Water Sustainability Workshop
A Smart-Phone Application for Home
Emissions Estimates
Michelle M. Rogers, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Carol J. Miller, Shawn P. McElmurry, Guoyao Xu, Weisong Shi,
Caisheng Wang, Cheng-Zhong Xu, PhD
Wayne State University – College of Engineering
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
WHY?
Energy –Emissions
Total generation:
4,120 billion (kWh)
3,950 billion (kWh) in 2009
Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov
Polluting Emissions from Electricity
Generation
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-16/pdf/2012-806.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/mats/actions.html
Emissions Effects
 Air Quality
 Visual
 Health (asthma)
 GHG………Climate (?)
 Contaminant Deposition
 Surface Water
 Soils
 Vegetation
 Food Chain
 Fish Consumption
 And,….Even
for the “non-environmentalist”………
 Policy: Government Specified Caps
Problem: How to identify emission
potential?
Price ($/MWh)
Locational Marginal Price as Proxy for
Generator Type
LMP at time ti
Hydro & Nuclear
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil
Locational Marginal Prices (LMP)
 LMPs based on marginal cost of supplying the next
increment of electric demand at a specific location
 LMP Accounts for:
 generation marginal cost (fuel cost)
 physical aspects of transmission system (constraint in
transmission lines)
 Cost of marginal power losses
Methodology
 Use LMP to point to the marginal fuel type
 Calculate emissions associated with that fuel type for
a specific area (or specific generator)
Environmental Optimization
Linking Consumption to Emissions
1. Source Identification
•
Dispatch adjusted every 5 minutes within MISO
2. Emission Quantification
•
Function of generator type
Locational Marginal Prices
 LMPs available from MISO
 (Midwest Independent System Operator)
 LMPs for select Commercial Pricing Nodes (CPNs)
available every 5 minutes
LMP = f (space,time)
Locational Marginal Prices…spatial variation
Locational Marginal
Prices….temporal variation
Emission Rates
 LMP  Marginal Generator Type  Air Emissions
 Measured Air Emissions Data from EPA’s eGRID
 (Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database)
 Data on thousands of power plants in the US
 Sort by EGCL code (Electric Generating Company,
Location-Based)
 i.e., all of DTE-operated plants in SE Michigan
WE WANT THIS TO BE DEFINED ON THE FINEST GRID
POSSIBLE….compare to an approach based on
national averages of emissions/KWh
Emission Rates
 Calculate average emission rate for entire area for each
fuel type
 Example, Detroit Edison: (2008 data)
Air Emissions in pounds pollutant per MWhr generated (lb/MWh)
Pollutant
Nuclear
Coal
Natural Gas
Distilled Fuel Oil
SO2
0
10.54
1.65
2.3445
NOX
0
3.05
1.57
21.73
CO2 equiv
0
2071
2292
1862
Hg
0
5.26E-05
3.62E-06
5.81E-06
Pb
1.09E-07
3.10E-05
1.66E-06
3.65E-05
 LMP  Marginal Generator Type  Air Emissions
Putting it Together: the HERO app
 HERO = Home Emissions Read-Out
 (LMP  Marginal Generator Type  Air Emissions)
 Applying this concept to household energy use
 Android App for smart phones
HERO ARCHITECTURE
HERO: Home Emissions Read-Out
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HERO Input
 HERO can automatically find
nearest CPN based on
phone’s GPS
 User also has choice to pick
location from map
HERO Output
 Current, Past, and Projected
Future emissions
 CO2, NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead
HERO Screen Shots
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 User can view more to see
background information on CO2,
NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead
 Environmental Effects, Human
Health Effects
 Example: NOX & SOX
LEEM: Locational Emissions Estimation
Methodology
Input:
Address
Geographic
Location
Closest LMP
Node
Link LMP to
Marginal
Generator
Output:
Real-Time
Emissions
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 HERO published in GooglePlay
 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.
amaker.herotest&feature=search_result#?t=W251b
GwsMSwyLDEsImNvbS5hbWFrZXIuaGVyb3Rlc3Q
iXQ..
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Improvements?
22
Server-Based Approach
23
Test Case of Emissions Benefits
Appliance
Frequency
(d-1)
Cycle
Length
(hrs)
Power
(kW)
Energy/
cycle
(kWh)
Intermittent
(Y/N)
Preferred
Time
Hr (1 - 24)
Water Heater
1.00
3.00
1.29
3.87
YES
4
Defrost Cycle
2.00
0.33
0.70
0.23
NO
1
Dishwasher
0.50
2.0
0.98
1.97
NO
22
Clothes
Washer
1.00
0.5
0.61
0.31
NO
20
Clothes Dryer
0.86
0.75
4.59
3.44
NO
19
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BEST/WORST CASE PERFORMANCE
Greatest
Least
Average
change
change
Based
change achieved by achieved by
on LMP in target
any
any
Year
type
pollutant pollutant
pollutant
Region
Node
Location
RFCM
Monroe, MI
2009
RT
-68%
-84%
-33%
RFCM
Monroe, MI
2007
RT
-78%
-88%
-49%
RFCM
Monroe, MI
2009
DA
-27%
-61%
+1%
RFCM
St. Clair, MI
2009
RT
-68%
-84%
-32%
RFCM
Midland, MI 2009
RT
-70%
-86%
-29%
SRMW Labadie, MO 2009
RT
-74%
-80%
-49%
Fergus Falls,
2009
MN
RT
-70%
-72%
-64%
MROW
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Great Lakes Benefits
Consumer
utilizes
local
resources
Great
Lakes
Resident
Fishing
Restricti
on Lifted
Engages Energy
Consuming
Device
Reduced
Hg in
Fish
LEEM
Optimiza
tion
Reduction
in Hg
Emissions
Change
in
Demand
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Extension of Project
27
Thanks to Great Lakes Protection
Fund
THANK YOU
Water Sustainability Workshop:
A Smart-Phone Application for Home Emissions
Estimates
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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