Name:________________________________________________________
9______
Chapter 22: Plants with Seeds
22-1 Seed Plants- The Spermopsida
1. Name two benefits for plants to live on land.
a.
b.
2. Name and describe four difficulties for land plants.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Seeds Plants- Designed for Life on Land
3. Explain how seed plants evolved to live on land.
4. Plants “knew” that such adaptations would be beneficial and changed accordingly.
True
False
Roots, Stems and Leaves
5. The three main organs in a plant are ____________________, ___________________, and ____________________
Organ
Roots
Function
1.
Miscellaneous
How do roots develop?
2.
3.
Stems
1.
In order for stems to be tall,
stems must be:
Leaves
1.
How did leaves evolve?
How are most leaves adapted to
the dryness of air?
Vascular Tissue
7. A two –way plumbing system that allows water to be moved from roots to leaves and compounds
produced in the leaves to be sent down to the roots take place in two specialized tissues called
_____________________ and ___________________________.
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Function
At maturity they are
__________________.
Phloem
At maturity they are
__________________.
Reproduction Free from Water
9. All seed plants have a gametophyte/sporophyte
10. The gametophyte size of seed plants are
dominant generation.
small/large.
11. _______________________ and _____________________ are the specialized reproductive structures of seed
plants.
12. The male gametophyte is contained in a tiny structure called
pollen/ovule.
13. List the different ways pollen can be carried to the female gametophyte.
14. Fertilization/Pollination
is the carrying of pollen to the female gametophyte.
15. Define embryo.
16. What is the function of the seed coat?
17. What is a seed?
18. What are two ways seeds provide food for people?
19. Draw and label Figure 22.5 and describe what this picture is depicting.
Description:
22-2 Evolution of Seed Plants
1. It is important to remember that Earth’s environments did not remain ____________________
through time. Over a period of millions of years, landmasses moved and mountain ranges rose.
In some cases, plant species continued to ___________________ in ways that enabled them to
survive as their environment changed. Such species survived for _____________________ periods. In
other cases, plant species could not survive changing environments. These species became
________________________.
2. Why did many species of mosses and ferns become extinct?
Seed Ferns
3. How are the first seed-bearing plants related to ferns? How are they different?
Gymnosperms
4. A number of leaves have evolved into specialized male and female reproductive structures
called _____________________________.
5. Why is the seed of a gymnosperm considered “naked”?
6. Describe some characteristics of cycads.
7. Describe some characteristics of ginkgoes.
Conifers: Cone Bearers
8. The most common conifer are
cycads/ginkgoes/evergreens.
8. Conifers grow on ______________________________, _______________________________, and in
___________________________________.
Adaptations
Leaves of conifers are:
Why are they considered “evergreen”?
Reproduction
Male cones are called:
How long does it take for a seed on the
female cone to mature?
Female cones are called:
Angiosperms: Flowering Plants
9. What is the difference between the seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms?
10. Angiosperm seeds are contained in a protective wall that develops into a ______________________.
11. Angiosperms can be divided into two subclasses: monocots and dicots.
Monocot
Dicot
Examples
Leaves
Flowers
Vascular bundles in stem
Vascular bundles in root
Stem thickness
12. Suppose you found a plant whose leaves have parallel veins and whose flowers have six petals. Is
this plant a monocot or a dicot? What is your reasoning?