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E2473
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
______________________________________________________________
Lao Uplands Food Security Improvement
Project
Environmental and Social
Management Framework
July, 2010
Adoption of PRF Social and Environmental Guidelines
The Lao Uplands Food Security Improvement Project (LUFSIP) will be implemented by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) for parts 1, 2 and 4 in cooperation with the
Poverty Reduction Fund for part 3. All community-based activities will be undertaken under
Component 2 (support to farmer groups) and Component 3 (small productive infrastructure).
These components will use the implementation structures and safeguard mechanisms already
established by the Poverty Reduction Fund, with additional measures to provide for the
agricultural activities in Component 1 (support to seed multiplication and research stations)
and Component 2 (support to farmer groups). The following Social and Environmental
Guidelines (SEG) developed by the Poverty Reduction Fund will apply to LUFSIP project
activities and constitute the Project’s Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) for LUFSIP. These Guidelines have received World Bank clearance and have been
publically disclosed on 08 April 2008.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................ 4
1.
Objectives and Legal Framework of the Social and Environmental Guidelines ....... 5
2.
Types of Prohibited Activities ......................................................................................... 7
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Framework for Resettlement and Acquisition of Land or Assets (FRALA) .............. 8
Policy context and scope of coverage: ............................................................................... 8
Guiding Principles for Involuntary Resettlement............................................................... 8
Procedures for Voluntary Contributions and Contributions with Compensation .............. 9
Right to complain and take legal action ........................................................................... 11
Verification....................................................................................................................... 11
Procedures to be adopted in relation to the FRALA ........................................................ 11
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Approach for Inclusion of All Ethnic Groups ............................................................. 15
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 15
Ethnic Groups in Lao PDR............................................................................................... 15
Policy context ................................................................................................................... 16
Challenges faced by vulnerable ethnic groups ................................................................. 18
Difficulties encountered during PRF cycles 1 to 5 .......................................................... 19
New strategies .................................................................................................................. 22
Procedures that will be adopted after Cycle V ................................................................. 23
5.
Feedback and Conflict Resolution Mechanism ........................................................... 24
6.
Physical Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 24
7.
a)
b)
Environmental Management Framework ................................................................... 26
Environmental Management Strategies ........................................................................... 26
Training ............................................................................................................................ 29
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pest Management……………………………………………………………………29
Pest Management Strategy……………………………………………………………29
Procurment, storage and usage of pesticide…………………………………………..30
Training……………………………………………………………………………….31
Monitoring………………………………………………………………………….....31
Annex 1 – Subproject Proposal Form (Template)
Annex 2 – Simple Environmental Assessment Templates
Annex 3 – Typical Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Annex 4 – Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Form (Template)
Annex 5 – Regulation number 2860/MAF
Annex 6 – List of Eligible and banned Pesticide
3
LIST OF ACRONYMS
BCC
CP
DDF
DOA
ESMF
EG
GoL
KB
IEC
MBO
MIS
NGO
NESDP
NGPES
NTFP
O&M
PAP
PRA
PRF
SESM
TA
UNDP
VNPA
VP
Behaviour Change Communication
Community Participation
District Develop Fund
Department of Agriculture
Environmental and Social Management Framework
Ethnic Groups
Government of Lao PDR
Koumban
Information, Education, Communication
Mass-Based Organizations
Management Information System
Non-Governmental Organizations
National Economic and Social Development Plan
National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy
Non Timber Forest Product
Operation and Maintenance
Person Affected by Project
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Poverty Reduction Fund
Social and Environmental Safeguards Manual
Technical Assistant
United Nations Development Program
Village Need Priority Assessment
Village Profile
4
1) Objectives of the Social and Environmental Management Framework
The Social and Environmental Management Framework (ESMF) deal with the guidelines,
policies and procedures to be used to avoid or minimize adverse environmental and social
impacts of subprojects and to ensure that they meet with the requirements of the World Bank
as described in its safeguards policies. Implementation will be carried out in accordance with
Lao PDR’s national policy and legislation, and will comply with the World Bank Safeguards
Policies.
The objective of this framework is to provide the national, provincial and district government,
the LUFSIP team, consultants, village officials, private and public sector agencies with
adequate guidance for effectively addressing environmental and social safeguards in
designing and implementing LUFSIP subprojects by adopting a community-driven approach
in developing and implementing subprojects.
Since most subprojects are very small, no major environmental and adverse social impacts are
expected. The program will, by the nature of the decision-making process, not fund any
investment that is not acceptable to the majority of villagers involved, and to all of the
villagers directly affected. Decisions on the allocation of funds are made by villagers
themselves, through a negotiation process, and with information provided by program
facilitators and technicians. The majority of the villagers in the districts in which LUFSIP
will be implemented are from vulnerable ethnic groups. Therefore the subprojects are
designed to enhance the impact on and be inclusive of all ethnic groups.
However, small-scale civil works may require minor land acquisition or may need special
attention to the social or environmental aspects. In addition, the project will procure pesticide
to be used in Rice Seed Center and selected farmer groups for rice seed multiplication in case
of pest invasions at project area. Thus, these guidelines prescribe a screening and review
process for all subprojects that may cause adverse impacts on the environment or people;
procedures to avoid or mitigate these impacts; feedback and conflict resolution mechanism;
and procedures for monitoring and evaluation. Screening and review will take place prior to
submission of subproject proposals to the district meeting.
Preliminary screening will also be needed to assess the presence of Unexploded Ordinances
(UXOs) and the danger they may impose on local subproject activities. As many districts
throughout the Lao PDR are adversely affected by the presence of UXOs clearance may be
required as a preliminary stage of subproject activities. The Technical Guidelines provide the
procedures to be used in this regard. The PRF should seek advice from UXO Lao and local
communities and authorities during the subprojects’ technical feasibility study in order to
determine the levels of contamination of the subproject sites. (No contamination, moderate
and high). In the areas with no contamination, subproject activities and construction can
proceed without having to undertake any UXO screening activities.
The relevant WB safeguard policies are summarized in Table 1.
5
Table 1: Selected WB social safeguards policies and
core requirements under each safeguard policy
World Bank Policies
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
Pest Management (OP 4.09
Involuntary Resettlement and Land
Acquisition (OP/BP 4.12)
Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10)
Summary of Core requirements
Public Consultation
The World Bank’s Environmental
Assessment (EA) Policy is triggered due to
some civil work being involved in
subprojects. However, most adverse impacts
will be highly localized to the subproject
site, temporary in nature and easily mitigated
through careful site selection, good
construction practices and sensible
management of the completed subproject.
Environmental issues will be identified,
mitigated and monitored using
Environmental Management Framework in
the ESMF which is applicable for all the
subprojects.
The World Bank’s Pest Management policy
is triggered since the funds will be used for
procuring pesticide as requested during the
project negotiation. The eligible pesticide for
the Bank finances project is referring to the
World Health Organization's Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and
Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO
1994-95). They must be in the following
criteria: (a) must have negligible adverse
human health effects; (b) must be shown to
be effective against the target species;
(c) must have minimal effect on nontarget
species and the natural environment; and
(d) use must take into account the need to
prevent the development of resistance in
pests.
No involuntary resettlement or land
acquisition by implementing agencies is
expected under this Project. However, one
project component has communities
deciding where to build small
infrastructures. Therefore a Framework has
been developed to ensure that any land
allocation for these infrastructures is done
through voluntary contribution or with
appropriate compensation by communities.
Thus, the policy is triggered as a precaution
to prevent any involuntary resettlement or
land acquisition.
The Program will follow the key principles
of the WB’s policy concerning ethnic groups
which are to “ensure that indigenous peoples
do not suffer adverse impacts during the
development process,” and that they receive
“culturally compatible social and economic
benefits.” Ethnic groups in Lao PDR,
include ethnic groups such as the MonKhmer, Hmong-Mien, Sino-Tibetan and Tai
upland ethno-linguistic groups, who are
vulnerable and who meet the characteristics
used in the WB’s policy. These groups form
the majority in most of the districts in which
the program works hence the whole program
is designed to comply with the OP/BP 4.10.
EA Policy requires that program proponent
consults with program-affected groups and
local NGOs about the subproject’s
environmental aspects and takes their views
into account. This consultation will take
place during subproject identification and
design phases, and the results will be
incorporated into the subproject design and
mitigation measures.
Training will be provided to the extension
staff and farmer groups on the best
practicing pesticide and ensure them to take
actions to mitigate these risks; conduct
consultation MAF’s regulation number
2860/MAF in all project areas as part of
ESMF implementation. Consultations and
trainings conducted will make the users
aware of Bank requirement that any
pesticides it finances be manufactured,
packaged, labeled, handled, stored, disposed
of, and applied according to standards
acceptable to the Bank.
Consult program affected persons (PAPs)
and host community; hold meetings to
document contributions and agree on
compensation to be provided by the
community. Document agreements from all
affected persons. Provide grievance
mechanism.
Identify ethnic groups in each village and
ensure they can engage fully in the
participatory processes of the subproject.
Recruit ethnic facilitators, and train
facilitators to work with ethnic groups and
prepare materials in local languages. Consult
ethnic groups from subproject planning,
implementation and monitoring and
evaluation. Involve MBOs to assist in
subproject planning and implementation.
6
Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
The PRF will investigate and provide
inventory of cultural resources that are
potentially affected and where impacts
cannot be avoided, mitigation measures will
be funded from the subproject.
Involuntary Resettlement and Land
Acquisition (OP/BP 4.12)
No involuntary resettlement or land
acquisition by implementing agencies is
expected under this Project. However, one
project component has communities
deciding where to build small
infrastructures. Therefore a Framework has
been developed to ensure that any land
allocation for these infrastructures is done
through voluntary contribution or with
appropriate compensation by communities.
Thus, the policy is triggered as a precaution
to prevent any involuntary resettlement or
land acquisition.
Consult and document affected resources
with program affected groups, concerned
national, provincial and district government
offices/authority and relevant MBOs.
Identify options to avoid impact, or agree on
mitigation measures to be included in the
subproject.
Consult program affected persons (PAPs)
and host community; hold meetings to
document contributions and agree on
compensation to be provided by the
community. Document agreements from all
affected persons. Provide grievance
mechanism.
A joint screening form will be applied during subproject design phase for all environmental
and social safeguards. The following sections will detail the procedures for complying with
each of these policies.
2) Types of Prohibited Activities
To avoid certain adverse impacts on the environment and people, a number of activities are
excluded from the menu of eligible subproject investments. These activities concern both
environment and social impacts and are described below.
The Program will not fund new roads; electrical, gasoline or diesel generators or pumps;
chain saws, asbestos; or other investments detrimental to the environment. No new settlement
or expansion of existing settlements will be supported in critical habitats, protected areas or
areas proposed for protection. Where settlements already exist proposals for funding should
be in compliance with any local regulations on land management and other provisions of the
protected area management plan. No road construction or rehabilitation of any kind will be
allowed inside critical habitats and existing or proposed protected areas.
The Program will not fund the acquisition of land under any conditions and involuntary
resettlement is not allowed. However some resettlement or land acquisition may occur on a
voluntary basis or with compensation paid by the village's own funds in some of the
subproject. These subprojects will undergo review by facilitators and any voluntary
movement or resettlement of more than five households or household structures will need
special approval from the National Executive Office in Vientiane prior to decision at the
district level meeting.
The program will not support government programs involving village consolidation and/or
resettlement that are not consistent with Bank safeguard policies.
Any activity unacceptable to vulnerable ethnic groups in a village of mixed ethnic
composition cannot be funded without prior review. Activities that will have significant
adverse impacts on vulnerable ethnic groups in villages and in neighboring villages cannot be
funded.
7
3) Framework for Resettlement and Acquisition of Land or Assets (FRALA)
The Framework for Resettlement and Acquisition of Lands and Asset (FRALA) is designed
to provide policy and implementation procedures covering all aspects of resettlement or
acquisition of land or assets that need to be addressed in the implementation of the subproject.
a) Policy context and scope of coverage:
In Lao PDR, compensation principles and policy framework for land acquisition and
resettlement are governed by several laws, decrees and regulations as follows: (a) The
Constitution (1991), (b) the Land Law (2003)1, (c) Road Law (1999). (d) Decree of the Prime
Minister on Compensation and Resettlement of People Affected by Development Project (No.
192/PM, dated 7 July 2005), and (e) Regulations for Implementing Decree of the Prime
Minister on Compensation and Resettlement of People Affected by Development Project
(No.2432/STEA, dated 11 November 2005). The Prime Ministers Decree 192/PM is broadly
in line with the World Bank policy OP/BP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and the guiding
principles of these policies are espoused in the FRALA.
Involuntary resettlement or land acquisition by implementing agencies is not permitted under
this Project. However, communities may decide to allocate land for the construction of small
infrastructures. The guidelines and procedures therefore focus on monitoring and ensuring
that all resettlement or acquisition of land or assets is indeed voluntary, and describing the
procedures for resettlement or acquisition in the implementation of subprojects through
voluntary contribution, or compensation by communities own funds.
The broad Program description and components can be found in section 1.5 of the Operation
Manual.
b) Guiding Principles for Involuntary Resettlement
The guiding principles for Involuntary Resettlement according to the laws of Lao PDR and
the WB safeguard policies are:
a. Acquisition of land and other assets should be avoided when feasible and otherwise
minimized;
b. If any persons are to be adversely affected, mitigation measures must provide them
with sufficient opportunities to improve, or at least restore, incomes and living
standards;
c. Lost assets should be replaced in kind, or compensated at replacement cost;
d. Compensation should be paid in full, net of taxes, fees or any other deductions for any
purpose;
e. If any persons are required to relocate, transfer costs and subsistence allowances will
be paid in addition to compensation at replacement cost for lost structures and other
assets.
f. Absence of legal title to land or other affected assets will not be a barrier to
compensation or other suitable forms of assistance;
1
The Land Law 04/NA of 21 October 2003 supersedes the earlier Law 01 /NA 12 April 1997.
8
g. Adversely affected persons will be provided information relating to impacts and
entitlements, will be consulted as to their preferences regarding implementation
arrangements, and will be informed regarding methods and procedures for pursuing
grievances.
No involuntary resettlement or land acquisition is allowed in the program and therefore no
procedures have been included in the program manuals to address this. The Framework
therefore defines terms and provides guidance for voluntary acquisition of land or other assets
(including restrictions on asset use) caused by subproject implementation either through
contribution or with compensation by communities and establishes principles and procedures
to be followed to ensure equitable treatment for, and rehabilitation of, any persons adversely
affected by subproject implementation. This Framework refers solely to LUFSIP activities
which will be implemented by PRF and MAF’s agencies.
c) Procedures for Voluntary Contributions and Contributions with Compensation
The objective of these guidelines is to ensure that the acquisition of land is minimized and
does not result in persons losing their home or suffering any decline in income, livelihood, or
living standards as a result of the subproject implementation.
Principles of the Procedures






Land acquisition will be kept to an absolute minimum and no person will be
involuntarily displaced under the Program.
The Program will not fund the acquisition of land under any conditions: it cannot
approve the use of grant funds for any purchase or rental/lease agreement with
any group or individual.
Some land acquisition or relocation may occur in the implementation of
subprojects, but only on a voluntary basis or with compensation (possibly in-kind)
provided by the community.
Subproject proposals that would require the demolition of houses or the
acquisition of productive land, permanently or temporary, must be carefully
reviewed by District Coordinators and approved by the Provincial LUFSIP and/or
PRF Office. The review process should confirm that no satisfactory alternative is
available, that affected persons have been informed about their rights to
compensation and ensure that they have agreed with the arrangements.
A description of the resettlement or land acquisition impact must be included in
the subproject proposal.
Subprojects with more than 100 persons affected, in which more than 10% of an
individual’s holdings is affected, or for subprojects with more than five
households or structures being resettled or moved will require preparation of a
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report which needs to be reviewed and
approved at the national level.
As it will not be possible in many cases to eliminate the need for acquisition, the
guidelines allow for acquiring assets through the following two methods:
Voluntary Contributions: Community members have the right to make a contribution of
their land or other assets, or to move their homes temporarily or permanently, without
9
seeking or being given compensation. This can often be justified because the subproject
will either increase the value of the remaining property or provide some other direct
benefit to the affected people. Voluntary contribution is an act of informed consent.
District Facilitators must assure that voluntary contributions are made with the prior
knowledge that other options are available, and are obtained without coercion or duress.
Proposals including voluntary contributions will not be submitted for approval where they
would significantly harm incomes or living standards of individual owners or users (the
amount contributed on a voluntary basis should not exceed 5% of that individual’s
holding).
Contributions with compensation: Persons who contribute their land or other assets have
the right to seek and receive compensation (the subproject grant cannot be used to pay
compensation). In such cases, District Coordinators will ensure that the following means
of compensation are agreed upon and provided before works are undertaken:
a) Replacement of land with an equally productive plot or other equivalent
productive assets;
b) Materials and assistance to replace fully solid structures that will be
demolished;
c) Replacement of damaged crops, at market value;
d) Other acceptable in-kind compensation.
Consultation Principles
The village must ensure that all the people affected by the subproject are consulted at a
public meeting in the village. During this meeting, which should happen during the
subproject design phase, their right to compensation must be explained, as well as such
alternatives as found in the guidelines. Formal minutes of the meeting (to be filled in a
compensation form) are made and will include the main points of discussion as well as
any decisions reached, including:
a) For voluntary contributions, the name of the affected person and details of the
contribution;
b) For compensated assets, the names of the persons receiving compensation, and
details of the type and amount of compensation,
c) In addition, the minutes will contain the signatures of the affected persons and
the village chief. There will be notes about complaints made by the affected
persons. Also, a map will show the location of the affected assets.
The Koumban facilitator will deliver a copy of the above notes to all those people who are
affected by the subproject, to determine directly their wishes in regards to compensation,
their perception of whatever agreements had been reached, and their complaints (if any).
As the process of determining compensation is the responsibility of the village, wherein
the facilitator has no decision-making power, the Koumban facilitator is bound to do the
following:

He or she must delay final approval until all persons affected by the subproject are
satisfied with the compensation they are to receive, even if this causes a stalemate,
10
the changing of design, or lengthy negotiations. Outsiders must not intervene to
impose a solution.

He or she must delay implementation until compensation is realized. Whenever a
subproject has reached the implementation stage, the senior consultants,
government officials, and donor should assume that compensation has been
successfully delivered.
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report
A Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report is required where subprojects affect more
than 100 people, or in which more than 10% of an individuals holding is affected, or for
subprojects for which more than five households or structures are moved. District
Coordinators will support the villagers in preparing the Report and provincial staff will
provide input as needed. The Community Development Officers at the provincial office
must first review the Report and then forward it to the National LUFSIP and/or PRF
Office for approval. No subproject requiring a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report
will be submitted to the District Decision Meeting unless the National LUFSIP and/or
PRF Office has approved it. A template for the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report
will be developed by the National Office.
d) Right to complain and take legal action
All complaints should be handled and solved at the village level. If the problem cannot be
solved in the village, complaints and legal action against these guidelines, the
implementation of agreements found in the minutes, or other grievances can be filed
according to the procedures summarized in Section 4 of this chapter and detailed in
Chapter 5.5 of the Operation Manual dealing with the Feedbacks and Conflict Resolution
Mechanism.
e) Verification
LUFSIP and/or PRF will keep all forms in district offices. At any time, all records
regarding compensation, including minutes of the meeting and proof of receiving
compensation must be available for inspection by the District Coordinator, Provincial
consultants, auditors, and persons assigned to monitor aspects of the subproject by the
subproject Secretariat. The Village Minutes and evidence of compensation having been
made shall be provided to the Koumban facilitator assisting the village, to supervising
engineers, auditors and socio-economic monitors when they undertake reviews under the
subproject.
f) Procedures to be adopted in relation to the FRALA
Steps
Step 1.
Training of program
staff and facilitators
Description

PRF principles, procedures, rules,
regulations, structure and organization, the
subproject menu and prohibited activities,
methods to conduct VNPA meetings
during the 1st year, the 2nd year, the Social
Reference Tools

Training modules
11
Step 2.
Socialization and
information
dissemination


and Environmental Safeguards Guidelines,
differences between PRF Phase 1 and 2
During the socialization meetings and
VNPA, the facilitators will explain the
ESMF and record the outcomes in the
minutes;
Refer to the meeting guidelines at the
socialization and VNPA meetings



IEC tool in the form of a
brochure explaining the
FRALA, distributed at
the village level
IEC tool: separate
pamphlet (to be placed on
Koumban news board)
Develop meeting
guidelines.
Village Profile form in
the Manual of Operations
Step 3.
Village profile to
screen for migrations/
relocation

In VP, two types of resettlements –
physical relocation and administrative
consolidation - will be tracked,
distinguished from temporary (or seasonal)
migration.

Step 4.
Training of Koumban
teams

PRF principles, policies, process, working
method, menu of eligible subprojects and
prohibited activities.
The ESMF
Training for the Koumban team on how to
complete form and write minutes
Subprojects proposed for selection are
described in details: what is to be built or
carried out, size, beneficiaries (men,
women, vulnerable ethnic groups),
location and timing, responsibility in
terms of implementation, organization for
efficient operation and sustainable
maintenance, estimated cost, community
contribution (amount and nature: kind,
labor or cash), amount of PRF grant and
method for procurement.
Environmental and social checklists and
assessment templates
Separate meeting with affected persons to
agree on mitigation measures,
contribution, or compensation.
Form signed by each villager affected and
village head

Training modules


Meeting guidelines
Social and Environment
Assessment templates
Revised subproject
proposal form (including
checklists); see Manual of
Operations
VNPA Meeting’s Form


Step 5.
Subproject proposal
preparation


Step 6.
Meeting to decide
contribution or
compensation




 Meeting guidelines
 MIS Report providing
the number of
subprojects that involve
resettlement and
acquisition of lands,
number of villagers
affected by resettlement
and acquisition of lands
 IEC tool: Voluntary
contribution Compensation
by Communities
 Contribution and
Compensation Form
documenting each
individual agreement and
signed by all affected
people
12
Step 7.
Preparation of Land
Acquisition and
Resettlement report
(if required)
Step 8.
Verification and
approval process





Step 9.
Monitoring
Step 10.
Grievance and
feedback



Facilitators assist villagers to prepare the
report.
 Template for Land
Acquisition and
Resettlement report
Approval given during the district
decision meeting by the village authorities
at the Koumban and district levels
District Officers monitor procedures are
followed, check and approve Contribution
and Compensation meeting minutes
LAR report checked by Community
Development officer and sent to National
PRF Office for approval
All approvals must be received before
subproject implementation commences
Monitoring will be carried out by the
PRF. One report will be prepared by the
Koumban facilitators detailing the process
related to resettlement and compensation.
Feedback and Conflict Resolution
Mechanism
See related chapter in the Manual of
Operations
 MIS forms and follow-up
guidelines,
 Develop Feedback and
Conflict Resolution
Mechanism
Key definitions
Land Acquisition: A process by which any person is compelled to relinquish ownership,
possession, control or use of all or part of their land, structures, or other assets. This
includes land or assets for which the possessor or user enjoys customary or uncontested
access but lacks legal title (e.g. trees, grazing rights, cultivatable land).
Program-Affected Person: Any person who, on account of the execution of a subproject
would have either their:
(i) Right, title or interest in any house, land (including residential, agricultural and
grazing land) or any other fixed or movable asset acquired or possessed, in full or
in part, permanently or temporarily; or
(ii) Business, occupation, work, place of residence or habitat adversely affected; or
(iii) Standard of living adversely affected.
Replacement Cost: The principle of valuation used to determine appropriate compensation
for lost land or other assets. Replacement cost refers to the amount necessary for actual
replacement of the lost asset. To achieve replacement cost, assets cannot be depreciated
for age or prior use. Replacement cost also is net of taxes, fees, or any other deductions
for any other purpose. The Program funds cannot be used to pay such costs; therefore
proposals must explain how the village will provide appropriate compensation where this
is necessary.
13
Summary of FRALA
Screening
Voluntary
contribution
without
compensation
(no more than 5% of
individuals holdings)
Procedures



Record affected
persons and details
of contributions in
the Compensation
form.
Compensation form
signed by affected
villagers and village
head.
PRF keeps forms in
district offices.
No
Contribution
with
compensation by
community
(up to 10% of individual
holdings, less than 100
people affected or up to 5
houses moved)



Record affected
villagers and details
of compensation in
the compensation
form.
Compensation form
signed by affected
villagers and village
head.
PRF keeps forms in
district offices.
No
Contribution with
compensation by
community
(more than 10% of individual
holdings, more than 100
people affected, or more than
5 houses demolished)



Prepare Land
Acquisition or
Resettlement Report
Obtain approval
from National Office
PRF keeps report in
National Office.
4) Approach for Inclusion of All Ethnic Groups
a) Introduction
The purpose of this Approach for Inclusion of All Ethnic Groups is to ensure that the
Program follows the key principles of the World Bank’s policy concerning ethnic groups
(OP/BP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples), which are to “ensure that indigenous peoples do not
suffer adverse impacts during the development process... and that they receive culturally
compatible social and economic benefits”; and also to ensure that the concerns of all
ethnic groups are met through the design of the Program itself as well as in accordance to
government policy. Thus, this Plan aims at assuring that throughout the LUFSIP and
PRF’s subprojects’ implementation the cultures of the multi-ethnic society are respected
and that gender issues are integrated at all levels.
The LUFSIP and PRF will be implemented in districts included on the government’s list
of 47 priority districts. These districts represent 20 percent of the population of Lao PDR,
but an estimate of 55 percent of the poor population. Moreover, the population in the 47
priority districts is more than 80 per cent from non Lao-Tai ethnic groups. In this respect,
the vast majority of the program beneficiaries are expected to be from the vulnerable
ethnic groups and the subproject itself is designed to comply with OP/BP 4.10.
The LUFSIP and PRF will, by the nature of the community decision-making process, not
fund any investment that is not acceptable to the majority of villagers involved, and to all
of the villagers directly affected. Decisions on the allocation of funds are made by
villagers themselves, through a negotiation process, and with information provided by
program facilitators and technicians. Vulnerable ethnic groups are concentrated in the
government’s priority poverty districts where subprojects will be implemented. Therefore
the subprojects are designed to ensure consultation with, enhance the impact on, and be
inclusive of all ethnic groups. With the majority of project activities focused in areas with
vulnerable ethnic groups, the entire project is considered an ethnic group development
program.
The following sections provide background on the ethnic groups in Lao PDR and the
issues they face, and explain the steps that will be taken in the program to ensure they
benefit fully, and appropriately, from program activities. These guidelines are also
developed to ensure the full participation of vulnerable ethnic groups who i) speak a
language different from the official language of the country; ii) maintain their own
separate ethnic identity through their dressing codes and customary and traditional
practices which are different to what is common in other parts of the country.
b) Ethnic Groups in Lao PDR
Lao PDR is characterized by a variety of cultural groups. Although their numbers have
differed, specialists mostly agree on the following classification: there are four main ethno
linguistic groups, including the majority Lao Tai which comprises 66 percent of the
population. These four groups are further sub-divided into 49 officially recognized sub
groups, and again into more than 200 smaller groups (See Table 2 for a summary of the
main characteristics associated with the four ethno-linguistic groups).
Table 2: Ethnicity of Population2
EthnoLinguistic
Language
Family
Summary Characteristics
Tai Kadai
Lao Phoutai
65% of the population, living mostly along the economically vibrant
Mekong corridor along the Thai border or in Northern lowlands;
settled cultivators or urban dwellers; migrated into Lao PDR since
the 13th century ; Buddhists.
Austroasiatic
Mon Khmer
24% of the population, living mainly in highland areas in the North
and Central South, smaller groups (Khmou) live also in the Northern
lowlands; the most diverse ethnic group and the first one to inhabit
large areas of Lao PDR; animist and shifting cultivators; fairly
assimilated due to hundreds of years of interaction with Lao-Tai,
single communities live in isolation as hunter-gatherers.
Hmong - lu
Mien
Hmong Yao
8% of the population, living mainly in mid- and upland areas in the
North; Hmong is the largest subgroup; animist with strong ancestor
cults, although many converted to Christianity; typically shifting
cultivators, migrated to Lao PDR in the 19th century.
Chine –
Tibetan
Tibeto
Burman
3% of the population, living mainly in poorly-connected upland
areas in the North; animist and shifting cultivators; migrated to Lao
PDR in the 19th century.
c) Policy context
The official terminology for describing the diverse population of the Lao People’s
Democratic Republic is ‘citizens of all ethnicity’. This terminology, introduced with the
1991 Constitution, acknowledges the need to incorporate all ethnic groups’ concerns in all
sectors of the developing policy.
While article 89 of the Constitution specifically indicates that “the Lao language and
script are the official language and script.” 3 ; article 8 relates to ethnic groups as it
specifies that there exists unity and equality among all groups, who also have the right to
protect, preserve, and promote the customs and cultures of their own and that of the
nation. Likewise, the State is committed to gradually develop and upgrade the socioeconomic conditions of different ethnic groups and to prohibit all acts that could create
division and discrimination among them. The basis of the GoL’s approach to Ethnic
Groups is articulated in the 1992 Resolution of Party Central Organization for which:
The main objectives are
 Accomplishment of equality between ethnic groups
 Increasing the level of solidarity among ethnic groups as members of the
greater Lao nation
 Preventing problems which results from inflexible and vengeful thinking
as well as economic and cultural inequality
Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern Region Sustainable Livelihoods Development Project,
Indigenous Peoples Development Plan, Document Stage: Final Project Number: 35297, August 2006, Prepared
by the Government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic for the Asian Development Bank (ADB), page 5 and
NSC/CPI, ADB, SIDA and the World Bank, 2006
3
Lao PDR: Proposed Sector Development Program Asian Development Fund Grants Lao People's Democratic
Republic: Basic Education Sector Development Program, Gender and Ethnic Groups Development Plan,
Document Stage: Draft, Project Number: 32312, July 2006, page 3.
2
16
In sum, this shall be achieved through:
 Strengthening of national thinking and feelings
 Gradually improving the living conditions of the ethnic groups
 Promoting the cultural heritage and ethnic identity of each group as well
as their capacity to participate in the affairs of the nation (Pholsena
2003).
Furthermore, the National Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (2004) and the
National Socio-Economic Development Plan 2006-2010, which integrates the NGPES,
lay out the Government’s policies on poverty reduction. In particular the poverty
reduction strategy articulated in the NESDP has five components, of which three are
pertinent to the PRF:



Provision and effective use of basic social services
Participation and empowerment
Development of the 47 poorest, and 25 poor areas which includes the
following:
o Preparation of focal area development plans for Koumbans
(groups of villages) in pilot districts
o Targeted interventions including focal area development, village
development funds, and poverty reduction fund.4
The NESDP also includes guidelines for remote village development which refers
specifically to the ethnic groups who mostly inhabit these areas:
Develop and implement the socio economic development plan in remote, ethnic
areas. Strive to supply the necessary infrastructure for these villages.
Reduce the disparity of living conditions among different ethnic groups.
Encourage and promote permanent settlement to ensure production. Upgrade
living conditions in accordance with their traditions and based on the focus
village arrangements …….
Improve and expand … education, health care, culture, and information for
ethnic groups. ….
Additionally, the Ethnic Groups Committee under the National Assembly is
charged with responsibility for drafting and evaluating proposed legislation
concerning ethnic minorities. Implementation of the Party's policy on ethnic
groups is tasked to the Lao Front for National Construction (LFNC). The
mandate of the Institute for Linguistic Research includes research on languages
and writing systems, and coordination on matters of curriculum and research.
The Ministry of Education has a Gender and Ethnic Minority Unit tasked with
developing appropriate strategies and monitoring sector policies and impacts
on these groups5.
4
Lao PDR Poverty and Social Impact Analysis: Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs on Ethnic Minorities and
Women, draft, June 2007, Document of the World Bank, page 35
5
Additional Annex 11: Social Assessment and Ethnic Group Development Plan, Lao People's Democratic
Republic: Second Education Development Project, page 3
http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/07/22/000094946_03070304043562/Rendered/I
NDEX/multi0page.txt
17
Ethnic poverty in Lao PDR still remains concentrated in upland areas inhabited largely by
remote ethnic communities. Moreover, the cultural and linguistic differences are greater
among many of these upland communities. Actually, often due to their remote location,
the ethnic groups have comparatively less access to government services. As such, this
higher incidence of poverty makes them more vulnerable socially and economically.
Furthermore, even though the quantitative analysis of the Lao Expenditure and
Consumption Surveys (LECS) shows that poverty fell from 39 per cent in 1997-98 to 33
percent in 2002-03, there still exist wide regional and ethnic discrepancies.
Rural poverty at 38 percent is far higher than urban poverty at 20 percent,
and the majority Lao Tai group have a 25 percent poverty incidence while for
the Mon Khmer the figure is more than twice as high at 54 percent6.
Table 3: Ethnic Group Poverty Patterns in Lao PDR, 2002/3
% of National Population
Incidence of Poverty
Headcount Index (% of pop.)
100.0
Total Lao PDR
By Geographic Area
Urban
23.0
Rural
77.0
With all-season road
Without all-season road
By Ethnic Group
Lao-Tai
66.6
Mon-Khmer
20.6
Hmong-lu Mien
8.4
Chine-Tibet
3.3
Source: World Bank 2005 based on LECS3
19.7
37.6
31.4
46.2
25.0
54.3
40.3
45.8
d) Challenges faced by vulnerable ethnic groups
The challenges faced by vulnerable ethnic groups in Lao PDR can be grouped into three
areas. The first is linked to transitions taking place in the uplands. Indeed, the marketeconomy, the changes taking place at the village level (for example mixed villages) and
issues related to land use, have a direct impact on ethnic groups’ lifestyles and quality of
life; and may contribute to increasing the ethnic groups’ vulnerabilities. In fact, it
appears that vulnerable ethnic groups may not be able to make the most out of the
market-economy opportunities with women being the least able to. Secondly,
institutional changes, such as the creation of the Koumban committees, also have a
direct impact on vulnerable ethnic groups insofar as they demonstrate the difficulties
faced by these groups in accessing information and being represented in decisionmaking; thus, contributing to negotiation discussions that may be imbalanced. Lastly,
the changes mentioned above, also have an impact on traditional gender roles that may
lead to persistent gaps between men and women, especially those belonging to
vulnerable ethnic groups.
6
Lao PDR Poverty and Social Impact Analysis: Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs on Ethnic Minorities and
Women, draft, June 2007, Document of the World Bank, page 21
18
e) Difficulties encountered during PRF cycles 1 to 5
The first main difficulty encountered pertains to language obstacles that limit non-Lao
speaking communities’ participation. Also, villages with very high proportions of poor
households have difficulties in participating in the planning process 7 because of this
language barrier. Furthermore, a lack of translation services between Lao and the other
ethnic groups’ languages is a major constraint, especially on women’s participation 8 .
Second, even though women are included in a formal sense; in the actual decisionmaking, at least on higher levels, they are only playing a marginal role. Additionally, large
numbers of women in the Koumban team are illiterate; similarly it may be difficult for
some women to get involved as village representatives because they do not speak Lao
fluently and have limited ability to travel; thus, they cannot fully participate in the process
and decision-making. Thirdly, in areas with large vulnerable ethnic groups Koumbans
have difficulties in finding persons that are educated enough to operate financial
transaction and bookkeeping9.
In addition, throughout the PRF process, various problems have been identified and
mitigation measures which will also be applied for the implementation of LUFSIP are
presented in table 4.
Participatory Poverty Assessment II (2006), Lao People’s Democratic Republic, National Statistics Center,
Asian Development Bank, James R. Chamberlain, October 2007, page 10
8
Community-Based Approaches in Lao PDR: A Review of the Poverty Reduction Fund (PRF) and Other
Projects, November 6, 2007, page 22
9
Community-Based Approaches in Lao PDR: A Review of the Poverty Reduction Fund (PRF) and Other
Projects, November 6, 2007, page 22
7
19
Table 4: Issues identified during the PRF’s subprojects’ process
Issues
Language
Gender
Leadership/represent
ativity
PRF until present
 Ethnic groups’ members who do not speak or
understand Lao may be less likely to participate; and
thus may not feel as motivated or empowered.
 The village representatives from the vulnerable ethnic
groups may not understand the proceedings and may
not be able to represent adequately his/her three (3)
village needs. Therefore, at times the village may not be
selected. This may also lead to animosity from the other
villagers because his/her village was not selected.
 Most IEC tools used are in Lao; therefore, those who do
not understand the language cannot comprehend them.
 PRF teams conduct the VNPA meetings at the village
level in Lao. However, Koumban facilitators are not
fluent in Lao.
 Vulnerable ethnic groups cannot fully participate in KB
and District meetings, which are carried out in Lao.
 Difficulties in finding women who speak Lao
 Difficulties in electing women and/or men from
vulnerable ethnic groups to act as Koumban facilitators
or as village representatives due to language barriers
 Women, at the community level, have limited mobility
due to cultural/social constraints (some husbands do not
authorize their wives to go to other villages and
participate in meetings).
 Difficulties in increasing women’s participation ,
especially those belonging to vulnerable ethnic groups
 Vulnerable ethnic group members may be shyer as their
education level is different from that of other villagers.
 Both women and men are divided into two groups. In
many remote villages, a woman in the women’s group
and a man in the men’s group will speak more often
than the rest of the group and will not facilitate the
participation of the vulnerable ethnic groups’ members.
 Difficulty in mixed villages for the newcomers to
become leaders
Procedures adopted to date
 Interpreters are used during all the
meetings.
 Community radio broadcasts concerning the
Program’s process are in vulnerable ethnic
languages: strategy, financial management,
subprojects’ maintenance, community
contribution. This has been accomplished in
three districts: Ta Oi and Samoi in
Saravanne Province and Khoun District in
Xieng Khouang Province.
Potential measures for a greater integration
 Elect one woman or man from each ethnic group to act
as a Koumban facilitator.
 Develop appropriate IEC tools: use visual aid
(pictures, photos etc.) to explain the PRF Program.
 Youth, especially from vulnerable ethnic groups,
broadcast radio spots in vulnerable ethnic languages.
 Separate women and men’s meetings
 One facilitator is a woman
 When selecting the village’s three priority
needs; one must come from the women’s
group.
 Initiatives to increase women’s participation (for
example the quadrant game)
 Provide training
 Provide special training for vulnerable ethnic groups’
village representatives so that they are better able to
represent their village needs during the Koumban
meeting: Negotiation and Communication skills
 There should be the same number of facilitators as of
various ethnic groups.
 Rearrange sitting arrangements so as to seat the
villagers, especially those belonging to vulnerable
ethnic groups, in the middle of the room.
20
Ownership
Facilitation by PRF
and Koumban
facilitators
 Some vulnerable ethnic groups’ villagers do not
understand the O&M of their subproject; thus can not
operate or maintain the infrastructure. Also, some
cannot contribute to the maintenance fund at the village
level due to lack of income. This may contribute to a
reduced feeling of ownership towards the subproject.
 Some PRF and Koumban facilitators do not use
participatory tools (ex: group brainstorming, ranking
exercises etc.), that would enable the Program not only
to gather data on important issues, such as the
community’s vision of development or village poverty
level but also would also facilitate the vulnerable ethnic
groups’ participation.

Community radio broadcasts in local
language concerning the Program’s
process, including O&M. This has been
accomplished in three districts: Ta Oi and
Samoi in Saravanne Province and Khoun
District in Xieng Khouang Province.
 Refresher training for the PRF team and
Koumban facilitators:
 Communication skills with special
emphasis on vulnerable ethnic
groups
 Gender issues
 Participatory planning process
 Organizing meetings (lessons
learned)
 Present the poverty levels of different
villages to establish a consensus amongst
all villagers on who is actually poor;
 The principle “empathy” or siding with the
poor is used to reinforce the consensus.
 Use appropriate IEC tools to sensitize the villagers.
 Share orally key Program documents into the
language of vulnerable ethnic groups
 Youth, especially from vulnerable ethnic groups,
broadcast radio spots
 Cross-visits to other areas
 Every time PRF team evaluates, monitors or
supervises activities in the village, s/he must train the
community in relevant issues such as subproject’s
maintenance; technical terms, planning (in relation to
PRF work and the problems encountered in the area).
 Include local government and officials in training
PRF Guidelines
 The guidelines pertaining to the number of priority
needs that women and men can express is not clear.
 Specify in the guidelines that the PRF will favor two
needs expressed by the women’s group.
Subproject appraisal
 Sometimes subprojects are not feasible in villages
solely inhabited by vulnerable ethnic groups due to the
remoteness: it is difficult to bring the material needed
for the subproject’s implementation
Mixed village
 Newest people are the most vulnerable: no leadership
position. They are living on state land.
 The Koumban and PRF facilitators should use the
problem tree analysis to identify the villagers’ needs.
Then it would be possible for them to understand the
priorities expressed, identify the problems that would
arise during the subproject’s implementation and
select the most appropriate one considering the
village’s resources and specificity.
 The PRF will apply affirmative action towards an
vulnerable ethnic group member from a mixed village
and select him/her
 Village profile and participatory mapping on an
annual basis
 PRF does not work with resettled
communities.
21
f) New strategies
The LUFSIP Program seeks to empower vulnerable ethnic groups by enabling them to
have better access to education, to health services and to roads; thus, a better quality of
life; so that they may also take advantage of different market-economy possibilities. In
addition, the Program aims at expanding the vulnerable ethnic groups’ space for
negotiation and interaction with the government while preserving their cultural
specificities. Through this respect and empathy for diverse cultures, the PRF’s proactive
approach intends not only to provide information but also to increase vulnerable ethnic
groups’ participation in all of the subprojects’ implementation under LUFSIP’s
subprojects. As such, PRF’s main objectives in relation to vulnerable ethnic groups which
applicable to LUFSIP are:

To empower the vulnerable ethnic groups to benefit from development by building
capacity through increasing access to information as well as encouraging part in
decision-making;

To empower the vulnerable ethnic groups in seizing the opportunities brought by
the PRF’s subprojects: access to education via the construction of schools, to
market opportunities via the development of access roads, to a better health via the
building of health centers and water infrastructures.

To promote gender equality and increase the participation of women at all levels of
the PRF’s subprojects’ implementation.
In order to empower vulnerable ethnic groups, the strategies that will be adopted by
LUFSIP include some of the following:

Training on gender and vulnerable ethnic groups provided not only to the LUFSIP
and PRF team as well as the Koumban team and the district officials, so as to
increase awareness and sensitization on these issues;

Increasing the sense of ownership amongst vulnerable ethnic groups also through
the oral sharing of key documents in their ethnic languages;

Maintaining and expanding partnerships with Mass-based organizations, projects
and others involved with vulnerable ethnic groups as well as women;

Piloting new tools such as the IEC material and other Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA) tools (participatory mapping, the pocket chart) as well as new
initiatives (such as the quadrant game) in order to increase confidence and skills to
participate as well as to better integrate vulnerable ethnic groups at the onset of the
subprojects’ implementation;

Increasing access to information or development issues in general;

Using an enhanced village profile that will lead to a better monitoring and
evaluation of the subprojects’ impacts on vulnerable ethnic groups as well as a
better tracking of the differences in terms of ethnic groups’ composition at the
village level.
The following table presents other activities that may permit a better integration of
vulnerable ethnic groups under LUFSIP program implementation.
22
g) Procedures that will be adopted for LUFSIP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Train LUFSIP and PRF staff, Koumban facilitators in gender and ethnic sensitization
(See Training manual).
Share orally key Program documents into local language during the cross Koumban
meeting.
Village profile: include data on different ethnic groups living in the village and levels
of poverty. Update data annually (See Operation Manual). Simple mapping presenting
ethnic groups’ concentration in villages.
Provide capacity building to village representatives, especially those who belong to
vulnerable ethnic groups (See Training manual).
Supervision in local ethnic language.
Conduct workshops and training on relevant issues for vulnerable ethnic groups (See
Training manual).
Organize study visits between Koumban facilitators working in villages where there
are different ethnic groups on the methods, difficulties, solutions retained when
integrating, socializing and mobilizing vulnerable ethnic groups.
Learning experience from other countries through research and study tours.
Link with key partners experienced in vulnerable ethnic groups’ participation,
mobilization (such as the following MBO: LWU, Lao Front for National
Construction) in the areas of provision of training, monitoring and evaluation and
other areas which are complementary.
Youth, especially those from vulnerable ethnic groups, broadcast radio spots on the
community radio.
Exchange experiences among ethnic groups living in other villages.
Recruit qualified personnel from vulnerable ethnic groups, especially women.
Monitor and evaluate LUFSIP vulnerable ethnic groups’ coverage and support. This
could also include ad hoc studies related to vulnerable ethnic groups done by
consultants according to the Program’s needs (ex: Studies to identify potential adverse
effects on vulnerable ethnic groups to be induced by the Program, and to identify
measures to avoid, mitigate, or compensate for these adverse effects).
23
5) Feedback and Conflict Resolution Mechanism
The Purpose of the Feedback and Conflict Resolution Mechanism is to ensure that the
LUFSIP and PRF has in place a system to receive feedbacks/complaints, listen to the
voices of the poor and vulnerable, and resolve the issues effectively and expeditiously.
Such a system will allow the LUFSIP and PRF to be fully responsive to its beneficiary
communities and empower the vulnerable ethnic groups and poor in villages.
Principle of the System
The Program encourages transparency and community ownership, and it is inevitable that
there will be feedbacks/complaints registered as the subproject progresses. Also, at present
the system incorporates the anonymity or confidentiality factor.
Source of Feedbacks/Complaints
In principle, feedbacks can be expressed by anyone involved in the LUFSIP and PRF.
However, this system will be setup exclusively to hear voices from villagers, especially
from the poor and vulnerable (such as vulnerable ethnic groups and women), as these
groups of people are expected to have less means to vocalize.
Means of Receiving Feedbacks
Feedbacks can be made verbally or in a written form. Feedback and Conflict Resolution
Forms (FCRF-Form) are available at the Koumban level, where a “Feedback Box” is
currently located. Plaintiff is encouraged to fill out the CPF-form for investigation, but the
issue can also be explained on plain paper. All feedbacks in written form should be
submitted to the Feedback Box.
Feedbacks can also be conveyed verbally by visiting LUFSIP and/or PRF offices. All
feedbacks received must be written on the CPF-Form by the LUFSIP and/or PRF staff.
Types of Feedbacks
Feedbacks may include: misuse of funds; corruption allegations; inappropriate
intervention by outside parties; and violation of Program policies and principles. Many
times, the “feedbacks” may just be simple inquiries about subproject procedures or rules.
Organizational Structure
When a feedback has been referred for investigation, the Feedback and Conflict
Resolution committee at Koumban level will investigate the feedbacks, to discuss and
consult with the involved/affected parties. All feedbacks will initially be dealt with at the
local level. If the feedback cannot be solved at the Koumban level it will be transferred to
next level for further investigation.
For additional information, refer to chapter 5.5 of the Operation Manual.
6) Physical Cultural Resources
The kinds of physical cultural resources that may be affected by subprojects are those that
may have important social or cultural significance, or are part of the cultural identity or
practices of the community, or specific ethnic groups within the community. All efforts
will be made to mitigate impacts on such resources, however in the event that impact is
unavoidable, the affected people should agree on appropriate mitigation actions.
24
Mitigation activities may be included in the subproject proposal, and the costs, for
example, can either be covered through voluntary contribution or included in the costs of
the subproject. Activities in which the costs of mitigating impact to cultural resources
exceed 2 percent of the total subproject costs will not be allowed. The procedures which
will be followed are described below. Each step may be implemented in conjunction with
the EA process provided in Section 6.
Steps
Step 1. Training and
socialization
Description
Relevant documents
Information about Physical
 Socialization Meeting
Cultural Resources and
guidelines
procedures for mitigating
 Training modules
impact included in
socialization and training for
staff and facilitators
Step 2. Participatory planning Facilitators identify physical VNPA meeting guidelines
and subproject preparation
cultural resources at planning
stage
Subproject proposal format
Community discuss options
for avoiding impact
Step 2. Screening
Screening and checklist
Checklist included in
included in subproject
subproject proposal
proposal
District staff follow up where
impact is noted
Step 3.Agreement on
At the Contribution and
Minutes of the meetings will
mitigation measures
compensation meeting, the
include the measures and be
affected villages also discuss signed by representatives of
mitigation measures, or
the affected people
measures to preserve or
restore cultural significance
Step 4. Verification
District Coordinator will
verify that the steps are
appropriate and agreed by the
affected people
Step 5. Grievance
The grievance mechanism
Grievance mechanisms in
can be used by people
Chapter 4
directly affected, to lodge
complaints
When a subproject happens to encounter underground physical cultural resources during
construction, the incident should be reported to a relevant authority in charge and the civil
work is suspended until guidance from the authority is provided. In case the civil work is
sub-contracted, such a ‘chance finds’ mechanism should be included in the contract
obligations.
25
7) Environmental Management Framework
Although the impacts of LUFSIP and PRF subprojects on the environment can not be
denied, they will remain extremely limited because of the nature and scale of the
subprojects.
The following table gives an indication of the land mobilized by the infrastructures
funded by PRF and therefore of the very limited scope of the environmental impact.
Land surface affected by PRF subprojects during the first four cycles.
Infrastructures
Schools
Roads
Maximum size
5 classrooms x
7m x 8 m
=
280 m2
Number of
subprojects
354 schools
2420 km
Width: 3.5 m
Total land surface
0.01 km2
8.47 km2
25 m x 10 m
250 m2
=
9 markets
0.00 km2
(2,250 m2)
Dispensaries
9 m x 11 m
99 m2
=
31
0.00 km2
(3,069 m2)
Water reservoirs10
Ø 100 m =7,850
m2
60 Water
reservoirs
0.47 km2
Markets
Water tanks
10 m3 = 6 m2
1,012 Tanks
Total:
0.01 km2
(6,072 m2)
8.96 km2
The following figures (Cycle I - IV) give additional indications of the limited volume of
the PRF activities in terms of environmental impact:
-
Totality of irrigation channels built and renovated:
35 km
-
Clean water distributed annually to villagers annually
by clean water systems set up with PRF support:
4,250,000 m3
The PRF technical assessment11 conducted in December 2006 assessed the environmental
impacts of the Program and concluded that most subprojects implemented by PRF had
little or no impact on the environment. There were no major case of heavy landslide and
the subproject location did not create any disturbance or prejudice to the villagers. Since
LUFSIP subprojects will partly be implemented by PRF, therefore no or minor
environment impact is expected under LUFSIP. However, since the project will support
small infrastructure works, good construction practices will be included in the Project
Operational Manual to ensure that the potential negative impacts during rehabilitation
and/or construction works is minimized.
a) Environmental Management Strategies
10
For the sake of this calculation, it is considered that half of the irrigation schemes involve the construction of
one reservoir.
11
MEK Consultants Co., Ltd and ACCMIN Consultants Co., Ltd. December 2006. PRF Final Report for
Technical Assessment. Vientiane. Prime Minister Office.
26
In order to minimize the subprojects’ impact on the environment, the PRF has developed
an Environmental Management Framework in compliance with the World Bank’s
Environmental Assessment Policy (OP/BP 4.01) aiming at:
-
Screening and assessing the potential impacts of a proposed subproject before it
is approved;
-
Mitigating the negative impacts of approved subprojects during their design,
construction and implementation and in the long term.
1) Subproject identification phase
Before a subproject is approved, several meetings will be facilitated by the
LUFSIP and/or PRF district staff at village, Koumban and district level. During
these meetings, the LUFSIP and/or PRF staff inform the communities of the
potential environmental risk of the subproject, raise awareness of communities
about the protection of the environment by the communities, and gather
information on areas where a subproject is implemented; for instance, the current
land use of the site, existence of protected area, etc. If the subproject is found to
include activities specified in the prohibited activities in Section 2, it will be
screened out or reconsidered to exclude such activities.
2) Subproject design phase
Subprojects which are submitted by a village and which have been pre-selected
during the Koumban and the district prioritization meetings are then designed by
the villagers with the technical support of the LUFSIP and/or PRF teams.
The Subproject Proposal Form (SPPF) used to document the design includes a
quick environmental screening (see Annex 1) which allows the team to check if
there are any specific risks. LUFSIP and/or PRF teams fill in the form based on the
villagers’ knowledge, on in-situ observations and on prior discussions with district
government staff (in order, for example, to cross-check that the subproject will not
be located in a protected area). At this stage, subproject activities specified as
prohibited in Section 2 are completely excluded from the subproject. If sensitive
environmental issues do not exist and the scale of the subproject is less than the
threshold, further EA work is not required and the subproject follows the standard
operating procedures in the Engineering and Technical Guidelines while
environmental due diligence should be provided, as appropriate, using Annex 3 as
a reference.
If a potential environmental risk is identified, a simple EA is conducted by the
LUFSIP and/or PRF district team (see the Simple Environmental Assessment
Template in Annex 2). Typical environmental impacts and mitigation measures by
subproject category are available in Annex 3 for a reference to conduct the EA and
identify appropriate mitigation measures. A draft EA is disclosed to and consulted
with the village members and other stakeholders to seek and incorporate their
views into the subproject design and mitigation measures. Upon the completion of
draft EA, the LUFSIP and/or PRF team will send the draft EA to the district
government technical staff for review and approval before the subproject is
submitted for approval at district level (district decision meeting).
27
Note: The quick environmental screening included in the SPPF (see Annex 1) has
been revised during the update of the PRF Manual of Operations at the beginning
of 2008. Based on PRF experience, the main environmental risks are not linked to
the size of the infrastructure but rather to the location chosen to build it. However,
it is necessary to be particularly cautious when the size of one infrastructure is
over LUFSIP and PRF standards. As a result the size of the infrastructure is still an
important criterion triggering (or not) the EA but the thresholds were reviewed as
indicated in the excerpt of the updated SPPF below:
Environmental
Assessment
SCALE
a) Environmental Impact
Rural roads, tracks and footpaths
> 10 km
(YES – Tick )
Bridges, ramps and piers
> 20 m
(YES – Tick )
> 200 users
(YES – Tick )
ALL
(YES – Tick )
Domestic Drinking Water systems
Irrigation schemes
Buildings (community halls, health centres, schools, markets)
Sanitation Facilities (latrines)
Mini-hydro generators
2
> 400 m
(YES – Tick )
> 200 users
(YES – Tick )
ALL
(YES – Tick )
Changes are likely to occur in water use and/or water availability
(YES – Tick )
Protected area or area proposed for protection by the Government
(YES – Tick )
Others
Specify_________________________________________________________________
(YES – Tick )
_________________________________________________________________
3) Subproject implementation phase
The implementation of mitigation measures as well as the monitoring and
inspection of environmental consequences is the responsibility of subprojectimplementation communities. Training and awareness raising activities will be
implemented to ensure that communities are aware of subprojects environmental
risks and to ensure them to take actions to mitigate these risks and to increase their
capacity to check that contractors are respecting their obligations in terms of
environmental protection. IEC tools will be developed before the beginning of
LUFSIP and training sessions on environmental protection and good engineer
practice will be conducted by the LUFSIP and/or PRF community development
team at the inception and during the implementation of the subprojects.
Contract templates for sub-contracted work will also be modified to include
specific clauses detailing sub-contractors’ obligations in terms of environmental
protection. LUFSIP and PRF will also expand the clause detailing communities’
commitments in terms of environment protection in the contract signed between
the communities and LUFSIP or PRF.
During the implementation phase, regular technical monitoring visits are
conducted by the LUFSIP and/or PRF team to monitor environmental impacts and
28
inspect the implementation of mitigation measures. When the work is subcontracted, a final inspection visit is organized before handing over the
infrastructure. The LUFSIP and/or PRF team uses a specific form to assess the
quality of the work during the visits which includes an environmental monitoring
and inspection checklist (see Annex 4).
4) Management of UXO related risks
When a proposal is prepared by communities with support from LUFSIP and/or
PRF team, villagers are asked whether there are UXO in the subproject site or in
its vicinity. Their response is documented in the Subproject Proposal Form (SPPF)
and cross-checked with UXO Lao (Lao National Unexploded Ordnances Disposal
Program) district team. Additionally, UXO Lao district team participates in the
district decision meeting and comment on all subprojects in relation to UXO risks.
If there is a potential risk and if the area had not been previously surveyed and / or
cleared by UXO Lao, the LUFSIP and/or PRF will send a letter with the list of all
the subproject sites needing to be surveyed or cleared prior to the beginning of the
implementation phase to UXO Lao both at district and provincial level so that the
sites are included in UXO Lao work plan.
If a potential risk has been identified during the design phase, the LUFSIP and/or
PRF will not transfer the first budget Installment to the Koumban Team unless a
clearance or survey certificate from UXO Lao is attached to the request.
b) Training
Before the beginning subprojects implementation, LUFSIP and PRF will organize training
to LUFSIP and PRF teams on how to use the various checklists, table on typical
environmental impacts and mitigation measures and conduct simple EA during the
subproject cycle in order to ensure proper implementation of the Environmental
Management Framework.
8) Pest Management Framework
The GOL is not intended to support the use of any pesticide and chemical fertilizer in
promotion agricultural productivity; however the country has experienced severe pest
invasions, including in Project areas. The GOL is therefore may have to use some
pesticides to limit losses and damages to rice seed production due to pests. Project funds
could be used to procure pesticides for rice seed production activity at the centers and
selected farmer groups, if needed. The pesticides will only be used for LUSIF activity
under parts 1 and 2 which will be implemented by MAF’s agencies.
a) Pest Management Strategies
The GOL experienced in used of pesticide in the country and its neighbors; to ensure the
human health and environmental impact from the usage of pesticide, by JICA and FAO
support, MAF had produced in March 2000 the Regulation number 0886/MAF and
29
recently updated in June 11, 2010 into the regulation number 2860/MAF (Annex 5) on
Pesticide Management in Lao PDR based on the WHO recommended Classification of
Pesticide by Hazard and Guideline to Classification 1994-1995. The GOL had registered
in January 2010 the companies who import pesticides, fertilizers and seeds into Lao PDR.
Registered pesticide has been adjusted in May 2010 based on the new regulation. The
Department Agriculture under MAF is mandated to oversight all the usage of pesticide.
The LUFSIP will implement Regulation number 2860/MAF on Pesticide Management
for subproject implementation and subject to compliance with the Bank safeguard policy
OP 4.09 on Pest Management.
1) Subproject identification phase
Before a subproject is approved, several meetings will be facilitated by the
LUFSIP staff with rice seed centers and selected farmer groups. During these
meetings, the LUFSIP team will consult of the potential pesticide risk in project
areas, raise awareness of the user groups about the risk of pesticide usage and
protection method. If the subproject is found to include pesticide specified in the
prohibited list in the Regulation number 2860/MAF, it will be screened out or
reconsidered to exclude such activities.
2) Subproject design phase
As project will use the pesticide only at rice seed center and selected farmer group
in case of pest invasions to minimize the loses of rice seed production; during the
preparation phase of the subproject, LUFSIP team will ensure the proposed
procure pesticide is in the eligible list identified under Regulation number
2860/MAF including of proper storage of procured pesticide. The best practicing
of pesticide should be included in the proposal and training cost need to be clearly
allocated for training the user. The list of eligible and banned pesticides is in annex
6.
3) Subproject implementation phase
The Project will address the risks of pesticide usage through applying MAF
regulation number 2860/MAF in the project areas. The implementation of
mitigation measures as well as the monitoring and inspection of human and
environment risk in usage of pesticide is responsible by the subproject. Training
will be provided to the extension staff and farmer groups on the best practicing
pesticide and ensure them to take actions to mitigate these risks; the project will
allocate enough budgets to distribute and conduct consultation of MAF’s
regulation number 2860/MAF in all project areas as part of ESMF.
30
b) Procurement, storage and usage of pesticide
Procurement, storage and monitoring of the usage of pesticide financing under LUFSIP is
fully a responsibility of DOA. The DOA should strictly follow with articles 18 and 19 of
the MAF’s regulation number 2860/MAF for procuring the pesticide; articles 20, 21 and
22 for transportation, storage and trans-boundary transportation of pesticides; and articles
23 and 24 for the safety use of pesticide.. The DOA or user may refer in addition to the
article 25 and 26 for the storage and usage of pesticide.
c) Training
Before the beginning subprojects implementation, LUFSIP and DOA will organize
training to LUFSIP and DOA staff at province and district level on eligible pesticide to be
procured, how to store them and the best practice on pesticide use. The training will
include immediate action required incase misuse of the pesticide by staff or farmer. All
articles under section IV, V, VI, VII and IX in regulation number 2860/MAF need to
include in all trainings. This training activity will be required as part of Environmental
Safeguard Management Framework implementation.
d) Monitoring
Staff will be assigned in DOA to monitor the use of pesticide including a) ensure the
procured pesticide is in eligible list provided in annex 5, b) ensure procured pesticides are
properly kept, c) ensure training delivery to the user before distribution, and d) monitor
compliance usage of pesticide according to the MAF’s regulation number 2860/MAF. The
World Bank team will carry out the Implementation Support Mission in every six months
period as usual procedure. The World Bank will use its Pest Management Guidebook as a
standard to monitor compliance of the use of pesticide procured under the project.
31
Annex 1 – Subproject Proposal Form (Excerpt from the template)
15. Social and Environmental impacts
Environmental
Assessment
SCALE
a) Environmental Impact
Rural roads, tracks and footpaths
> 10 km
(YES – Tick )
Bridges, ramps and piers
> 20 m
(YES – Tick )
> 200 users
(YES – Tick )
ALL
(YES – Tick )
> 400 m2
(YES – Tick )
> 200 users
(YES – Tick )
ALL
(YES – Tick )
Domestic Drinking Water systems
Irrigation schemes
Buildings (community halls, health centres, schools, markets)
Sanitation Facilities (latrines)
Mini-hydro generators
Changes are likely to occur in water use and/or water availability
(YES – Tick )
Protected area or area proposed for protection by the Government
(YES – Tick )
Others
Specify_________________________________________________________________
(YES – Tick )
_________________________________________________________________
b) Impact on Physical Cultural Resources
Assessment of Impact
on PCR
Subproject location with known archaeological or paleontological value
(YES – Tick )
Subproject location with known historical value
(YES - Tick )
Subproject location (land, water source, forest, etc.) with known cultural or religious
value (such as spirits or traditional meeting ground)
(YES - Tick )
Subproject location with known unique natural values
(YES - Tick )
Others
Specify_________________________________________________________________
(YES - Tick )
_________________________________________________________________
c) Land Acquisition and Resettlement
Subproject involving voluntary contributions
Specific meeting and
use of the
Contribution and
Compensation Form
(YES - Tick )
Submission of a Land
Acquisition and
Resettlement Report
Subproject involving the voluntary resettlement of more than 100 persons
(YES - Tick )
Subproject involving the voluntary contribution by at least one individual of more than
10% of their holdings
(YES - Tick )
Subproject involving displacement of more than 5 households or structures
(YES - Tick )
32
Annex 2 – Simple Environmental Assessment Templates
for Bridges, Culverts and Rural Road
Name of Subproject: ...................................................................................................................
Subproject No: ............................................................................................................................
Date of site visit: …………………….
Persons consulted ….............................................................................................................
Description of Subproject (including objective, location, expected benefits and population
served):
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................
Are there environmentally sensitive areas through which the road passes?
Yes
No
If yes, describe
.......................................................................................................................................................
......
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
A.
Environmental Effects Related to Subproject Location and Design
(Tick against relevant category)
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
Natural habitat and wildlife
Erosion and Silt Control
Drainage Pattern
Water Quality
Land Use & Settlement
Scenic, Historical & Cultural Sites
33
Describe any environmental effects, alternatives considered and proposed mitigation
measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
B.
Environmental Effects Related to Construction and Operation
(Tick against relevant category)
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
Natural habitat and wildlife
Land Use and Settlement
Health and Safety
Erosion and Silt Control
Noise and Dust
Spill of Hazardous Materials
Water Quality
Describe any environmental effects and proposed mitigation measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................……...........................................................................................................
..........................................
C.
Does the subproject involve any land acquisition (circle answer)
Does the subproject involve relocating people (circle answer)
Yes
Yes
No
No
If yes, Provide specific information on the persons affected, impacts involved (e.g. land, trees,
crops, houses and other structures), agreements reached, who at the community level is
responsible for land acquisition and relocation and provide supporting evidence to show that
both land acquisition and relocation of people have been dealt with appropriately. Verify that
affected villagers have been consulted and are satisfied with the agreement for compensation.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
34
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................……............................................................................................................................
D.
Are there any vulnerable ethnic groups living in the area of the subproject or likely to
be affected by the activities of the subproject (circle answer)
Yes
No
If yes, Provide specific information and provide supporting evidence to show that vulnerable
ethnic groups have been consulted on the development subproject, that they do not face
adverse impacts from the subproject and that they are satisfied with the arrangements.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
E. Does the subproject impact physical cultural resources (circle answer) Yes
No
If yes, Provide a description of the impact, supporting evidence showing that consultation
with affected people has been conducted, and the description and cost of the agreed mitigation
plan.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
Overall Assessment of Environmental and Social Impact of Rural Road Subproject
(Circle one category only)
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
35
For Irrigation and Well
Name of Subproject: ...................................................................................................................
Subproject No: ............................................................................................................................
Date of site visit: …………………….
Persons consulted ….............................................................................................................
Description of Subproject (including objective, location, expected benefits and population
served):
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................
Are there environmentally sensitive areas through which the road passes?
Yes
No
If yes, describe
.......................................................................................................................................................
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................
A.
Environmental Effects Related to Subproject Location and Design
(Tick against relevant category )
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
Impacts of the flooding on ecology
Safety of upstream Dam or Reservoir
Aquatic Ecology and Fish Resources
Erosion and Silt Control
Hydrology
Drainage Pattern
River Flow Regimes
Water Quality
Land Use and Settlement
Scenic, Historical and Cultural Sites
36
Describe any environmental effects, alternatives considered and proposed mitigation
measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
B.
Environmental Effects Related to Subproject Construction/Operation
(Tick against relevant category)
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
Impacts of the flooding on ecology
Aquatic Ecology and Fish Resources
Erosion and Silt Control
Hydrology
Drainage Pattern
River Flow Regimes
Water Quality
Land Use and Settlement
Scenic, Historical and Cultural Sites
Health and Safety
Erosion and Silt Control
Noise and Dust
Describe any environmental effects and proposed mitigation measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
C.
Does the subproject involve any land acquisition (circle answer)
Yes
Does the subproject involve relocating people (circle answer)
Yes
No
No
37
If yes, Provide specific information on the persons affected, impacts involved (e.g. land, trees,
crops, houses and other structures), agreements reached, who at the community level is
responsible for land acquisition and relocation and provide supporting evidence to show that
both land acquisition and relocation of people have been dealt with appropriately. Verify that
affected villagers have been consulted and are satisfied with the agreement for compensation.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
D.
Are there any vulnerable ethnic groups living in the area of the subproject or likely to
be affected by the activities of the subproject (circle answer)
Yes
No
If yes, Provide specific information and provide supporting evidence to show that vulnerable
ethnic groups have been consulted on the development subproject, that they do not face
adverse impacts from the subproject and that they are satisfied with the arrangements.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
E. Does the subproject impact physical cultural resources (circle answer) Yes
No
If yes, Provide a description of the impact, supporting evidence showing that consultation
with affected people has been conducted, and the description and cost of the agreed mitigation
plan.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
Overall Assessment of Environmental and Social Impact of Subproject (circle answer)
Negligible/Small
Medium
Major
38
For School and Health Centre
Name of Subproject: .................................................................................................................
Subproject No: ........................................................................................................................
Date of site visit: …………………….
Persons consulted ….............................................................................................................
Description of Subproject (including objective, location, expected benefits and population
served):
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
....................................
...............................................................................................................................
Are there environmentally sensitive areas through which the road passes?
Yes
No
If yes, describe
.......................................................................................................................................................
...……............................................................................................................................................
.........……......................................................................................................................................
...............……................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.
A.
Environmental Effects Related to Subproject Location and Design
(Tick against relevant category )
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Natural Habitat and Wildlife
Land Use and Settlement
Drainage
Water Quality
Traffic Congestion
Noise
Health and Safety
39
Describe any environmental effects, alternatives considered and proposed mitigation
measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
B.
Environmental Effects Related to Subproject Construction/Operation
(Tick against relevant category)
Type of Environmental Resource
Likely Effect/Impact
Negligible/Small
Medium
Natural Vegetation
Land Use and Settlement
Health and Safety (incl. health care
waste disposal)
Drainage Pattern
Water Quality
Noise and Dust
Traffic Congestion
Describe any environmental effects and proposed mitigation measures
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................……...........................................................................................................
..........................................
C.
Does the subproject involve any land acquisition (circle answer)
Yes
Does the subproject involve relocating people (circle answer)
Yes
No
No
If yes, Provide specific information on the persons affected, impacts involved (e.g. land, trees,
crops, houses and other structures), agreements reached, who at the community level is
responsible for land acquisition and relocation and provide supporting evidence to show that
both land acquisition and relocation of people have been dealt with appropriately. Verify that
affected villagers have been consulted and are satisfied with the agreement for compensation.
40
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................
D.
Are there any vulnerable ethnic groups living in the area of the subproject or likely to
be affected by the activities of the subproject (circle answer)
Yes
No
If yes, Provide specific information and provide supporting evidence to show that vulnerable
ethnic groups have been consulted on the development subproject, that they do not face
adverse impacts from the subproject and that they are satisfied with the arrangements.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
E. Does the subproject impact physical cultural resources (circle answer) Yes
No
If yes, Provide a description of the impact, supporting evidence showing that consultation
with affected people has been conducted, and the description and cost of the agreed mitigation
plan.
……...............................................................................................................................................
......…….........................................................................................................................................
............……...................................................................................................................................
..................…….............................................................................................................................
........................…….......................................................................................................................
..............................…….................................................................................................................
....................................
Overall Assessment of Environmental and Social Impact of Subproject (circle answer)
Negligible/Small
Medium
41
Annex 3 – Typical Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures for Road Subprojects
Activity
Potential Effects
Possible Mitigation Measures
Planning, Design and Land Acquisition
Setting Design Standards
If standards are too high excessive
earthworks can cause other effects.
(See activities under “3 Construction”)
Set standards appropriate for class of
road, traffic and terrain
Design – General
Land requirements affect local people
Minimize land acquisition and
resettlement in selecting alignment.
Existing buildings, possibly
constructed within the subproject site
could be affected
Attempt to negotiate a fair design or
compensation solution which does not
cause undue hardship.
Work on roads, bridges and culverts
can affect existing trees.
Minimize impact on trees and replant
when work is completed.
Access roads and bridges can have
impacts on wildlife, virgin forest areas,
cultural relics etc.
Avoid such areas as much as possible
in the design.
Roads, bridges and culverts can cause
an increase in traffic speeds and
accidents affecting road users, local
people and animals.
Ensure a safe design including speed
restriction and warning signs, to
control livestock as necessary and
where possible discuss possible designs
with local people.
Can alter hydrological regimes and
affect flooding and existing irrigation
systems.
Ensure culvert, bridge and road are
suitably designed to minimize effects
on hydrology.
Can cause negative impacts of
concentrating water and increasing
scour and soil erosion.
Ensure design improves the drainage
system by rectifying any existing
problems such as scour of adjacent
lands, which should be checked for
during the monsoons. Include tree
planting in design where possible.
Mobilizing equipment
Air and noise pollution for any nearby
settlements.
Control contractors’ vehicle speeds and
noise.
Mobilizing workforce
The introduction of an outside
workforce can have a negative impact
on the health and social well-being of
local people.
Contractor employs local people where
possible.
Possible solution cause by domestic
sewage and solid wastes.
Contractor installs and maintains a
septic tank system and a system of
disposing of solid wastes.
Possible excessive or uncontrolled use
of fuelwood in labor camp.
Contractor supplies alternative fuel for
cooking and heating in the labor camp.
Possible development of labor camp
into a permanent settlement.
Contractor removes the labor camp at
the completion of the contract.
Possible hunting of wildlife for food.
Prohibit poaching and make contractor
responsible for his workers.
Air and noise pollution for any nearby
Locate base camp and workshop away
Design – Drainage
Construction Preparation
Establishment and
42
Operation of Base Camp
and Workshop.
settlements.
from any residential settlements.
Possible surface water and ground
water contamination by oil, grease, and
fuel in yards.
Collect and recycle lubricants. Avoid
spills and have a ditch around the area
with a setting pond, oil trap at the
outlet.
Possible ground and water
contamination by bitumen or solvents.
Avoid spills but surround area with a
ditch with a settling pond/oil trap at the
outlet.
Cutting down trees to use as fuel for
heating bitumen and stones.
The contractor does not use wood for
heating during the processing of any
materials.
Noise, vibration and dust could affect
nearby settlements or other sensitive
areas.
Locate plant away from any residential
or other environmentally sensitive
areas such as hospitals, intensive
livestock production areas or wildlife
breeding areas. Also avoid farmlands
or forests as much as possible. Restrict
work to daylight hours and limit the
size and frequency of blasting.
Changing the river bed could affect
local fishing areas.
Discuss proposed locations with local
people/fishermen and insist contractor
obtains their approval.
Possible noise and vibration, especially
if earthworks involve blasting, could
affect nearby settlements or other
sensitive areas.
Restrict work to daylight hours and
limit the size and frequency of any
blasting near settlements (especially
hospitals) near intensive livestock
production and wildlife breeding areas.
Historical remains or cultural items
could be uncovered.
Contractor to ensure all such finds are
reported and discussed with
representatives of the local people.
Works can have temporary affects on
irrigation or washing/drinking water
supplies.
Ensure contractor takes into account
local water uses. Temporary drainage
may have to be constructed.
Effect on traffic and pedestrian safety.
The contractor uses safe traffic control
as necessary and causes the minimum
possible disruption to all traffic.
Bituminous Surfacing.
Possible pollution of waterways or
groundwater by bituminous products or
solvates.
Strict control to avoid spills or clean up
immediately after and prohibit work in
rain.
Transport of Subproject
Materials.
Air and Noise pollution for any nearby
settlements and damage to existing
roads.
Control contractors vehicles speeds,
noise and weight of loads and control
dust and flying debris by covering
loads or wetting material if necessary.
Construct temporary roads if necessary.
Use locally available construction
material wherever possible to minimize
transport distances.
Operating a borrow Pit.
Construction
Drainage Improvement
Works
43
Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures for Public Buildings (Markets, schools,
health centers etc.)
Activity
Potential Effects
Possible Mitigation Measures
Before construction starts
Brick moulding
Disturbance of habitats
Reallocation of farming land
Loss of land
Possible use of cement block as an
alternative
Land degradation
Air pollution from dust
Pressure on existing water resources
Brick curing
Deforestation
Pollution from smoke
Provision of boreholes
Afforestation (tree planting) Quotas per
construction (school, dispensary,
markets etc.) community based
woodlots
Construction
Civil works building
Noise and air pollution
Pressure on existing water resources
Creation of borrow pits
Carpentry
Deforestation
Noise
Establishment of additional possible
water sources
Landscaping
The provision of timber by the
community should be approved by the
local authorities
Use of alternative materials (bamboo,
steel, reinforced concrete
Afforestation (tree planting) Quotas per
construction (school, dispensary,
markets etc.) community based
woodlots
Labourers
Faecal / other wastes
Provision of latrines
Deforestation
The provision of timber by the
community should be approved by the
local authorities
Operations
Provision of desks /
furniture
Use of alternative materials (bamboo,
steel)
Afforestation (tree planting) Quotas per
construction (school, dispensary,
markets etc.) community based
woodlots
Disposal of medical
wastes
Contamination and pollution in
surrounding environment
Include incinerator in health centre
subproject proposal
44
Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures for Boreholes
Activity
Sitting
Drilling
Potential Effects
Possible Mitigation Measures
Loss of land
Consultation with communities
Land degradation
Reallocation of land
Nuisance and aesthetic impacts
Landscaping (planting of trees / crops)
Disturbance of stream channels, aquatic
fauna
Re-vegetation
Social disruption by construction
workers
Establish settlement location for
workers out of village to mitigate social
interactions
Construction hazards
New diseases (STD)
Pump installation
Civil works
Operation
Ground and surface water
contamination by oil, grease etc.
Experienced drillers only
Waste water
Proper disposal
Solid wastes
Drainage, soaking pits
Reservoirs may be breeding areas for
water born diseases (worms,
mosquitoes etc.)
Incorporate health and sanitation
Education programme
Water may be contaminated during
transport or storage
Spills and leakage contamination of
water
Enforcing standard safety procedures
Ensure adequate provision for the
operation management and
maintenance of facilities (Including
proper staff and community training)
Reduction in water quality because of
decomposed matter
Over pumping of ground water causing
a lowering of ground water table
Disruption to downstream hydrology
Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigating Measures for Irrigation Schemes
Potential Negative Impacts
Mitigating Measures
Soil Erosion
Proper design and layout of furrows or field avoiding too steep a
gradient.
Land Levelling
Design of terraces on hillsides minimizing surface erosion hazard.
Maintain vegetation Cover
Water logging of soils
Regulation of water application to avoid over-watering.
Installation and maintenance of adequate drainage system.
Use of lined canals or pipes to prevent seepage.
Accurate calculation of delivery of irrigation requirements.
Salinization of soils
Measures to avoid water logging:
Leaching of salts by flushing soils periodically
45
Cultivation of crops with salinity tolerance.
Scouring of canals
Design of canal system to minimize risk
Use of canals lined with rocks
Clogging of canals by sediment
Measures to minimize erosion on fields
Design and management of canals to minimize sedimentation.
Provision of access to canals for removal of weeds and sediments.
Leaching of nutrients from soils
Avoidance of over-watering
Replacement of nutrients by fertilizer and/or crop rotation.
Accurate calculation of fertilizer requirements.
Algal blooms and weed proliferation.
Appropriate application of fertilizers (timing and quantity).
Clogging of canals by weeds.
Design and management of canals to minimize weed growth.
Provision of access to canals for treatment or removal of weeds.
Deterioration of river water quality
below irrigation subproject and
contamination of local ground water
(higher salinity, nutrients,
agrochemicals) affecting fisheries and
down stream users.
Improved water management; improved agricultural practices and
control of inputs (particularly pesticides and chemical fertilizers).
Sea water intrusion into freshwater
systems.
Location of Scheme
Reduction of downstream flows
affecting flood plain use, flood plain
ecology, riverine and estuarine
fisheries, users of water, dilution of
pollutants.
Relocation or redesign of subproject.
Encroachment on swamps and other
ecologically sensitive areas.
Chose subprojects’ site to avoid or minimize encroachment on
critical areas.
Imposition of water quality criteria.
Appropriate water management
Regulation of takeoff to mitigate effects.
Compensatory measures where possible.
Establishment of compensatory parks or reserved areas.
Threat to historical, cultural or
aesthetic features.
Chose subprojects’ site to prevent loss.
Alteration or loss of flood plain
vegetation and disturbance of coastal
ecosystems (e.g. mangroves)
Chose subprojects’ site to less vulnerable area.
Introduction or incidence of waterborne or water-related diseases.
use of lined canals or pipes to discourage vectors
Salvage or protection of cultural sites.
Limitation and regulation of water take-off to minimize problems to
extent possible.
avoidance of stagnant or slowly moving water
installation of gates at canal ends to allow complete flushing
filling or drainage of borrow pits along canals and roads
water testing
disease prophylaxis and treatment
Disease and health problems from use
Wastewater treatment (e.g. settling ponds prior to use).
46
of wastewater irrigation.
Establishment and enforcement standards for wastewater use.
Conflicts over water supply and
inequalities in water distribution
throughout service area.
Means to ensure equitable distribution among users and monitor to
assure adherence.
Over-pumping of groundwater.
Limitation of withdrawal so that it does not exceed "safe
yield"(recharge rate).
Establishment of effective water users associations
External
Water quality deteriorated or made
unusable by upstream land use and
pollutants discharge.
Control of land use in watershed areas.
Control of pollution sources
Water treatment prior to use.
Failure of upstream dams or reservoirs
on which the subproject activities
depend.
Check of dam or reservoir safety prior to subproject implementation
47
Annex 4 – Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Form (Template)
Environment checklist
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Yes / No
Remarks
Compliance with the planned mitigation
measures and environmental obligations
Occurrence of notable environmental pollution
such as dust, water pollution, noise
Encroachment to natural habitats and physical
cultural properties
Improper operation and maintenance of
construction equipment, fuels and oils
Occurrence of complaints
Site cleaning upon completion
Disposal of construction wastes
Removal of temporal access roads upon
completion
Erosion prevention measures for used borrow
pits
Removal of temporary water flows’ diversions
or blockages upon completion
Removal of construction camps upon
completion
48
Annex 5 – Regulation number 2860/MAF
People’s Democratic Republic
Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
No 2860/MAF
Vientiane Capital, date June 11, 2010
Regulation
on the control of pesticides in Lao PDR
-
Pursuant to the Law on Agriculture No. 01/98/NA, dated 6 November 1998.
Pursuant to the Environment Protection Law No. 02/99/NA, dated 3 April 1999.
Pursuant to Law on Local Administration No. 03/NA of 5 October 2003;
Pursuant to the Law on Food No. 04/NA, dated 15 May 2004.
Based upon the proposal of the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry No. ..../MAF,
dated................2009.
The Minister of Agriculture and Forestry issues the Regulation on the Control of
Pesticide as follows:
PART I
General provision
Article 1. Objective
This regulation defines the principles, rules and measures for controlling activities
involved with pesticide in Lao PDR in order to protect human health, animal plant and
environment, and to be consistent with agreements and international regulations.
Article 2. Output
This regulation is as a tool of monitoring, control of the production processing,
import-export, distribution, transport, storage, usage, destroy, disposal properly and
safety to human health, animal plant and environment; to ensure the usage, making the
business units and pesticide activities smoothly undertake accordingly to the defined
rules and principles.
Article 3. Definitions
Terms used in this regulation shall be interpreted as follows:
Pesticide means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
destroying or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease,
unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with
the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural
commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs, or substances which may
be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids or other pests in or on
their bodies. The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator,
defoliant, desiccant or agent for thinning fruit or preventing the premature fall of fruit,
and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity
from deterioration during storage and transport.
49
Banned pesticide means a pesticide for which all uses have been prohibited by
final regulatory action, in order to protect human health or the environment. The term
includes a pesticide that has been refused approval for first-time use, or has been
withdrawn by industry either from the domestic market or from further consideration in
the domestic approval process, and where there is clear evidence that such action has
been taken in order to protect human health or the environment.
Unwanted plant means the plant is not in the target of growing.
Pesticide industry means all those organizations and individuals engaged in
manufacturing, formulating or marketing pesticides and pesticide products.
Trader means anyone engaged in trade, including export, import and domestic
distribution.
Formulation means the combination of various ingredients designed to render the
product useful and effective for the purpose claimed; the form of the pesticide as
purchased by users.
Active ingredient means the biologically active part of the pesticide.
Registration means the process whereby the responsible national government or
regional authority approves the sale and use of a pesticide following the evaluation of
comprehensive scientific data demonstrating that the product is effective for the
intended purposes and does not pose an unacceptable risk to human or animal health or
the environment.
Label means the written, printed or graphic matter on, or attached to, the pesticide
or the immediate container thereof and also to the outside container or wrapper of the
retail package of the pesticide.
Manufacturer means a corporation or other entity in the public or private sector
or any individual engaged in the business or function (whether directly or through an
agent or entity controlled by or under contract with it) of manufacturing a pesticide
active ingredient or preparing its formulation or product.
Distribution means the process by which pesticides are supplied through trade
channels to local or international markets.
Advertising means the promotion of the sale and use of pesticides by printed and
electronic media, signs, displays, gift, demonstration or word of mouth.
Personal protective equipment means any clothes, materials or devices that
provide protection from pesticide exposure during handling and application.
Disposal means any operation to recycle, neutralize, destruct or isolate pesticide
waste, used containers and contaminated materials.
50
Residue means any specified substances in or on food, agricultural commodities
or animal feed resulting from the use of a pesticide. The term includes any derivatives of
a pesticide, such as conversion products, metabolites, reaction products and impurities
considered to be of toxicological significance. The term "pesticide residue" includes
residues from unknown or unavoidable sources (e.g. environmental) as well as known
uses of the chemical.
Risk is a function of the probability of an adverse health or environmental effect,
and the severity of that effect, following exposure to a pesticide.
Toxicity means a physiological or biological property which determines the
capacity of a chemical to do harm or produce injury to a living organism by other than
mechanical means.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) means the careful consideration of all
available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures
that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other
interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to
human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with
the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control
mechanisms.
Natural enemies means disease and insect usefully controlling pest in the nature
include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.
Aricle 4. Scope
This regulation applies to all persons, juristic persons or organizations engaged in
manufacturing, importing, exporting, selling, using, transport, storage, destroying and
disposal of pesticide in Lao PDR.
PART II
Business on pesticides
Article 5. Business on pesticides
A person, juristic person or organization having the intention to conduct business
on pesticide shall submit a request licenses through agriculture sector and others
related sector for getting an approval and shall register its enterprise with industrial and
commerce sector as determined in the Law of Enterprise.
Article 6. Import and export, selling license
Registered Pesticide prior to import and export shall be applied document to
Agriculture Sector prior import or export 3 working days, 20 days for selling.
Article 7. Recording
A Person, juristic person or organization intend to import, export, manufacture, store
pesticide shall record on whole of quantities of pesticides and other related information
for using as a statistic providing to pesticide management.
Article 8. Responsibility on pesticide business
51
A person conducting pesticide business shall ensure the safety to minimize risks to
human health, animal and the environment. In the case of accident where pesticide caused
damage to human, animal and environment the pesticide business operator shall be
responsible according to the laws. In addition the pesticide business operator shall be
cooperated and facilitated to pesticide inspectors and other related authorities.
PART III
Registration of pesticides
Article 9.
Registration of pesticide
All pesticides that produce, import, export, distribution and use in Lao PDR must be
registered with the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Article 10. Exception pesticide registration
1. Registrartion is not required for botanical pesticide that are not packed for sale;
2. Provisional registration can be granted for products imported for the purpose of
research , trial or exhibition, but need to be requested from DOA, MAF, with requires
evidence that the products register in the country of origin.
Article 11. Qualifications for pesticide registration
A person, juristic person or organization who want to register pesticide shall have the
following qualifications:
1. Person holding license as described in article 19 of this regulation;
2. Imported pesticide shall be registered in exported country.
Article 12. Application for registration
A person,jusristic person of organization having intention to register pesticide shall
submit apllication to pesticide registration committee in Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
The registration application shall consist of following documents:
1. Copy of enterprise registration certificate;
2. Copy of pesticide registration certificate of exporting country or/and original country;
3. Nomination letter for registration from manufacturer or exporting country;
4. Instruction of pesticide use;
5. Sample of pesticide.
Article 13.
Registration consideration
Pesticide registration Unit of DOA shall consider application whether to register
or denied registration within 60 days from the date the application is received. In the
case of denial of registration, the written notice shall be given to applicant by the DOA.
Article 14. Pesticide registration certificate
Pesticide registration certificate is an official document issued by Director
General of DOA, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and valid for two year. Prior two
months of expiration, the Certificate Owner shall submit a request for renewal certificate
to the DOA. The application and process of consideration will be proceed as described
in article 12 and 13 of this regulation.
Article 15. Withdrawal of pesticide registration certificate
52
The pesticide registration certificate may be withdrawn prior to its expiration date by
the Director General of Department of Agriculture in any following case:
 There is a material violation of this regulation or other related laws by the
certificate owner or his authorized representatives;
 the pesticide is no longer effective for its intended use;
 the pesticide has been withdrawn from the market;
 In case of cancellation of a registration, the Registration Committee shall fix a
reasonable phasing-out period for the distribution and use of the product concerned.
Withdrawn certificate of registration shall be informed to related agencies.
Article 16. Pesticide registration Unit
Pesticide registration Unit is an unit under administration of the Department of
Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, which has the main role and task as
following:
1. Review application for registration of pesticide and take registration decision ;
2. Regualry review the list of registered of pesticide to determine whether they still
meet the requirements, taking into consideration the latest scientific information;
3. Edit and approve labels of pesticide;
4. Implement others right and task as described in related legislations.
PART IV
Management of production, import, export, distribution, transportation,
storage and transit of pesticide
Article 17. Formulating pesticide
A person, juristic person or organization having the intention to formulate pesticides
shall submit an application to Ministry of Agriculture including socio-economy
document and production technique.
Article 18. Import-Export of pesticide
Only registered pesticides can be imported or exported. Registration has to be
applied for from the Department of Agriculture , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
and shall comply with other related laws, exclude the pesticide determined in article 10
of this regulation.
Article 19. Distribution or selling pesticide
Distributors or traders must have criteria as following:
1. Attended in training of pesticide and have related certificate;
2. Have material safety data sheets, instruction of pesticide for customer using
properly;
3. To ensure there are not hamful to neigboring people or environment;
4. To supply plant protection clothes for customers;
5. Storage must strictly follow article 21;
6. Must have records purchase orders and selling.
Prohibitions of distribtors or traders of pesticide are following:
53
1. Distribute without license of related authorities;
2. Sale pesticides which
 did not register in Lao PDR
 have exceeded their expiry date, or have changed their physical appearance or
behavior, such as color, sedimentation, inability to disperse, etc… or container
break or leak container;

lack of sign or was destroyed that could not read;

repack for sale
Article 20. Transportation
Transporters/ carriers of pesticide shall adhere to the following rules:
1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2)
3)
4)
5)
For consignment of Pesticides, either of same or different groups, exceeding 100
litres (fluids) or 1000 kg (solids), separate documentation has to be issued and be
kept with the driver. The documentation shall have the following content:
Name, address, phone number of owner and shipper
Trade name or common name of transported Plant Protection Products
Formulation types and concentrations of Plant Protection Products transported
Volume of Plant Protection Products
Emergency procedures, in the case of breakage or spill
A safety data sheet for each of the materials transported
For consignments greater than 1000 litres or 1000 kg the transport route must be
declared in advance.
Plant Protection Products carried by means of public transport, shall not exceed 20
1 for liquids or 20 kg for solids. However, they shall be wrapped properly and kept
separately from the passengers and other goods.
The drivers of vehicles carrying Plant Protection Products shall be selected
properly – they shall be reliable and competent.
Prohibit to transport pesticides with living organizm and others goods;
Article 21. Storage
If pesticides are store more then 10 litres/kilogram the following requirement
should be met:
1) A pesticide storage facility should be located in an area where flooding is unlikely
and far from people and domestic animal farm at least 100 m;
2) All pesticides must be kept in a facility that can be locked and posted as a pesticide
storage area;
3) Kept pesticide far from sources of heat or directly in the sun
4) Separate pesticide from others goods;
5) Lay out pesticide by group and hazard classification;
6) Kept pesticide in original containers with label;
7) Absorbed substances such as charcoal, sawdust, sand;
8) Take care floor clean and dry, clean up when spillage of pesticide occurred,
leaking from container;
9) Soap and water are available for washing when contact with pesticide;
10) Use stand or pallets for placing pesticide and avoid direct on floor;
11) Kept empty containers in safety place prior to disposal.
54
Article 22. Transition
All pesticides passing through Lao PDR in transit shall comply with relevant
bilateral or multilateral agreements to which Lao PDR is a party.
PART V
Use of pesticide and disposal
Article 23. Use of pesticide
A person intending to use pesticide shall recognize its characteristic and pay attention to
following matters:
1. Use Integrated Pest Management especially controlling pest by using natural enemies;
2. Use pesticide in proper way and implement as described on the label;
3. Wear protective equipments whenever apply pesticide, employers should provide proper
equipments including training on pesticide application for employees.
4. ensure preventing dangerous effects of pesticide to human health, animal and
environment;
5. Any accident involving pesticides that requires specialist assistance or poses a threat
to human health or the environment should immediately be reported to the relevant
authority.
Article 24. Disposal of pesticide
Substandard pesticide, counterfeit, expired products, pesticide waste including empty
containers shall be properly disposed or buried in an approved landfill without
effecting to environment, the location is on flat ground , far from water resource and
well or underground water and follow technical guideline as specified by Water
Resources and Environment Administration (WREA).
PART VIII
Packaging Labelling and Advertising
Article 25. Packaging
Repackaging of pesticide is prohibited unless specific permission has been obtained
from pesticide registraton unit, DOA.
Pesticides should be in original package which safety while import, transport, store or
distribute and ensure safe when handle to protect harmful to human health, animal and
environment.
Article 26. Labelling
All packaging of pesticide should be affixed label on or attached label in the pesticide
container. The label must be in Lao language and/or English which could easily to read, clear
and does not easily to tear.
1. The contents and form of label shall be approved by the pesticide registration unit,
and contains the following information:
1.1 Trade name;
1.2 Chemical (common ) name, formulation and concentration of active
ingredient;
1.3 Purpose of usage, e.g. which crops and pests
1.4 Dosage and mode application
55
1.5 Signs and instructions see paragraph 2 of this article
1.6 Directions for storage, mixing, usage, packaging and recommended personal
protection from hazards;
1.7 Pre-harvest interval
1.8 Warnings
1.9 Symptoms of poisoning, methods of mitigation, directions for physician
1.10 Hazard classification (WHO or GHS)
1.11 Name of producer
1.12 Volume of package
1.13 Production or expiry date
1.14 License number
2. Instruction for labeling
2.1 Pesticide under WHO hazard Class Ia must be labeled with a clear danger
sign, the skull and crossed bones, and bear the text ‘extremely toxic’ which
should be accompanied by the appropriate signs as under 3 below.
2.2 Pesticide under WHO hazard Class Ib must be labeled with a clear danger
sign, the skull and crossed bones, and bear the text ‘highly toxic’,
accompanied by the appropriate signs as under 3 below
2.3 Pesticide under WHO hazard Class 2 must be labeled with a clear danger sign,
flash, and bear the text: ‘dangerous’, accompanied by the appropriate signs as
under 3 below.
2.4 Pesticide under WHO hazard Class 3 must bear the text: ‘attention’
accompanied by the appropriate signs as under 3 below.
3. The following phrases shall be used to mark characteristics of usage and to
Mark of usage and characteristic precautions:
3.1
Keep away from children
3.2
Wash after handling
3.3
Dangerous to animals
3.4
3.5
3.5.1
Dangerous to fish and aquatic animals, prohibited to
contaminate water ways
The following phrases shall be used in either “usage” or “mixing”
directions, as appropriate:
Wear eye protection
56
3.5.2
Wear breathing protection
3.5.3
Wear mask
3.5.4
Wear gloves
3.5.5
Wear protective clothing during spraying or
handling
3.5.6
Wear rubber boots
Article 27. Advertising
A person, juristic person or organization shall only advertise registered pesticide.
Prohibit to advertse over reality or not correctly as characteristic of pesticide
which lead misunderstanding of customers and users.
PART VII
Management and inspection
Article 28. Management and inspection of pesticides
Pesticide management and inspection sections comprise of:
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;
- Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office ;
- District of Agriculture and Forestry Ofiice;
These three sections will assign pesticide inspection unit which include trained staffs on
pesticide management from DOA.
Article 29. Inspection of pesticide
Inspection of pesticide refers to monitoring of pesticide manufacture process , import
– export, distribution, advertising, storage, using and disposal of expired pesticide or
pesticide waste include empty containers on farm, concession farm, individual farm,
governmental and private farm to compliance with laws of Lao PDR.
Article 30. Types of pesticide inspection
There are three types of pesticide inspection :
57
1. Regular inspection;
2. Inspection with advance notice;
3. Immediate inspection.
Regular inspection refers to an inspection performed regularly according to plans at predetermined times which shall conduct at least once a year
Inspection by advance notice refers to an inspection which is not included in the plan,
which is performed when deemed necessary and for which advance notice is given.
Immediate inspection refers to a sudden inspection performed without advance notice to
the person to be inspected.
Article 31. Right and duties of Department of Agriculture
In the management and inspection of pesticide, the Department of Agriculture has
following rights and duties:
1. To conduct research on policies, laws and regulations on management and and
inspection of pesticide and then propose to Minister for consideration;
2. To disseminate and train policy, laws and regulations on pesticide management and
inspection;
3. To cooperate with related agencies and local administration for pesticide
management and inspection;
4. To implement the pesticide registration as specify in PART .... and make available
regular update of the lists of registered and banned pesticides;
5. To monitor the licensing for the import-export of pesticide;
6. To train and upgrade officials involving to pesticide management and inspection on
politic, ideology, moral, and technique;
7. To appoint inspectors taking into consideration based on proposal and to provide them
with the necessary badge that empower them to conduct their task;
8. To provide traning to traders to obtain basic knowledge about pesticide and their risks;
9. To cooperate with international organizations on pesticide management and
inspection;
10. To regularly report to government on the implememtation of its duties in pesticide
management and inspection through out the country .
11. To exercise other rights and duties as stipulated in related legislations.
Article 32. Right and duties of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO)
In the management and inspection of pesticide, Provincial Agriculture and Forestry
Office has following rights and duties:
1. To supervise the implementation of laws and regulations on pesticide management
and inspection within its own province;
2. To issue the imported lisence to person or juristic person which registered pesticide,
or to be representative of pesticide distributor, and must be based on requirement of
use of pesticide in local province to avoid over supply leading to expire date.
3. To issue sell and/or imported lisence to person or juristic person which meet the the
requirement for such business;
4. To implement the inspection of pesticide shops in their provinces and to follow up in
cases of violation;
5. To make available the necessary staffs and budget to exercise the duties assigned
under the regulation;
58
6. To make proposal regarding appointment of pesticide inspectors under its control to
the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry ;
7. To cooperate with other involving agencies on pesticide management and
inspection;
8. To regularly report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry on the implementation
of its duties in pesticide management and inspection;
9. To exercise other rights and duties as stipulated in the laws.
Article 33. Right and duties of District Agriculture and Forestry Office (DAFO)
District Agriculture and Forestry Office has following rights and duties:
1. To implement the laws and regulations on pesticide management and inspection
within its responsible area;
2. To cooperate with other involving agencies on pesticide management and inspection;
3. To regularly report to PAFO on the implementation of its duties in pesticide
management and inspection ;
4. To exercise other rights and duties as stipulated in the laws.
Article 34. Rights and duties of pesticide inspectors
The pesticide inspectors have following rights and duties:
1. Inform traders (import-export, sale, storage) of their obligation under this regulation;
2. While conducting inspection of pesticide, inspectors shall show the nominated
certificate and identity card to persons subject to the inspection and shall duly and
strictly comply with the laws and regulations;
3. carry out periodic inspections of all persons, juristic person or organizations who
involved in import, export, manufacture, pack, repack, label, store, distribute, advertise
or use pesticides to determine whether the provisions of this Decree are being complied
with;
4. require for inspection, the production of certificates, permits, licenses, records or any
other document or authorization granted or issued under this Decree;
5. take samples of any pesticide, substances or other objects related to pesticide for
analysis;
6. seize any equipment, pesticide, document, record, or other thing which the Inspector
believes has been used in, or which appears to afford evidence of, a contravention of
national legislation, so long as:
- the inspector gives a receipt in the prescribed form to the person from whose custody
the item was taken;
- the item is returned to that person once the inquiry has been completed, except for
illegal pesticides, which if so declared by the court, shall be disposed as prescribed in
article 11 of this regulation;
7. Take the appropriate action with the responsible authorities to follow up on violation;
8. Report violation that required fining to the PAFO on the result of inspection to the
Head of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office and DG of DOA.
PART VIII
Fees and Service charges
Article 35. Fees and service charges
59
Fees and service charges for registration certificate or licenses of pesticide shall be based
on curcular of Ministry of Finance on fees and service charges which has been promugated
from time to time.
PART XII
Rewards and sanctions
Article 36. Rewards
Any person, juristic person or organization having a good deeds in implementing
this regulation shall be adequately rewarded and privilaged from treatments determined
by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Article 37. Rewards for government officials
Government official work involved pesticide continously over 5 years shall be
received pension before the date as discribed in article 59 of Labor Law.
Article 38. Measures towards violators
Any person, juristic person or organization having violated of this regulation shall
be educated, warned fined and punished, depending on the gravity of the cases as
follow:
1st violation: educate, warn and record in file;
2nd violation: seize goods and fine 50% of the goods according to the market price
and record in the file;
3rd violation: seize goods and fine twice of the goods value according to the market
price, record in the file, collaborate and submit to the concerned authority for temporally
or closing the business depending on the case.
Any violation in the first time, second or third, if it being strong consequences to
the human health, animal, plant or environment shall be punished according to criminal
law.
Any person who suffers from the imports, exports, manufacture, packaging or
storage of pesticides which are unqualified and dangerous to human health and the
environment, or from their illegal use, shall be compensated by the competent court.
In case of disposal pesticides or send back to exported country the violators must
be responsible for all expenditure.
PART X
Final provision
Article 39. Implementation
The Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with
concerned organizations has to develop and implement this regulation for effectively result.
Article 40. Effectiveness
This regulation comes into force after the date of its signing.
Regulations and provisions which are contradicted to this regulation shall be null.
Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
60
Annex 6 List of eligible and banned Pesticide in Lao PDR, May 2010
6.1. List of eligible and registered pesticides
No
Common name
a.i (%)
1
2,4- D
2,4-D dimethy
Lammonium
2,4-D dimethyl ammonium
2,4-D dimethyl ammonium
80%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
84%
82.1%
84%
Trade name
Zico 80 WP
Dee Jai
Obet
B K Amin
Type of
application
Herbicide
Countries Toxicity
of origin
class
Vietnam
WHO II
Herbicide
Herbicide
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
EPA II
Herbicide
2.4 D
2.4 D
60%
48%
ZICO 720 SL
Zico 48 SL
Herbicide
Herbicide
Vietnam
Vietnam
WHO II
WHO II
45% buprofezin + 15%
Imidacloprid
60%
DIFLOWER ®
600WP
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO U
Khum Pleum
Coundown
DIBAMEC®1.8EC3.6EC-5WG
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Thailand
Thailand
Vietnam
EPA IV
EPA IV
EPA IV
Intake
Insecticide
Thailand
EPA IV
2%
ABT 2 WP
Insecticide
China
EPA IV
Abamectin
Abamectin
Abamectin
1.80%
1.8%
1.8%-3.6%5%
abamectin
Abamectin 0.9% +
Bacillus thuringensis 1.15
Acetochlor
1.8%
50%
Dibstar 50 EC
Herbicide
Vietnam
WHO III
Acetochlor
80%
Saicoba 80 EC
Herbicide
Vietnam
WHO III
AI-Net Acting
Plant Growth
regulator
Thailand
Bactericide
Herbicide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Herbicide
China
Israel
Vietnam
Thailand
Vietnam
Vietnam
Herbicide
Vietnam
Herbicide
Thailand
Acting
Agrio-streptomycin
Alachlor
Alpha cypermethrin
Alpha-Cypermethrin
Alpha-Cypermethrin
Ametryn
Atrazine
80%
Agrio-streptomycin
Anchor
Sapen-Alpha 5 EC
Dominex
DANTOX®5EC
Sametrin 50 WP, 80
WP
Mizin 80 WP
Atrazine
90%
B K Mac P 90WG
Azoxystrobin +
Propiconazole
Bensulfuron methyl
Bifenthrin
Bifenthrin
Bifenthrin
Bifenthrin+Malathion
Buprofezin
Butachlor
Butachlor
72%
48%
5%
2%
5%
50%,80%
WHO III
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
WHO III
WHO U
WHO U
EPA III
32,5 %
Saiprobin 325 SC
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
10%
24%
0.50%
1.25%
2%+40%
40%
5%-10%
60%
Beron 10 WP
Biflex - TC
Fentax 10 WP
Bistar- D
Bistar - M
Lang van
DIBUTA®60 EC
Butaxim 60 EC
Herbicide
Termiticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Herbicide
Herbicide
Vietnam
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
Vietnam
Vietnam
WHO U
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
WHO U
WHO U
WHO U
61
33
34
35
36
Butachlor + Propanil
Butachlor+Bensulfuron
Methyl
Carbendazim
Carbendazim
70%
Por Jai
21%+4%
ALOHA®25WP
50%
Sabay Dee
DIBAVIL® 50FL 50WP
Carbendazim 500
FL
Carbendazim 50
WP
C M plus
50%
Thailand
WHO U
Vietnam
WHO III
Thailand
WHO U
Vietnam
WHO U
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
Fungicide
Fungicide
Vietnam
Thailand
WHO U
WHO U
Thailand
WHO II
Herbicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
37
Carbendazim
38
39
Carbendazim
Carbendazim + Mancozeb
40
41
42
43
Carbosulfan
20%
Kanir
Cartap
Cartap
Cartap hydrochloride
95%
4%
50%
Big cock 95 SP
Big cock 4 G
Chodsanit
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
China
China
Thailand
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
44
Chlorothalonil
75%
Mention
Fungicide
Thailand
WHO U
45
Chlorothalonil
53.0%
Daconil 720 SC
Fungicide
Japan
WHO U
46
47
48
49
50
Chlorpyifos methyl
3%
Sago-Super 3 G
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO U
20%
40%
40%
40%
Sago-Super 20EC
Temsoob
Casto
CJ - 40
Golden dragon 585
EC
New teen 55
Chorothalonil
Microbucob
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Insecticide
Vietnam
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
WHO U
WHO II
WHO II
WHO II
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO U
54
Chlorpyifos methyl
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl +
Cypermethrin
Chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin
Chorothalonil
Copper hydroxide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Thailand
China
Thailand
WHO II
WHO II
WHO III
55
Copper Oxycloride
85%
Saicoxy 85 WP
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO III
Cyhalofop-Butyl
10% , 20%
Sagolince 100
EC,200 EC
Herbicide
Vietnam
WHO U
57
Cyhalofop-Butyl +
Pyribenzoxim
50% + 20%
Sagoshots 70 EC
Herbicide
Vietnam
WHO U
58
Cymoxanyl + Mancozeb
8% + 64%
Saicymance 72 WP
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO III
59
Cypermethrin
10%
Jud Hai
Insecticide
Thailand
WHO II
60
Cypermethrin
35%
Rup four 35
Insecticide
Thailand
WHO II
61
Cypermethrin
5%-10%25%
DANTOX®5EC10EC-25EC
Insecticide
62
Cypermethrine
25%
Secsaigon 25 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
63
Cypermethrine
10%
Secsaigon 10 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
64
Cypermethrine
5%
Sec saigon 5 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
65
Cypermethrine
Secsaigon 50 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
66
Prorodent
EXPLORER ®
200WP
Rodenticide
Thailand
67
Cyst-Forming protozaon
Denotefuran +
Imidacloprid
50%
200,000§ò¦ªþ
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
68
Diazinon
Diaphos 10 G
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
51
52
53
56
50%
Herbicide
50%
6.2%+73.8%
532g/l+55g/l
50%+5%
75%
77%
5%+15%
10%
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
62
69
Diazinon
50%
Diaphos 50 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
70
Dimethoate
40%
Dimenate 40 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
Febis 25 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
71
72
73
74
Dimethoate + Fenvalerate
21.5% +3.5%
Dinotefuran
20%
Sagoshin 20 WP
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO U
Diuron
80%
Ansaron 80 WP
Herbicide
Vietnam
WHO U
Effective Microorganism (
EM)
5%
GENO-MI® 5 SL
Plant Growth
regulator
Vietnam
Insecticide
Vietnam
Insecticide
China
Vietnam
Emamectin + Benzoate
5%+2%
75
76
Emamectin benzoate
0.20%
COMDA
5WDG,2EC,2SC,
5EC,5SC
Emamectin
benzoate
WHO II
WHO III
77
Ethephon
2,5%
Sagolatex 2.5 PA
Plant Growth
regulator
78
Fenobucard
50%
Bascide 50 EC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
79
Fipronil
5%
Sagofipro 5 SC
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
Fipronil
5%-0.3%80%
15%
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
Herbicide
Plant Growth
regulator
Herbicide
Fungicide
Thailand
WHO III
China
WHO U
Thailand
Thailand
WHO III
WHO U
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
Fungicide
Herbicide
Herbicide
Fungicide
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Thailand
WHO U
WHO III
WHO III
Herbicide
Thailand
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
Fluazifop-p-butyl
Flumetralin
25%
Flumetralin
Fomesafen
Fosetyl aluminium
25%
80%
Fosetyl aluminium
80%
Fosetyl aluminium
Glyphosate
Glyphosate IPA Salt
Glyphosate
isoproylammonium
80%
41%
48%
48%
Dilamma
Kan Aeng
Alpine 80 WP; 80
WDG
DIBAJET®80WP
Lyphoxim 41 SL
Dibphosate 480 SL
Burn up 48
48%
Glyfosate 48
48%
Grafic
48%
Baca up 48
48%
Baka up 48
92
Glyphosate
isoproylammonium
Glyphosate
isoproylammonium salt
Glyphosate
isoproylammonium salt
93
Glyphosate
isoproylammonium salt
90
91
94
95
96
97
98
LEGEND®5SC0.3G-800WG
Hekio
Greenfast
haloxyfop-R-methylester
Hexaconazole
Hexaconazole
Imidacloprid
10.8%
5%,10%
5%-10%
10%
Herbicide
Thailand
WHO III
WHO III
WHO III
WHO III
Herbicide
Thailand
Herbicide
Thailand
AI-Net Greenfast
Plant Growth
regulator
Thailand
Hork
Herbicide
Thailand
WHO II
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
Vietnam
WHO U
Vietnam
WHO II
Saizole 5SL,
10EC,10SC
DIBAZOLE ® 5
SC-10SL
Saimida 100 SL
WHO III
Fungicide
Insecticide
63
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
Imidacloprid
5%-10%70%
Imidacloprid
Iprobenfos
Iprobenfos+ Tricyclazole
Isoxaflutole
Lamda Cyhalothrin
Magnesium Phosphide
Malathion
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
50%
50%
14%+6%
75%
2,5 %
66%
73%
80%
80%
ARMADA®50EC100SL-100EC100WG-700WG
Imidacloprid
Kisaigon 50 EC
Lua vang 20 WP
Balance
Vovinam
MAGTOXIN
Malate 73 EC
Dipomate 80 WP
Kroche
Insecticide
Vietnam
WHO II
Insecticide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fumigant
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fungicide
China
Vietnam
Vietnam
Thailand
Vietnam
Germany
Vietnam
Vietnam
Thailand
WHO II
WHO III
WHO III
EPA III
WHO II
EPA 1
WHO III
WHO U
WHO U
Khob Jai
Animat 97 WP
Fungicide
Thailand
China
WHO U
WHO III
Chiket
Chud Jen
Mexyl MZ 72 WP
DANY®25 DF
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Herbicide
Thailand
Thailand
Vietnam
Vietnam
WHO III
WHO II
WHO II
WHO III
N – ONE
AI-Net N- One
Plant Growth
regulator
Thailand
N- TWO
AI-Net N- Two
N-Function
AI-Net N-Function
Mancozeb
Mepiquat chloride
Metalaxyl
Metalaxyl
Metalaxyl + Mancozeb
Metsulfuron Methyl
25%
97%
25%
25%
8% + 64%
20%
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
Plant Growth
regulator
Plant Growth
regulator
Thailand
Thailand
Nitrogen
4%
GENO-SUPER
Plant Growth
regulator
Vietnam
Nitrogen
21%
GENO-N-SUA
Plant Growth
regulator
Vietnam
Pacecilomyces lilacinus
50%
Palila 500 WP
Fungicide
Paclobutrazol
15%
Saigon P1 15 WP
Plant Growth
regulator
118
119
Plant Growth
regulator
Pendimethalin
Phosalone + Cypernethrin
Pretilachlor
Propanil
Propiconazole+Prochloraz
Propineb
Pyrazosulfuran ethyl
Pyribenzoxim
Quinalphos
Quinclorac
330g/l
17,5% + 3%
30%
36%
49%
70%
60%
3%
25%-5%
50%
Pendimethalin
Sherzol 205 EC
Venus 300 EC
Protocom
Sai Jai
Saitracone 70 WP
Red dragon60WDG
Pyanchor 3 EC
FAIFOS®25EC-5G
DANY®25 DF
1%
Thiophanate methyl
Thiophanate methyl
70%
50%
WHO II
WHO U
Vietnam
WHO U
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO III
Sainative 750 WG
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO III
Chemfleetsan
dagarid
Thio - M 70 WP
Thio-M 500 FL
Insecticide
80%
Temephos
WHO III
WHO II
WHO U
WHO III
WHO II
WHO U
WHO U
Fungicide
Sulfur
5% + 2.5 %
China
Vietnam
Vietnam
USA
Thailand
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Sulox 80 WP
Saifolicer 250 WG,
430 SC
GENO-ROOTS
Tebuconazole +
Trifloxystrobin
WHO III
Vietnam
6%
2,5% + 4,5 %
Insecticide
Herbicide
Vietnam
Plant Growth
regulator
Seaweed Extract
Tebuconazole
Herbicide
Insecticide
Herbicide
Herbicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Herbicide
Herbicide
China
Fungicide
Insecticide
Thailand
WHO U
WHO U
WHO U
Vietnam
Vietnam
64
139
Thiophanate methyl +
Tricyclazole
36%+14%
Pysaigon 50 WP
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO II
Fungicide
Vietnam
Tricyclazole
20% + 75 %
Validamycin
5%
Trizole 20WP,
75WP.75WG
Vanicide 5 SL
142
Validamycin
3%
Kwan Jai
Fungicide
Thailand
WHO U
WHO U
143
Validamycin A
5%
Vanicide 5 WP
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
144
Validamycin A
3%
vanicide 3 SL
Fungicide
Vietnam
WHO U
140
141
6.2. List of banned pesticides
Insecticides and acaricides
1. Aldrin
2. BHC
3. Chlordane
4. Chlordimeform
5. Chlorfenvinphos
6. Chlorthiophos
7. Cyhexatine
8. DDT
9. Dieldrin
10. Dimefox
11. Dinitrocresol
12. Demeton
13. Endrin
14. Endosulfan
15. Ethyl Parathion
16. EPN
17. Heptachlor
18. Hexachloro cyclohexane
19. Leptophos
20. Lindane
21. Methamidophos
22. Methomyl
23. Methyl parathion
24. Monocrotophos
25. Pholy chlorocamphene
26. Phorate
27. Schradan
28. TEPP
29. Toxaphene
Fungicides
30. Binapacryl
31. Captafol
32. Cycloheximide
33. Mercury and mercury compounds
34. MEMC
35. PMA
36. Selenium compound
65
Rodenticides
37. Chlorobenzilate
38. Sodium fluoasetate
Herbicides
39. 2,4,5 -T
40. Dinoseb
41. Dinoterb acetate / Dinitrobutyphenol
42. Paraquat
43. Sodium chlorate
Fumigants
44. EDB
45. Ethylene oxide
46. Methyl bromide
Others
47. Arsenic compound
48. Calcium arsenate
- Herbicide, rodenticide, molluscicide, insecticide
49. DBCP
- Nematocidide
50. Daminozide
- Plant growth regulators
51. Fluoroacetamide
- Insectide, rodenticide
52. Oxamyl
- Insecticide, acaricide, termiticide
53. Phosphamidon
- Insecticide, nematodicide
54. Sodium Arsenite
- Insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide
55. Thallium ( i ) sulfate)
- Rodenticide, insecticide
66
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