Phylogenic Tree 3 Domains: Eukaryota: fungi, plants, animals & protists (multicellular organisms) Archaeabacteria: ancient bacteria Eubacteria: true bacteria (singlecelled organisms) Classification of ALL Living Organisms ALL living things can be grouped into 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota 1. Domain Archaea (Archaebacteria) – Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that live in extreme environments that resemble the environments of the ancient world Ex: Volcanic and oceanic vents (without oxygen) Archaebacteria Methanogenes -live in swamps, marshes, the stomachs of animals and sewage treatment ponds Halophiles –live in areas high in salt content such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake Thermophiles –live in hot springs with temperatures ranging from 60-80° Celsius Bacteria (Eubacteria) Largest portion of Monera. Prokaryotic, single-celled Photosynthetic Blue-Green algae (cyanobacteria) and Heterotrophic Bacteria... i) Parasites: Those that take food from living organism. Mainly disease-causing bacteria. Ex: E. Coli ii) Saprophytes: Those that obtain food from dead and decomposing organic matter. Ex: Spirochetes Eukaryotes Contain a true nucleus. Ex. fungi, plants, animals & protists MONERA VIDEO http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bass ler_on_how_bacteria_communicate In your Textbook Page 340- Biology 11 Read Section 9.3 – page 340 to 344 Fill-in the chart Answer Practice Problems 1-7 on page 344 YOU WILL PASS IN THE CHART ALONG WITH ONES FOR THE OTHER KINGDOMS TOWARDS THE END OF THE UNIT Most bacteria display one of the following basic shapes: 1. 2. 3. Spherical (cocci; singular: coccus) Rod-shaped (bacilli; singular: bacillus) Spiral (spirilla; singular: spirillum) Note: Cocci and bacilli. And sometimes spirilla, form pairs, clusters, colonies, or chains (filaments) of cells. Ex: Strept throat is caused by Streptococci a group of cocci that form chains. E. Coli Kingdom Monera Characteristics of Bacterial Cells: 1. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. All bacteria are basically single celled. 2. The cytoplasm of bacterial cells contains no membrane-bound organelles. 3. Bacterial cells have a single chromosome. 4. Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission. Bacteria show great metabolic diversity. Respiration 3 forms: 1. Obligate aerobic- organisms must have oxygen to survive (Obligate = needs, Aerobic = need OXYGEN) (majority of Archaebacteria) 2. Obligate anaerobes- organisms that only grow in absence of oxygen (Obligate = needs, Anaerobics = no oxygen) 3. Facultative anaerobes- organisms that can survive with or without oxygen (majority of bacteria)