AP Psychology
Learning
Spring 2014
Learning
(7-9% of Test)
Chapter 7 (pgs. 291-325)
Introduction
Learning
Habituation
Associative Learning
Barron’s Book
Chapter 6 (133-149)
Classical Conditioning
Respondent Behavior
Stimuli & Responses
Principles
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Acquisition
Higher-Order/Second-Order Conditioning
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Operant Conditioning/Instrumental Learning
Operant Behavior
Law of Effect/Instrumental Learning
Operant Chamber/Skinner Box
Shaping
Successive Approximations
Reinforcement
Punishment
Reinforcers
Reinforcement Schedules
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment/Omission Training
Positive Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Partial/Intermittent Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcers
-Fixed-Ratio Schedules (FR)
Conditioned/Secondary Reinforcers
-Variable-Ratio Schedules (VR)
*Premack Principle*
-Fixed-Interval Schedules (FI)
*Generalized Reinforcers*
-Variable-Interval Schedules (VI)
*Token Economy*
Other Key
Cognitive Map
*Overjustification Effect*
Concepts
Latent Learning
Instinctive Drift
Intrinsic Motivation
*Insight Learning*
Extrinsic Motivation
Observational Learning
Modeling
Mirror Neurons
Behavior Modeling
Prosocial Behavior
Antisocial Behavior
Introduction:
 Be able to identify the 3 basic forms of learning.
 Know the two main principles of behaviorism.
Classical Conditioning:
 Be able to explain the process of how a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.
 Be able to explain Ivan Pavlov’s research.
 Be able to describe basic classical conditioning principles.
 How do cognitive processes & biological predispositions affect classical conditioning?
 Understand John Garcia’s research on Taste Aversion.
 What have been some applications of Classical Conditioning?
 Be able to explain John Watson’s research with Little Albert.
Operant Conditioning:
 Know the difference between Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning (Respondent v. Operant Behavior).
 Be able to describe Edward Thorndike’s research & his Law of Effect.
 Be able to explain BF Skinner’s research & beliefs.
 Understand the difference between positive reinforcement & negative reinforcement.
 Is Immediate Reinforcement or Delayed Reinforcement more effective?
 Know the difference between Continuous reinforcement & partial reinforcement. Which is most effective?
 Be able to differentiate between the 4 schedules of reinforcement & how each affects learning.
 Understand the difference between reinforcement & punishment.
 What are the drawbacks of using physical/corporal punishment on children?
 How do cognitive processes (latent learning & motivation) biological predispositions affect op. conditioning?
 Understand Robert Resocrla’s research.
 Understand Edward Tolman’s research into latent learning.
 What are some uses of operant conditioning (i.e at school, sports, work & home)?
 Be able to compare principles of classical conditioning to operant conditioning (Chart).
Observational Learning:
 What is Observational Learning & what role do Mirror Neurons play in this type of learning?
 How do Mirror Neurons affect our emotions?
 Be able to describe Albert Bandura’s research & his conclusions.
 How are we affected by Behavior Modeling (both Prosocial & Antisocial)?
Analyzing Data:
 Be able to interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning experiments.