Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
National Workshop on Integrated
Water Resources Management
(IWRM)
Institutional Experiences in
RBOs Across Asia
Ir. (Dr.) Keizrul bin Abdullah
Chairperson,
Network of Asian River Basin Organizations (NARBO)
2 February 2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Network of Asian
River Basin
Organisations
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Signing of Letter of
Intent by JWA, ADB
and ADBI during 3rd
WWF, March 2003
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Establishment of NARBO on Feb 2004
at Batu, East Java, Indonesia
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
NARBO Membership
100
80
60
countries
organizations
40
20
0
2004 2008 2010 2014
84 Members from 18 Countries
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
NARBO’s Charter
i. Goal :
• To help achieve IWRM in river basins
throughout Asia
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
NARBO’s Charter
ii. Objectives :
• To enhance the capacity in IWRM
• To ensure equitable and sustainable use
of WR among various stakeholders
• Capacity building of RBOs, Policy
Makers, Line Departments in IWRM
• Exchange info, knowledge, lessons
learned in managing WR and in conflict
resolution
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
NARBO’s Charter
i. Goal :
• To help achieve IWRM in river basins
throughout Asia
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Definition
Integrated Water Resources Management
Defined as :
“a process that promotes the co-ordinated
development and management of resources in
natural environment (water, land, flora, fauna)
in order to maximise the resultant
economic and social welfare in an equitable
manner without compromising the
sustainability of vital eco-systems”
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
IWRM Model
Principles
Structure
Economic
Efficiency
Enabling
Environment
Equity
Institutional
Frameworks
Environmental
Sustainability
Management
Instruments
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Ref: GWP
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Water Related Challenges in Asia
Water Related Challenges in Asia
Most critical factors for IWRM to succeed at
river basin level :
(Questionnaire to NARBO members in 2014)
Water Related Challenges in Asia
Most critical factors for IWRM to succeed at
river basin level :
Strong Political Will and Commitment; with
Basin Management Plan and Clear Vision
Participation from Stakeholders
(Questionnaire to NARBO members in 2014)
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences
of RBOs in Asia
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Some Types of RBOs
• The Council (or committee), providing guidance
on for example water-sharing and water-related
development. Secretariat functions can be
provided externally (for example by a public
RBO);
• The Public RBO, with the status of a government
body, often placed under a ministry, and
managed and staffed by government employees;
and
• The Corporate RBO, owned by
the state, but operating as an
independent legal entity.
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBO Characteristics
Mandate
Geographic coverage
Tasks
Authority
Formal
Informal
Capacity
Resources
Financing
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Japan Water
Agency : JWA
Advanced features of JWA as RBO
Credibility as an RBO
Human resources
aspect
Financial aspect
– I. Financial aspect
– II. Human resources aspect
– III. Technological aspect
Technological
aspect
• Three main pillars which support JWA.
• These aspects support Credibility as
RBO.
I. Financial aspect
Financial system of JWA
Flood Control
Water Utilization
Government Grants
Government Subsidies
(From Ministries)
(From Ministries)
JWA
Repayment by
Users
Loans
Repayment by Users
(Construction Project）
【After Completion】
Charges
Loan
-Government investment and loan
program
-JWA bonds (Private Sector funds)
Water users have to
pay charges by the law.
Project
Execution
II. Human resources aspect
Capacity building
• Employee can experience various field.
(Especially first 10 years)
age
20years
Career plan ofProject
civil engineers in JWA
Survey,
Planning,
Environment
Management
Construction
Personal
Exchange,
R&D
Operation
30years
40years
50years
Dam Construction,
Operation
Land
Slide
Mountain
Road
Manager
Course
Canal
Technology
Canal
Planning
Specialist
Course
Facility
Management
Environment
Law, Contract,
International cooperation,
Public relations, ・・・
III. Technology aspect
Combination of Construction
and Operation
• JWA has responsibilities in operation and construction of
water resources facilities respectively.
• This fact leads JWA to accumulate various knowledge and
experience of water resources facilities.
• JWA can make good use of these data each other from
operation to construction and from construction to
operation.
Operation and
Management
For water resources facilities.
Know-how of damage
control, process control,
etc
Construction
For water resources facilities.
Aeration system, Gate
system, Dam controller,
etc
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Jasa Tirta I :
PTJ-I
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Public Corporation
 Philosophy of Establishment
 After construction, it is necessary to maintain
completed infrastructure in order to derive
maximum benefits
 Adequate operation and maintenance
activities is best conducted by a permanent
institution, with professional staff and
adequate budget
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Public Corporation
 Main Tasks (PP 46/2010)
 Performing operation and maintenance
activities of water resources infrastructures
 Counseling, guiding, capacity building,
dealings in water and water resources
 Conducting river basin management including
water resources conservation, development
and utilization
 Conducting emergency works of water
resources infrastructures
 Water quantity and quality monitoring
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Jasa Tirta I
Sources of Revenue
Water services
Bulk water for hydropower Bulk water for
water utilities
Bulk water for
industries
Non-water services
Feb
2015
Water quality laboratory
Tourism
Contracting, Consulting
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
System of Management
• Accountability and Transparency
 Performance evaluation system for financial,
managerial and administrative aspects.
 PJT I is obliged to present financial and
managerial reports annually to the Public
Accountant (Report is uploaded to Web site)
• Stakeholder focus/satisfaction
– PJT I practises Quality Assurance System (ISO
9001) and Water Users’ feedback important
component to the corporate and projects
– PJT I participated in RBO Performance
Benchmarking
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Financing System
Basic Principles of WRM Financing System
• Cost Recovery
– O&M Cost Recovery
– Investment Cost
Recovery
• Budget sources
– Beneficiaries pay
principle
– Polluter Pay
Principle
– Government
obligation principle
• Acceptability on tariff
determination
– Fair
– Transparent
– Participative
– Transparent and
accountable use of
funds
• From water back to
water
• Flexibility of fund use
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Corporate Social Responsibility
Trained Partners
Business Type : Handicraft
Location: Selorejo Tourism Park, Malang
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Success factors :
 Modern approach to water resources
development  led to a braided range of water
services : flood control, irrigation, bulk water
supplies and hydro-power energy generation
 Institutional development  to maintain and
provide water service as intended in basin plan
 PJT-I as corporate RBO was a breakthrough
that implements corporatization principles in
water resources management by rendering
professional services based on stakeholders’
participations (financing as well by user
participation)
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta I
Success factors :
 Excellent service to customers allows for a
significant increase of water service fee tariff
with minimum complaints
 PJT I has strong commitments to contribute to
increasing the triple bottom line (economic,
environmental and social) benefits in the
Brantas and Bengawan Solo River Basins
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Jasa Tirta II :
PTJ-II
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta II
Public Corporation
In order to sustain, maintain and improve its
business, three aspects must be considered :
1. Governance: PJT II apply several regulations
in delivering its tasks, such as PP No. 7/2010,
including cooperation with other institutions
2. Capacity Building and Technology : PJT II
hires capable human resource in its fields,
applies appropriate technology and
standardize the procedure by acquiring
Management System of ISO 9001-2000, Work
Safety & Health (SMK3) and Good Corporate
Governance (GCG).
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta II
Public Corporation
In order to sustain, maintain and improve its
business, three aspects must be considered :
3. Financial Management : Sources of funding :
 Government
 Water tariffs
 Private/Public investments
 Foreign Assistance
PJT II : source of funds ~ 100% from own
budget
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Jasa Tirta II
Public Corporation
In order to sustain, maintain and improve its
business, three aspects must be considered :
3. Financial Management :
Water Resources Management Financing
(Law No. 7/2004 article 79)
 Financing of water resources management 
borned by beneficiaries : cooperatives, stateown company / district-own company, other
business entities and individuals
 For the social services, welfare and public
safety, the government in certain limits, can
provide assistance to the management fees of
state-own company / district-own company
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Laguna Lake
Development
Authority : LLDA
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Laguna de Bay…
Feb
2015
the largest and most vital inland
water body in the Philippines
21 Major Tributaries
35% - Pagsanjan - Lumban River
15% - Sta. Cruz River
50% - 19 remaining Tributaries
LLDA’s ADMINISTRATIVE
JURISDICTION
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Laguna Lake Development
Authority
 Adopts a Basin approach to Water
Resources Management




Geographic focus is the water shed
Participation and partnership
Strong science
Sound management
 Stakeholders Participation
 River Councils
 Information, education and motivation
campaigns among local communities
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Laguna Lake Development
Authority
 Formulate environmentally sound Water
Management plans
 Formulated in a participative manner
 Develop sense of ownership
 Develop a Sustainable Funding Mechanism
 Success will ultimately depend on a sound
financial foundation
 Important to develop a variety of sustainable
funding sources
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Laguna Lake Development
Authority
 Success factors :
 Community participation and involvement in
all aspects in project planning and
implementation is crucial for success
 Commitment and cooperation from local
Government Units
 Active involvement of different National
Agencies and industries as partners of LLDA
towards the protection and rehabilitation of
the Lake and its tributaries
 Sustained Campaigns to a wider number of
people
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Mahaweli Authority
of Sri Lanka : MASL
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Mahaweli Authority
of Sri Lanka
 Established to overcome limitations of
sectoral approach  an area-based
Integrated, Multi-purpose development
was adopted
 The Mahaweli multi-purpose development
program is one of the best known example
of this approach in South Asia
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Mahaweli Authority
of Sri Lanka
 MASL responsible for :






Planning
Implementation
Operation & Maintenance
Asset Management
Resource Allocation
Resource Management
 MASL acts as a “One Stop Shop” for
selected “Special Areas” of Basins
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Mahaweli Authority
of Sri Lanka
 MASL is Lead Agency with:
 >30 years experience in planning, development and management of water and land
resources using integrated approaches
 Trained staff for real time water management
for multiple uses
 Appropriate organizational structure of
integrated management of natural resources
 Strong Consultative Mechanism for Water
Allocation and Sharing
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Mahaweli Authority
of Sri Lanka
Lessons Learned from the Corporate/QuasiCorporate Perspective of MASL :
 Importance of having Appropriate Institutional
Mechanism
 Potential for Integrated Approach, IWRM
 Advantage of Consultation Process for Water
Allocation and Sharing
Feb
2015
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Lessons Learnt
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
• Institutional framework to manage a
river basin
• Initiate the enabling environment
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBO  managing competing uses
- across interests and sectors!
Cross-sectoral integration
• Enabling
environment
• Institutions
• Management
Water
for
people
Water
for
food
Water
for
nature
Water
for
other
uses
tools
- and by building compromises through
stakeholder participation
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
ii. Many models
• Governmental, quasi governmental,
corporatised, private organisation
• To suit country’s socio-political and
cultural needs
• Can progress / evolve with time
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
ii. Many models
iii. Some important pre-requisites
• Have a legal mandate
• Be independent / not biased
• Financially sustainable
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
ii. Many models
iii. Some important pre-requisites
iv. Varying degrees of success
• A few very successful stories
• Some failures
• Majority of RBOs working to improve
through experience, benchmarking, etc
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
ii. Many models
iii. Some important pre-requisites
iv. Varying degrees of success
v. No one type fits all
• Can be a hybrid or combination
• Each RBO is unique
• Need to tailor to suit local conditions
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
RBOs
i.
RBO  Apex body
ii. Many models
iii. Some important pre-requisites
iv. Varying degrees of success
v. No one type fits all
vi. NARBO ready to assist  in line with
NARBO’s Goal  to achieve IWRM in river
basins throughout Asia
Institutional Experiences in RBOs
Feb
2015
Thank you
Further information available from NARBO’s website
http://www.narbo.jp/