Classifying Living Things
The Six Kingdoms
Let us name the six kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
The Six Kingdoms
What six characteristics do all of these
organisms have in common?
1. They all have DNA.
2. They are all made of cells.
3. They all reproduce.
4. They all grow and develop
5. They all use energy.
6. They all sense and respond to change.
The Six Kingdoms
If all living things have certain characteristics in
common, how do they differ?
Archaebacteria
Cellular Structure:
- Single cell
- Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote
- Some have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, but not all
Reproduction:
-Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission- the division
of a cell into 2 equal halves (asexual).
EnergyArchaebacteria get energy by consuming other organisms
or by producing their own food through photosynthesis.
Environment-Most Archaebacteria live in one of three places, swamps,
extremely salty environments or extremely hot environments.
Decompose waste
Produce nitrogen
The Six Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Cellular Structure:
- Single cell
- Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote
- Most have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, which
determines the shape of the bacterium.
- Most are shaped like a rod (bacilli), sphere (cocci) or spiral (spirilla)
Reproduction:
- Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission (asexual)
The Six Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Energy:
-Eubacteria get energy by consuming other organisms or by
producing their own food through photosynthesis.
Environmental Role:
- Some Eubacteria process nitrogen so plants can use it.
- Decomposers help to break down dead or decaying organisms.
- Escherichia coli in your intestines aid in digestion and provide
you with Vitamin K and Vitamin B-complex.
The Six Kingdoms
Protista
Cellular Structure:
- Some are single celled and some are multi-celled
- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote
Reproduction:
- Some protists reproduce asexually through binary fission. Asexual
reproduction involves only one parent.
Fission in Euglena
- Some protists reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction involves two
parents.
Conjugation in a Paramecium
The Six Kingdoms
Protista
Energy:
- Protists are classified by how they obtain energy
- Protists that obtain energy through decomposition are fungus-like
protists.
- Protists that obtain energy by consuming other organisms are
animal-like protists.
- Protists that obtain energy by converting the sun’s energy into sugar
through photosynthesis are plant-like protists (producers).
The Six Kingdoms
Environmental Role
Produce oxygen
Energy source in both land and ocean food chains
The Six Kingdoms
Fungi
Cellular Structure:
-Most fungi are multi-celled
-Yeast are single celled
- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote
Reproduction:
- Some fungi can reproduce asexually while
other fungi reproduce sexually
The Six Kingdoms
Fungi
Energy:
- All fungi are consumers.
- Most fungi are decomposers.
- Some fungi live in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms. For
example, lichen is a combination of a fungus and an algae living together.
The Six Kingdoms
Environmental Role
Decompose waste
Produce antibiotics
Help make bread ( yeast)
Used in fermentation process
The Six Kingdoms
Plants
Cellular Structure:
- Plants are multi-cellular.
- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote
- Cell has a cell wall. This helps give plants strength.
- Many plants have chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and give them a
green color.
Reproduction:
- At some point in their life, plants produce sexually.
The Six Kingdoms
Plants
Energy:
- Plants produce their own food from the sun’s energy through the process of
photosynthesis.
Environmental Role:
-Plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere
and release O2 into the air. Other organisms
need O2 for cellular respiration.
-Important part of the food chain
The Six Kingdoms
Animals
Cellular Structure:
- Animals are multi-cellular.
- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote
- Animal cells do not have a cell wall.
- Animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane only.
Reproduction:
- Animals usually reproduce through sexual reproduction.
- Animals develop in an embryo.
The Six Kingdoms
Animals
Energy:
- All animals are consumers
- All animals move during some portion
of their life. Most animals have the
ability to move during their entire life.
The Six Kingdoms
Environmental Role
• All animals are consumers
• Most of the known species are insects