1865-1915

Aim: to identify why industry boomed.
Do now: What is the state of the economy like in the West?

United States becomes an
Industrial Leader


U.S. has a greater concentration of the most needed natural resources for modern industry.
Among these include:





Iron Ore
Coal
Lumber
Oil
Mineral Resources (gold, silver, etc.)

Advances in Oil and Steel
Industries




Chapter 18 section 1
Oil & Steel = 2 fastest growing industries in late
1800's
Kerosene, one of first products to be refined, used to light lamps
Gasoline, created from oil led to the creation of many new jobs
*Bessemer Process = a method for producing a stronger type of steel

Aim: to identify significant inventors of the
19 th and 20 th centuries
Do now: What was the impact of the
Bessemer Process?

Chapter 18
Section 1
Inventors and Inventions

Patent – a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention.

Chapter 18
Section 1
Thomas Edison


Research facility in
Menlo Park, New
Jersey
Invented the Light bulb, Motion Picture
Camera, Phonograph and hundreds more

Chapter 18
Section 1
Phonograph Motion Picture Camera

Chapter 18
Section 1
Alexander Graham
Bell


Invented telephone in
1876
Replaced the telegraph

Patent for telephone was the most valuable ever.

Chapter 18
Section 1
“Mr. Watson, Come here. I want you.”

Chapter 18
Section 1
Henry Ford

Made automobile available to millions

Assembly Line – manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt

Chapter 18
Section 1




Chapter 18
Section 1
Wilbur and Orville
Wright
Tested gas powered airplane at Kitty
Hawk, North Carolina in 1903
First plane flew 12 seconds for 120 feet
Longest flight lasted
59 seconds

Chapter 18
Section 1

Chapter 18
Section 1
Christopher Sholes: Typewriter
George Eastman: Camera

Chapter 18
Section 2
Aim: to discuss the growth of big business
Do Now: List one inventor we learned yesterday who has made an impact on your life and why.

Chapter 18
Section 2
Aim: to identify the impact of Big Business
Owners
Do Now: How did the assembly line impact the growth of business?

Chapter 18
Section 2
New Business



Entrepreneur- someone who sets up new business to make a profit
Corporation- business owned by many investors
Banks lend large amounts of money to corporations, industry grows fast and banks get rich

Chapter 18
Section 2

Monopoly- a company that controls most or all of its business.

Chapter 18
Section 2
Andrew Carnegie

Poor Scottish immigrant


Worked his way up in the railroad industry
His companies owned iron mines, steel mills, railroads, and shipping lines.

Chapter 18
Section 2
John D. Rockefeller

Invested in Oil company


Formed Standard Oil
Trust
Trust- group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Chapter 18
Section 2
Aim: to identify the conditions of the workplace.
Do now: Was Big Business good or bad for the nation? Explain

Chapter 18
Section 2

Critics believed in Free
Enterprise – privately owned businesses compete freely

Others believed big business owners boosted economy and created jobs

Big businesses believed in “survival of the fittest”

Chapter 18
Section 2
Conditions in the
Workplace

Before Civil War, factories were small

As industry grew, factories grew, millions of immigrants worked in factories

Chapter 18
Section 2
Women and Children

Women and Children worked in factories under terrible conditions and long hours

Textile, bottle, tobacco, and garment factories

Chapter 18
Section 2

Chapter 18
Section 2
Dangerous conditions

Lung disease from fibers and dust


Steelworkers were burned or killed by molten metal
Employers felt conditions were necessary to cut costs

Chapter 18
Section 2
Aim: to analyze primary sources on Big
Business
Do Now: What conditions led to the
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?

Chapter 18
Section 2
Workers Unite

Due to dangerous working conditions
& tragedies like the
Triangle Shirt
Waste Factory Fire, labor unions formed

Chapter 18
Section 2



Knights of Labor-
1879 grew strong
Public rallies instead of strikes
Violence at
Haymarket Square gave negative image from public

Chapter 18
Section 2
Samuel Gompers- created
American Federation of
Labor (AFL)

Admitted only skilled workers


Collective Bargainingunion negotiates with management for workers as a group
Worked well, but only included a fraction of the workers.

Chapter 18
Section 2



Women lead the way in forming unions
1893 severe economic depression
Pullman Strike



Chicago, George
Pullman cuts pay by
25%
Workers go on strike, including railroad workers.
Strike turned violent, public sided with owners

Chapter 18
Section 2
In their own words
Salvatore Giunta
Giunta Story

Chapter 18
Section 3
Aim: to identify the growth of the American
City
Do Now: Why did the public have a negative opinion about Unions
*Quiz Tomorrow: Chapter 18 sections
1-3

Chapter 18
Section 3
Rapid Growth

Urbanization: rapid
 growth of city populations
1860, 1 in 5 people lived in cities


1890, 1 in 3 lived in cities
U.S. has cities comparable to Paris and London

Chapter 18
Section 3



New technology helped cities grow

Elevated trains, electric street car, subway trains, elevators, steel framed buildings
Steel bridges and public transportation allowed people to live in suburbs
Buildings were built upward, first
“skyscraper” was 10 stories

Chapter 18
Section 3
City Life


Tenements= buildings divided into tiny apartments
10 people often lived in single room

Settlement House= center offering help to urban poor

Chapter 18
Section 3
Department Stores= downtown shopping attracts tons of people
Leisure Activity= Museums, orchestras, art galleries, theatres, Circuses
Sports= 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings
1891 James Naismith

Chapter 18
Section 4
Aim: to identify the difficult journey of an immigrant
Do Now: What did people do for leisure in the cities

Chapter 18
Section 4
A fresh Start

Between 1865-1915 25 million immigrants came to the U.S.

Chapter 18
Section 4
Push Factors

Dwindling farmland in home country


Religious freedom
Political unrest
Pull Factors
•Land of opportunity
•Availability of jobs
•Promise of freedom

Chapter 18
Section 4
Starting a new life


Trip by boat was miserable
Many crammed into
steerage, large compartments below decks usually holding cattle

Chapter 18
Section 4

Chapter 18
Section 4




Most people from
Europe went through
Ellis Island
Asian immigrants entered through Angel
Island in San
Francisco
Rigorous physical exams
Disabled and ill could be sent home