The Middle Ages
in Europe
and in Islamic Civilization
CHW3M
Not dark ages
Hagia Sophia built by Justinian, in
Istanbul, formerly a church, became a
mosque in 1453
Seven Wonders of the Medieval World, Hagia Sophia: The Place of
Holy Wisdom, 2012,
http://www.unmuseum.org/7wonders/hagia_sophia.htm (Dec. 4,
2015)
Preserved Viking ship and image from the Bayeux
Tapestry showing the Norman invasion of England
PBS, Nova: Secrets of Viking Ships, 2000,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/viking-ships.html (Dec. 4,
2015)
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris (Gothic –
1163-1250)
Encyclopedia Britannica, Notre Dame Cathedral, 2015,
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Notre-Dame-de-Paris (Dec. 4,
2015)
Stained glass window from Chartres
Cathedral, France
PBS, Nova – Medieval Stained Glass Science, 2010,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/science-stained-glass.html
(Dec. 4, 2015)
Scholars at a library in Baghdad, 1237
Wikipedia, Islamic Golden Age, Dec. 1, 2105,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age (Dec 4, 2015)
The Crusades – Christian Europeans vs.
Muslim Middle Easterners (1096-1396)
BBC, Bitesize: The Crusades, 2015,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zjbj6sg/revision/2 (Dec. 4,
2015)
Burying of plague (Black Death) victims
Eyewitness to History, the Black Death, 2001,
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/plague.htm (Dec. 4, 2015)
Themes
1.
2.
3.
Conflict and Advancements
Dominance of the Catholic Church
Advancements in Islamic civilization
English knight’s
sword, high middle
ages
British Museum, Explore/highlights, Double-edged Sword, 1250-1330, N.d.,
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/d/doubleedged_sword.aspx (Dec. 3, 2013).
Divisions of Christianity
Originally
Until
1500s
After
1500s
Lutheranism
Catholicism
Catholicism
Christianity
Anglicanism
Protestantism
Eastern
Orthodox
Calvinism
Presbyterianism
Timeline: Growth of Christianity in
Medieval Europe
Date (CE)
Description
312-13
Constantine / tolerates
Pope / Patriarch / independent
380
Theodorus / heresy
527-565
Justinian’s / Christian / anti-pagan / heretics
400-700
Monks / nuns / monasteries / religion
711, 1492
Moors / Muslims / Grenada
Late
500s/600s
Anglo Saxon / Ireland and Wales
1054
Excommunicated / schism (division)
Date (CE)
Description
1095
Crusade / Holy Land
1180-1270
80 / 500 / 1000s
1478, 1492
Spanish Inquisition / Jews and Muslims / refused to
convert to Christianity / exiled from Spain
1517
Protestant Reformation / Martin Luther
Key Words
Pagan
Infidel
Monk
Nun
Monastery
Heresy / heretic
Schism
Inquisition
Exile
Protestant Reformation
Key People







Pope (e.g., Urban II)
Patriarch
Constantine
Justinian
Moors
Jews
Muslims
Key Practices


Conversion
Excommunication
HOMEWORK TAKEUP (DAY 1)
Medieval Multiple Choice

What is primogeniture?
–
–
–
–
A) When land is eaten by someone who likes
pasta
B) When the youngest son inherits all the land
C) When the eldest son inherits all the land from a
noble father
D) When the eldest son inherits all the land from
his peasant father
Con’t

Whose Christian Roman Empire came first?
–
–

Constantine
Justinian
Who didn’t invade Europe during the Middle Ages?
–
–
–
–
A) Vikings
B) Romans
C) Muslims
D) Magyars
Con’t

What was another name for the Eastern
Roman Empire?
–
–
–
–
A) China
B) Mongolia
C) Byzantium
D) Vikingland
S Words

Sacred or secular?
–
–
–
–
Priests, monks and nuns provided medical
services
Priests performed baptisms, marriages and other
rituals
Many cathedrals were built during prosperous
times
Many Germanic tribes converted to Christianity
Match
Word
Description/definition
_____
Pagan
a
Word used by Christians to describe nonChristians in a very negative light
_____
Infidel
b
Women who pray and live apart from
society
_____
Monk
c
Men who pray and live apart from society
_____
Nun
d
Going against Christian practices and
beliefs
_____
Monastery
e
Non-Christian religion with multiple gods
_____
Heresy
f
Soldier
_____
Inquisition
g
A campaign to eradicate heresy
Middle Ages Lists

One of these words just doesn’t belong in
each group.
–
–
–
–
A) Patriarch, Constantinople, Rome
B) Moors, monks, Muslims, Spain
C) Monks, nuns, heretics, monasteries
D) Cathedral, pagan, heretic, excommunication
Sensible Sentences

Which sentence(s) make(s) sense?
–
–
–
–
A) A serf is more powerful than a lord.
B) A lord may grant land and protection to a
vassal.
C) Excommunication is a good thing if you are
seen as a heretic by the pope.
D) There was a schism in Christianity between
Moors and pagans.
Ostrogothic helmet,
6th century
Feudalism

Context – Background
–
An age of invasions

Landowners build defensive forts (LORDS)
–

Ordinary people are willing to give up their freedom in
order to receive protection from lords (SERFS)
Feudalism is a system of relationships
related to land-owning and land-working
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe, 2000-2013,
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arms/hd_arms.htm (Dec. 3, 2013).
Apprenticeship of a Knight

Arrange the following stages in the correct
order:
–




Knight, page, squire
Which stage had most freedom?
Which stage was basically an education?
Which stage was basically service and
practice?
Which stage was basically “the real thing?”
British Museum, Explore/Highlights, State of a Knight, 1350-1450, N.d.,
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/s/statue_of_a_knight.aspx
Con’t

How does the apprenticeship of a knight
reinforce continuity in Middle Ages society?
Crusades




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8glhcgltux4
Alexius asked _________ to help him
_______________ the Turks.
The Pope was gaining ___________ and hoped to
take over ________________.
How to kill in the name of God when Jesus said “turn
the other cheek?”
–
–
–
It is only a _________ to kill Christians
It is OK to kill _______________
It is your ______________ to kill for God
Con’t

What incentives were offered to Christian
Crusaders?
–
–
–

They would be freed from penalties for ___ they’ve
committed.
They can take their enemy’s _____________________
If you die while fighting your sins will be
_________________
How did Urban II use propaganda in his speech at
Clermont?
Crusades Video Key words







Holy war
Penance
Salvation
Hell
Sin
Heaven
Infidel
Crusader King
Louis IX of
France portrayed
in stained glass
window (12451248) carrying
relics back from
the Holy Land
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Stained Glass Panel, 2000-2013,
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/37.173.3 (Dec. 3, 2013).
Crusades, 536-541


Overview
Effects
–
–
–
Military
Trade
Unintended