Weight Management-Chapter 14
Health Risks Associated with Excess Body Fat (Obesity)
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Obesity Is associated with:
• Unhealthy cholesterol and TG levels
• Impaired heart function
• CVD
• Hypertension
• Cancer
• Impaired immune function
• Gallbladder and kidney disease
• Skin problems
• Impotence, sleep disorder back pain, arthritis
• Type II diabetes (strong association)
Body Composition
• Visceral Fat
• Subcutaneous Fat
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• Percent Body Fat
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Definition:
Evaluating Body Weight and Body Composition
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Methods for Evaluating Obesity
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
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Calculated by the following equation:
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Under 18.5 =
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18.6 - 24.9 =
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25-30 =
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Over 30 =
Methods of Determining Percent Body Fat
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Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing
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Skinfold measurements
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Electrical Impedance Analysis
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Scanning procedures
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Energy Balance
Energy balance equation:
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Energy in =
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Energy out =
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When energy in = energy out, weight is :
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When energy in > energy out, weight is:
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When energy in < energy out, weight is:
Body Fat distribution and Health
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Apples
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Store fat in:
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Increased risk of:
Pears
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Store fat in:
Assessed by measuring waist circumference
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Problems Associated with Very Low Levels of Body Fat
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Low % body fat has been linked to problems with the following systems:
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Reproductive
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Circulatory
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Immune
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Female Athlete Triad
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Factors Contributing To Excess Body Fat
• Genetic Factors
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• Physiological Factors
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Metabolism
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RMR =
Hormones
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• Lifestyle Factors
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Eating
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Physical Activity
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Psychosocial factors
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Psychological Problems associated with weight
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Body Image
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Severe body image problems
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Eating Disorders
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Anorexia Nervosa - Failure to eat enough food to maintain a reasonable body weight
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Characteristics
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Health Risks of Anorexia Nervosa
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Medical complications
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Bulimia Nervosa - recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging
• Characteristics:
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• Health Risks:
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Binge-Eating - Similar to Bulimia except no purging behavior
• Characteristics:
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Facts about Eating Disorders
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0.5-2.0% of Americans suffer from anorexia and have bulimia
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>1 Million Americans develop anorexia or bulimia each year - 90% are female.
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Binge eating may affect 2-5%of all adults and 8% of those who are obese
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60% of binge-eating are female
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