1. Answer the following questions with most suitable choice:
1)
Using food models in predicting the diet history of an anorexic patient is
beneficial because:
a) Anorexic patients overestimate their food intake.
b) Food models is the only method to assess the diet history.
c) To accurately assess energy intake.
d) The answer is A and C.
2) The amount of calories absorbed after purging in bulimic patients is:
a) All calories will be absorbed.
b) None.
c) About 50%.
d) About 20-30%.
3) Inadequate vitamin intake in anorexia nervosa & bulimia nervosa patients is
because:
a) Inadequate caloric intake.
b) Limited variety in the diet.
c) Poor food group representation.
d) All of the above.
4) Eliminating the meat food group would cause:
a) Water-soluble vitamins deficiency.
b) Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.
c) Fat-soluble vitamins deficiency.
d) Fe and vitamin B12 deficiency.
5) One of the eating behaviors of an eating disorder patient:
a) Exclusion of all sweeteners.
b) Unusual food combination.
c) Atypical seasoning of food.
d) B and C.
6) Albumin level in eating disorder patients is usually:
a) Within normal limits.
b) Low.
c) High.
d) It differs from patient to another.
7) Abnormal mental symptoms in eating disorder patients is related to:
a) High level of essential fatty acids.
b) Low body weight.
c) Low level of essential fatty acids.
d) None of the above.
8) Clinical and biochemical findings of true deficiency diseases are not common in
eating disorder patients and this is because:
a) The diet of these patients is usually adequate in all micronutrients & macronutrients.
b) The catabolic state in these patients cause a decrease need in micronutrients.
c) Some deficiency conditions could be masked by dehydration.
d) The answer is B & C.
9) Resistance to weight gain is common in an eating disorder patient. It is caused
by:
a) Excessive increase in REE resulting from refeeding.
b) Hyperactivity.
c) Cigarette smoking.
d) All of the above.
10) To improve the validity of BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) measurements
in anorexia nervosa patients, the measurement should be taken:
a) In the morning, before the ingestion of food or fluid.
b) In the middle of the afternoon, after lunch.
c) The timing is not important.
d) In the evening.
11) Which one of these sentences is TRUE about creatine phosphate:
a) It is the only storage form of energy in the muscle.
b) Its concentration In the muscle is the same as ATP.
c) It has limited supply.
d) It can provide energy for more than 2 minutes.
12) The limiting factor of increasing exercise intensity is:
a) Availability of oxygen.
b) Accumulation of lactic acid.
c) The answer is A & B.
d) None of the above.
13) Which of the following sentences are TRUE regarding aerobic glycolysis:
a) It is more efficient than anaerobic glycolysis.
b) Oxygen availability is important.
c) It supplies energy for the contracting muscle for more than 120 seconds.
d) All of the above.
14) At high intensities & short duration exercise, energy production is dependent on:
a) Anaerobic pathway using mainly glucose & glycogen stores.
b) Aerobic pathway using mainly fat stores.
c) Anaerobic pathway using mainly fat stores.
d) Aerobic pathway using mainly glucose & glycogen stores.
15) Fat stores are the main energy source & thus its breakdown increases the most
in which of the following:
a) Sprinting in a basketball game.
b) Walking.
c) Jogging.
d) Sprint swimming events.
16) Vitamin B12 is usually low in:
a) Athletes.
b) Vegetarians.
c) Overweight individuals.
d) Men.
17) Antioxidant consumption is important in active people because:
a) To protect the cell membrane from the oxidative damage.
b) Exercise can increase the body's oxygen consumption.
c) Exercise increases the oxidative stress.
d) All of the above.
18) The most important ingredients in a sport drink is/are:
a) Carbohydrates.
b) Electrolytes.
c) Vitamins.
d) Carbohydrates & electrolytes.
19) The ideal amount of carbohydrate in a sport drink is:
a) 6-8%
b) 8-10%.
C) There is no ideal amount.
d) Carbohydrate is not one of the ingredients of a sport drink.
20) The most important factor when planning the recovery meal (post-exercise meal)
is:
a) The intensity of the exercise.
B) The timing of the next workout.
C) The duration of the exercise.
d) The type of the exercise.
21) One of the dangerous ergogenic aids are:
a) Caffeine.
b) Creatine.
c) Androgenic Steroids.
d) None of th above.
22) The main source of stored fat in the body is:
a) Dietary fat.
b) A mix of dietary fat & carbohydrate.
c) Dietary carbohydrate & protein.
d) Dietary fat, carbohydrate & protein.
23) Fat storage is regulated by:
a) Weight gain.
b) Genetics.
c) Estrogen.
d) All of the above.
24) Which of the following is TRUE about physical activity:
a) It increases the amount of expended energy.
b) It doesn't help to maintain the lost weight.
c) It is the most effective way to lose weight.
d) None of the above.
25) The very low calorie diet is inefficient because:
a) Decreased Resting Energy Expenditure.
b) Decreased compliance.
c)The answer is A & B.
d) None of the above.
26) In anorexia nervosa:
a) Amenorrhea is not common.
b) It is characterized by self-voluntary self-starvation.
c) The patient might be overweight.
d) The answer is B & C.
27) Excessive eating in a limited amount of time (binge eating) is common in:
a) Binge eating disorder.
b) Anorexia nervosa.
c) Bulimia nervosa.
d) The answer is A & B.
28) Thermic effect of food (TEF) is higher in:
a) Morning.
b) Afternoon.
c) At night.
d) It is the same during any part of the day.
29) Which of the following is common with metabolic syndrome:
a) Insulin resistance.
b) High blood pressure.
c) Increased waist circumference.
d) All of the above.
30) Underweight is:
a) 10% below the accepted weight.
b) 5% below the accepted weight.
c) 15-20% or more below the accepted weight.
d) 7% below the accepted weight.
31) Water loss increases with:
a) Increased fat intake.
b) Increased protein & sodium intake.
c) Increased carbohydrate intake.
d) Decreased sodium intake.
2.
1)
Short Answer questions:
List down the factors affecting amount of energy expenditure? (3 points)
Exercise duration, intensity & frequency.
2)
Exercise efficiency is related to the adequate consumption of B complex
vitamins . Why? Give at least two points? (2 points)
B vitamins involved in energy production such as vitamin B6
B vitamin involved in the production of red blood cells such as Folate
3)
List down four side effects of the creatine use as an ergogenic aid? (4 points)
Weight (fluid) gain, nausea, diarrhea, cramping
4)
List down three factors that affect athlete's strength, endurance & muscle
composition regardless of any dietary supplements or ergogenic aids? (3 points)
genetic makeup, training, optimum nutrition.
5)
How can training improve the athletes performance? (3 points)
Improves the cardiovascular system that is involved in delivering oxygen to the
exercising muscle.
Increases the number of mitochondria and the levels of enzymes involved in the
aerobic synthesis of ATP.
Increases the capacity for fatty acid metabolism.
6)
List down the additional substrates that could supply ATP to the working
muscle through aerobic pathway? (3 points)
Glucose from aerobic glycolysis.
Oxidation of fatty acids derived from lipolysis and provides large amounts of
acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA from protein catabolism
7) List down the limiting factors of aerobic metabolism? (3 points)
Availability of substrates.
Availability of Coenzymes.
Continuous and adequate supply of oxygen through the cardiovascular system.
8)
List down three eating attitudes that is common in an eating disorder patient?
(3 points)
Food aversions.
Patients categorize their food as safe, risky, forbidden food.
Ideas on the appropriate amount of food
9)
Explain how the adequacy of carbohydrate consumption is important for the
metabolism of protein? (2 points)
Adequate carbohydrate consumption is important for protein metabolism so that
amino acids are spared for protein synthesis and not oxidized to assist in meeting
energy needs.
3.
Long answer questions:
1)
Explain the importance of adequate energy consumption for athletes? (4
points)
To maintain appropriate weight and body composition, prevent micronutrient
deficiencies and to optimize their performance,
2)
Explain why some athletes may seem anemic but they are unresponsive to
nutritional intervention? (4 points)
Some athletes may experience a transient decrease in serum ferritin and hemoglobin
at the initiation of training due to hemodilution subsequent to an increase in plasma
volume known as “dilutional” or “sports anemia” and may not respond to nutrition
intervention.
3)
Describe the optimum pre-exercise meal? (6 points)
Sufficient fluid,
Low in fat & fiber to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize GI distress
high in carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose and maximize glycogen stores,
moderate in protein, familiar to the athlete
the size of the meal should be compatible with the timing of the workout
(larger meals could be consumed 3-4 hrs before the exercise, however, smaller
meals should be consumed closer to the event (training) time)
4)
Explain the importance of the (During the Exercise) meal? (3 points)
To maintain blood glucose levels
To improve performance
improve metabolic response
5)
Explain why anaerobic glycolysis cannot provide energy for more than
120 seconds? (5 Points)
The amount of ATP synthesized is limited and only 30 % efficient, thus contributes
energy lasting up to 60-120 seconds e.g. a 440 yard sprint and sprint swimming
events.
When exercise continues at intensities beyond the body's ability to supply oxygen and
convert lactic acid to fuel, lactic acid is removed from the muscle and is transported
into the bloodstream and starts to accumulate lowering the pH to a level that
interferes with enzymatic reaction causing fatigue.
6)
Explain why predicting energy intake in bulimia nervosa patients is difficult?
(3 points)
The caloric content of a binge cannot be predicted and measured easily.
(Binge: To consume large amounts of food uncontrollably within a short time period).
The degree of caloric absorption after a purge.
The extent of caloric restriction between binge episodes.
7)
Explain iron deficiency anemia is uncommon in anorexia nervosa patients? (3
points)
- Iron deficiency anemia is uncommon because:
a) Decreased requirement secondary to amenorrhea in women.
b) The overall catabolic state.
c) The accurate diagnosis could be masked by masked by hemoconcentration
that is caused by dehydration in early treatment, so once refeeding is initiated,
hemoglobin concentration may decrease from baseline values.
8)
Explain the low metabolic rate in anorexia nervosa patients? (4 points)
The hypometabolic state is caused by:
a) Weight loss.
b) Decreased lean body mass.
c) Energy restriction.
d) Decreased leptin levels.
9) Explain how exercise intensity and duration are inversely related and what is the
limiting factors in increasing the exercise intensity? (4 points)
Exercise intensity and duration are inversely related. For example, an athlete can not
perform high power, high-intensity moves over a prolonged period. In order to
prolong the exercise duration, its intensity must be reduced. That is because at high
intensities, oxygen availability is decreased and lactic acid starts to accumulate
causing fatigue.