THE ELEMENTS OF
NONFICTION
GRADE 7
OVERDUE BOOKS
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Fonseca Vargas, Jonathan Jair P The hostile hospital
#8 ($14.89)
Trejo, Karla P 8 Double identity ($6.99)
Villa, Liliana Alexia Lily's ghosts ($4.99)
Gallegos, Jorge P 0 Skulduggery Pleasant ($12.66)
Patton, Hailey Jo
Solarez, Sandra Ann What my girlfriend doesn't know
($14.44)
Collins, Janae Violet P Facing the dark ($15.15)
Saint Esteben, Juan Jose Panzers at war ($15.00)
Saravia Garcia, Samantha Abigail P Tales from a notso-talented pop star ($15.79)
Selke, Hayley Victoria Fire and ice : (Warriors) book #2
($10.76)
Allen, Alexis Paige Dylan : a Clique novel ($5.94)
Arreola Ramirez, Stephanie P A prince among frogs
($18.59)
Hernandez, Lorenzo Adrian P Two-minute drill ($12.84)
Higgins, Ethan Tyler Artemis Fowl / #1 ($10.36)
Reyes, Gerardo Crossing the wire ($17.89)
Objectives
objectives
• understand elements of an argument (claim, support)
• analyze persuasive techniques (appeals by association,
emotional appeals, loaded language)
Take Out
• Binder with Paper
• Use Cornell Note-taking method.
NONFICTION Part 5
NONFICTION
• LEARNING GOAL – READ
NONFICTION WITH INCREASED
COMPREHENSION AND A
CRITICAL, ANALYTICAL POINT OF
VIEW.
Nonfiction
• Part 1: What Is an Argument? - a claim supported by reasons
and evidence.
• In formal speaking and writing, an argument is not emotional.
• A claim is a writer’s position on a problem or an issue.
• A claim might be stated directly, as in this example: “Crunchy Puffs
are an important part of a nutritious breakfast.”
• Sometimes a writer’s claim is implied, as in this slogan:
• “Juan for Student Council—Let the Good Times Roll.” The slogan
suggests that if Juan is elected, everyone at school will have more
fun.
• The strength of an argument depends not on the claim but on the
support, or the reasons and evidence that are used to prove the
claim.
• Evidence can take many forms, including facts, statistics, and
Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion
• Examples of claims:
• • Middle school students with jobs should set aside 20
percent of their earnings for college.
• • If you like fashion, friends, and fun, you’ll love the Farley
School of Design.
• Support - is information that helps prove a claim. It is
what persuades readers to accept a writer’s claim.
• Besides facts, statistics, and examples, support may
include anecdotes and quotations from ordinary people or
from experts.
Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion
• People aren’t only logical; they are
emotional.
• Persuasive Techniques – methods intended
to affect people’s feelings.
Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion
• Persuasive Techniques: Appeals By
Association
1. Bandwagon- Desire to belong “See what
everyone is talking about”
2. Testimonial – Uses celebrities or satisfied
customers to persuade.
3. Transfer – Connects a product to a positive
image or idea.
Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion
• Persuasive Techniques – Loaded
Language:
1. Words with Positive Associations (all-natural)
2. Words with Negative Associations (tired,
stale, dry)
Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion
• Persuasive Techniques – Emotional
Appeals:
1. Appeal to Pity – tap into compassion
(ASPCA)
2. Appeal to Fear (ADT Home Security)
3. Appeal to Vanity – “Only the best drive …
Nonfiction
• Textbook Pages 912-917
Nonfiction- Objectives
• Elements of Nonfiction
• • explore the key idea of salaries
• • analyze the elements of an argument (claim, support,
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counterargument)
• analyze an argument
• read editorials
Reading
• evaluate reasoning
Vocabulary
• build vocabulary for reading and writing
• define idioms by using context clues (also an
EL language objective)
Grammar and Writing
• use commas correctly (items in a series,
introductory phrases)
• use writing to analyze literature
Nonfiction- Are people paid fairly?
• Summary
• The first writer believes that athletes should be paid high
salaries because they generate a lot of revenue.
• The second writer believes that players’ salaries are
outrageous, making a sad commentary on our social
values.
Reading Strategy
• evaluate reasoning
• When you analyze an argument, it is important to look for
fallacies, or errors in reasoning, like those explained below:
• • An overgeneralization is a statement about a group of
people or things that is much too broad to be true. “All
teenagers love to listen to loud music” is an overgeneralization,
because not all teenagers do.
• • A single-cause fallacy suggests there is only one cause for
something when there are actually several. “The only reason
people go to the beach is to swim” is a single-cause fallacy.
People might go to sunbathe or to hang out with friends.
• As you read, use a chart to record errors in reasoning
elements of nonfiction: argument
• An argument expresses a position on an issue or
problem and provides support for that position.
• Strong arguments have the following elements:
• • a claim, which is the writer’s main idea or position
• • support, or reasons and evidence that back up the claim
• counterarguments, which are arguments made to address points
that someone with an opposing view might raise.
• As you read, identify the elements in each argument.
Textbook
Pages 918-927