INDUSTRY
What is industry?
Between 1865 and
1914, the United
States went from an
agricultural society to
an industrial society.
Factors: natural
resources, large
workforce,
innovation, and free
enterprise.
http://www.old-picture.com/united-stateshistory-1900s---1930s/mining-scenes-Coal.htm
BLACK GOLD
Edwin Drake uses a
steam engine to
drill for oil.
Before the auto
industry, oil was
used to make
kerosene.
http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/
2011/10/edwin-drake.jpg
DRAKE’S OIL WELL
http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/
2011/10/edwin-drake.jpg
IRON TO STEEL
The Bessemer converter is a
large scale, oven-like
mechanism used to purify
iron ore
The Bessemer converter
turns crude iron ore into high
grade steel by introducing
large amounts of oxygen to
molten iron.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer_process
INNOVATIONS & INVENTIONS
Technology was
important for
growth.
Technological
innovations paved
the way for new
industries
Innovations helped
connect the world.
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/recon/jb_recon_
telephone_1.html
FREE ENTERPRISE
What is laissezfaireism?
The late 1800’s saw
low taxes, low
regulation, and low
government
intervention
High tariffs on foreign
goods.
How did an abundance of natural
resources contribute to
economic growth in the US,
during the late 1800’s?
How have the innovations of the
late 19th century evolved into
the technology we use today?
Describe how one specific
invention impacts your daily
life.
How has our countries outlook on
free enterprise changed
between the late 1800’s and
today?
RAILROADS
The growth and
consolidation of
the RR industry
influenced many
facets of American
life
Unchecked power of
the RR companies
led to heavy
abuse.
RAILROADS
Despite RR companies
abuse of power, the
RR industry spurred
rapid economic
growth in industries
such as: iron,
coal, steel, and
timber.
Also led to the growth
of towns and new
markets.
RAILROADS
Before the 1880’s,
each community
relied on their own
time based off of
sun dials.
The American
Railway
Association
adopted time
zones in 1883.
BIG BUSINESS TYCOONS
As new industries
began to emerge
there were a few
that amassed large
amounts of wealth.
Consolidation of
industries, and the
removal of the
middle-man
Trusts and extreme
wealth for
individuals
J.P. Morgan
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41
/JohnPierpontMorgan.png
ANDREW CARNEGIE
Was one of the first
industrial giants.
Relied upon vertical
integration to run his
steel business.
By 1899 the Carnegie
Steel Company
produced more steel
than all of Great
Britain
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
Received his big start
in oil refining after
the Civil War.
Founded the Standard
Oil company in
1870.
Relied upon horizontal
integration
By 1890, Standard Oil
controlled 90
percent of the oil
refining market.
GEORGE PULLMAN
In 1880, George Pullman
built a factory for
manufacturing sleepers
and other railroad cars in
Illinois
The nearby town Pullman
built for his employees
was modeled after early
industrial European towns
Pullman workers felt his
puritanical town was too
strict
BIG BUSINESS TYCOONS
Other wealthy
business men
include:
Jay Gould
Cornelius
Vanderbilt
J.P. Morgan
How did the
industrialization of the
US change the
“landscape” of the
country?
Explain the polarization
of wealth across the
American society.
WHY LABOR UNIONS?
A labor union is an
organization of
workers formed for the
purpose of advancing
its members’ interest
The creation of labor
unions were a
response to the abuse
of employees
Unions fought for workers
rights and safer work
conditions
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/
Knights_of_labor_seal.gif
LABOR UNIONS
Knights of Labor
American
Federation of
Labor (AFL)
“Wages, working
hours, and
working
conditions”
Samuel Gompers
CONFLICT
The Haymarket Riot
Homestead Strike
The Pullman Strike