9-3
STANDARD(S) ADDRESS:
11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of
industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration,
and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern
Europe.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s
presidency.
2. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the
presidency to regulate business.
3. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the
environment.
4. Summarize Roosevelt’s stand on civil rights.
Section 3
Teddy Roosevelt’s
Square Deal
As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give
citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms.
NEXT
SECTION 3: TEDDY
ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL
SECTION
3
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A Rough-Riding President
Roosevelt’s Rise
• Theodore Roosevelt has
sickly childhood, drives self
in athletics
• Is ambitious, rises through
New York politics to become
governor
• NY political bosses cannot
control him, urge run for vicepresident
NEXT
ROOSEVELT AND THE
ROUGH RIDERS
• Roosevelt grabbed
national attention by
advocating war with
Spain in 1898
• His volunteer cavalry
brigade, the Rough
Riders, won public
acclaim for its role in
the battle at San Juan
Hill in Cuba
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough
Riders
Roosevelt returned a
hero and was soon
elected governor of NY
and later McKinley’s
vice-president
McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist
in Buffalo in September of 1901
• When President
William McKinley
was assassinated 6
months into his
second term,
• Theodore Roosevelt
became the nations
26th president
SECTION
3
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A Rough-Riding President
The Modern Presidency
• President McKinley shot;
Roosevelt becomes president at
42
• His leadership, publicity
campaigns help create modern
presidency
• Supports federal government role
when states do not solve problems
- Square Deal— Roosevelt’s
progressive reforms
NEXT
THE MODERN PRESIDENT
• When Roosevelt was
thrust into the presidency
in 1901, he became the
youngest president ever
at age 42
• He quickly established
himself as a modern
president who could
influence the media and
shape legislation
Chapter 9: Section 3
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• A – What actions and characteristics of
Teddy Roosevelt contributed to his
reputation as the first modern president?
– Roosevelt was an active, forceful, and
energetic executive;
– He used his position to shape legislation and
to influence the media.
SECTION
3
Using Federal Power
1902 Coal Strike
• Coal reserves low; forces
miners, operators to accept
arbitration
• Sets principle of federal
intervention when strike
threatens public
Continued . . .
NEXT
1902 COAL STRIKE
• In 1902 140,000 coal miners in
Pennsylvania went on strike for
increased wages, a 9-hour
work day, and the right to
unionize
• Mine owners refused to
bargain
• Roosevelt called in both sides
and settled the dispute
• Thereafter, when a strike
threatened public welfare, the
federal government was
expected to step in and help
GUIDED READING:
Problem
1. 1902 coal strike
What steps did
Roosevelt take
to solve each
problem?
Called both sides to
the White House to
negotiate;
threatened to take
over the mines
Which
legislation
helped solve the
problem?
None
• B – What was significant about the way
the 1902 coal strike was settled?
– From that point on the federal govt was
expected to play a more active role in settling
labor disputes.
SECTION
3
Using Federal Power
Trustbusting
• By 1900, trusts
control about 4/5
of U.S. industries
• Roosevelt wants
to curb trusts that
hurt public
interest
- breaks up some
trusts under
Sherman
Antitrust Act
Continued . . .
NEXT
TRUSTBUSTING
• By 1900, Trusts – legal
bodies created to hold
stock in many companies
– controlled 80% of U.S.
industries
• Anti-Trust- legislation
designed to prevent
monopolies
• Progressive partypolitical movement to
change social and
political accountability of
govt.
• Roosevelt filed 44
antitrust suits under the
Sherman Antitrust Act
GUIDED READING:
Problem
2. Trusts
What steps
did Roosevelt
take to solve
each
problem?
Filed suits under
the Sherman
Antitrust Act
against many
trusts
Which
legislation
helped solve
the problem?
Sherman
Antitrust Act
SECTION
3
continued
Using Federal Power
Railroad Regulation
• Roosevelt pushes for
federal regulation to
control abuses
- Elkins Act—stops
rebates, sudden rate
changes
- Hepburn Act—limits
passes, ICC to set
maximum rates
NEXT
Railroad Regulation
- Hepburn Act—
limits passes,
ICC to set maximum
rates
NEXT
NO more
Rebates - Bribes
Railroad Regulation
- Elkins Act—
stops rebates,
sudden rate changes
NEXT
GUIDED READING:
Problem
What steps did
Roosevelt take to
solve each problem?
3. Unregulated Urged Congress to
strengthen the Interstate
big business
Commerce Act;
fought for passage of the
Elkins Act and Hepburn
Act
Which
legislation
helped solve the
problem?
Interstate
Commerce Act;
Elkins Act;
Hepburn Act
SECTION
3
Health and the Environment
Regulating Foods and Drugs
• Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—
unsanitary conditions in meatpacking
• Roosevelt commission investigates,
backs up Sinclair’s account
• Roosevelt pushes for Meat
Inspection Act:
- dictates sanitary requirements
- creates federal meat inspection
program
Continued . . .
NEXT
“THE JUNGLE” LEADS TO
FOOD REGULATION
• After reading The
Jungle by Upton
Sinclair, Roosevelt
pushed for passage of
the Meat Inspection Act
of 1906
• The Act mandated
cleaner conditions for
meatpacking plants
– Muckraking journalist
further exposed the meat
packing industries.
SECTION
3
Health and the Environment
Pure Food and Drug Act
• Food, drug advertisements make false claims;
medicines often unsafe
• Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of
contaminated food, medicine
- requires truth in labeling
Continued . . .
NEXT
PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
The Pure Food and Drug Act took
medicines with cocaine and other
harmful ingredients off the
market
• In response to
unregulated claims and
unhealthy products,
Congress passed the
Pure Food and Drug Act
in 1906
• The Act halted the sale
of contaminated foods
and medicines and
called for truth in
labeling
Cordial were among the most
popular. Mrs. Winslow’s
Soothing Syrup was one of
dozens of such elixirs intended
for infants. It’s safe to say
many nineteenth-century
opium addicts were women
and children.
In fact, for many years, whiskey,
cocaine, heroin and opiates
were in everything and used for
a cure all to end all.
• C – What similarities did the Meat
Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug
Act share?
– Both acts created regulations that protected
consumers’ health.
– Inspired by Upton Sinclair – the jungle
GUIDED READING:
Problem
4. Dangerous
foods and
medicines
What steps did
Roosevelt take to
solve each
problem?
Appointed a
commission to study
the meatpacking
industry;
pushed for passage of
the Meat Inspection
Act
Which
legislation
helped solve the
problem?
Meat Inspection
Act:
Pure Food and
Drug Act
SECTION
3
continued
Health and the Environment
Conservation and Natural
Resources
• 1887, U.S. Forest Bureau
established, manages 45
million acres
• Private interests exploit natural
environment
NEXT
ROOSEVELT AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
• Before Roosevelt’s
presidency, the federal
government paid very
little attention to the
nation’s natural
resources
• Roosevelt made
conservation a primary
concern of his
administration
Roosevelt, left, was an avid
outdoorsman – here he is with author
John Muir at Yosemite Park
SECTION
3
continued
Health and the Environment
Conservation Measures
• Roosevelt sets aside forest
reserves, sanctuaries,
national parks
• Believes conservation part
preservation, part
development for public
NEXT
ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• Roosevelt set aside 148
million acres of forest
reserves
• He also set aside 1.5
million acres of waterpower sites and he
established 50 wildlife
sanctuaries and several
national parks
Yellowstone National
Park, Wyoming
Conservation
preserving
natural habitats for future generations
• D – Summarize Roosevelt’s approach to
environmental problems.
– Roosevelt worked for conservation,
– preserving some resources but allowing some
to be used, too.
GUIDED READING:
Problem
What steps did Roosevelt
Which
take to solve each problem? legislation
helped solve the
problem?
5. Shrinking
wilderness and
natural resources
Promoted conservation of natural
resources;
set aside thousands of acres of forest
reserves, water-power sites, wildlife
sanctuaries, and national parks;
named a professional conservationist
to head the .U.S. Forest Service;
promoted large-scale irrigation
projects
National
Reclamation Act
(Newlands Act)
SECTION
3
Roosevelt and Civil Rights
Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century
• Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African
Americans
• Supports individual African Americans in civil
service
- invites Booker T. Washington to White House
• NAACP—National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
- goal is full equality among races
• Founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and black,
white reformers
NEXT
ROOSEVELT
AND CIVIL RIGHTS
• Roosevelt failed to
support Civil Rights
for African Americans
• He did, however,
support a few
individuals such as
Booker T. Washington
NAACP FORMED
TO PROMOTE RIGHTS
• In 1909 a number of
African Americans and
prominent white
reformers formed the
National Association for
the Advancement of
Colored People
• The NAACP had 6,000
members by 1914
• The goal of the
organization was full
equality among the
races
• The means to achieve
this was the court
system
1964 Application
GUIDED READING:
Problem
What steps did Roosevelt take Which legislation
to solve each problem?
helped solve the
problem?
None or Appointed an African
None
6. Racial
discrimination American as head of the
Charleston, South Carolina, custom
house;
refused to dismiss an .AfricanAmerican postmaster in
Mississippi;
invited Booker T. Washington to
dinner
GUIDED READING:
Problem
1. 1902 coal strike
2. Trusts
3. Unregulated big business
4. Dangerous foods and
medicines
5. Shrinking wilderness and
natural resources
6. Racial discrimination
What steps did Roosevelt take to
Which legislation helped solve the
solve each problem?
problem?
Called both sides to the White House to
None
negotiate;
threatened to take over the mines
Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act Sherman Antitrust Act
against many trusts
Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Interstate Commerce Act;
Commerce Act;
Elkins Act;
fought for passage of the Elkins Act and
Hepburn Act
Hepburn Act
Appointed a commission to study the
Meat Inspection Act:
meatpacking industry;
Pure Food and Drug Act
pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection
Act
Promoted conservation of natural
National Reclamation Act
resources;
(Newlands Act)
set aside thousands of acres of forest
reserves, water-power sites, wildlife
sanctuaries, and national parks;
named a professional conservationist to
head the .U.S. Forest Service;
promoted large-scale irrigation projects
None or Appointed an African American as None
head of the Charleston, South Carolina,
custom house;
refused to dismiss an .African-American
postmaster in Mississippi;
invited Booker T. Washington to dinner