Photosynthesis
Process in which light
energy converts
inorganic compounds
into chemical energy of
organic compounds
(food)
Form of autotrophic nutrition
Equation
light
Carbon + water
Chlorophyll
dioxide
glucose +
water +
oxygen
(wastes)
6CO2 + 12H2O
light
Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photosynthesis.swf
Where does Photosynthesis occur?
Cells of leaves
Cells that contain
chloroplast which
contains
chlorophyll
a green pigment
that absorbs light
THE BASICS:
 Autotrophs perform photosynthesis.
Include most plants, some bacteria & protists
(algae)
 Capable of synthesizing organic materials from
inorganic raw materials
 Ultimate source of energy = Sun
(c) Euglena
(b) Kelp
(a) Mosses, ferns, and
flowering plants
(d) Cyanobacteria
THE BASICS:
 Organelle:
Occurs in the CHLOROPLAST
 Raw materials: Carbon dioxide & Water
 Products: Glucose & Oxygen gas
 Plants use some Glucose for their own energy–
and store excess as STARCH
Review
video
Raw materials/ reactants
Products
Leaf is the photosynthetic organ
of the plant
What happens
during photosynthesis?
2 PARTS
1. Light dependent reactions
Photochemical reactions
Chlorophyll traps light causing
Water to split into H and O
H2O  H2 + O
Oxygen (waste) exits through
stomata
Hydrogen = used for next part
Oxygen (air)
H 2O  H 2 + O
2. Light – Independent reactions
Dark reactions
Carbon fixation
No light needed
CO2 and H combine to form
glucose
Glucose
(C6H12O6)
CO2+ H
What are the gas bubbles produced by the plant?
Which of the 2 reactions produced these
bubbles, the light or the dark?
Best color light for photosynthesis
Blue & red
Easily absorbed
Least effective = green (reflected)
What is the glucose used for?
Respiration (making energy)
Glucose
ATP
Stored as starch
Do plants
carry out
respiration?
Yes
in order to
produce
energy
Aerobic
Respiration
Occurs in
mitochondria
Do
you recall?
Which organelle is the site of
autotrophic nutrition?
What are the two raw materials
necessary for a plant to
perform photosynthesis?
Analyze this reaction is
it dehydration synthesis or
hydrolysis?
DO NOW:
Copy and complete the chart below and
answer the question below.
A
B
Why is photosynthesis an important
process to all living things?
C
Reverse of photosynthesis
Produces food (source of energy)
for itself & all other organisms
LEAVES
ROOTS
VASCULAR
TISSUE/BUNDLE
STOMATA
ROOTS
the root is the organ of a
plant body that typically
lies below the surface of
the soil
The two major
functions of roots are
1.) absorption of water
and inorganic nutrients
2.) anchoring the plant
body to the ground
ROOT HAIRS
Increase surface area
for absorption of water
and nutrients
STOMATA
(stomate; singular) is a
pore found in the leaf
and stem epidermis that
is used for gas exchange
Guard cells which are
responsible for
regulating the size of the
opening
LEAVES
A leaf is an above-ground
plant organ specialized for
photosynthesis
Adaptive Features of Leaves
Stomata
on the
lower
surface
Cuticle for
protection
Flat and thin to increase surface
area for light exposure
Cuticle
Epidermis
Chloroplasts
Palisade Layer
Spongy Layer
Stomate and guard cells
CUTLICLE
Prevents
contamination of
plant tissues with
external water,
dirt and
microorganisms
Creates a waterproof
membrane
VASCULAR
TISSUE
VASCULAR
TISSUE/BUNDLE
Contains Xylem and Phloem
tubes
Tubes that are used to transport
materials around plant
Phloem transports food
(glucose)
Xylem transports water from the
roots
Review:
Abiotic = nonliving part of
ecosystem (ex. minerals, water,
temperature)
Photosynthesis Song
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_u
ez5WX1o
 The
World of Plants: Photosynthesis –
unitedstreaming.com
CHROMATOGRAPHY
The water is above the pigment mixture spot
Different Pigments Absorb
Light Differently
Best Overall Colors: _____________ and ____________
Worst Overall Color: _______________
Within which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
 What are the two raw materials of photosynthesis?
 What are the products of the photosynthesis
reaction?
 What types of organisms perform photosynthesis?
 What is the major product of the light reaction?
 What is the major product of the dark reaction?
 Where does the light reaction occur?
 Where does the dark reaction occur?
 What molecule is split in order to release oxygen gas?
 What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth?
 What are the two most effective colors of light for
photosynthesis?
 What is the worst color of light for photosynthesis?
 Provide an example of 3 organisms that are capable
of photosynthesizing.

plateau
As amount of available CO2
increases, photosynthesis increases
At low CO2 concentration,
rate isthen it levels off.
until a point,
positively correlated with concentration
plateau
As the amount of
available light
increases, the rate of
photosynthesis
increases - then it
levels off.
Optimum
temperature
Above the
optimum temp.,
enzymes are
As temperature increases,
Increased temp. rate of photosynthesisdenatured and
rate drops steeply.
gives increased
increases to a point…
energy and
Which enzymes are
Above 35 C the rate rapidly
increased rate of
used in respiration?
photosynthesis
decreases…
WHY???
Photosynthesis is the process by
which light energy is converted
into chemical energy.
True
or False:
Photosynthesis
occurs during the
day-time ONLY!
True
or False:
As the temperature
increases, the rate
of photosynthesis
will decrease.
True
or False:
Oxygen and water are
the raw materials
for the process of
photosynthesis.
True
of False:
Photosynthesis is a
process performed by
autotrophs in which
light energy is
converted into
chemical energy.
This
term refers to
the complex
carbohydrate that
plants store their
excess sugar as?
What
is the least
effective color of
light for plants to do
photosynthesis in?
Why?
True
or False:
Guard Cells are holes
in the surface of a
leaf which allow the
passage of oxygen
What
life process
studied earlier this
year includes the
process of
photosynthesis?
Explain the Process of Photosynthesis with regard
to the following:
 List
the raw materials needed for this process
 List the products made from this process
 State the types of organisms that do this process
 State the time of day that this process takes place
 State the type of cells (plant or animal) that are
capable of this process
 State the importance of this process
 Explain how the glucose created in this process
enters the cells of animals and is put to use.
1. What is this picture a cross section of?
2. What are tiny openings found in the lower epidermis called?
3. What structures are present to control the opening and closing of
these “holes”?
4. What substances are exchanged through these openings?
5. How is the closing of these tiny openings during a drought an exmape
of the plant maintaining homeostasis?
1. Identify one substance that
could be found at letter “A”.
2. Identify the source of energy
necessary to allow the
chloroplast to perform
photosynthesis.
3. What types of cells, plant or
animal, contain mitochondria?
4. What are the two substances
released by the chloroplast at
letter “B”?
5. What important cell process can
the mitochondria perform?
6. What is the ATP released by the
mitochondria used for?
7. What might a plant do with
excess glucose produced by
photosynthesis?
How does the structure of a leaf
assist in the maintenance of
homeostasis for the plant?