APUSH 1800-1848
Unit 4 overview
Lecture 4.1
Age of Jefferson and Jackson
Market Revolution
Communication Revolution
“America is the country of the future. It is a
country of beginnings, of projects, of vast
designs and expectations”- Ralph Waldo
Emerson 1844
American Transcendentalism- a reaction
to Harvard intellectualism. The ideal
spiritual state transcends the empirical
and religion and relies on intuition
Has this philosophy influenced
American intellectual life?
You tell me.
“Make the most of yourself for that is all there is of you.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
“This American government--what is it but a tradition, though
a recent one, endeavoring to transmit itself unimpaired to
posterity, but each instant losing some of its integrity?”
From Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau
“I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience
tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of
imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the
community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the
highest respect for the law.” Martin Luther King Jr.
Can we boil it all down to one word?
The Big Political Issues 1800-1812
• Party Politics -Federalists decline, DemoRepublicans rise
• Conflicts over judiciary and important legal
precedents
• Jefferson’s foreign policy and domestic policy
• Madison finds war essential
Terms
• “Revolution” of 1800
– Jefferson thinks it’s a rev. because: it was a return
to original ideas of the American Revolution
• What were those again?
Liberty, life, popular
rule, state rights
• Counterargument
– Jefferson keeps in place most federalist programs,
so it wasn’t a revolution-excise tax exception
• What were those again?
Bank of USA, tariff, state
debt assumption
“I confess that in America I saw more than America; I sought there
the image of democracy itself, with its inclinations, its character, its
prejudices, and its passions, in order to learn what we have to fear
or to hope from its progress.” Alexis De Tocqueville Democracy in
America.
1815As today, the largest metropolis on the
North American continent was………..
In the 19th century, two territorially contiguous
empires expanded rapidly across vast
continental distances………..
How often did people bathe in 1815?
How tall was the average American man
Mexico
USA and
Russia
Max-once
a week
5’8””
What makes American Agrarians at this time unusual?
Innovation and risk
This was the time period of “compassionate
marriage” and the synthesis of agriculture and
commerce.
ex. Yeoman Aaron Fuller p 44 WHGW
Jefferson and Foreign affairs
• Louisiana Purchase
– Napoleon’s motives: 1. Haitian Revolution, T.
L’Ouverture
2. Didn’t want to have America side with
Britain, so SELL!!
3. Jefferson conflicted
• Lewis and Clark Expedition 2 and ½ year
expedition
Decline of the Federalist party
• BUT…..who was the most important federalist
of this era?
Hint one: John Adams Sec of State
Hint two: 4th Supreme Justice of
the Supreme Court
Hint three: 1801-1835 Longest
serving supreme court justice
Was at the Constitutional
convention ratification in Virginia
Major opponent there, Patrick
Henry
Marshall’s decisions
• Marbury v Madison (1803) First case where
Supreme Court overruled an act of Congress
– Established judicial review
• Fletcher v Peck(1810) First case where
Supreme Court ruled a state law
unconstitutional. (Georgia land bribe case)
– Slam on state rights. Increase fed. power
More Marshall Decisions
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
– Necessary and proper clause
– Supremacy clause
– Can the State tax the Bank of the US? No
– Is the Bank of the US constitutional? Yes
States cannot impede Federal government if they are
doing what is “necessary and proper”
Loose Construction vs. Strict Construction
Strict construction or Loose
Construction? State of Hawaii v Zhou
(2050)
• In 2050 the Weist Supreme Court heard a case
appealed from Hawaii’s Supreme Court. Governor Rei
Thielbar was forcing inmates in state prisons to listen
to the “It’s a Small World After All” song continuously
in their cells. Lawyers for inmate Karen Zhou argued
that this was against the 8th amendment’s “Cruel and
unusual punishment” clause.
• Writing for the majority, Justice Brian Weist found that
the state of Hawaii did not violate the 8th amendment
and actually used the “necessary and proper clause” to
deal with their discipline problems in Hawaii
Burr v Massachusetts State Police
(2045)
• Harvard professor and Nobel Prize winning scientist Sarah
Burr’s personal belongings were seized by the police when
they mistakenly searched the wrong office (they were
looking for McKenzie Eshleman’s recipe for muscle
enhancement for endurance running.) While the police
were in Burr’s office, they found the secret formula to cure
cancer and thus did not return it, as it would benefit society
and sold it on the black market to Russia. Burr is suing the
state of Massachusetts for 100,000,000,000,000 dollars in
property loss, since her 4th amendment rights were
violated.
• Chief Justice Hunter Allen finds in favor of Burr, but sites
the 9th amendment stating that a right to privacy is implied
for American citizens.
Time machine/Synthesis
• Richard Nixon runs for president in 1968
saying he will appoint “Strict constructionists”
to the Supreme Court, not like the “Judicial
Activists” of the Warren Court.
Warren court:
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ended segregation in
schools
Engel v Vitale (1962) ended mandatory school prayer
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
LOOSE Construction
Dartmouth College v. Woodward,
(1819),
• State cannot force a private institution to
become public
• Contract clause
Cohen v Virginia (1821)
• US Supreme Court has the right to hear cases
decided by state supreme courts.
• Marshall upheld the decision of the court but
asserted in his opinion that the ultimate
authority is the US Supreme Court
Big issues Political issues
1812-1824
• War of 1812 and long term results
• Development of Nationalism and economic
policies
• Missouri Compromise
• Supreme court’s development
• Monroe Doctrine-real and symbolic
significance
Big issues Domestic 1824-1840
• Mass Democracy in 1820’s
• The significance of Jackson
• Political innovations(mass parties) and
implications for society
• Bank war
• Indian policies
Some demographic and technology
issues:1790-1960
• How did Americans migrate, move and grow?
• Effects of early industrialization on American
society
• New technologies in communication and
transportation
• The Market Revolution
Big Social Issues 1790-1860
•
•
•
•
•
•
Religion
Reform movements
American Feminism
Utopian experiments
Achievements in arts and sciences
Achievements in Literature
Washington Irving
• Innovations in publishing and transportation
lead to first American who can write for a
living
• Sketchbook-The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Rip Van Winkle
Examples AKA Evidence
1. American population doubles every two
years
2. Economy fueled by new technologies
(telegraph and railroad) growing
3. Revivalism in churches (The 2nd great
Awakening)
4. Mass democracy for the first time
ANYWHERE in the world
But…. Everyone has a past
• Slavery- “A moral outrage that mocked the
Republic’s claim to be a model of social and
political enlightenment” David Kennedy
• “Mexico will poison us” Emerson
Important people
• Samuel Morse- 1844 Telegraph.
From US Supreme Court to Baltimore tapped
out message:
“WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT”
Issues common in all developing
countries. US 1812-1850…no
exception
1. Attracting and mobilizing capital
2. How to provide municipal services
3. How to create and fund system of public
education capable of delivering mass literacy
4. How to combine industrialization with decent
labor conditions and hours of employment
5. How to arbitrate disputes between
indigenous peoples and settlers intent on
expropriating them
Interesting random theories about
1800-1848
• Austere religion does not foster high arts of
music, painting, sculpture
• Many political leaders at this time were
newpaper men. A job at the post office was a
political job. (Is the importance of newspapers
declining in our society today?)
• The frontier was anywhere that it was difficult
to get product to market
More random theories
And the problem of what to do about the slave
trade. Federal government had outlawed
importation 1808. So what did this cause?
Ex. Isabella p 50 WHGW
Treaty of Fort Jackson
• Aug 9 1814
• How much land was
Andrew Jackson really responsible
For obtaining?
¾ of Alabama and Florida, 1/3 of Tennessee, 1/5
of Georgia and Mississippi, and pieces of
Kentucky and North Carolina