AP PSYCH
TEST REVIEW
I believe in radical
behaviorism
• B.F Skinner
I started classical
conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov
My work on the “Law of
Effect” & “Instrumental
Learning” inspired Skinner
Edward Thorndike
• In Pavlov’s classic experiment,
I am the CS
• CS = the Bell
Bobo Doll is my xperiment
Bandura
YOU CAN CALL ME
GUSTATION, OR JUST…
Taste
If you use me, I will increase
the likelihood of behavior
repeating (I could be positive
or negative)
•Reinforcement
You can’t see me or
hear me. I am below
your absolute
threshold
Subliminal
stimulation
THIS STATES THAT DIFFERENCE
THRESHOLDS INCREASE IN
PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF
THE ORIGINAL STIMULUS
WEBER’S LAW
I SWEAR I SAW YOU IN THE
MALL
FALSE POSITIVE
THE PROCESS OF
TAKING STILMULI
IMPUT & TURNING IT
INTO SOMETHING
MEANINGFUL
PERCEPTION
I increase the likelihood
that a BX will be
increased
• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• I am used to decrease the
likelihood that a behavior will be
repeated
• Punishment
• Omission training
I connect a new stimulus to an
previously established stimulus response relationship
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• In Ivan Pavlov’s classical
experiment, I am the CR
CR = salivating
• Salivating
• In this experiment, I furthered
the understanding of classical
conditioning
(oh, and I raised a few ethical
concerns with the APA)
Little Albert & John B. Watson
• Little Albert & John B. Watson
Kinesthetic
receptors are
found here
Joints and Muscles
Vestibular
receptors are
found here
Semicircular Canals
I am a cell in the retina.
I detect black and gray.
I am frequently used in
dim lighting
Rods
We are the
smallest bones in
your body
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
I am a theory that
attempts to explain pain
and can be applied to
manage pain
Gate Control Theory
• Cats used to puzzle me, now
I explain their “instrumental
conditioning” by the “law of
effect”
Edward Thorndike
I include these:
texture gradient,
shadowing, relative size
cue, and linear perspective
Monocular Cues
I, Eleanor Gibson, used
this to determine when
children understand
depth perception
VISUAL CLIFF EXPERIMENT
325
gyn
com
I am the term used to describe the
transformation of stimulus energy
into the electrochemical energy
of neural impulses
• I carry neural messages to
the LGN inside the
Thalamus
Optic Nerve
• If your lens consistently focuses
am image in front of your retina
the ophthalmologist will
diagnose you
• near-sighted
•This explains
afterimages
What perceptual principle?
• SIZE CONTANCY
What perceptual principle?
What did Max
Wertheimer start?
GESTALT
What’s this?
•Reversible figureground image
• The thalamus and I help
regulate wakefulness, arousal
and attention
Reticular Formation
I hang in the brain and I control
body temperature, blood
pressure, signals for hunger, pulse
and blood sugar levels
Hypothalamus
• Telepathy, clairvoyance,
precognition & telekinesis are my
thing
•Parapsychology
• I go 1 2 3 4 back to 3 2 1, then
REM
Sleep Cycle
I show mostly Delta on
an EEG
STAGE 4
They call me
paradoxical
REM
I can’t
sleep!!!
Insomnia
I occur during stage 4
• Sleep walking, bed-wetting, night terrors,
sleep talking
I am a drug and I am so
depressing
Barbiturates
• Sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol,
valium, Xanax, “roofies”
I am such a “pain killer”
narcotics
• Morphine, heroin, codeine,
opium, methadone
I am a stimulant
• Ritalin, ecstasy, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine
The neutral stimulus
becomes the?
• Conditioned Stimulus
The UCR always becomes the
CR
The NS always becomes the
CS
In higher order conditioning, the
CS is is connected to a new?
NS
•
– Bully ---- Anxiety
– School + Bully
Anxiety
• = School = Anxiety
• TEST + School
– TEST = Anxiety
Anxiety
• “Instrumental Conditioning”, he
believed that his work and his
research was instrumental in
shaping future BX
Edward Thorndike
Responding similarly to a
range of similar stimuli
Generalization
Terminating an aversive action
Escape Learning
This occurs when
another NS is attached
to an established CS,
resulting in new
learning.
Higher Order Conditioning
•
I encourage the
likelihood of a behavior
repeating, and you need
me to survive
Primary Reinforcer
I keep failing, so I give up!
Learned Helplessness
Wow Wolfgang…I
suddenly got the answer
Insight Learning