Mr. Ermer
U.S. History
Miami Beach Senior High
Political Divide
Disagreements over interpretation of the constitution
After George Washington’s presidency, parties form
Democratic-Republicans vs. Federalists
Federalists believe in strong central government, urbanism
Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall
Democratic-Republicans believe in state power, agrarianism
Thomas Jefferson, Sam Madison
Governing the Republic
George Washington establishes precedent of two
terms for presidents
Thomas Jefferson purchases Louisiana from France
Louisiana Purchase triples size of the United States
War of 1812 against the British
Cotton replaces tobacco as main Southern cash crop
Nullification Crisis of 1820
Missouri Compromise on slavery
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny: the belief that America was destined—by God
and history—to expand across North American and beyond
Fueled by nationalism, vision of social perfection of “American race”
Americans expand into Texas at request of Mexican government
Mexico hoped to expand tax base, defend against Indian tribes
Most who moved to Texas were Southern slave owners, bring cotton
Some Americans revolt, attempt formation of independent nation
Mexico puts down rebellion, bans further American settlement
1833: Mexico drops ban on American settlement
1835: 30,000 Americans live in Texas
Expanding America
Americans in Texas want to legalize slavery, tension grows
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna comes to power as Mexican dictator
Expands power of Mexican government, Texas begin rebellion
Mexican army destroys Texan forces at the Alamo and Goliad
Most Americans begin to flee to Louisiana
Gen. Sam Houston leads forces against Santa Anna at San Jacinto
1836: Santa Anna captured, forced to grant Texas independence
Texas applies for annexation into the United States
President Jackson and Congress oppose annexation
Question of Texas becomes main campaign issue in 1844
Both United States and Great Britain claim the Oregon Territory
Many Americans begin migrating to Oregon under “joint occupation”
President Polk & War
1844: James K. Polk campaigns for annexation of Texas
1845: Texas annexed into United States, border unclear
British reject Polk’s compromise on splitting Oregon at 49th Parallel
United States threatens war, “54-40 or fight,” British accept old offer
Tension over Texas-Mexico border
Texans say Rio Grande, Mexico says Nueces River
Claims made for New Mexico and California
Polk offers to purchase territories, Mexico refuses
May 13, 1846: Congress declares war on Mexico
General Zachary Taylor captures Monterey in September
American forces seize New Mexico, California, and Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Sectional Debate
North-South tension over expanding slavery
Wilmot Proviso, banning slavery in former Mexican territory, fails
Popular Sovereignty vs. Missouri Compromise
Formation of Free Soil Party (anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats)
1849: California Gold Rush, 49’ers=anti-slavery
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Bleeding Kansas
Ostend Manifesto (1854)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1858)
Freeport Doctrine (1858)—Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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