Later People of the Fertile
Crescent
Chapter 3; Section 4
72-77
Alphabet
Book
Examples
Bell Work
9/18 and 9/19
•
Read the excerpt on page 73. Then, answer the
questions below in complete sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why is Hammurabi’s Code important to history?
What do you think these laws indicate about the
Babylonian system of justice?
Why do you think the laws treat freed men differently
from slaves?
How do you think Hammurabi’s code of law affected
citizens of that time?
Thinking moralistic, what is another title or phrase you
could give this law code?
What civilization and then empire
were located in the Fertile Crescent?
Sumer was
the
civilization
Akkadian
was the
name of the
empire
What firsts did each of them have?
Sumerian Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Civilization
Epic
Writing system
Religion
School
Wheel
Plow
Architecture
Science/Medicine
Musical instruments
Math
Akkadian Achievements
•
•
•
•
Empire
Permanent Army
Woman writer
Defeated Sumer and Northern
Mesopotamia
Tips: Remember this Sentence
Sam and Bob heard
kangaroos and
chimpanzees playing.
Sam (Sumer) and (Akkad)
Bob (Babylonian) heard
(Hittites) kangaroos
(Kassites) and
(Assyrians)
chimpanzees
(Chaldeans) playing
(Phoenicians)
Later Empires of the Fertile Crescent
15-20 minutes
Babylonian
Hittites
Kassites
Assyrians
Chaldeans or NeoBabylonians
Phoenicians
Question to Consider When filling out
the Chart
• Where were they from or where was their
empire?
• Who did they conquer? How?
• Was there a ruler/leader mentioned?
Interesting facts about the ruler/leader?
• What were their achievements? OR Did they
have any major resources?
• How or why did the empire fall?
Main Idea 1:
The Babylonians conquered Mesopotamia and created a
code of law.
• Hammurabi was Babylon’s king.
• During his rule, Babylon became the most
important city in Mesopotamia.
• Hammurabi’s Code was a set of 282 laws he
created that dealt with almost every part of
daily life.
Hammurabi
Babylon’s king and the
city’s greatest monarch,
or ruler of a kingdom or
empire
Brilliant war leader who
brought all of
Mesopotamia into his
Babylonian Empire
• Oversaw building
and irrigation
projects and
improved the tax
system
• Developed a set of
laws that was
written down for all
to see
Hammurabi’s Code
• Hammurabi wrote down 282 laws which contained some ideas still
found in laws today.
• Specific crimes brought specific penalties.
• Social class was taken into account. It was a greater crime to injure a rich
man than a poor one.
• It was unique not only because of how thorough it was, but also because
he wrote it down for all to see.
Main Idea 2:
Invasions of Mesopotamia changed
the region’s culture.
• Armies battled for control of fertile land.
• Different peoples ruled Mesopotamia.
– Hittites
– Kassites
– Assyrians
– Chaldeans
• Each group affected the culture of the region.
The Hittites & Kassites
The Hittites were the first to master ironworking, so they made the strongest
weapons of the time.
They used the chariot, a wheeled, horse-drawn cart, which allowed them to
move quickly around the battlefield.
They were taken over by the Kassites after their king was assassinated.
The Kassites ruled for almost 400 years.
The Assyrians
• The Assyrians had a strong army that used chariots and iron weapons.
• They spread terror before battles by looting villages and burning crops.
• Assyrian kings ruled their empire through local leaders who each
governed a small area.
• The local leaders demanded heavy taxes.
The Chaldeans or
Neo-Babylonians
• The Chaldeans attacked the Assyrians when they were weak and
destroyed their empire.
• Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city that had the
famous Hanging Gardens.
• They admired the Sumerian culture, studied their language, and built
temples to Sumerian gods.
• Babylon became a center for astronomy.
Main Idea 3:
The Phoenicians built a trading society in the eastern
Mediterranean region.
Resources
• Prized Cedar trees
for timber
• Accessed the sea for
trade
• Built great harbors
Expansion
of Trade
Expansion
of
Trade
• Sailed ships around
the Mediterranean
Sea
• Founded several new
colonies along the
trade routes
• Became wealthy
Alphabet
• Recorded their
activities
• Made writing much
easier for everyone
• Is the basis for the
English language
Later Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Babylonian
Hittites
Kassites
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Phoenicians
•Conquered
Sumer
•Hammurabibrilliant leader,
ruled for 42 years
•Hammurabi’s
Code- 1st written
law code, 282
laws, and eye for
an eye concept.
•Stele of
Hammurabi
•Created
Irrigation
Projects and
improves tax
system
•Hammurabi
dies and empire
declines
(weakens)
•Captured
Babylon
•Empire in
presentday Turkey
•Mastered
IRONWO
RKING
and Used
Chariots
and fire
arrows
around the
battlefield
•Hittite
rule did not
last long
•Lived
north of
Babylon
•Kassite
people
captured
the Hittite
people after
their king
was
assassinate
d
•Ruled for
400 years
•In 900 BC, they
started to conquer all
of the Fertile Crescent
•STRONG,
ORGANIZED ARMY
•They spread terror
•Demanded heavy
taxes and punished
those who resisted
•Built roads to link
parts of the empire
•Messengers on
horseback to deliver
messages (postal
service)
•Series of wars
weakened the empire
•Destroyed
Nineveh and the
Assyrian Empire
and rebuilt
Babylon
•Nebuchadnezza
r was their most
famous ruler
•Nebuchadnezza
r build one of the
wonders of the
world “Hanging
Gardens”
•Admired
Sumerian culture
and studied their
language
•Babylon center
of astronomy and
geometry
•Present-day land
of Lebanon
•Wealthy
TRADING
SOCIETY
•Cedar and
Purple Dye
•Mountains
blocked their
trade routes, so
they turned to the
sea
•Tyre-harbor
•ColoniesCarthage
•Had fast ships
•Traveled around
Mediterranean
•World’s 1st
alphabet
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2.
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Chapter End Rap
http://www.flocabulary.com/fertile-crescentcivilizations/
Chapter 3 Summary
Remediation Chapter 3-4
Assessment Questions
1.
2.
3.
When did Hammurabi become Babylon’s king?
How did Hammurabi conquer Mesopotamia?
Why would it have been helpful for people to have the law code
written down?
4. Why did the Hittite Kingdom come to an end?
5. What military advantages did the Assyrians have?
6. How do you think the use of chariots by Hittites affected the
opposing army’s foot soldiers?
7. How did the Assyrians rule their empire?
8. What advances did the Chaldeans make?
9. Where did Phoenician ships sail?
10. Why was the Phoenician alphabet an important development?
11. What led the Phoenicians to create a successful sea trade?