health services (Hospitals, clinics etc.) Education services (Schools, vocational colleges etc.) Recreation programmes and facilities They are all bad Don’t know 108 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 109 SECTION 4: PARTICIPATION IN SPORT & RECREATION 16. What do you do when you are bored? DO NOT READ OPTIONS Listen to music Watch TV, DVD, videos Get together with friends Read books Get together with relatives Shopping for pleasure Physical activities Play cards or board games Attend sporting events Handicrafts Walking Time on internet/pc Jogging/running Go to movies Gardening DIY (Do It Yourself) task Library The Arts Watch live sporting events Go to a place of worship Go to places of historic attraction (e.g. museums, exhibitions, etc.) Other (Specify) 17. Where do you go when you are bored? MULTIPLE RESPONSE 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Home 01 School 02 Recreational facilities Friend’s house 03 04 Sport field 05 Open space 06 Relative’s house 07 Stadium 08 Shopping mall 09 Internet cafe 10 Cinema 11 In the street 12 Shebeen or pub 13 Other (Specify) 14 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 109 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM 18. How often do you get bored? Page 110 Never Rarely Sometimes 1 2 3 Often All the time READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 4 5 19. Do you participate in any of the following sport or leisure activities? If yes, please indicate how often and where. IF YES, WHERE? 110 01 – Home/street 02 – Gym 03 – Community facility 04 – School 05 – Other (Specify) YES NO Aerobics/fitness 1 2 Aquarobics Athletics/track and field 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS HRS Badminton 1 2 HRS Basketball 1 2 HRS Snooker/pool Boxing 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Canoeing/kayaking 1 2 HRS Cricket (indoor or outdoor) Cycling Dancing 1 2 HRS 1 1 2 2 HRS Darts 1 2 HRS Fishing Golf 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Gymnastics 1 2 HRS Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS Horse riding Martial art/karate 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Netball 1 2 HRS Rock climbing 1 2 HRS Rowing 1 2 HRS Rugby 1 2 HRS Running 1 2 HRS Sailing Scuba diving 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Soccer (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS Softball 1 2 HRS Squash/racquetball Surf sports 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Swimming 1 2 HRS Table tennis 1 2 HRS Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY IF YES, APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY HOURS PER WEEK? HRS 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 111 Tenpin bowling 1 2 HRS Volleyball Walking Weight training 1 1 1 2 2 2 HRS HRS HRS IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 22. 20. Why do you participate in sport or leisure activities? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes 1 No 2 For exercise (i.e. to stay healthy) 1 2 To observe the environment 1 2 For enjoyment 1 2 To take the children out (i.e. children, siblings, etc.) 1 2 To use the children’s play equipment (i.e. their toys) 1 2 To relax 1 2 To socialise 1 2 For educational reasons 1 2 For fresh air 21. Are there any other reasons why you do participate in leisure activities, which I have not mentioned? 22. Are there any reasons why you do not (or would not) participate in sport or leisure activities? Please select all the options that apply to you. READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes No Lack of facilities 1 2 Health problems 1 2 Lack of money Lack of time (in general) 1 1 2 2 Taking care of someone 1 2 Not interested in leisure/physical activity 1 2 Feel unsafe 1 2 Rather do other things in leisure time 1 2 Unsuitable facilities 1 2 Limited access 1 2 Too much effort/can’t be bothered 1 2 Too old 1 2 Public transport not available 1 2 Not fit enough 1 2 Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and public transport costs) 1 2 Too far away, not conveniently located 1 2 Too crowded 1 2 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 111 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 112 Don’t know what’s available 1 2 Don’t know where recreational facilities are located 1 2 Home and family responsibilities 1 2 Work/study demands 1 2 Insufficient time due to work/study 1 2 Too lazy 1 2 Bad weather 1 2 23. Are there any other reasons why you do not or would not participate in sport or leisure activities? 24. Have you ever experienced any of the following negative experiences while participating in sport or leisure activities? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes 1 No 2 Feeling uncomfortable 1 2 Feeling isolated Physically attacked 1 1 2 2 Injured 1 2 Reprimanded 1 2 Found out about programmes too late (i.e. opportunity already passed) 1 2 Being made fun of 25. Are there any other negative experiences which I have not mentioned? 26. Have you ever experienced any of the following positive experiences participating in sport or leisure activities? READ OPTIONS Losing weight Yes 1 No 2 Making friends 1 2 Feeling comfortable Increase in confidence 1 1 2 2 Feeling excited 1 2 Experiencing a sense of belonging 1 2 27. Are there any other positive experiences which I have not mentioned? 112 CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 113 CIRCLE ONE ONLY 28. Are you a member of a sport club(s) or team(s)? YES 1 NO 2 29. What kind of sport club(s) or team(s) do you belong to? Go to Question 30 READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Aerobics/fitness 01 Aquarobics Athletics/track and field 02 03 Badminton 04 Basketball 05 Snooker/pool Boxing 06 07 Canoeing/kayaking 08 Cricket (indoor or outdoor) 09 Cycling 10 Dancing 11 Darts 12 Fishing Golf 13 14 Gymnastics 15 Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 16 Horse riding Martial art/karate 17 18 Netball 19 Rock climbing 20 Rowing 21 Rugby 22 Running 23 Sailing Scuba diving 24 25 Soccer (indoor or outdoor) 26 Softball 27 Squash/racquetball Surf sports 28 29 Swimming 30 Table tennis 31 Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 32 Tenpin bowling 33 Volleyball 34 Walking Weight training 35 36 Other (Specify) 37 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 113 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 114 SECTION 5: RESPONDENT’S HEALTH 30. How would you rate your health generally? Very poor Poor Average Good Very good 1 2 3 4 5 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 31. Which option best describes your level of physical activity in an average week? READ OPTIONS Not active at all Occasionally active Regularly active Very active (No physical exercise throughout the week) (30min physical exercise1-2 days p/week) (30min physical exercise 3-4 days p/week) (30min exercise 5 days p/week) 1 2 3 4 CIRCLE ONE ONLY 32. Do you currently belong to a gym? CIRCLE ONE ONLY YES 1 NO 2 SECTION 6: PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN SPORT & RECREATION 33. Do you have children, grandchildren or a child you look after? YES 1 NO 2 CIRCLE ONE ONLY Go to Question 46 34. Please indicate the number of children and their gender according to the following age groups. Male 0-3 years Female Male 4-8 years Female 35. Which option best describes your child/children’s level of physical activity in an average week? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 114 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY TEXT RESPONSE 9-12 years Male Female 13-15 years Male Female 16-18 years Male Female Not active at all Occasionally active Regularly active Very active (No physical exercise throughout the week) (30min physical exercise1-2 days p/week) (30min physical exercise 3-4 days p/week) (30min exercise 5 days p/week) 1 2 3 4 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 115 36. What does your child/children do when they are bored? DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Listen to music Watch TV, DVD, videos Get together with friends Read books Get together with relatives Shopping for pleasure Physical activities Play cards or board games Attend sporting events Handicrafts Walking Time on internet/pc Jogging/running Go to movies Gardening DIY (Do It Yourself) task Library The Arts Watch live sporting events Go to a place of worship Go to places of historic attraction (e.g. museums, exhibitions, etc.) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Other (Specify) 22 37. Where do they go when they are bored? DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Home 01 School 02 Recreational facilities Friend’s house 03 04 Field 05 Open space 06 Relatives house 07 Stadium 08 Shopping mall 09 Internet cafe 10 Cinema 11 In the street 12 Shebeen or pub 13 Other (Specify) 14 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 115 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM 38. How often do they get bored? Page 116 Never Rarely Sometimes Often All the time 1 2 3 4 5 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 39. Do they participate in any of the following activities? If yes, please indicate how often and where. READ OPTIONS PROVIDE A RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW IF YES, WHERE? YES IF YES, APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY HOURS PER WEEK? 1 1 2 2 HRS Aerobics/fitness Aquarobics Athletics/track and field 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Badminton 1 2 HRS Basketball 1 2 HRS Snooker/pool Boxing 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Canoeing/kayaking 1 2 HRS Cricket (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS Cycling 1 2 HRS Dancing 1 2 HRS Darts 1 2 HRS Fishing Golf 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Gymnastics 1 2 HRS Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS Horse riding Martial art/karate 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Netball 1 2 HRS Rock climbing 1 2 HRS Rowing 1 2 HRS Rugby 1 2 HRS Running 1 2 HRS Sailing Scuba diving 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Soccer (indoor or outdoor) Softball 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Squash/racquetball Surf sports 1 1 2 2 HRS HRS Swimming 1 2 HRS Play outside 116 NO 01 – Home/street 02 – Gym 03 – Community facility 04 – School 05 – Other (Specify) CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY HRS 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 117 Table tennis 1 2 HRS Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 1 2 HRS Tenpin bowling 1 2 HRS Volleyball 1 2 HRS Walking Weight Training 1 2 HRS 1 2 HRS IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 42 40. Why does your child/children participate in sport or leisure activities? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes No For fresh air 1 2 For exercise (i.e. to stay healthy) 1 2 To observe the environment 1 2 For enjoyment 1 2 To play 1 2 To relax 1 2 To socialise 1 2 For educational reasons 1 2 41. Are there any other reasons why your child/children participate in leisure activities? 42. Which of the following things prevent your child/children from participating in sport or leisure activities? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Lack of facilities Yes 1 No 2 Health problems 1 2 Lack of money Lack of time (in general) 1 1 2 2 Taking care of someone 1 2 No interested in leisure/physical activity 1 2 Feel unsafe 1 2 Rather do other things in leisure time 1 2 Unsuitable facilities 1 2 Limited access 1 2 Too much effort/can’t be bothered 1 2 Public transport not available 1 2 Not fit enough 1 2 Costs (i.e. facilities, activities and public transport costs) 1 2 Too far away, not conveniently located 1 2 Too crowded 1 2 Don’t know what’s available 1 2 Don’t know where recreational facilities are located 1 2 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 117 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 118 Home and family responsibilities 1 2 Insufficient time due to school/studying 1 2 Too lazy 1 2 Bad weather 1 2 43. Are there any other reasons why your child/children does not or would not participate in sport or leisure activities? 44. Does your child/children belong to any sport club(s) or team(s)? YES 1 NO 2 45. What kind of sport club(s) or team(s)? 118 CIRCLE ONE ONLY Go to Question 46 DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE Aerobics/fitness 01 Aquarobics Athletics/track and field 02 03 Badminton 04 Basketball 05 Snooker/pool Boxing 06 07 Canoeing/kayaking 08 Cricket (indoor or outdoor) 09 Cycling 10 Dancing 11 Darts 12 Environmental clubs 13 Fishing Formal sport Golf 14 15 16 Gymnastics 17 Hiking 18 Hockey (indoor or outdoor) 19 Horse riding Martial art/karate 20 21 Netball 22 Rock climbing 23 Rowing 24 Rugby 25 Running 26 Sailing Scuba diving 27 28 Soccer (indoor or outdoor) 29 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 119 Softball 30 Squash/racquetball Surf sports 31 32 Swimming 33 Table tennis 34 Tennis (indoor or outdoor) 35 Tenpin bowling 36 Volleyball 37 Walking Weight training 38 39 Other (Specify) 40 SECTION 7: PARTICIPATION IN CITY PROGRAMMES 46. Have you or your family taken part in any sport or recreational programme(s) organised by the City of Cape Town in the past year? YES 1 NO 2 47. What kind of programme(s)? Come and Play Health and fitness Arts and crafts Music Dance Soccer Netball Cricket Rugby Gym Games for seniors Learn to swim programmes Inside and outside Beach games Cards Dominoes Street soccer Ball games Egg and spoon races Indigenous/traditional games Obstacle courses Slippery slides Face painting Other (Specify) CIRCLE ONE ONLY Go to Question 49 DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 119 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 120 READ OPTIONS 48. Please rate your level of satisfaction with the CITY’S PROGRAMME(S) in terms of: CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Very unsatisfied Unsatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied Don’t know 1. Ability to meet the community’s needs 1 2 3 4 5 99 2. Cost to participate 1 2 3 4 5 99 3. Marketing/information 1 2 3 4 5 99 4. Time of day offered 1 2 3 4 5 99 49. What other organisations provide recreational activities or programmes in your community? MULTIPLE RESPONSE READ OPTIONS 01 02 03 04 05 Churches Schools (after school/during the vacation period) Sporting clubs NGOs Other (Specify) SECTION 8: RATING FOR COMMUNITY FACILITIES 50. Which of the following sport or recreational facilities are there in your community? Community hall or resource centre Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.) Swimming pool Boating facilities Fishing piers and platforms Play areas Parks Golf courses Mountain trails Camping areas Tennis court Basketball court Picnic facilities Multi-use game areas Other (Specify) IF NO TO ALL, SKIP TO QUESTION 55 120 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Don’t know 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM 51. Of the facilities you mentioned, which ones are run by the City? Page 121 READ OPTIONS No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Community hall or resource centre Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.) Swimming pool Boating facilities Fishing piers and platforms Play areas Parks Golf courses Mountain trails or camping areas Camping areas Tennis court Basketball court Picnic facilities Multi-use game areas Other (Specify) 52. In your opinion, are the recreational facilities in your community benefitting the community? 53. Which facility in your community is used the most? Don’t know 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CIRCLE ONE ONLY 1 YES NO Community hall or resource centre Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.) Swimming pool Boating facilities Fishing piers and platforms Play areas Parks Golf courses Mountain trails or camping areas Camping areas Tennis court Basketball court Picnic facilities Multi-use game areas Other (Specify) CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW 2 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 121 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 122 READ OPTIONS 54. Please rate your level of satisfaction with the FACILITY that you mentioned in Question 53, in terms of: CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Very unsatisfied Unsatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied Don’t know Size 1 2 3 4 5 99 Cost 1 2 3 4 5 99 Cleanliness/maintenance 1 2 3 4 5 99 Management 1 2 3 4 5 99 Location 1 2 3 4 5 99 Opening and closing times 1 2 3 4 5 99 Booking procedures 1 2 3 4 5 99 Accessibility for wheelchairs 1 2 3 4 5 99 SECTION 9: RATING FOR RECREATION STAFF 55. If you wanted to find out more information about City programmes or facilities in your community, do you know who to speak to? CIRCLE ONE ONLY YES 1 NO 2 56. Have you ever seen or met the people who work at the facilities in your community? 57. Please rate your level of satisfaction with the FACILITY STAFF in terms of their: 122 CIRCLE ONE ONLY YES 1 NO 2 Go to Question 58 CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW READ OPTIONS Very unsatisfied Unsatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied Don’t know Development of programmes 1 2 3 4 5 99 Availability 1 2 3 4 5 99 Relevant skills 1 2 3 4 5 99 Friendliness towards the public 1 2 3 4 5 99 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 123 SECTION 10: ATTITUDES TOWARDS RECREATION AND SPORT 58. How important do you think sport and recreation is for communities in the City of Cape Town? Not important at all Not very important Neutral Somewhat important Very important Don’t know 1 2 3 4 5 99 Not important at all Not very important Neutral Somewhat important Very important Don’t know 1 2 3 4 5 99 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 59. How important do you think recreation is compared to other needs in your community? READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE ONLY 60. Do you think recreational programmes and facilities currently benefit your community in any of the following ways? READ OPTIONS Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Developing youth Providing opportunities to enjoy outdoors Bringing the community together Creating a sense of pride in your community Improving health and wellness Protecting the natural environment Helping the elderly and people with disabilities remain active Providing educational opportunities Providing opportunities for skills development a. Participating in recreational programmes organised by the City No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Don’t know 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW READ OPTIONS 61. How do you feel about the following: CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Nothing, I do not care Not very excited Neutral Somewhat excited Very excited 1 2 3 4 5 Don’t know 99 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 123 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 b. Participating in recreational programmes organised by other organisations in your community 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 124 1 2 3 4 5 99 c. Volunteering for a recreational programme organised by the City 1 2 3 4 5 99 d. Being part of a Sports Council in your community 1 2 3 4 5 99 SECTION 11: PERCEPTIONS OF THE CITY’S ROLE 62. What do you think the City of Cape Town should do to encourage ADULTS in your community to participate in sport and recreation? CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes No Don’t know Offer food as an incentive for participating Market the programmes better Improve the physical condition of the facilities/fields/centres Introduce programmes that the community wants Involve more community members Change in operational hours 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Improve the skills of the City staff 1 2 3 Make programmes and facilities more accessible 1 2 3 Make the area safer 1 2 3 Have programmes for all ages 1 2 3 Reduce the costs for hiring facilities 1 2 3 Other (Specify) 1 2 3 63. What do you think the City of Cape Town should do to encourage CHILDREN in your community to participate in sport and recreation? Offer food as an incentive for participating Market the programmes better Improve the physical condition of the facilities/fields/centres Introduce programmes that the community wants 124 READ OPTIONS CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes No Don’t know 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 125 Involve more community members Change in operational hours 1 1 2 2 3 3 Improve the skills of the City staff 1 2 3 Make programmes and facilities more accessible 1 2 3 Make the area safer 1 2 3 Have programmes for all ages 1 2 3 Reduce the costs for hiring facilities 1 2 3 Other (Specify) 1 2 3 64. From the following list, which FACILITY would you MOST like to have in your community? READ OPTIONS Community hall or resource centre Sports field (for soccer, rugby, etc.) Swimming pool Boating facilities Fishing piers and platforms Play areas Parks Golf courses Tennis court Basketball court Picnic facilities Multi-use game areas Other (Specify) 65. What PROGRAMMES would you like to have in your community? Come and Play Health and fitness Arts and crafts Music Dance Soccer Netball Cricket Rugby Gym Games for seniors Learn to swim programmes Inside and outside Beach games Cards Dominoes Street soccer Ball games CIRCLE ONLY ONE 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 DO NOT READ OPTIONS MULTIPLE RESPONSE 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 125 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 126 Egg and spoon races Indigenous/traditional games Obstacle courses Slippery slides Face painting Other (Specify) 66. What TIME OF DAY do you think the programme should be offered? 17 18 19 20 21 22 READ OPTIONS CIRCLE ONLY ONE Early morning (before work) Morning Afternoon Evening Late at night 67. What do you feel are the MOST important aspects of a sport or recreational programme? 01 02 03 04 05 READ OPTIONS Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mass involvement from the community Non-competitive Done for enjoyment and relaxation Competitive Limited number of people involved Physical and mental fitness Formal codes and rules Involves other communities Other (Specify) 68. How would you like to receive information about recreational programmes and facilities? Door to door visits Community meetings Radio programmes Television programmes Print (e.g. newspapers, magazines, pamphlets) Electronic (e.g. e-mail, the internet) Via SMS Direct mail (i.e. letters sent to my address) Street posters or billboards Word of mouth (i.e. through family, friends and neighbours) Other (Specify) 126 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW READ OPTIONS No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE FOR EACH ROW Yes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 127 69. If possible, could you please supply the names of any ORGANISATIONS that you think the City of Cape Town should partner with in providing sport and recreation in your community. 1. Name of organisation ____________________________________ 2. Name of contact person __________________________________ 3. Telephone number of contact ______________________________ -------------- THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR CO-OPERATION -------------- INTERVIEWER DECLARATION I hereby certify that this interview has been completed and checked in strict accordance with the instructions given to me. INTERVIEWER NAME SIGNATURE DATE LENGTH OF INTERVIEW QUALITY CONTROL SHEET Fieldworker Code Questionnaire No. Question Number Query Checked by (Initials) Date Checked RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 127 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 128 Appendix 4: Additional Demographic Comparisons TABLE 50: COMPARISON OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ADULT RESIDENTS SPEND THEIR SPARE TIME Gender Adult leisure activities (%) Watch TV, DVD, videos Listen to music Spend time with friends Read books Spend time with family or relatives Walk Go to a place of worship or take part in religious activities Take part in physical activities Go to the shops DIY (Do It Yourself) Task Garden Other Sleep Watch live sporting events Make handicrafts Spend time on the internet or computer Go to the library Go to movies Attend sporting events Jog or run Do house work (i.e. cleaning, washing) Play cards or board games Go to historical sites Participate in the Arts Drink at a shebeen/ bar or go clubbing Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper 68.4 57.2 30.8 18.5 65.8 54.9 29.6 20.9 71.5 60.0 32.4 15.5 65.6 69.9 40.6 17.1 69.6 55.6 29.1 17.4 66.8 46.0 24.2 25.1 66.6 60.3 33.3 17.2 69.9 60.1 37.6 23.6 68.9 53.6 25.9 16.4 70.0 57.7 35.5 38.1 68.5 58.5 30.2 13.7 68.2 55.9 31.5 23.1 15.9 9.4 17.2 10.7 14.4 7.9 17.2 6.1 15.0 8.6 18.0 17.4 11.5 7.7 17.1 15.1 18.0 8.3 32.8 6.7 13.3 7.6 18.5 11.2 8.7 7.5 7.2 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 11.2 5.1 9.2 3.3 2.9 3.7 4.6 1.8 4.2 5.6 10.5 4.7 5.2 4.0 2.8 1.7 5.0 2.0 6.5 10.8 7.9 1.9 0.1 1.4 4.8 3.6 1.7 8.7 5.9 7.1 4.5 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.5 2.9 12.0 9.7 6.5 5.9 8.7 8.5 2.0 1.7 6.7 13.5 5.9 5.1 3.8 2.1 1.9 5.2 3.6 1.8 1.5 15.6 13.0 6.0 7.7 5.5 0.5 3.2 5.5 8.6 4.9 6.1 3.8 2.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 1.5 15.0 10.6 0.0 6.7 7.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 12.7 4.8 4.9 2.8 2.2 2.4 4.6 3.7 2.8 4.8 10.1 9.4 5.5 4.6 4.2 2.1 2.8 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 3.0 1.2 2.2 4.1 2.8 1.8 3.8 2.5 3.6 2.3 2.1 3.5 2.2 3.6 1.5 2.9 2.5 2.8 0.0 7.6 1.0 0.2 0.4 1.6 1.6 1.2 3.7 1.6 8.6 6.0 4.1 1.0 5.0 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.0 1.8 0.0 3.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.9 1.5 3.0 1.7 4.7 3.3 3.4 1.8 2.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 0.5 2.7 1.8 1.5 0.5 1.2 2.1 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.9 0.7 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.2 1.6 1.2 3.3 1.0 3.8 1.6 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.7 5.2 0.8 1.3 2.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 3.2 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.3 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 128 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 129 TABLE 51: COMPARISON OF WAYS TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Ways to encourage participation (%) Have programmes for all ages Make the area safer Introduce programmes that the community wants Improve the physical condition of the facilities Make programmes and facilities more accessible Involve more community members Market the programmes better Improve the skills of the City staff Reduce the costs for hiring facilities Change the operational hours Offer food as an incentive for participating Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper 91.8 91.0 91.2 90.6 92.4 91.4 92.2 92.1 92.0 91.0 90.2 89.6 91.2 91.8 93.5 89.1 91.2 90.9 97.7 100.0 90.3 90.4 93.2 91.5 90.6 90.6 90.7 90.9 91.2 87.7 89.4 93.5 90.0 97.7 88.8 92.4 90.6 90.5 90.8 91.1 91.4 86.4 90.8 93.1 89.0 100.0 89.3 91.8 90.4 89.4 91.6 90.1 91.3 86.9 88.6 94.0 89.9 97.7 88.1 92.6 88.9 88.9 89.0 89.4 88.8 88.3 87.2 89.6 90.3 89.2 85.7 86.7 85.2 86.4 92.7 92.5 89.6 88.9 100.0 97.7 85.7 86.1 92.1 91.7 86.4 86.1 86.8 85.4 87.4 83.5 82.9 91.6 86.4 95.1 82.3 90.4 86.0 80.3 85.8 79.5 86.2 81.3 84.6 77.0 86.5 81.4 86.0 80.3 83.0 78.0 90.2 86.6 86.0 78.7 96.8 94.5 82.8 77.0 89.1 83.5 70.3 73.7 66.2 68.7 71.5 67.5 71.0 59.6 74.6 63.9 73.4 67.3 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 52: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED FACILITIES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Preferred facilities (%) Multi-use game areas Swimming pool Community hall or recreation centre Sports field Parks Play areas Golf courses Other Tennis court Picnic facilities Basketball court Boating facilities Fishing piers Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper 27.1 15.6 25.7 15.8 28.7 15.3 24.0 18.2 27.0 15.8 31.7 11.0 13.8 17.2 31.8 13.2 34.5 15.9 35.9 6.0 22.8 17.1 31.3 14.2 12.9 12.2 9.3 5.3 5.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 1.7 1.2 0.8 13.9 11.0 12.9 5.9 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.6 1.4 1.2 0.3 11.8 13.7 5.0 4.6 6.6 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.0 1.3 1.4 9.5 17.7 7.9 5.3 4.7 1.9 4.2 4.0 1.7 0.0 0.8 12.7 11.3 9.3 5.1 5.0 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.0 1.9 0.8 18.8 8.6 11.3 6.1 5.0 4.0 0.4 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.7 13.9 18.2 9.9 5.8 5.9 3.5 4.6 3.3 2.9 0.5 0.5 9.1 6.8 13.0 2.4 7.6 4.7 2.6 1.0 1.3 4.3 2.3 14.3 10.2 7.2 6.3 2.4 2.1 1.6 3.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 3.1 10.0 12.1 0.0 22.8 0.0 8.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 13.0 15.9 9.3 5.5 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.5 0.5 0.7 12.9 8.6 9.4 5.1 6.9 3.2 2.4 2.4 0.9 1.9 0.9 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 129 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 130 TABLE 53: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Age Group Race SES Preferred programmes (%) Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower Health and fitness Come and Play Arts and crafts Games for seniors Music Cricket Soccer Dance Ball games Learn to swim Netball Street soccer Dominoes Cards Inside and outside Indigenous games Gym Slippery slides Egg and spoon races Beach games Obstacle courses Face painting Rugby Other 46.2 43.7 36.5 27.2 22.6 22.0 20.6 20.3 17.1 17.0 13.8 10.5 7.4 6.8 6.6 6.6 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.0 47.2 45.6 38.8 28.1 25.0 19.2 18.3 24.2 17.5 19.0 16.3 9.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 5.9 4.4 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.1 4.8 3.2 4.0 43.6 40.1 32.5 25.4 19.1 24.8 22.7 14.8 16.0 14.1 10.3 10.9 8.0 6.6 6.2 5.1 7.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.0 5.4 3.9 37.4 36.1 31.4 16.4 28.3 22.3 23.2 25.5 15.9 19.5 20.6 13.4 7.2 6.6 7.4 7.0 6.8 5.0 7.0 6.6 6.4 4.6 5.2 7.5 48.2 43.6 34.8 24.3 21.3 22.0 20.9 19.6 16.7 16.6 12.5 11.0 6.6 5.8 6.7 5.5 6.0 5.8 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.5 3.0 45.7 51.1 47.5 52.2 18.5 19.9 13.8 13.8 18.7 13.7 8.6 3.5 10.7 10.6 4.6 3.7 2.3 3.7 4.6 5.4 4.4 5.1 1.6 3.3 36.3 25.6 26.5 12.0 23.5 22.2 26.0 18.5 10.7 14.2 20.8 11.6 2.9 2.5 4.3 4.6 8.2 2.8 2.7 4.3 1.5 1.9 5.2 4.4 48.5 37.8 38.7 36.8 21.0 17.7 6.8 18.4 16.9 8.3 6.5 3.2 3.8 3.8 2.5 3.8 5.3 4.6 3.8 5.7 4.7 4.1 3.2 5.5 50.5 58.0 41.5 33.5 21.8 22.8 22.4 21.6 21.4 22.4 11.7 12.7 12.3 11.2 10.0 6.9 4.1 7.4 7.7 5.3 6.7 6.2 4.1 3.2 58.5 42.9 40.7 25.3 28.2 29.2 7.4 21.4 13.0 11.6 5.2 6.5 0.0 0.0 3.8 5.7 3.1 5.7 7.2 1.5 9.1 7.2 0.0 0.0 39.8 36.9 30.8 17.9 22.8 22.2 26.1 20.4 14.9 17.3 18.6 12.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.4 7.1 4.0 3.6 4.7 2.5 3.0 5.1 3.9 SES2Upper 51.1 49.1 41.0 35.5 21.9 21.3 14.7 19.6 18.7 16.3 8.8 8.5 9.5 8.2 7.9 6.7 4.2 6.6 7.0 5.3 6.7 5.7 3.4 4.0 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 54: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED TIME OF DAY FOR RECREATION PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Preferred time of day for programmes (%) Early morning Morning Afternoon Evening Late at night Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower 2.4 12.1 69.6 15.1 0.7 2.5 11.7 71.7 13.4 0.7 2.4 12.5 67.1 17.2 0.7 2.5 9.2 69.4 17.9 1.0 2.9 11.9 69.4 15.4 0.5 0.3 17.0 71.3 10.3 1.1 3.8 9.7 66.5 19.0 1.0 1.3 9.4 69.4 19.1 0.7 2.0 14.8 72.0 10.7 0.4 0.0 17.8 69.1 13.1 0.0 3.3 11.5 69.4 15.0 0.8 SES2Upper 1.6 12.7 69.9 15.3 0.5 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 130 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 131 TABLE 55: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED COMPONENTS OF RECREATIONAL PROGRAMMES ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Preferred programmes (%) Physical and mental fitness Done for enjoyment and relaxation Involves other communities Mass involvement from the community Formal codes and rules Limited number of people involved Competitive Non-competitive Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper 94.0 93.1 95.0 96.3 94.3 89.4 96.9 95.4 91.0 100.0 93.2 94.7 94.0 90.4 92.5 89.6 95.9 91.3 94.8 91.1 93.8 90.7 93.8 88.0 94.1 92.6 96.3 88.2 92.8 89.5 97.7 96.8 91.8 88.9 96.2 91.9 89.6 87.9 89.0 87.0 90.3 88.9 90.4 86.2 90.3 88.4 85.7 87.9 93.6 86.4 81.1 90.1 90.4 87.5 87.4 100.0 90.7 85.6 88.6 90.1 73.8 71.5 67.9 73.8 69.8 67.2 73.8 73.5 68.8 70.1 79.1 61.7 75.0 71.0 69.6 73.8 62.5 69.4 70.4 76.6 62.5 86.7 77.6 72.6 70.4 65.4 69.5 82.4 62.7 75.8 69.1 70.6 62.6 78.3 72.3 73.0 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 TABLE 56: COMPARISON OF PREFERRED COMMUNICATION CHANNELS BY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Gender Preferred communication (%) Street posters or billboards Radio programmes Word of mouth Television programmes Print (i.e. newspapers, magazines, pamphlet) Community meetings Door to door visits Direct mail Via SMS Electronic (i.e. e-mail, internet) Age Group Race SES Total F M Y Ad Sr Bl Wh Col As/In SES1Lower SES2Upper 89.2 87.2 85.1 83.0 88.4 87.6 84.6 82.7 90.1 86.8 85.8 83.4 87.2 87.2 81.7 85.6 90.1 87.3 86.4 82.5 88.1 87.0 84.5 81.2 82.1 86.7 79.7 83.2 92.3 88.9 87.7 85.8 92.6 86.8 88.1 81.4 100.0 89.3 85.1 89.3 85.3 87.0 82.4 83.1 92.9 87.4 87.8 82.9 82.6 82.0 79.4 74.7 70.7 55.2 83.0 81.0 76.7 74.6 67.6 52.3 82.1 83.2 82.7 74.8 74.6 58.8 81.5 80.0 75.4 74.6 67.9 53.6 82.4 82.4 80.0 74.7 71.0 55.4 84.8 83.0 82.4 74.7 73.6 56.9 72.3 86.2 78.4 68.7 58.9 34.5 89.5 74.0 70.9 87.6 81.4 85.1 86.7 83.3 84.6 72.8 74.0 56.4 93.2 56.9 60.5 92.0 91.8 84.6 77.5 86.4 81.9 69.2 63.5 39.9 87.5 77.7 77.0 79.9 77.8 70.1 SOURCE: MTHENTE, 2010 Appendix 5: Map of SRA Districts Legend SRA Districts District 1 1 2 5 3 4 2 3 6 GIS: Sport, Recreation & Amenities 4 5 6 Title District Boundaries Metres 0 3,950 7,900 15,800 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 131 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 132 References African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance. “Sports and recreation participation in three communities in Botswana,” available from http://www.cababstractsplus.org/abstracts/Abstract.aspx?AcNo=20053032270 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007, “Australian Social Trends 2007: Participation in sports and physical recreation,” 7 Aug 2007 Ceredigion County Council Recreation Services. “Strategy for Sport and Leisure 2006-2010,” available from http://www.ceredigion.gov.uk/utilities/action/act_download.cfm?mediaid=13712 [22 August 2010] City of Cape Town, 2009, “CSS Portfolio Committee Report – Community Satisfaction Survey 2009/10: Results” City of Cape Town, 2010, “Recreation Study Terms of Reference,” unpublished City of Cape Town. 2005. “Socio-economic survey,” available from http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/urbanrenewal/Documents/URP_SocioEcoc_Survey_Presentation_682007155720_.pdf, [10 August 2010] “Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996,” available from http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/a108-96.pdf [15 August 2010] Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport. “Western Cape Sport Council (est. 2009): Rules of engagement,” available from http://www.wp-sports-council.org.za/WCSS-WC-Sports-Council.pdf [17 August 2010] Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport. “Five-year Strategic Plan 2005/06 – 2009/10,” available from http://www.capegateway.gov.za/Text/2005/8/dcas_5yrstrat_2005_parta.pdf, [12 August 2010] Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa. “National Department of Sport and Recreation White Paper of 1998,” available from http://www.info.gov.za/whitepapers/1998/sports.htm [17 August 2010] Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa. “National Sport and Recreation Act of 1998,” available from http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=70645 [17 August 2010] Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa. “Strategic Plan 2009-2013,” available from http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=126689 [14 August 2010] Department of Sport and Recreation. “SRSA Strategic Plan 2010-2014,” available from http://www.pmg.org.za/files/docs/100504srsa.ppt [17 August 2010] Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities. “Departmental Business Plan 2010/2011,” available from http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/IDP/SDBIP%20Community%20Services/Dept%20Business%20PlanSports%20Recreation%20and%20Amenities.pdf [9 August 2010] Human Sciences Research Council.Vol.6, No.2 “Not a playing nation,” available from http://www.hsrc.ac.za/HSRC_Review_Article-95.phtml [18 August 2010] Office of the Minister for Children. “Teenspace: National Recreation Policy for Young People” (September 2007),” available from http://www.omc.gov.ie/documents/publications/TEENSPACE_Report_ENG.pdf, [22 August 2010] President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, “Physical Activity Protects against the Health Risks of Obesity”, available from http://www.presidentschallenge.us/misc/news_research/research_digests/59968.pdf [7th December 2010] Provincial Government of the Western Cape (March 2009), “Western Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework: Settlement Restructuring: An Exploratory Manual,” available from http://www.uemp.org.za/uemp_docs/Settlement_Restructuring_Explanatory_Manual_March20091.pdf [18 August 2010] 132 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 133 Province of Western Cape. “Constitution of the Western Cape of 1998,” available from http://www.capegateway.gov.za/Text/2003/wcape_constitution_english.pdf [17 August 2010] Resources for the Future, 2009, “Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness”, available from http://www.rff.org/documents/RFF-DP-09-21.pdf [6th December 2010] Romanovsky P. and Gie J, 2006, “The Spatial Distribution of Socio-economic Status, Services Levels and Levels of Living in the City of Cape Town 2001 – to Highlight Suburbs in Need,” Information and Knowledge Management Department, City of Cape Town Scientific Research and Essay. “An assessment of outdoor recreational behaviors and preferences of the residents in Instanbul,” available from http://www.academicjournals.org/sre/PDF/pdf2010/4Jan/Kara%20and%20Demirci.pdf [15 August 2010] Singapore Medical Journal. “Physical activity patterns of Singaporeans in 2001,” available from http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4511/4511a1.pdf [15 August 2010] Singapore Sports Council, 2005. “Sports Participation, available from http://www.ssc.gov.sg/publish/Corporate/en/participation/participation.html [15 August 2010] Small K, 2010, “Community Satisfaction Survey 2009/10 for Cape Town: Residents,” Strategic Information Branch, City of Cape Town Small K, 2008, “Demographic and Socio-economic trends for Cape Town: 1996 to 2007. 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CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 134 Endnotes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 134 HSRC, 2008 HSRC, 2008 President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Ibid. Resources for the Future, 2009 Sport and Recreation Policy, City of Cape Town City of Cape Town, 2010 Romanovsky and Gie, 2006, p. 6 Small, 2008 Scientific Research and Essay, 2010, p.93 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007, p. 1 National Department of Sport and Recreation, 1998 African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010 Teng & Ong, 2001, p.517 Ibid. Singapore Sports Council, 2005 Office of the Minister for Children, Dublin, 2007, p.36 Ceredigion County Council, 2006-2010, p.6-7 HSRC, 2008 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007 Singapore Sports Council, 2005 African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010 HSRC, 2008 Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. National Sport and Recreation Strategic Plan 2009-2013, 2009, p.24 Ibid. SRSA Strategic Plan 2010-2014, Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation, March 2012 Sport and Recreation, 2008/09, p.486 Ibid. Department of Cultural Affairs, Sport and Recreation, 2010 Ibid. Ibid. Sport and Recreation, 2008/09, p.484 Constitution of the Western Cape, 1998, p.42 City of Cape Town, 2010 City of Cape Town’s Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.23 City of Cape Town’s Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.23 CSS Portfolio Committee Report, 2009 Ibid. City of Cape Town, Policy on Sport and Recreation, p.7 Departmental Business Plan 2010/2011 (SRA), p.1 City of Cape Town, Sport and Recreation Policy, p.6 Ibid. Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Ibid. Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Atlantis focus group participant, 2010 Ibid. CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 135 Ibid. Delft focus group participant, 2010 Lwandle focus group participant, 2010 Delft focus group participant, 2010 Ibid. Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Small, 2010 Ibid. District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 RESEARCH REPORT JANUARY 2011 135 8. CCT Report-Appendixes D2:Layout 1 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 136 1/28/11 11:26 AM Page 136 Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive Director: Community Development, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Official, National Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Executive, SK Walmers RFC, 2010 Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Chairperson, Atlantis Golf Club, 2010 Area Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Director, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 District Chairperson, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Acting Director for Sport Development, Provincial Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 Councilor, Department of Community Services, 2010 District Manager, Department of Sport and Recreation, 2010 CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY COCT Report Cover Final 1/28/11 11:54 AM Page 2 C Composite M Y CM MY CY CMY K COCT Report Cover Final 1/28/11 11:54 AM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K CITY OF CAPE TOWN RECREATION STUDY RESEARCH REPORT Composite JANUARY 2011